| ultrastructural aspects of replication of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in a suspected sand fly vector, lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | transmission electron microscopy was used to examine replication of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsnj) (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus) in lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae), a recently implicated sand fly vector. following ingestion of an infectious blood meal, female sand flies were fixed and examined at approximately 12-hr intervals for six days. the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus was first detected in the abdominal midgut after 34 hr of incub ... | 1992 | 1311534 |
| titers of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, in naturally infected male and female lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in georgia. | seven isolates of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus were obtained from pooled specimens of phlebotomine sand flies, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, collected on ossabaw island, chatham county, ga., in 1989 and 1990. three isolates, including two from males, were obtained from light-trapped sand flies in 1989. four isolates were obtained from pools of sand flies collected from hollow trees in 1990. three of the latter pools contained from 4.0 to 4.7 log10 of plaque-forming uni ... | 1992 | 1322992 |
| dispersal of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a colombian focus of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | dispersal of five species of phlebotomine sand flies was studied in a coffee plantation near arboledas, colombia, by mark-release-recapture studies using fluorescent powders. the estimated recapture rate for males of lutzomyia shannoni marked and released during the day was 28.1%, significantly higher than that for all other species (p < 0.05). recapture rate of female lu. shannoni was 9.5%, and no females of the other four species were recovered. this suggests either that lu. shannoni is a more ... | 1992 | 1343649 |
| phlebotomine sandfly species in paraguay and their infection with leishmania. | nine species of sandflies, lutzomyia (nyssomyia) whitmani (antunes and countinho), lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (lutz and neiva), lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (dyar), lutzomyia migonei (franca), lutzomyia (pintomyia) fischeri (pinto), lutzomyia (pintomyia) pessoai (countinho and barretto), lutzomyia cortelezzii (brethes), lutzomyia walkeri (newstead) and lutzomyia (trichopygomyia) longispinus (mangabeira), were caught, by human bait and shannon trap, in four areas of paraguay hyper-ende ... | 1992 | 1417209 |
| seasonal abundance of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) on ossabaw island, georgia. | population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni were monitored from april 1986 through december 1987 on ossabaw island, ga. most (99%) of the 19,788 adult sand flies were collected in light traps supplemented with dry ice; less than or equal to 1% were aspirated from diurnal resting sites. adult sand flies first appeared in april and were followed by peaks of abundance during may 1986, and may and july 1987. numbers of adults captured fell rapidly in october and november 1986 and in september and octo ... | 1992 | 1495026 |
| lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae): a biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsnj) is enzootic on ossabaw island, georgia. lutzomyia shannoni is the only phlebotomine sand fly present on the island and there is strong evidence that it is a vector of the virus at this site. this overview summarizes the studies that have been done on the island, reviews the evidence which confirms that l. shannoni is a biological vector of vsnj, and discusses remaining unknown aspects of the epizootiology of vsnj. | 1991 | 1668681 |
| isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype from phlebotomine sand flies in georgia. | vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsnj virus) was isolated from 6 of 610 pools of phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia shannoni) collected on ossabaw island, ga. all isolates were from non-blooded females. infected sand flies were collected at 6 sites at 5 separate times from 3 june through 25 july 1988. thirty-five pools of culicoides ssp. and 48 pools of mosquitoes obtained in conjunction with the infected sand flies also were evaluated for vsnj virus; all were negative. concomitan ... | 1990 | 1971158 |
| funnel trap for the capture of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from tree holes. | a funnel trap that fitted over holes leading into hollow trees was used to capture adult phlebotomine sand flies, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, on ossabaw island, chatham county, ga. these insects rested in hollow trees during the day and were collected by funnel traps as they egressed from the tree holes at night. the trap is lightweight, durable, inexpensive, waterproof, and selective. using this trap, greater than 100 healthy l. shannoni ++were captured per night by a single investigator during ju ... | 1991 | 2056514 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype: replication in and transmission by lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | laboratory-reared female sand flies (lutzomyia shannoni) were experimentally infected, orally and by intrathoracic inoculation, with the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. virus replication occurred in the insects following infection by both routes. virus titers greater than 10(4) plaque forming units of vsnj virus were present in heads of orally infected sand flies 12 days after virus ingestion, confirming that a persistent disseminated infection had occurred. both orally ... | 1990 | 2160198 |
| development of leishmania mexicana in lutzomyia diabolica and lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | | 1987 | 3585930 |
| the tree-buttress biotope: a pathobiocenose of leishmania braziliensis. | a total of 52,033 sandflies, comprising 33 species, was collected in tree buttresses in panama. of the 18,025 females collected, 1,592 (8.8%) engorged phlebotomines of 18 species contained sufficient blood for identification of their vertebrate hosts by the microcapillary precipitin method. lutzomyia ylephiletor and lu. trapidoi, vectors of leishmania braziliensis, had fed predominantly on sloths (47.0% and 65.1%, respectively). lutzomyia shannoni, a common non-anthropophilic sandfly in tree but ... | 1982 | 7072887 |
| incompetence of white-tailed deer as amplifying hosts of vesicular stomatitis virus for lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | sand flies, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, were allowed to feed on 3 white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginiana zimmermann, that previously had been infected with the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. flies fed in the lower abdominal area of each deer on days 1-5 postinfection. a blood sample, nasal swab, and throat swab were taken during each feeding trial and examined for virus. blood-fed flies were held for 4-5 d following the bloodmeal and tested for vsnj virus infection. vsn ... | 1995 | 7473631 |
| incompetence of domestic pigs as amplifying hosts of vesicular stomatitis virus for lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | seven domestic pigs, sus scrofa l., were infected by intradermal inoculation at 3 different sites with the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. laboratory-reared lutzomyia shannoni dyar sand flies, a suspected biological vector of vsnj virus, were allowed to feed on pigs at the lower abdomen or at sites of their own selection on days 1-7 and on day 10 postinfection. blood samples were taken from infected swine concomitant with most feeding trials and tested for the presence ... | 1995 | 7473632 |
| population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to the epizootiology of vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni dyar were studied on ossabaw island, ga, to define further the role of this species in the epizootiology of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. bimonthly collections of sand flies egressing from hollow trees from april to november 1991 indicated that there were three generations of sand flies. data from light trap collections from 1986 through 1989 indicated that similar seasonal cycles occurred during previous years. at this si ... | 1994 | 7815397 |
| hosts of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. | hosts of lutzomyia shannoni dyar, a suspected biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus, were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of 333 blood-fed female sandflies collected from their diurnal resting shelters on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. sandflies had fed primarily on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (81%) and to a lesser extent on feral swine (sus scrofa) (16%), two species of host infected annually with ... | 1994 | 7841487 |
| effect of forest type on the distribution of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) and vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | we studied the effects of three forest types on multiple factors that are believed to influence the transmission of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus on ossabaw island, ga. these factors included availability of tree hole diurnal resting habitat for the presumed sand fly vector, lutzomyia shannoni dyar; relative abundance of l. shannoni; prevalence of vsnj virus infection in sand flies; and prevalence of vsnj virus antibodies in wild swine. tree hole availability, sand ... | 1993 | 8389877 |
| ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern united states to northern south america. its negatively stranded rna genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. previous epidemiological studies in costa rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of hig ... | 1996 | 8917539 |
| experimental infection of swine with a sandfly (lutzomyia shannoni) isolate of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype. | | 1996 | 9026063 |
| experimental vesicular stomatitis in swine: effects of route of inoculation and steroid treatment. | an enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) exists on ossabaw island, georgia. many questions regarding the epizootiology of this virus at this focus still exist, but evidence suggests that the vector for this virus is a phlebotomine sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni), with feral swine serving as a potential source of virus for the sand fly and for other swine via contact transmission. we conducted 2 experimental trials in domestic swine using vsv-nj isolated from a s ... | 1997 | 9211231 |
| vsv-nj on ossabaw island, georgia. the truth is out there. | ossabaw island, georgia, is the only recognized enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in the united states and has been the subject of vsv-nj research since 1981. to date, vsv-nj antibodies have been detected only from feral swine, cattle, equines, deer, and raccoons. vsv-nj transmission occurs annually, is seasonal, and is associated with the maritime forest. despite high transmission rates the clinical disease is rarely detected. a sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni) occur ... | 2000 | 11193657 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis: dog infectivity to sand flies from non-endemic areas. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by leishmania infantum (leishmania chagasi in the new world), is a zoonotic, endemic disease in western europe and latin america. the potential spreading to new regions was suggested by the appearance of canine vl among foxhounds in the us. although the sand fly vectors in the major foci of transmission have been described, no information exists on other sand flies that could propagate the infection outside endemic areas. we evaluated the capacity of lu ... | 2002 | 12002643 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in northern argentina. | phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) were captured in an area of argentina endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). a total of 44,944 flies were collected during a 130-wk interepidemic period from 1990 through 1993. these sand flies included lutzomyia neivai (pinto) (97.8%), lutzomyia migonei (franca) (1.2%), lutzomyia cortelezzii (brèthes) (0.8%), lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) (0.1%), and lutzomyia punctigeniculata (floch and abonnenc) (0.1%). lutzomyia neivai was more abundant ... | 2004 | 14989343 |
| evolutionary dynamics of wau-like wolbachia variants in neotropical drosophila spp. | wolbachia bacteria are common intracellular symbionts of arthropods and have been extensively studied in drosophila. most research focuses on two old word hosts, drosophila melanogaster and drosophila simulans, and does not take into account that some of the wolbachia associations in these species may have evolved only after their fast global expansion and after the exposure to wolbachia of previously isolated habitats. here we looked at wolbachia of neotropical drosophila species. seventy-one l ... | 2006 | 16391124 |
| data on sand fly fauna (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in itatiaia national park, rio de janeiro state, brazil. | the sand fly fauna in itatiaia national park, rio de janeiro, brazil, was investigated in different habitats ranging from sylvatic areas to those altered by human activity related to ecotourism, specifically identifying species that have been suggested as potential leishmaniasis vectors. sand flies were captured from june 2002 to march 2004, using cdc light traps and shannon traps. a total of 1,256 sand fly specimens were captured, from species belonging to genera lutzomyia and brumptomyia: brum ... | 2007 | 17334585 |
| [preliminary study on feeding preference of nyssomyia neivai (pinto) and nyssomyia whitmani (antunes & coutinho) (diptera: psychodidae) in a rural area of the state of paraná, south brazil]. | due to the importance of sandflies in the american cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemiology, we investigated the feeding preference of sandflies related to domestic animals common in domiciliary environments in endemic rural areas, where this disease occurs. the sandflies were collected with falcão light traps, installed in cages, each one containing one domestic animal kind (pig, dog, rabbit or chicken), in recanto marista, in doutor camargo municipality. forty five collections were made, totaling ... | 2007 | 18246272 |
| urban distribution of phlebotominae in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus, argentina. | urbanization and vector domestication are currently proposed as factors that contributed to the recent increase of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). is likely also urban transmission? oran is the main city in the argentinean hyper-endemic area of acl, and human cases in urban residences are usually reported. in order to assess the spatial distribution of risk, phlebotomine traps were located in different environments of oran. a total of 7,787 sand flies were captured: lutzomyia neivai (98. ... | 2008 | 18545855 |
| habitat analysis of north american sand flies near veterans returning from leishmania-endemic war zones. | nearly 1300 cases of leishmaniasis have been identified in american military personnel deployed to iraq and afghanistan. the symptoms of this disease can range from a mild, self-limiting cutaneous infection to a deadly visceral infection and are not prevented by chemoprophylaxis or immunization. effective treatments, however, are available. the disease-causing parasite is spread through the bite of the female sand fly. although the disease occurs in both the old world and the new world, the para ... | 2008 | 19094218 |
| disseminated leishmania infantum infection in two sibling foxhounds due to possible vertical transmission. | two sibling foxhounds born to a leishmania seropositive bitch were presented after testing seropositive for leishmania. leishmania infantum infection was detected via histopathology, culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr). this is the first report of natural infection with leishmania infantum with the possibility for vertical transmission in north america. | 2008 | 19119370 |
| using biotic interaction networks for prediction in biodiversity and emerging diseases. | networks offer a powerful tool for understanding and visualizing inter-species ecological and evolutionary interactions. previously considered examples, such as trophic networks, are just representations of experimentally observed direct interactions. however, species interactions are so rich and complex it is not feasible to directly observe more than a small fraction. in this paper, using data mining techniques, we show how potential interactions can be inferred from geographic data, rather th ... | 2009 | 19478956 |
| new means of canine leishmaniasis transmission in north america: the possibility of transmission to humans still unknown. | at present it is not possible to determine in advance the outcome of leishmania infantum infection. canine visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by le. infantum, is a natural disease process which offers a insight into the interaction of the host and resultant disease outcome. canine vl results in the same altered pathophysiology and immunodysregulation seen in humans. vl in us dogs is likely to be transmitted primarily via nontraditional, nonvector means. vl mediated by le. infantum is endemic in ... | 2009 | 19753139 |
| phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of an american cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the municipality of bela vista, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil, and the absence of information on its vectors in this area led the authors to undertake captures of phlebotomine sand flies, using shannon traps and automatic cdc light traps, in domiciles, forested areas and animal shelters from february 2004-january 2006. a total of 808 specimens belonging to 18 sandfly species have ... | 2009 | 19820827 |
| canine leishmaniasis in north america: emerging or newly recognized? | canine leishmaniasis is a fatal zoonotic visceralizing disease usually associated with tropical areas. the etiologic agent is an obligate intracellular protozoan, leishmania infantum. in 1999, an outbreak of a canine leishmaniasis was reported in a foxhound kennel in new york, and since that report, several other outbreaks have occurred across the united states in additional foxhound kennels. because of the high mortality and transmissibility associated with these outbreaks, it is essential that ... | 2009 | 19932363 |
| leishmaniasis, an emerging disease found in companion animals in the united states. | this review discusses leishmaniasis in cats and dogs in the united states. leishmaniasis is endemic in foxhound populations in the united states and is still being characterized in this group. pathophysiology, clinical signs, transmission, immunology, and treatment are examined in this review. leishmaniasis is an emergent zoonosis of great public health significance. | 2009 | 19945086 |
| species diversity and relative abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) on three army installations in the southern united states and susceptibility of a domestic sand fly to infection with old world leishmania major. | leishmania infections in american veterans of iraq and afghanistan have raised concern that veterans could serve as reservoirs of old world parasites for domestic vector populations. a survey of sand flies on three u.s. army facilities in the southern united states was conducted to identify potential vectors. five species, including two new state records, are reported for fort hood, tx. very few flies were detected in fort bragg, nc. large numbers of a man-biting species, lutzomyia shannoni, wer ... | 2009 | 19960830 |
| phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) of the province of chaco, argentina. | the phlebotomine sandflies of the province of chaco, argentina, are poorly known, with reports from more than 40 years or captures related with outbreaks of leishmaniasis. in here, mycropygomyia peresi (mangabeira) is reported for the first time in argentina, extending the known dstribution of migonemyia migonei (frança), evandromyia sallesi (galvão & coutinho), mycropygomyia quinquefer (dyar), brumptomyia brumpti (larousse) y nemapalpus spp to the province of chaco. mg. migonei, together with n ... | 2010 | 20498971 |
| incrimination of four sandfly species previously unrecognized as vectors of leishmania parasites in mexico. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic to the yucatan peninsula of mexico. the main causative agent is the parasite leishmania mexicana (biagi) (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) and, based on the classic work of dr biagi's research team, it has been generally accepted and frequently reported that the only vector of l. mexicana in the region is the sandfly lutzomyia olmeca olmeca (vargas & diáz-nájera) (diptera: psychodidae). evidence gathered from recent entomological studies conducted mainly ... | 2010 | 20604861 |
| insecticidal potency of novel compounds on multiple insect species of medical and veterinary importance. | vector-borne diseases continue to present significant threats to human, animal and plant health. mosquitoes, houseflies, sand flies and stable flies are well-known vectors of several human and animal pathogens. the toxicity of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity was determined against these insect species with the aim of developing novel insecticides toxic to multiple insect species. | 2010 | 20872825 |
| apparent disappearance of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from ossabaw island, georgia. | abstract ossabaw island, georgia, is the only reported endemic focus of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) in the united states. based on recent negative serologic results of white-tailed deer and feral swine and the failure to isolate vsnjv from lutzomyia shannoni, it appears that vsnjv is no longer present at this site. this apparent disappearance does not appear to be related to a change in l. shannoni habitat, specifically to the density of tree holes in the maritime and mixed har ... | 2010 | 20954866 |
| sand fly captures with disney traps in area of occurrence of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the state of mato grosso do sul, mid-western brazil. | the work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) and aspects of american cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of bela vista, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | 2010 | 21085855 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a primary forest-crop interface, salta, argentina. | disordered urbanization and deforestation are the main activities proposed as causal factors of re-emergence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. the purpose of this work was to investigate, in the hyperendemic area of argentina, the distribution of phlebotomine sand flies at the modified primary vegetation-crop interface, as one of the potential sites where the effects of changing landscape on sand fly populations may be manifested. twenty samplings were made b ... | 2010 | 21175047 |
| colonization of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) utilizing an artificial blood feeding technique. | laboratory colonization of hematophagous insects must include an efficient method of blood feeding, preferably by artificial means. strict rules for obtaining animal use permits, extensive animal maintenance costs, and indirect anesthesia effects on animal health warrant the development of an artificial membrane feeding technique for sand fly colonization in laboratories. an attempt was made to colonize lutzomyia shannoni using an artificial blood feeding membrane to replace the use of live anim ... | 2010 | 21175933 |
| circadian activity of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) during late season population peaks. | the phlebotomine sand fly, lutzomyia shannoni (dyar), is considered both zoophillic and anthropophillic and may be a potential vector of human and livestock pathogens. while the known range of this species in north america has recently been expanded, many aspects of its natural history, which are fundamental components for assessments of disease risk or development of integrated pest management programs for the vector, remain unclear. one is the time of day when individuals are active and search ... | 2010 | 21290942 |
| rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern europe. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. the early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to high ... | 2012 | 22219660 |
| investigation of habitat effects on the spatial distribution of lutzomyia shannoni across heterogeneous environments, with note of respective mosquito species compositions. | sand flies are small blood feeding dipterans that are primary vectors of numerous human and livestock pathogens. control efforts are often complex and multidimensional. a fundamental step in the development and implementation of any integrated pest management (ipm) program is the refining of effective surveillance and identification techniques. before this study, the presence of two species, lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) and lutzomyia vexator (coquillett) became known in kentucky and surrounding sta ... | 2011 | 22238868 |
| update on canine and feline blood donor screening for blood-borne pathogens. | an update on the 2005 american college of veterinary internal medicine (acvim) consensus statement on blood donor infectious disease screening was presented at the 2015 acvim forum in indianapolis, indiana, followed by panel and audience discussion. the updated consensus statement is presented below. the consensus statement aims to provide guidance on appropriate blood-borne pathogen testing for canine and feline blood donors in north america. | 2016 | 26806261 |
| dna barcoding for the identification of sand fly species (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in colombia. | sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. approximately 163 species of sand flies have been reported in colombia. surveillance of the presence of sand fly species and the actualization of species distribution are important for predicting risks for and monitoring the expansion of diseases which sand flies can transmit. currently, the identification of phlebotomine sand flies is based on morpho ... | 2014 | 24454877 |
| proceedings of the ix international symposium on phlebotomine sandflies (isops ix), reims, france, june 28th-july 1st, 2016. | | 2016 | 27677701 |
| diversity and distribution of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a military area in the state of amazonas, brazil. | this study reports the distribution, ecotopes and fauna diversity of sandflies captured in five training bases on a military reserve in manaus, state of amazonas (am). a total of 10,762 specimens were collected, which were distributed among 58 species, with the highest number recorded at base instruction 1 (bi1). a higher rate of species richness was found at the base instruction boina rajada and low levels of diversity associated with a high abundance index with the clear dominance of lutzomyia ... | 0 | 23903983 |
| ecological aspects and molecular detection of leishmania dna ross (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the middle solimões region, amazonas state, brazil. | phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. this work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland amazonian forest), both located in tefé municipality, amazonas state, braziland to detect leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. | 2015 | 25889808 |
| sand-fly saliva-leishmania-man: the trigger trio. | leishmaniases are worldwide diseases transmitted to the vertebrate host by the bite of an infected sand-fly. sand-fly biting and parasite inoculation are accompanied by the injection of salivary molecules, whose immunomodulatory properties are actively being studied. this mini review focuses on how the interactions between sand-fly saliva and the immune system may shape the outcome of infection, given its immunomodulatory properties, in experimental models and in the endemic area. additionally, ... | 2013 | 24312093 |
| current and future niche of north and central american sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in climate change scenarios. | ecological niche models are useful tools to infer potential spatial and temporal distributions in vector species and to measure epidemiological risk for infectious diseases such as the leishmaniases. the ecological niche of 28 north and central american sand fly species, including those with epidemiological relevance, can be used to analyze the vector's ecology and its association with transmission risk, and plan integrated regional vector surveillance and control programs. in this study, we mod ... | 2013 | 24069478 |
| techniques to improve the maintenance of a laboratory colony of nyssomyia neivai (diptera: psychodidae). | the most critical phase in sand fly colonization is the high mortality in the larval instars. in this study, we sought out strategies for improving the colonization of nyssomyia neivai, one of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in south america. | 2015 | 26276040 |
| geographic distribution of phlebotomine sandfly species (diptera: psychodidae) in central-west brazil. | this study updates the geographic distributions of phlebotomine species in central-west brazil and analyses the climatic factors associated with their occurrence. the data were obtained from the entomology services of the state departments of health in central-west brazil, scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1962-2014. ecological niche models were produced for sandfly species with more than 20 occurrences using the maxent algorithm and eight climate variables. in all, ... | 2015 | 26018450 |
| first report of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in kansas and missouri, and a pcr method to distinguish lutzomyia shannoni from lutzomyia vexator. | sand flies lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (dyar) and lu. (helcocyrtomyia) vexator (coquillet) were collected for the first time in southwest missouri and southeast kansas, expanding the known range of these species in north america. altogether, 680 sand flies (356 males and 324 females) were collected during trapping from may through october 2011 and identified using morphological characters. of the total sand flies collected, 315 were identified as lu. shannoni, with 181 individuals (or 26.6 ... | 0 | 23270176 |
| the biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors. | vector control remains a key component of many anti-leishmaniasis programs and probably will remain so until an effective vaccine becomes available. technologies similar to those used for control of adult mosquitoes, specifically interior residual sprays and insecticide-treated nets, are currently at the forefront as disease control measures. this article provides a review of literature on the biology and control of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis in the context of changing disease risks and t ... | 0 | 20606968 |
| the sandfly fauna, anthropophily and the seasonal activities of pintomyia spinicrassa (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern colombia. | this study was conducted to identify the sandfly fauna and the anthropophilic species in a coffee-growing area of villanueva, norte de santander, colombia, a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis, and to analyse the relationship between the most frequent species and rainfall, relative humidity and temperature, with the aim of contributing to epidemiological surveillance in the area. sandfly collections were performed fortnightly between february 2006-september 2007 using automatic light trap ... | 0 | 23778653 |
| taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: a retrospective study. | leishmaniases are tropical zoonotic diseases, caused by kinetoplastid parasites from the genus leishmania. new world (nw) species are related to sylvatic cycles although urbanization processes have been reported in some south american countries such as colombia. currently, few studies show the relative distribution of leishmania species related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in south america due to the lack of accurate surveillance and public health systems. herein, we conducted a systematic es ... | 2016 | 27328969 |
| dna barcoding of neotropical sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae): species identification and discovery within brazil. | dna barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. here, we used dna barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of brazilian sand flies. dna barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23-19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. ... | 2015 | 26506007 |
| spatial distribution of sand fly vectors and eco-epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in colombia. | leishmania is transmitted by phlebotominae insects that maintain the enzootic cycle by circulating between sylvatic and domestic mammals; humans enter the cycles as accidental hosts due to the vector's search for blood source. in colombia, leishmaniasis is an endemic disease and 95% of all cases are cutaneous (cl), these cases have been reported in several regions of the country where the intervention of sylvatic areas by the introduction of agriculture seem to have an impact on the rearrangemen ... | 2015 | 26431546 |
| sandflies in an urban area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in midwest brazil. | the phlebotomine fauna of campo grande city, capital of mato grosso do sul state in brazil, an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, has been thoroughly investigated, but all the insect collections were undertaken with automatic light traps. the present study sought to investigate the fauna in this city using shannon and disney traps, having human beings and hamsters, respectively, as bait. both types of traps were installed in forest fragment and peridomiciliary areas in the period from 2007 ... | 2016 | 27593433 |
| leishmania amazonensis dna in wild females of lutzomyia cruzi (diptera: psychodidae) in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | studies on natural infection by leishmania spp of sandflies collected in endemic and nonendemic areas can provide important information on the distribution and intensity of the transmission of these parasites. this study sought to investigate the natural infection by leishmaniain wild female sandflies. the specimens were caught in the city of corumbá, state of mato grosso do sul (brazil) between october 2012-march 2014, and dissected to investigate flagellates and/or submitted to molecular analy ... | 2015 | 26602870 |
| evaluation of light-emitting diodes as attractant for sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in northeastern brazil. | hoover pugedo light traps were modified for use with green and blue-light-emitting diodes to trap phlebotomine sandflies in northeastern brazil. a total of 2,267 specimens belonging to eight genera and 15 species were sampled. the predominant species were nyssomyia whitmani(34.41%) and micropygomyia echinatopharynx(17.25%).the green led trap prevailed over the blue and control lights; however, no statistically significant difference could be detected among the three light sources. even without s ... | 0 | 26517661 |
| the phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of guaraí, state of tocantins, with an emphasis on the putative vectors of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural settlement and periurban areas. | phlebotomine sandflies were captured in rural settlement and periurban areas of the municipality of guaraí in the state of tocantins (to), an endemic area of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). forty-three phlebotomine species were identified, nine of which have already been recognised as acl vectors. eleven species were recorded for the first time in to. nyssomyia whitmani was the most abundant species, followed by evandromyia bourrouli, nyssomyia antunesi and psychodopygus complexus. the s ... | 0 | 23903972 |
| sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae), vectors of leishmania protozoa, at an atlantic forest conservation unit in the municipality of nísia floresta, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | sand flies are insect vectors of protozoa from the genus leishmania, causative parasites of visceral and american tegumentary leishmaniases. the present study discusses the bioecological aspects of sand fly species, transmitters of leishmania protozoa, in different ecotopes of an atlantic forest conservation unit located in the metropolitan region of natal, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | 2016 | 26864023 |
| phenotypic and genotypic variations among three allopatric populations of lutzomyia umbratilis, main vector of leishmania guyanensis. | in south america, lutzomyia umbratilis is the main vector of leishmania guyanensis, one of the species involved in the transmission of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. in brazil, l. umbratilis has been recorded in the amazon region, and in the state of pernambuco, northeastern region, where an isolated population has been identified. this study assessed the phylogeographic structure and size and shape differences of the wing of three brazilian populations. | 2015 | 26338469 |
| comparison of the phlebotomine (diptera: psychodidae) fauna of urban, transitional, and wild areas in northern minas gerais, brazil. | phlebotomines are directly related to the study of leishmaniases, and so the study of their distribution plays an important role in the epidemiology of these diseases. collections of phlebotomines were made with the intent of comparing the distribution, richness, diversity, and abundance of species in three distinct environments in an area endemic for tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in minas gerais state, brazil. | 2015 | 26286135 |
| phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an area of fishing tourism in central-western brazil. | the aim of this study was to identify behavioral aspects of the sandfly fauna of a fishing tourism area in the municipality of bonito (ms). monthly captures were undertaken from december 2009 to november 2010, using automatic cdc type light traps, from 18h00 to 06h00, in a forested area, a savannah area, peridomiciles and animal shelters near peridomiciliary areas. nyssomyia whitmani was the most frequent out of a total of 6,699 specimens collected, belonging to 16 species, followed by psathyrom ... | 0 | 26200964 |
| spatial distribution and environmental factors associated to phlebotomine fauna in a border area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in mato grosso do sul, brazil. | mato grosso do sul has been undergoing a process of urbanization which results in loss of native vegetation. this withdrawal makes vectors of man and domestic animals closer, causing changes in the epidemiology of diseases such as american visceral leishmaniasis. the aim of the study was to evaluate the phlebotomine fauna and environmental issues related to the transmission of avl in ponta porã, mato grosso do sul, between 2009 and 2010. | 2014 | 24898032 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in aquidauana municipality, pantanal of mato grosso do sul , brazil. | the aquidauana municipality is considered an endemic area of leishmaniasis and an important tourist site in mato grosso do sul state. the aim of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna in the city of aquidauana. captures were carried out twice a month, from april 2012 to march 2014 with automatic light traps and active aspiration, in the peridomicile and domicile of six residences. a total of 9,338 specimens were collected, 3,179 and 6,159 using light traps and active aspiration, respec ... | 2016 | 27982353 |
| epidemiology of american tegumentary leishmaniasis and trypanosoma cruzi infection in the northwestern argentina. | background. endemic areas of tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) in salta, argentina, present some overlap zones with the geographical distribution of chagas disease, with mixed infection cases being often detected. objectives. the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of leishmania sp. infection and potential associated risk factors, the serologic prevalence of t. cruzi, and the presence of t. cruzi-leishmania sp. mixed infection in a region of the northwest of argentina. methods. cro ... | 2016 | 27777950 |
| a laboratory evaluation of alcohols as attractants for the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae). | the potential attraction from 1-octen-3-ol for sandflies has been documented; however, studies using other primary alcohols are limited. | 2014 | 24502386 |
| a mother's gift: congenital transmission of trypanosoma and leishmania species. | | 2016 | 26821216 |
| hemi-nested pcr and rflp methodologies for identifying blood meals of the chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans. | trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of chagas disease, is transmitted by hematophagous reduviid bugs within the subfamily triatominae. these vectors take blood meals from a wide range of hosts, and their feeding behaviors have been used to investigate the ecology and epidemiology of t. cruzi. in this study we describe two pcr-based methodologies that amplify a fragment of the 16s mitochondrial rdna, aimed to improve the identification of blood meal sources for triatoma infestans: a.--sequence ... | 2013 | 24040328 |
| autochthonous leishmania siamensis in horse, florida, usa. | | 0 | 22932732 |
| assessing the importance of four sandfly species (diptera: psychodidae) as vectors of leishmania mexicana in campeche, mexico. | localized cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a public health problem in many areas of mexico, especially in the yucatan peninsula. an understanding of vector ecology and bionomics is of great importance in evaluations of the transmission dynamics of leishmania parasites. a field study was conducted in the county of calakmul, state of campeche, during the period from november 2006 to march 2007. phlebotomine sandfly vectors were sampled using centers for disease control light traps, baited disney ... | 2016 | 27040367 |
| rapid identification of mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes by single strand conformation polymorphism in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) populations. | newly designed primers amplified a 365-bp fragment including the 3' end of mitochondrial cytochromeb (cyt b). field collected specimens of the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), from two brazil locations provided test dna. the primers, based on consensus sequences from a taxonomic spectrum of arthropods, have also amplified dna successfully from lutzomyia shannoni dyar, lutzomyia cruzi (mangabeira), and the mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse). single strand conformation polymorphism ... | 2002 | 12144306 |
| efficacy of three attractant blends tested in combination with carbon dioxide against natural populations of mosquitoes and biting flies at the lower suwannee wildlife refuge. | synthetic blends of chemicals identified previously from human skin emanations were evaluated against mosquito and biting fly populations at the lower suwannee wildlife refuge near cedar key, fl. mosquito magnet-experimental traps were baited with the red (400 ml acetone: 10 ml 1-hexen-3-ol:10 ml 1-octen-3-ol), blue (400 ml acetone: 1 g/liter lactic acid:20 ml glycolic acid), or green blend (400 ml acetone:1.5 g/liter lactic acid:20 ml dimethyl disulfide) plus co2 or with co2 alone (control). a ... | 2012 | 22894125 |
| evidence for anthropophily in five species of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from northern colombia, revealed by molecular identification of bloodmeals. | identification of the bloodmeal sources of phlebotomine sand flies is fundamental to determining which species are anthropophilic and understanding the transmission of leishmania parasites in natural epidemiological settings. the objective of this study was to identify sand fly bloodmeals in the mixed leishmaniasis focus of the department of sucre, northern colombia. in all 141 engorged female sand flies were analyzed, after being captured in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliar ... | 2016 | 26464046 |
| ecological interactions among phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) in an agroforestry environment of northeast brazil. | phlebotomine vectors transmit parasites and can cause visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or cutaneous leishmaniasis (tl). phlebotomine females are hematophagous but need to ingest carbohydrates, possibly promoting the development of protozoan parasites in their digestive tract. the present study evaluated the species composition and abundance across several habitats in a metropolitan landscape, as well as associations among phlebotomines, plants, and local climatic parameters. three consecutive monthly ... | 2013 | 24581360 |
| on the synonyms of psathyromyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (dyar, 1929) and pa. bigeniculata (floch & abonnenc, 1941) and the resuscitation of pa. pifanoi (ortiz, 1972) with the description of its female (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | psathyromyia shannoni until recently presented several taxa: phlebotomus limai, ph. bigeniculatus, ph. pifanoi, and ph. microcephalus as its junior synonyms. in a previous study, the two former synonyms were resurrected and here a revision based on morphological characters of the taxonomic status of ph. microcephalus and ph. pifanoi is presented. psathyromyia pifanoi stat rev; comb n: is resurrected from the synonymy of pa. shannoni and its female is described. phlebotomus microcephalus is remov ... | 2016 | 27358041 |
| description of psathyromyia (psathyromyia) baratai sp. n. (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) from cantareira state park, são paulo, brazil. | the shannoni complex consists of a group of sand fly species included in the subgenus psathyromyia (psathyromyia) barretto, 1962, in which the females have banana-shaped spermathecae and the males have terminalia with digitiform parameres. the species included in the complex present morphological similarity, mainly among the females, and the males contribute most clearly to species differentiation. we describe a newspecies in the shannoni complex, psathyromyia baratai sp. n., on the basis of mor ... | 2016 | 26590192 |
| assessment of the taxonomic status of some species included in the shannoni complex, with the description of a new species of psathyromyia (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | the shannoni complex, comprising sand flies belonging to the subgenus psathyromyia (psathyromyia) barretto, consists of several species, of which the females have banana-shaped spermathecae and the males have digitiform parameres on the terminalia. among these species, psathyromyia shannoni (dyar) and two taxa considered as its junior synonyms (phlebotomus limai fonseca and phlebotomus bigeniculatus floch & abonnenc), psathyromyia pestanai (barretto & coutinho), and a new species are the focus o ... | 2014 | 24724281 |
| ecology of phlebotomine sandflies and putative reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in a border area in northeastern mexico: implications for the risk of transmission of leishmania mexicana in mexico and the usa. | leishmaniases are a group of important diseases transmitted to humans through the bite of sandfly vectors. several forms of leishmaniases are endemic in mexico and especially in the southeast region. in the northeastern region, however, there have only been isolated reports of cases and scanty records of sandfly vectors. the main objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of sandflies and potential reservoir hosts of leishmania spp. in the states of nuevo león and tamaulipas. species r ... | 2017 | 28825400 |
| spatial population dynamics and temporal analysis of the distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in the city of clorinda, formosa, argentina. | lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector for the causal agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), has extended its distribution in the southern cone in the americas. the first urban record of lu. longipalpis in argentina was from the city of clorinda in 2004. the aim of this study was to analyse the monthly distribution and abundance of lu. longipalpis and to evaluate its association with environmental and climatic variables in clorinda city, province of formosa. | 2017 | 28743283 |
| the seasonal abundance of phlebotomine sand flies, lutzomyia species in florida. | the seasonality of phlebotomine sand flies was studied in florida, utilizing colored light-emitting diode- and attractant-baited mosquito magnet mm-x traps from september 2006 to september 2008 at san felasco hammock preserve state park, gainesville, fl. a total of 6,278 sand flies were collected from 314 actual nights and 1,692 total trap-nights, yielding 3.7 sand flies per trap-night. lutzomyia shannoni was the predominant species, constituting 55% to 80% of the total sand fly populations coll ... | 2010 | 20402345 |
| lutzomyia spp. (diptera: psychodidae) response to olfactory attractant- and light emitting diode-modified mosquito magnet x (mm-x) traps. | mosquito magnet-x traps were modified for use with blue, green, red, and blue-green-red light-emitting diodes and olfactory attractants to determine the response of lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) and lutzomyia vexator (coquillett) (diptera: psychodidae) field populations to these attractants. red and blue-green-red-baited traps captured the highest numbers of lu. shannoni and lu. vexator, respectively, although, there were no significant differences between the colors. baiting the traps with co, attr ... | 2009 | 19769036 |
| new state records for lutzomyia shannoni and lutzomyia vexator. | two species of phlebotomine sand flies, lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) and lutzomyia vexator (coquillett), are reported for the first time from kentucky and ohio. l. vexator also is reported for the first time from tennessee. these insects were found in a northeasterly band extending from southwestern kentucky to southwestern ohio. both species were consistently captured from mid-july through september in 2006 and 2007 by using co2-baited center for disease control light traps. weekly sampling reveal ... | 2009 | 19645303 |
| new records of lutzomyia shannoni and lutzomyia vexator (diptera: psychodidae) in eastern tennessee. | | 2008 | 19263861 |
| divergence of lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) is indicated by morphometric and molecular analyses when examined between taxa from the southeastern united states and southern mexico. | the medically important sand fly lutzomyia shannoni (dyar 1929) was collected at eight different sites: seven within the southeastern united states and one in the state of quintana roo, mexico. a canonical discriminant analysis was conducted on 40 female l. shannoni specimens from each of the eight collection sites (n = 320) using 49 morphological characters. four l. shannoni specimens from each of the eight collection sites (n = 32) were sent to the barcode of life data systems where a 654-base ... | 2013 | 24843939 |
| first collection records of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from new jersey. | the phlebotomine sand flies lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (dyar) and lutzomyia (helcocyrtomyia) vexator (coquillett) are reported for the first time from new jersey. both species were collected from ultraviolet co2-baited centers for disease control light traps during a state-wide phlebotomine survey conducted in 2007 and 2008. l. shannoni has previously been reported from new jersey; however, this observation was made in error. these collections do not represent a northern range expansion f ... | 2011 | 21485392 |
| morphometric and molecular analyses of the sand fly species lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) collected from seven different geographical areas in the southeastern united states. | a morphometric and molecular study of adult male and female lutzomyia shannoni (dyar 1929) collected at seven different locations within the southeastern united states was conducted to assess the degree of divergence between the grouped specimens from each location. the collection locations were as follows: fort bragg, nc; fort campbell, ky; fort rucker, al; ossabaw island, ga; patuxent national wildlife research refuge, md; suwannee national wildlife refuge, fl; and baton rouge, la. forty males ... | 2011 | 21485350 |
| population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) at the patuxent national wildlife research refuge, maryland. | the seasonal abundance and temporal patterns of the adult sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni dyar) were examined at the patuxent national wildlife research refuge, md, from august 3, 2005, to july 29, 2006. a total of 138 (53 males, 85 females) l. shannoni was collected from 4 dry ice-baited traps set at the same 4 locations throughout the study. the male:female ratio was 1:2.4. all 4 traps, separated by a maximum distance of approximately 1.6 km, operated simultaneously on the collection dates. the c ... | 2010 | 21033063 |
| morphological anomalies in two lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) specimens collected from fort rucker, alabama, and fort campbell, kentucky. | this report describes two male specimens of the sand fly species lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) collected at fort rucker, al, and fort campbell, ky, in dry ice-baited light traps during september 2005. the specimens were observed to have anomalies to the number of spines on the gonostyli. the taxonomic keys of young and perkins (mosq. news 44: 263-285; 1984) use the number of spines on the gonostylus in the first couplet to differentiate two major groupings of no ... | 2010 | 20939394 |
| brain cell karyotype of the phlebotomine sand fly lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) (diptera: psychodidae). | the brain cell karyotype of new world sand fly lutzomyia shannoni was described. this species has four pairs of chromosomes, 2n=8, with one pair of heteromorphic chromosomes. | 2001 | 11313647 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sand fly genotypes (lutzomyia shannoni, diptera: psychodidae) across a highly heterogeneous landscape. | genetic variability of eight colombian field populations and two laboratory colonies of a tropical forest sand fly, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, was assessed by comparing allozyme frequencies at 20 enzyme loci. substantial genetic variability was noted in all strains, with mean heterozygosities of 13-21% and alleles per locus of 2.0-2.8. four loci were monomorphic. six populations in north and central colombia showed close genetic similarity (nei's distances, 0.01-0.09), despite mountainous environm ... | 2001 | 11296833 |
| genetic variability among populations of lutzomyia (psathyromyia) shannoni (dyar 1929) (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in colombia. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to elucidate genetic variation at 13 isozyme loci among forest populations of lutzomyia shannoni from three widely separated locations in colombia: palambí (nariño department), cimitarra (santander department) and chinácota (norte de santander department). these samples were compared with a laboratory colony originating from the magdalena valley in central colombia. the mean heterozygosity ranged from 16 to 22%, with 2.1 to 2.6 alleles detected per loc ... | 2001 | 11285496 |
| reproductive biology of lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) (diptera: psychodidae) under experimental conditions. | baseline biological growth data of lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) were compared under two experimental conditions within insulated styrofoam chests and in standard laboratory incubators. the developmental time from egg to adult was 67 and 52 days, respectively. based on cohorts of 100 females in each experiment, horizontal life tables were constructed. the following predictive parameters were obtained under each of the two conditions: net rate of reproduction (23.5 and 18.0 females per cohort female) ... | 1999 | 10672545 |
| life cycle and fecundity analysis of lutzomyia shannoni (dyar) (diptera: psychodidae). | the life cycle of lutzomyia shannoni (dyar), was described for laboratory conditions with maximum daily temperature of 27-30 degree c, minimum daily temperatures of 22-27 degree c and relative humidity between 87-99%. life cycle in each stage was as follows: egg 6-12 days (ave, 8.5 days); first stage larva 5-13 days (ave. 9.6 days); second stage larva 4-13 days (ave. 9.2 days); third stage larva 5-19 days (ave. 11.8 days); fourth stage larva 7-37 days (ave. 19.9 days); pupa 7-32 days (ave. 15.2 ... | 2007 | 9698892 |
| sandfly distribution and abundance in a tropical rain forest. | 1. the distribution patterns of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) upon tree buttresses were studied in tropical rain forest at finca la selva in the caribbean lowlands of costa rica. 2. four species of sandfly, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, l. trapidoi f. & h., l. ylephiletor f. & h. and l. vespertilionis f. & h. comprising 97% of those caught, used tree buttresses as diurnal resting sites. their distribution on the buttresses was aggregated. 3. during the dry season tree species had no significant ef ... | 1991 | 1773118 |