| bacillus sporothermodurans, a new species producing highly heat-resistant endospores. | bacteria that differentiate into highly heat-resistant endospores (hhrs strains) may survive ultrahigh-temperature treatment of milk and germinate in the final product. they do not noticeably spoil the milk and are nonpathogenic. the complete (>96%) 16s rrna genes from three hhrs strains were identical, and phylogenetic analysis placed them alongside bacillus firmus in the b. megaterium group of the genus bacillus. moreover, the approximately 550 nucleotides between regions u2 and u5 were invari ... | 1996 | 8782686 |
| identification and detection of bacillus sporothermodurans spores in 1, 10, and 100 milliliters of raw milk by pcr. | a pcr method was developed to detect spores of bacillus sporothermodurans in 1, 10, and 100 ml of raw milk. two primers were derived from a unique sequence after subtractive hybridization of b. sporothermodurans dna with dna of mb 397, a not yet identified spore-forming bacterium isolated from raw milk, closely related to b. sporothermodurans. specific identification was proven on a large collection of bacillus strains and on strains from relevant taxa. the detection of b. sporothermodurans in r ... | 1997 | 9251201 |
| typing of bacillus sporothermodurans and other bacillus species isolated from milk by repetitive element sequence based pcr. | when analysing raw milk for the presence of bacillus sporothermodurans, 11 bacillus strains were isolated which could be differentiated from known bacillus, brevibacillus and paenibacillus spp. by different primer specificity in pcr experiments, indicating that they probably belong to bacillus species as yet undescribed. using repetitive element sequence based pcr (rep-pcr), these 11 strains could be clearly distinguished from b. sporothermodurans as well as from each other. eighty-five b. sporo ... | 1998 | 9569706 |
| a dna probe for the detection and identification of bacillus sporothermodurans using the 16s-23s rdna spacer region and phylogenetic analysis of some field isolates of bacillus which form highly heat resistant spores. | the spacer regions between the 16s and 23s rrna genes (spacer regions 1) of bacillus sporothermodurans were pcr-amplified, cloned and sequenced. six unique spacer sequences in four size classes were recovered from two strains, rrna (about 190 bp), rrnb (about 303 bp), rrnc (355 bp) and rrnd (554 bp). rrnd contained two trna genes which were deciphered as trna(ala) and trna(ile) separated from each other by 13 nucleotides. the primary structures of the trna molecules clearly resembled those found ... | 1998 | 9779606 |
| the presence of intragenically located rep-like elements in bacillus sporothermodurans is sufficient for rep-pcr typing. | the technique of repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) enables the identification and discrimination of clonally related bacillus sporothermodurans isolates from ultra-high temperature and sterilized milk. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis for the generation of these highly informative rep-pcr patterns. the major 947-bp rep-pcr fragment of b. sporothermodurans was cloned, together with its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. only partial homolog ... | 2000 | 10875282 |
| bacillus endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from the inner tissues of cotton plants (gossypium sp.). | four strains of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from the inner tissues of healthy cotton plants (gossypium sp., dushanbe, tajikistan). the organisms had identical randomly amplified polymorphic dna patterns that distinguished them from other bacilli that are commonly isolated from plant tissues, e.g. bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus pumilus and bacillus subtilis. pcr amplification of 16s-23s rrna spacer regions suggested that the four strains could b ... | 2002 | 11837291 |
| occurrence of bacillus sporothermodurans and other aerobic spore-forming species in feed concentrate for dairy cattle. | to determine the aerobic spore composition and presence of bacillus sporothermodurans spores in feed concentrate for dairy cattle. | 2001 | 11851816 |
| polymerase chain reaction identification of bacillus sporothermodurans from dairy sources. | a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the identification of bacillus sporothermodurans strains from sterilized or ultrahigh temperature-treated milk and milk products and from other non-milk sources and environments, including the dairy farm. | 2002 | 11972705 |
| genetic heterogeneity in bacillus sporothermodurans as demonstrated by ribotyping and repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr fingerprinting. | thirty-eight strains of bacillus sporothermodurans isolated from ultra-high-temperature (uht)-treated milk or sterilized milk (uht isolates) and from animal feed or raw milk (farm isolates) were characterized by automated ribotyping and by repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr fingerprinting. by investigating the genetic relationships among isolates from these various sources, the relative importance of different contamination sources could be evaluated. the results of the separate cluster ... | 2002 | 12200268 |
| paenibacillus lactis sp. nov., isolated from raw and heat-treated milk. | endospore-forming bacteria were recovered from individual packages from different processing lines in a dairy plant during a tenacious periodical contamination of their uht-milk production. two colony types were seen, one of which was identified as bacillus sporothermodurans. analysis of the 16s rrna gene of the second colony type placed these isolates within the genus paenibacillus, with paenibacillus lautus as the closest known relative. moreover, over 99 % similarity was observed to the 16s r ... | 2004 | 15143040 |
| bacillus farraginis sp. nov., bacillus fortis sp. nov. and bacillus fordii sp. nov., isolated at dairy farms. | forty-eight bacterial strains were isolated at dairy farms from raw milk, the milking apparatus, green fodder or feed concentrate after a heat treatment of 30 min at 100 degrees c. in this way, spore-forming bacteria with a very high intrinsic heat resistance were selected for. the aerobic spore-forming isolates were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomical study, including repetitive element sequence-based pcr typing, whole-cell protein profiling, 16s rdna sequence analysis, dna-dna hybridizations ... | 2004 | 15280314 |
| estimation of the non-isothermal inactivation patterns of bacillus sporothermodurans ic4 spores in soups from their isothermal survival data. | the isothermal survival curves of the heat resistant spores of bacillus sporothermodurans ic4, in the range of 117-125 degrees c, were determined in chicken, mushroom and pea soups by the capillary method. they were all non-linear with a noticeable upper concavity and could be described by the equation log(10) [n(t)/n(0)]=-b(t)t(n) with a fixed power, n, of the order of 0.7-0.8. the temperature dependence of b(t) could be described by the equation b(t)=log(e)[1+exp[k(t-t(c))]], where t(c) is the ... | 2004 | 15282132 |
| morphological and phenotypical characterization of bacillus sporothermodurans. | enumeration of resistant bacteria in ultra-high temperature (uht) treated milk; morphological characterization and phenotyping of resistant strains by traditional and nontraditional methods and their identification by molecular biology. | 2004 | 15357730 |
| bacillus arenosi sp. nov., bacillus arvi sp. nov. and bacillus humi sp. nov., isolated from soil. | a group of nine gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria was isolated from soil of the drentse a agricultural research area in the netherlands. using (gtg)5-pcr genomic fingerprinting and fatty acid analysis, the nine isolates were divided into three consistent groups. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity of representative strains, the nine isolates were shown to belong to the genus bacillus. the first group of four isolates was most closely related to bacillus carboniphilus (95.5 % ... | 2005 | 15653863 |
| generating microbial survival curves during thermal processing in real time. | to develop a method to calculate and record theoretical microbial survival curves during thermal processing of foods and pharmaceutical products simultaneously with the changing temperature. moreover, to demonstrate that the method can be used to calculate nonisothermal survival curves, with widely available software such as microsoft excel. | 2005 | 15659195 |
| incidence and diversity of potentially highly heat-resistant spores isolated at dairy farms. | the presence of highly heat-resistant spores of bacillus sporothermodurans in ultrahigh-temperature or sterilized consumer milk has emerged as an important item in the dairy industry. their presence is considered undesirable since they hamper the achievement of commercial sterility requirements. by using a selective 30-min heat treatment at 100 degrees c, 17 belgian dairy farms were screened to evaluate the presence, sources, and nature of potentially highly heat-resistant spores in raw milk. hi ... | 2005 | 15746351 |
| assessment of heat resistance of bacterial spores from food product isolates by fluorescence monitoring of dipicolinic acid release. | this study is aimed at the development and application of a convenient and rapid optical assay to monitor the wet-heat resistance of bacterial endospores occurring in food samples. we tested the feasibility of measuring the release of the abundant spore component dipicolinic acid (dpa) as a probe for heat inactivation. spores were isolated from the laboratory type strain bacillus subtilis 168 and from two food product isolates, bacillus subtilis a163 and bacillus sporothermodurans ic4. spores fr ... | 2005 | 16000762 |
| bacillus acidicola sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, acidophilic species isolated from acidic sphagnum peat bogs in wisconsin. | a mesophilic, acidophilic, spore-forming bacterium, strain 105-2(t), was isolated from an acidic sphagnum peat bog in wisconsin, usa. strain 105-2(t) has 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to bacillus sporothermodurans dsm 10599(t) and bacillus oleronius dsm 9356(t) of 97.4 and 97.8%, respectively. the primary lipoquinone is mk-7 and the major fatty acids are 15:0 iso, 15:0 anteiso and 17:0 anteiso. the predominant polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosph ... | 2005 | 16166720 |
| bacillus sporothermodurans and other highly heat-resistant spore formers in milk. | a recent example of a micro-organism causing undesired growth in consumer milk is bacillus sporothermodurans producing highly heat-resistant spores (hrs) which may survive ultra-high temperature (uht) treatment or industrial sterilization. molecular typing showed a heterogeneous group of farm isolates (non-hrs strains), but a clonal group of uht isolates from diverse european countries and other continents (hrs-clone) suggesting a common source. during a survey of belgian dairy farms for the pre ... | 2006 | 16907805 |
| estimating the heat resistance parameters of bacterial spores from their survival ratios at the end of uht and other heat treatments. | accurate determination of bacterial cells or the isothermal survival curves of spores at ultra high temperatures (uht) is hindered by the difficulty in withdrawing samples during the short process and the significant role that the come up and cooling times might play. the problem would be avoided if the survival parameters could be derived directly from the final survival ratios of the non-isothermal treatments but with known temperature profiles. non-linear inactivation can be described by mode ... | 2008 | 18663615 |
| the effects of wet heat treatment on the structural and chemical components of bacillus sporothermodurans spores. | the objective of this research was to study the rate of structural damage and survival of bacillus sporothermodurans spores following treatment at high temperatures by determining the amount of dipicolinic acid (dpa) and soluble protein leakage over time. a reference strain of b. sporothermodurans (dsm 10599) and a south african strain (up20a) isolated from uht milk were used. to determine the survival of spores at 130 degrees c, spores were heated for 4, 8 and 12min. to check the viability of s ... | 2010 | 20417981 |
| strong and consistently synergistic inactivation of spores of spoilage-associated bacillus and geobacillus spp. by high pressure and heat compared with inactivation by heat alone. | the inactivation of spores of four low-acid food spoilage organisms by high pressure thermal (hpt) and thermal-only processing was compared on the basis of equivalent thermal lethality calculated at a reference temperature of 121.1°c (f(z)(121.1)(°)(c, 0.1 mpa or 600 mpa)) and characterized as synergistic, not different or protective. in addition, the relative resistances of spores of the different spoilage microorganisms to hpt processing were compared. processing was performed and inactivation ... | 2011 | 21278265 |
| a mixed-species microarray for identification of food spoilage bacilli. | failure of food preservation is frequently caused by thermostable spores of members of the bacillaceae family, which show a wide spectrum of resistance to cleaning and preservation treatments. we constructed and validated a mixed-species genotyping array for 6 bacillus species, including bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, and 4 geobacillus species, including geobacillus stearothermophilus, geobacillus t ... | 2010 | 21315980 |
| emended descriptions of bacillus sporothermodurans and bacillus oleronius with the inclusion of dairy farm isolates of both species. | bacillus sporothermodurans is an industrially important micro-organism because of its ability to produce endospores which resist ultra high temperature (uht) and industrial sterilization processes. it was described by pettersson et al. (1996) based on seven genetically homogeneous isolates all from uht-milk. bacillus oleronius, the closest phylogenetic neighbor of b. sporothermodurans, was described by kuhnigk et al. (1995), based on a single strain, isolated from the hindgut of the termite reti ... | 2011 | 21398506 |
| microbial biofilms on the sandstone monuments of the angkor wat complex, cambodia. | discoloring biofilms from cambodian temples angkor wat, preah khan, and the bayon and west prasat in angkor thom contained a microbial community dominated by coccoid cyanobacteria. molecular analysis identified chroococcidiopsis as major colonizer, but low similarity values (<95%) suggested a similar genus or species not present in the databases. in only two of the six sites sampled were filamentous cyanobacteria, microcoleus, leptolyngbya, and scytonema, found; the first two detected by sequenc ... | 2011 | 22006074 |
| effect of the medium characteristics and the heating and cooling rates on the nonisothermal heat resistance of bacillus sporothermodurans ic4 spores. | in recent years, highly thermo-resistant mesophilic spore-forming bacteria belonging to the species bacillus sporothermodurans have caused non-sterility problems in industrial sterilization processes. the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the heating medium characteristics (ph and buffer/food) on the thermal inactivation of b. sporothermodurans spores when exposed to isothermal and non-isothermal heating and cooling treatments and the suitability of non-linear weibull and geeraa ... | 2012 | 23498193 |
| genome sequences of 12 spore-forming bacillus species, comprising bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus sporothermodurans, and bacillus vallismortis, isolated from foods. | here, we report the draft genomes of twelve isolates of five different bacillus species, all spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria. | 2016 | 27174261 |
| role of mechanical vs. chemical action in the removal of adherent bacillus spores during cip procedures. | this study was designed to evaluate the respective roles of mechanical and chemical effects on the removal of bacillus spores during cleaning-in-place. this analysis was performed on 12 strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis) or to less related bacillus species (bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus subtilis). adherent spores were subjected to rinsing-in-place (mechanical action) and cleaning- ... | 2013 | 23200646 |
| amplicon sequencing for the quantification of spoilage microbiota in complex foods including bacterial spores. | spoilage of food products is frequently caused by bacterial spores and lactic acid bacteria. identification of these organisms by classic cultivation methods is limited by their ability to form colonies on nutrient agar plates. in this study, we adapted and optimized 16s rrna amplicon sequencing for quantification of bacterial spores in a canned food matrix and for monitoring the outgrowth of spoilage microbiota in a ready-to-eat food matrix. | 2015 | 26217487 |
| the length of a lantibiotic hinge region has profound influence on antimicrobial activity and host specificity. | lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized (methyl)lanthionine containing peptides which can efficiently inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria. as lantibiotics kill bacteria efficiently and resistance to them is difficult to be obtained, they have the potential to be used in many applications, e.g., in pharmaceutical industry or food industry. nisin can inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria by binding to lipid ii and by making pores in their membrane. the c-terminal part of nisin is ... | 2015 | 25688235 |
| inactivation of bacillus spores inoculated in milk by ultra high pressure homogenization. | ultra high-pressure homogenization treatments at 300 mpa with inlet temperatures (ti) of 55, 65, 75 and 85 °c were applied to commercial ultra high temperature treated whole milk inoculated with bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus coagulans, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus subtilis spores in order to evaluate the inactivation level achieved. ultra high-pressure homogenization conditions at 300 mpa with ti = 75 and 85 °c were capable of a spor ... | 2014 | 25084664 |
| evaluation of modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce biofilm formation by common milk sporeformers. | the development of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel (ss) surfaces poses a great threat to the quality of milk and other dairy products as the biofilm-embedded bacteria can survive thermal processing. established biofilms offer cleaning challenges because they are resistant to most of the regular cleaning protocols. sporeforming thermoduric organisms entrapped within biofilm matrix can also form heat-resistant spores, and may result in a long-term persistent contamination. the main objective ... | 2016 | 27692715 |
| effect of heating rate on highly heat-resistant spore-forming microorganisms. | highly heat-resistant spore-forming bacillus cause nonsterility problems in canned food and reduce the shelf life of many processed foods. the aim of this research was to evaluate the thermal inactivation of bacillus sporothermodurans iic65, bacillus subtilis ic9, and geobacillus stearothermophilus t26 under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. the data obtained showed that b. sporothermodurans and b. subtilis were more heat resistant than g. stearothermophilus. the survival curves of b. spo ... | 2016 | 25852134 |
| bacillus vini sp. nov. isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud. | a novel aerobic, gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated lam0415(t), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from sichuan luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in china. the isolate was found to be able to grow at nacl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °c (optimum: 30-35 °c) and ph 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus bacillus and was ... | 2016 | 27055557 |
| seasonal and regional occurrence of heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria in the course of ultra-high temperature milk production in tunisia. | spore-forming bacteria, principally bacillus species, are important contaminants of milk. because of their high heat resistance, bacillus species spores are capable of surviving the heat treatment process of milk and lead to spoilage of the final product. to determine the factors influencing the contamination of milk, spore-forming bacteria occurrence throughout the uht milk production line during winter, spring, and summer was studied. the obtained results confirm that the total viable rate dec ... | 2017 | 28571988 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus oleronius dsm 9356 isolated from the termite reticulitermes santonensis. | bacillus oleronius strain dsm 9356 isolated from the termite reticulitermes santonensis was sequenced to gain insights in relation to its closest phylogenetic neighbor bacillus sporothermodurans. the draft genome of strain dsm 9356 contains 5,083,966 bp with an estimated g + c content of 35%, 4899 protein-coding genes, 116 trnas and 18 rrnas. the rast annotation assigned these genes into 462 subsystems, with the maximum number of genes associated with amino acids and derivatives metabolism (14.8 ... | 2017 | 28386530 |
| one-step global parameter estimation of kinetic inactivation parameters for bacillus sporothermodurans spores under static and dynamic thermal processes. | bacillus sporothermodurans produces highly heat-resistant endospores, that can survive under ultra-high temperature. high heat-resistant sporeforming bacteria are one of the main causes for spoilage and safety of low-acid foods. they can be used as indicators or surrogates to establish the minimum requirements for heat processes, but it is necessary to understand their thermal inactivation kinetics. the aim of the present work was to study the inactivation kinetics under both static and dynamic ... | 2016 | 28460957 |
| bioinactivation: software for modelling dynamic microbial inactivation. | this contribution presents the bioinactivation software, which implements functions for the modelling of isothermal and non-isothermal microbial inactivation. this software offers features such as user-friendliness, modelling of dynamic conditions, possibility to choose the fitting algorithm and generation of prediction intervals. the software is offered in two different formats: bioinactivation core and bioinactivation se. bioinactivation core is a package for the r programming language, which ... | 2017 | 28290281 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for direct detection and quantification of bacillus sporothermodurans in ultra-high temperature milk. | in our study, a new and highly sensitive real-time pcr taqman assay was developed for the direct and specific detection of bacillus sporothermodurans in uht milk. the target region was selected based on the 16s rrna gene profiles of 11 b. sporothermodurans from genbank. a standard curve was created using a reference strain of b. sporothermodurans, dsm 10599. a low limit of detection for b. sporothermodurans in uht milk (10 cfu/ml) was obtained. furthermore, a total of 110 uht milk samples from s ... | 2016 | 27497907 |
| inhibitory effects of nisin and potassium sorbate alone or in combination on vegetative cells growth and spore germination of bacillus sporothermodurans in milk. | the inhibitory activities of nisin or/and potassium sorbate on spores and vegetative cells of bacillus sporothermodurans ltis27, which are known to be a contaminant of dairy products and to be extremely heat-resistant, were investigated. first, the tested concentrations of nisin or potassium sorbate inhibited vegetative cell growth; with the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 5 × 10(3) iu/ml and 2% (w/v), respectively. then, the behaviour of vegetative cells and spores in presence of sub-let ... | 2015 | 25475264 |
| inactivation of bacillus sporothermodurans spores by nisin and temperature studied by design of experiments in water and milk. | spores of bacillus sporothermodurans are known to be a contaminant of dairy products and to be extremely heat-resistant. a central composite experimental design with three factors using response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of nisin (50-150 ui/ml), temperature (80-100 °c), and temperature-holding time (10-20 min) on the inactivation of b. sporothermodurans ltis27 spores in distilled water, in skim milk and in chocolate milk. the experimental values were shown to be signifi ... | 2014 | 24290651 |
| optimization of nutrient-induced germination of bacillus sporothermodurans spores using response surface methodology. | spores of bacillus sporothermodurans are known to be contaminant of dairy products and to be extremely heat-resistant. the induction of endospore germination before a heat treatment could be an efficient method to inactivate these bacteria and ensure milk stability. in this study, the nutrient-induced germination of b. sporothermodurans ltis27 spores was studied. testing the effect of 23 nutrient elements to trigger an important germination rate of b. sporothermodurans spores, only d-glucose, l- ... | 2013 | 24010613 |
| the combined effect of nisin, moderate heating and high hydrostatic pressure on the inactivation of bacillus sporothermodurans spores. | to investigate the combined effect of hydrostatic pressure (hp), moderate temperature and nisin on the inactivation of bacillus sporothermodurans spores which are known to be contaminant of dairy products and to be extremely heat-resistant. | 2013 | 23611251 |
| the detection of viable vegetative cells of bacillus sporothermodurans using propidium monoazide with semi-nested pcr. | bacillus sporothermodurans produces highly heat-resistant spores that can survive ultra-high temperature (uht) treatment in milk. therefore, we developed a rapid, specific and sensitive semi-nested touchdown pcr assay combined with propidium monoazide (pma) treatment for the detection of viable b. sporothermodurans vegetative cells. the semi-nested touchdown pcr alone proved to be specific for b. sporothermodurans, and the achieved detection limit was 4 cfu/ml from bacterial culture and artifici ... | 2013 | 23498198 |
| optimization of pressure-induced germination of bacillus sporothermodurans spores in water and milk. | bacillus sporothermodurans produces highly resistant endospores that can survive ultra-high-temperature treatment in milk. the induction of endospore germination before a heat treatment could be an efficient method to inactivate these bacteria and ensure milk sterility. in this work, the rate of spore germination of b. sporothermodurans ltis27 was measured in distilled water after high-pressure treatments with varying pressure (50-600 mpa), treatment temperature (20-50 °c), pressure-holding time ... | 2012 | 22265276 |