| nematicidal injection: targeted control of plant-parasitic nematodes of trees and vines. | pressurized injection of nematicidal solutions was effective for control of nematodes within trees and vines. significant (p = 0.01) control of pratylenchus vulnus on grape was attained with four nonfumigants (carbofuran, oxamyl, phenamiphos, and sulfocarb) and one fumigant nematicide (dbcp). pratylenchus penetrans was controlled (p = 0.05 and 0.1) in apples and walnuts with sulfocarh and oxamyl. this species also was controlled in apples with carbofuran and phenamiphos. the advantages of pressu ... | 1977 | 19305613 |
| effects of pratylenchus vulnus on the growth of sour orange. | pratylenchus vulnus suppressed the growth of sour orange seedlings in greenhouse experiments. growth retardation (in height, in trunk diameter, and in dry top and root weights) was observed in inoculated plants growing in two soil types. population density, 13 months after inoculation, averaged more than 1,000 specimens/gm of fresh root. anatomical studies showed that p. vulnus prefers to attack the cortex and causes cavities among the cortical cells. | 1977 | 19305583 |
| observations on the host-parasite relationship of pratylenchus vulnus on grapevine, vitis vinifera. | | 1977 | 19305574 |
| behavioral effects of carbofuran and phenamiphos on pratylenchus vulnus. iii. penetration and development. | penetration of bean roots by pratylenchus vulnus was inhibited by continuous exposure of the nematode to carbofuran and phenamiphos and by drenches of higher concentrations of these chemicals. the inhibition was explicable by inhibition of motility, dispersion, and attraction. if incubated in aerated distilled water, nematodes treated with carbofuran and phenamiphos recovered and reproduced as well as untreated nematodes. foliar treatments were ineffective. apparently, no basipetal transport of ... | 1980 | 19300682 |
| behavioral effects of carbofuran and phenamiphos on pratylenchus vulnus. ii. attraction to bean roots. | pratylenchus vulnus (l, l, adults) are attracted to the roots of growing bean seedlings. the attraction is inhibited by treating the nematodes with solutions of carbofuran or phenamiphos at concentrations below those necessary to inhibit motility and dispersion. nematicide treatments of plants without treatment of nematodes are ineffectual because nematodes are attracted equally well to treated and untreated seedlings. | 1980 | 19300681 |
| behavioral effects of carbofuran and phenamiphos on pratylenchus vulnus. i. motility and dispersion. | the motility and dispersion of pratylenchus vulnus was affected by lower concentrations of phenanliphos (an organophosphate) than of carbofuran (a carbamate). at the higher concentrations in the active ranges, somatic musculature activity was inhibited while the activity of internal-organ muscnlature persisted. treated nematodes recovered when placed in aerated distilled water, but recovery decreased as treatment concentrations increased. second-stage larvae dispersed more slowly than later stag ... | 1980 | 19300680 |
| reactions of grape rootstocks to pratylenchus vulnus and meloidogyne spp. | five grape rootstocks were inoculated with 0, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 pratylenchus vulnus. dogridge and saltcreek supported low average total numbers of p. vulnus, 136-705/pot, at 12 months after inoculation. growth of both rootstocks was not affected. harmony, couderc 1613, and ganzin 1 supported high average total numbers, 6-856 times the inoculum levels. numbers in harmony continued to increase at all levels but reduced root weight only at the 10,000 level after 12 months. numbers in couderc 1 ... | 1984 | 19295896 |
| effect of temperature on reproduction and motility of pratylenchus vulnus. | | 1982 | 19295763 |
| life history of pratylenchus vulnus on carrot discs. | | 1985 | 19294085 |
| predaceous behavior and life history of odontopharynx longicaudata (diplogasterida). | the behavior of a california isolate of the predaceous nematode, odontopharynx longicaudata de man, was studied in water agar culture. when feeding on an acrobeloides sp. the predator completed its life cycle in 13 to 14 days at 25 c. optimum temperature for reproduction of the predator was 25 c, few individuals survived at 10 c, and 30 c was lethal. males were necessary for reproduction, and at 25 c the sex ratio was about 1:1. all postembryonic stages were voracious feeders. a single female pr ... | 1989 | 19287610 |
| influence of four nematodes on root and shoot growth parameters in grape. | two grape cultivars, susceptible french colombard and tolerant rubired, and four nematodes, meloidogyne incognita, pratylenchus vulnus, tylenchulus semipenetrans, and xiphinema index, were used to quantify the equilibrium between root (r) and shoot (s) growth. root and shoot growth of french colombard was retarded by m. incognita, p. vulnus, and x. index but not by t. semipenetrans. although the root growth of rubired was limited by all the nematodes, the shoot growth was limited only by x. inde ... | 1989 | 19287609 |
| population densities of five migratory endoparasitic nematodes in carrot disk cultures. | numbers of nematodes recovered per culture varied greatly among five species cultured on carrot disks. radopholus similis and pratylenchus vulnus showed the highest population densities, with 23,400-fold and 16,600-fold increases, respectively, in 90 days. final populations of p. thornei and zygotytenchus guevarai were similar but lower than those of r. similis and p. vulnus. the population of p. neglectus increased 74 times. species with the greatest reproduction in this study reproduce sexuall ... | 1992 | 19283208 |
| host suitability of eight prunus spp. and one pyrus communis rootstocks to pratylenchus vulnus, p. neglectus, and p. thornei. | the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on rootstocks of eight commonly used prunus spp. and one pyrus communis were evaluated under greenhouse conditions during a 15-month period. in a first experiment, two almonds (moncayo and garrigues), one peach (gf-305), and two peach-almond hybrids (gf-677 and adafuel) inoculated with 2,000 nematodes per plant proved to be good hosts of p. vulnus. highest (p < 0.05) numbers of nematodes per gram of fresh root weight were recovered from adafuel and gf-677. root ... | 1991 | 19283165 |
| survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in missouri cotton fields. | during september 1990, 30 cotton fields in each of three missouri counties were surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. soil samples for nematode analysis consisted of a composite of 20 cores collected in a zig-zag pattern within a 1-ha block in each field. cores were taken from within weed-free cotton rows. nine genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were found (rotylenchulus, helicotylenchus, hoplolaimus, meloidogyne, paratylenchus, pratylenchus, tylenchorhynchus, heterodera, and trichodorus), an ... | 1992 | 19283062 |
| host range of a population of pratylenchus vulnus in commercial fruit, nut, citrus, and grape rootstocks in spain. | in a host-range study carried out under greenhouse conditions, a total of 37 commercial fruit tree, grape, and citrus rootstocks were tested for their reaction to a population of the lesion nematode, pratylenchus vulnus, in spain. twenty-five rootstocks had a pf/pi > 1.5. these included almond (desmayo rojo, 1143), apple (em-9, em-106), avocado (hass), cherry (santa lucia 64, camil, m x m 14, masto de montafiana), grape (41-b, fercal, ritcher 110), hazelnut (pauetet), loquat (nadal), peach (mont ... | 1992 | 19283047 |
| management of plant-parasitic nematodes with a chitin-urea soil amendment and other materials. | field trials were conducted with a chitin-urea soil amendment and several other nematicides on four crop-nematode combinations: tomato-meloidogyne incognita; potato-meloidogyne chitwoodi; walnut-pratylenchus vulnus; and brussels sprouts-heterodera schachtii. significant (p </= 0.10) nematode population reductions were obtained with the chitin-urea soil amendment in the trims on potato and walnut. in the trials on brussels sprouts and on tomato, phytotoxicity occurred at rates of 1,868 and 1,093 ... | 1992 | 19283044 |
| reproductive fitness and random amplified polymorphic dna variation among isolates of pratylenchus vulnus. | the reproductive fitness of seven isolates of pratylenchus vulnus from different geographical areas and hosts was assessed in monoxenic cultures (carrot), and greenhouse cultures (plum, sour orange, and quince). the genetic makeup of the different isolates was compared by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd-pcr). the apple (pvap-s) and apricot (pvat-f) isolates reproduced less in monoxenic cultures than the rose (pvro-s) and walnut (pvwa-a and pvwa-u) isolates. on plum, the rose isolate (pvro ... | 1994 | 19279892 |
| effects of six pratylenchus vulnus isolates on the growth of peach-almond hybrid and apple rootstocks. | the effects of six geographic isolates of pratylenchus vulnus on the growth of gf-677 peach-almond hybrid and m-26 apple rootstocks were determined under greenhouse conditions. plantlets were obtained from micropropagated plant material, and nematode isolates were reared in monoxenic cultures. all isolates suppressed growth on gf-677 compared with the uninfected controls. isolate pvro-s from spain affected top weight of gf-677 more adversely than pvat-f from france. final population densities (p ... | 1993 | 19279851 |
| prunus rootstock evaluation to root-knot and lesion nematodes in spain. | two screening and one resistance verification trial involving 20 prunus rootstocks were conducted under greenhouse conditions against meloidogyne spp. and pratylenchus vulnus. most of the rootstocks were experimental genotypes or new commercial peach and plums of spanish and french origin. nearly all are interspecific hybrid rootstocks. in the first trial, the rootstocks bruce, cadaman, mirac, g x n no. 15, cachirulo x (g x n no. 9), and p. myra x peach were immune or resistant to a mixture of s ... | 1996 | 19277184 |
| assessment of guardian peach rootstock for resistance to two isolates of pratylenchus vulnus. | guardian, lovell, and nemaguard peach rootstocks were evaluated for their susceptibility and growth response to two isolates of pratylenchus vulnus. one nematode isolate was obtained from peach in georgia (p. vulnus [ga-isolate]) and the other from apple in idaho (p. vulnus [id-isolate]). nematode reproduction and pathogenicity as related to rootstock were determined 29 months after inoculation in outdoor microplots. all rootstocks were susceptible to both nematode isolates. guardian supported a ... | 2001 | 19265892 |
| plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: laboratory efficacy, suppression of meloidogyne javanica in soil, and phytotoxicity assays. | extracts of chinese herbal medicines from plants representing 13 families were tested for their ability to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes. effective concentration (ec(50) and ec(90)) levels for 18 of the extracts were determined in laboratory assays with meloidogyne javanica juveniles and all stages of pratylenchus vulnus. efficacy of 17 extracts was tested against m. javanica in soil. generally, ec(50) and ec(90) values determined in the laboratory were useful indicators for application rat ... | 2002 | 19265919 |
| control of pratylenchus vulnus in stone fruit nurseries. | almond, peach and olive nurseries were prepared in sandy soil infested by pratylenchus vulnus in southern italy. soil treatments before or at sowing included methyl bromide at the rate of 40 g/m2; 1.3 d at the rate of 15 ml/m2; dazomet at the rate of 100 g/m2 without plastic tarping, or at the rate of either 100 or 50 g/m2 with tarping, and fenamiphos gr 5 at the rate of 100 g/m2 or 240 cs at the rate of 40 g/m2 as single application; fenamiphos gr 10 and 240 cs were also applied at planting and ... | 2001 | 12425087 |
| influence of pratylenchus vulnus and meloidogyne hapla on the growth of rootstocks of rose. | pratylenchus vulnus is involved in a desease of rosa noisettiana 'manetti' rose rootstock characterized by darkening of roots, death of feeder roots, and stunting of entire plants. the disease is more severe when plants are grown in silt loam soil than when they are grown in sandy loam soil. the nematodes reproduce best in silt loam soil at 20 c. meloidogyne hapla did not affect the growh of manetti. rosa sp. 'dr. huey', manetti, and r. odorata rose rootstocks were found to be goos hosts for p. ... | 1976 | 19308189 |
| effects of density of helicotylenchus dihystera and pratylenchus vulnus on american boxwood growing in microplots. | american boxwood, buxus sempervirens var. globosum, was tolerant of helicotylenchus dihystera [in field microplots] as measures of plant growth were similar to the control and nematode densities were maintained at high levels (1,705-1,810/500 cm(3) soil after 29 months). boxwood was intolerant of pratylenchus vulnus at initial densities of 163, 281, or 475 nematodes per 500 cm(3) soil. in comparisons with those of controls, vigor ratings of boxwood after 14 months were much lower at all densitie ... | 1976 | 19308241 |
| effects of pratylenchus vulnus and xiphinema index singly and combined on vine growth of vitis vinifera. | inoculation of 'thompson seedless' grapevines with 500 xiphinerna index or 1,000 pratylenchus vulnus alone or in combination suppressed vine shoot and root growth under greenhouse conditions. pratytenchus vulnus caused greater stunting of roots than x. index. each nematode species inhibited top growth about equally. concomitant inoculations caused greater stunting of tops and roots than did inoculations of either nematode species alone. differences in growth between inoculated and control plants ... | 1976 | 19308243 |
| culture of the root-lesion nematode pratylenchus vulnus on carrot disks. | | 1973 | 19319337 |
| plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: effects on pratylenchus vulnus and meloidogyne javanica. | more than 500 plant species, used alone or in combination, are documented in chinese traditional medicine to have activity against helminth and micro-invertebrate pests of humans. we subjected 153 candidate medicines or their plant sources to multilevel screening for effectiveness against plant-parasitic nematodes. for extracts effective in preliminary screens, we determined time-course and concentration-response relationships. seventy-three of the aqueous extracts of medicines or their plant so ... | 1999 | 19270895 |
| growth response of peach and plum rootstocks infected with pratylenchus vulnus in microplots. | the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on growth and nutrition of cadaman peach and ishtara and julior plum rootstocks were evaluated in a microplot experiment lasting two growing seasons. cadaman peach was the only rootstock that showed suppressed growth for all growth parameters at the end of the first year. at the end of the second growing season, dry and fresh shoot weights as well as shoot length and root weights of cadaman peach were reduced in nematode-inoculated microplots in comparison to u ... | 1999 | 19270932 |
| interaction between root lesion nematode pratylenchus vulnus and two species of fusarium on growth and development of maple seedlings. | producing healthy seedlings and distributing them to far areas, is one of the most important factor for developing forests. because of easy planting, rapid growth and good wood quality, acer velutinum is the most useful species, among the softwood and hardwood trees. growth and development of the nurseries were effected by different pests and diseases, the nematodes are one of these agents. they are not actively surveyed in the forest nurseries in iran. on a survey of maple seedling in the fores ... | 2002 | 12696440 |
| resistance of grape rootstocks to plant-parasitic nematodes. | candidate grape rootstocks were selected through a rigorous screening program initiated with important sources of resistance to meloidogyne pathotypes and to xiphinema index in muscadinia rotundifolia and vitis species native to north america. based on their rooting capability and horticultural characteristics, 200 candidates were selected from 5,000 progeny of multiple crosses between commercial grape rootstocks and wild grape species that exhibited resistance to nematodes. after a 15-year scre ... | 2012 | 23482972 |