| simultaneous measurements of heart rate and oxygen consumption in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | | 1976 | 9224 |
| effects of cold exposure and dehydration on renal function in black-tailed prairie dogs. | black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) were deprived of food and water for several weeks during the fall and winter in a cold-room hibernaculum (ta 5-8 degrees c), and for several days at room temperature during the summer. body temperatures (tb) were determined periodically in nine animals by radiotransmitters implanted in the abdomen. animals deprived of food and water in the summer were killed when maximum urine concentration was achieved. eight animals in the winter were active whe ... | 1977 | 838653 |
| vocalizations of the black-tailed prairie dog, cynomys ludovicianus. | seven variable vocal displays of cynomys ludovicianus were studied in a captive colony, and checked through limited field work and literature reports. the form of each display makes available information identifying its user. in addition, since each display correlates probabilistically with a consistent set of activities, it makes available information about the behaviour in which the communicator is, or may become, engaged. at least five different kinds of behaviour can be specified through the ... | 1977 | 855948 |
| attenuation of "acute" habituation by scopolamine in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | the hypothesis after scopolamine attenuates habituation occurring within a training session as well as that occurring between training sessions was tested and confirmed. scopolamine injections (.5 mg/kg) reduced spontaneous wheel running in the prairie dog. the same dosage did not affect the threshold for wheen running induced by electrical brain stimulation (ebs). another experiment demonstrated that ebs-induced running declined during a 10-min. stimulation period and indicated that the decline ... | 1975 | 1120807 |
| anatomical evidence for cone and rod-like receptors in the gray squirrel, ground squirrel, and prairie dog retinas. | in the gray squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus), and the mexican and 13-line ground squirrels (citellus mexicanus and c. tridecemlineatus) there exist two distinct classes of photo-receptors that have cone-like and rod-like anatomical features respectively. these two receptor classes were previously known to exist in the gray squirrel, but only the cone-like (c) receptor had been observed in the other species. we have now found small numbers of rod-like (r) re ... | 1975 | 1127139 |
| successive spatial discrimination reversals in the prairie dog. | six prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) were given reversal training on a spatial discrimination reversal task in a wisconsin general test apparatus (wgta). as with many other species, more errors occurred on the first reversal problem than during acquisition of the original discrimination. however, performance improved over training until each s eventually reversed after a single nonreinforced error. initial findings indicate that prairie dogs perform at high levels in discrimination learning e ... | 1975 | 1141876 |
| tolerance in methylphenidate-induced locomotion in prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | after a five-day adaptation period in activity wheels, four prairie dogs were assigned to a methylphenidate group (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and four prairie dogs were assigned to a saline group for ten consecutive daily injections. half-revolutions of locomotor activity were recorded during seven measurement periods taken daily. during the third measurement period, from 1-3 hrs following injection, the methylphenidate group declined in locomotor activity over the first three days of drug administration. | 1976 | 1257361 |
| hematologic and blood chemistry data for the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | 1. the prairie dog has been used extensively for the study of gallstone genesis and gallstone dissolution therapies, and has recently been implicated in an effort to prevent total parenteral nutrition-associated cholelithiasis with intravenous chenodeoxycholate. 2. towards this effort, it is important that a range of normal blood chemistry values be reported for the prairie dog. this paper reports the mean values for a complete blood cell count, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cal ... | 1992 | 1351455 |
| the effects of dietary deprivation on body temperature and oxygen consumption in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | 1. body temperature (tb) and oxygen consumption (vo2) were compared between fed (control), food and water deprived (fwd), and water deprived (wd) black-tailed prairie dogs, in the month of january. 2. mean tb of control black-tailed prairie dogs (36.2 degrees c) was significantly different from fwd (33.4 degrees c) and wd (30.4 degrees c) black-tailed prairie dogs. 3. vo2 was not significantly different between fwd and control black-tailed prairie dogs (4.4 and 4.0 ml o2/kg/hr, respectively), wh ... | 1992 | 1351460 |
| bile salt hydrophobicity controls vesicle secretion rates and transformations in native bile. | after drainage of the bile salt pool, we infused unanesthetized bile fistula prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) intravenously with taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate (tcdc), cholate (tc), ursodeoxycholate (tudc), and ursocholate (tuc) in concentrations that attained greater than 94% enrichment of biliary bile salts. with decreases in bile salt hydrophobicity, maximum steady state lecithin and to a lesser extent cholesterol secretion rates decreased in the rank order, tcdc greater than tc grea ... | 1992 | 1415551 |
| control of oropsylla hirsuta, a plague vector, by treatment of prairie dog burrows with 0.5% permethrin dust. | permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, applied on two plots with a pressurized hand-held duster at mean rates of 2.3 and 4.0 g per burrow, was used to determine control levels for oropsylla hirsuta fleas, a vector of bubonic plague, in black-tail prairie dog, cynomys ludovicianus, burrows in northern colorado during the summer of 1988. burrows were sampled by "flagging" at day 0 and weeks 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 to determine the mean number of fleas per burrow and percentage of burrows with at least o ... | 1992 | 1552524 |
| the prevention of cholelithiasis with infused sodium chenodeoxycholate in the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | 1. this study examines the efficacy of infused sodium chenodeoxycholate to prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in the prairie dog when fed a high cholesterol diet. 2. three experimental groups were designed to examine this. the first group (n = 5) was fed a normal rat chow diet, the second group (n = 5) was fed a high cholesterol diet (0.4% cholesterol by weight), and the third group (n = 5) was fed a high cholesterol diet plus given a daily injection of intravenous sodium chenodeoxycholate ... | 1991 | 1679697 |
| uncoupled basal sodium absorption and chloride secretion in prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) gallbladder. | 1. prairie dog gallbladders mounted in a ussing-type chamber and bathed with symmetrical ringer's solutions exhibited a transepithelial resistance (rt) of 51 +/- 5 omega cm2, a lumen negative potential difference (vms) of 11.5 +/- 0.7 mv and a short-circuit current (isc) of 6.9 +/- 0.3 microeq/hr/cm2. 2. radioisotopic ion flux experiments revealed that the basal isc of 6.9 +/- 0.3 microeq/hr/cm2 was mostly accounted for by net na+ absorption of 3.2 +/- 0.5 microeq/hr/cm2 and net cl- secretion of ... | 1991 | 1685955 |
| the quantitative and qualitative analysis for biliary lipids in the prairie dog cynomys ludovicianus. | 1. the quantitative analysis of biliary lipids has been well characterized, however, there is little data related to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipids and conjugated bile salts for the prairie dog. 2. gallbladder and hepatic bile were collected and the bile salts in each sample were analyzed by first fractionating them into unconjugated, glycoconjugated, and tauroconjugated bile salts. these fractions were further resolved by using hplc techniques. 3. the data has shown ... | 1990 | 2286066 |
| liver glycogen and plasma insulin and glucagon levels in food- and water-deprived black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | 1. liver glycogen levels and plasma levels of insulin and glucagon were measured in fed and in food- and water-deprived prairie dogs. 2. liver glycogen values decreased from 45.5 to 12.4 mg/g (73%) after 21 days of food and water deprivation, while a 24-hr fast resulted in a liver glycogen value of 47.5 mg/g. 3. rat liver glycogen values decreased from 45.6 to 2.3 mg/g (95%) after a 24-hr fast. 4. prairie dog plasma insulin values were 69.2, 15.8 and 25.4 microu/ml in fed, and in 24-hr and 32-da ... | 1987 | 2892610 |
| gross anatomy of the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | the gross anatomy of the liver, extrapetatic biliary tree, sphincter of oddi, and pancreas in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus), a widely used animal model for investigations into biliary physiology, pathophysiology, and pathology, was studied in 10 animals. the liver consists of 4 lobes, the left lateral, median, right lateral, and caudate. the gallbladder lies on the ventral surface of the right lobule of the median lobe. the cystic and hepatic ducts unite to form the common ... | 1988 | 3230868 |
| tissue fluoroacetate residues in prairie dogs dosed with low-level sodium monofluoroacetate. | a total of 83 black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) from south dakota were subjected to low-level treatment with sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) in the laboratory (0.01-0.30 mg 1080/kg). the acute oral median lethal dose (ld50) of 1080 administered by oral gavage was established at 0.173 mg/kg. to assay fluoroacetate residues, 8 kinds of tissue from each of 10 prairie dogs dead of low-level 1080 poisoning were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. of the ... | 1988 | 3391967 |
| ectoparasites of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) from south dakota. | during the summers of 1982 and 1983, black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) were examined for parasites. those collected and their respective prevalence included linognathoides cynomyis (46.3%), opisocrostis hirsutus (53.7%), opisocrostis tuberculatus cynomuris (2.4%), androlaelaps fahrenholzi (12.2%), ixodes sculptus (2.4%) and dermacentor andersoni (4.9%). the collection data indicated that l. cynomyis, o. hirsutus and a. fahrenholzi were at low population densities during this perio ... | 1987 | 3586214 |
| ectoparasites of vertebrates cohabiting black-tailed prairie dog towns in eastern new mexico. | | 1985 | 3981751 |
| control of the plague vector opisocrostis hirsutus, by treatment of prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) burrows with 2 per cent carbaryl dust. | | 1972 | 4626587 |
| the forebrain of the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) in stereotaxic coordinates. | | 1970 | 4926162 |
| chromosomes of the north american prairie dog cynomys ludovicianus. | | 1967 | 6031567 |
| the effect of gonadotrophic hormones on the oxygen consumption of testes from the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | | 1967 | 6058917 |
| primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a blacktailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | | 1982 | 6296473 |
| plasma progesterone levels and corpus luteum morphology in the female prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | plasma progesterone levels in female prairie dogs were determined by a radioimmunoassay specific for progesterone. plasma progesterone levels were determined in samples taken before estrus, at estrus, during the luteal phase, and during anestrus from females maintained all year in the laboratory. progesterone levels were also determined in plasma samples taken in the laboratory from two pregnant and three postparturient females captured in the field. progesterone levels were low before estrus an ... | 1984 | 6541173 |
| effects of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids on lipid metabolism and gallstone formation in the prairie dog. | the prevention of cholesterol cholelithiasis by dietary chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids was studied in the male prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). gallstones were induced by administration of a semisynthetic diet containing 0.4% cholesterol for a period of 8 weeks. groups of 5 or 6 animals received the lithogenic diet with added chenodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid (0.03% "low dose" or 0.06% "high dose"). under the conditions used, the incidence of gallstones was reduced with the ... | 1984 | 6706304 |
| aspirin prevention of cholesterol gallstone formation in prairie dogs. | when prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) are fed a diet containing cholesterol, a marked increase in gallbladder mucin secretion parallels the evolution of cholesterol supersaturated bile. gelation of mucin precedes the precipitation of cholesterol liquid and solid crystals and the development of gallstones. aspirin given to prairie dogs inhibited mucin hypersecretion and gel accumulation and prevented gallstone formation without influencing the cholesterol content of supersaturated bile. this s ... | 1981 | 7466399 |
| kidney structure and function of obligate and facultative hibernators: the white-tailed prairie dog (cynomys leucurus) and the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | the white-tailed prairie dog is an obligate hibernator that enters a heterothermic phase when maintained in the cold with low intensity light and ad libitum food and water. the black-tailed prairie dog (a facultative hibernator) will not hibernate under similar conditions. it has been suggested that the black tailed prairie dog remains active during the winter because it can conserve water more effectively due to a more efficient kidney. the present study revealed no significant differences betw ... | 1995 | 7560310 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized kansas mammals. | seven species of hard-bodied ticks were collected from 20 species of small and medium-sized mammals in kansas; amblyomma americanum l., dermacentor variabilis (say), haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes cookei packard, i. kingi bishopp, i. sculptus neumann, and i. texanus banks. dermacentor variabilis was found statewide, a. americanum only in the eastern one-third of the state, and the ixodes spp. and h. leporispalustris were widely scattered. the most common tick found was d. varia ... | 1994 | 8057327 |
| biochemical adaptations in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) during long-term food and water deprivation. | 1. glucose and ketone body metabolism was studied in prairie dogs, which can withstand periods of food and water deprivation at near normal body temperatures without apparent utilization of body protein. 2. plasma glucose concentrations decreased by 18% (from 8.39 to 6.83 mm) when animals were deprived of food and water for 14 days during winter, and 27% (from 7.89 to 5.78 mm) after similar treatment in summer. 3. glucose utilization rates decreased by 33% (from 41.0 to 27.5 mumol/min/kg) during ... | 1993 | 8097156 |
| hearing in prairie dogs: transition between surface and subterranean rodents. | behavioral audiograms were determined for four black-tailed and one white-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus and c. leucurus) using a conditioned avoidance procedure. the hearing of black-tailed prairie dogs ranges from 29 hz to 26 khz and that of the white-tailed prairie dog from 44 hz to 26 khz (at sound pressure levels of 60 db). both species have good low-frequency hearing, especially black-tailed prairie dogs which can hear as low as 4 hz and are more sensitive than any other rodent ... | 1994 | 8188546 |
| whole-body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: ii. food/water/weight effects in wild rodent and avian species. | separate inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute/subacute food intake (g), water intake (ml), and body weight (g) effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus); subacute effects of two exposures were studied in rock doves (columba livia). a 95% red phosphorus/5% butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture was burned to produce the aerosol. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups (0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/l), ( ... | 1993 | 8345534 |
| whole body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: i. spontaneous activity effects in wild rodent and avian species. | two inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute (2-h out-of-chamber) and subacute (< or = 6 d postexposure) spontaneous activity effects of whole-body phosphoric acids aerosol exposure(s) in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (columba livia). the aerosol was generated using a red phosphorus/butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture under development as a military obscurant. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups [0.0 (controls), 1.0, and 4.0 mg/ ... | 1993 | 8501771 |
| hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in two prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | in two blacktailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus), hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the lung, co-existing chronic active hepatitis, and hyperplasia of hepatocytes in the non-neoplastic areas of the liver tissue were observed. the hyperplastic hepatocytes had many eosinophilic inclusion bodies positive for orcein stain in their cytoplasm. electron microscopy revealed areas of a specific mail-like mesh structure in the location of the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. ultrastructure of ... | 1996 | 8898298 |
| eimeria spp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from black- and white-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus and cynomys leucurus) in central and southeast wyoming. | feces collected from live-trapped black- (cynomys ludovicianus) and white-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys leucurus) from central and southeastern wyoming were examined to determine the presence and prevalence of eimerian species. six species (eimeria adaensis [black-tailed prairie dog prevalence = 33%, white-tailed prairie dog prevalence = 51%], eimeria beecheyi [8%, 28%], eimeria callosper-mophili [64%, 71%], eimeria lateralis [3%, 7%], eimeria morainensis [19%, 8%], and eimeria spermophili [2%, 1 ... | 1997 | 9057719 |
| seminiferous tubule stages in the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) during the annual breeding cycle. | the male prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) is an annual breeder with complete testicular regression between breeding periods. knowledge of the seminiferous tubule cycle stages at all phases of the annual cycle is essential for evaluation of testicular effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones. testis tubule diameter is directly correlated with testicular weight during the annual cycle. seminiferous tubule stages found during testicular activity start with sperm release and round spermatids i ... | 1997 | 9066913 |
| hibernation-induction trigger. ii. in vitro effects of prairie dog plasma albumin on mouse vas deferens contractility. | involvement of opioid molecules in hibernation is well established, with the delta opioid receptor implicated in hibernation induction. previous studies have shown that plasma albumin fractions (pafs) from hibernating mammals contain an uncharacterized ligand called "hibernation-induction trigger" (hit), which causes inhibition of induced contractility in the guinea pig ileum (gpi). in part i of this study, we described effects of paf from two species of prairie dogs on induced contractility of ... | 1997 | 9329050 |
| effects of exogenous hormones on spermatogenesis in the male prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | male prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) breed anually and have complete testicular regression. changes in the seminiferous tubules during the annual cycle have been described recently (foreman, 1997). this is the first description of spermatogenesis in such a species. the definition of tubular stages during the cycle allows for evaluation of the effects of exogenous hormones, hemicastration, and hemicryptorchidism on spermatogenesis during the annual cycle. | 1998 | 9458066 |
| new records of sylvatic plague in kansas. | sylvatic plague, or plague of wild rodents is caused by yersinia pestis and entered california (usa) from asia about 1899. extensive sampling during the 1930's and 1940's documented the spread of plague to approximately its current distribution in north america. records from the centers for disease control and prevention document plague in kansas (usa) between 1945 and 1950, but since then there has been no documentation of plague in the state. following a die-off of a black-tailed prairie dog ( ... | 2000 | 10813625 |
| effects of pyriproxyfen spray, powder, and oral bait treatments on the relative abundance of nontarget arthropods of black-tailed prairie dog (rodentia: sciuridae) towns. | separate black-tailed prairie dog, cynomys ludovicianus (ord), towns on the rocky mountain arsenal national wildlife refuge, colorado, were treated with technical pyriproxyfen (nylar) spray, powder, and oral bait. the treatments were applied to reduce relative abundance of the plague vector oropsylla hirsuta (baker). because pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog, we were also concerned with the effects of the treatments on nontarget arthropods, which is the focus of this study. pitfall traps ... | 2000 | 10916304 |
| effects of pyriproxyfen spray, powder, and oral bait treatments on the relative abundance of fleas (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae) in black-tailed prairie dog (rodentia: sciuridae) towns. | separate black-tailed prairie dog, cynomys ludovicianus (ord), towns on the rocky mountain arsenal national wildlife refuge, colorado, were treated with technical pyriproxyfen (nylar) using spray, powder, and oral bait carriers. direct combing methods (1997 and 1998) and burrow flagging (1998) were used to estimate relative abundance of the plague vector oropsylla hirsuta (baker). pyriproxyfen spray (0.05%) and powder (0.05%) did not significantly reduce (p > 0.05) o. hirsuta abundance. pyriprox ... | 2000 | 11126542 |
| the role of dietary fatty acids in the evolution of spontaneous and facultative hibernation patterns in prairie dogs. | the white-tailed prairie dog is a spontaneous hibernator which commences deep torpor bouts during early fall while the black-tailed prairie dog is a facultative hibernator that will only enter shallow torpor when stressed by cold and food deprivation. plant oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) enhance the duration and depth of mammalian torpor. thus, we tested the hypothesis that black-tailed prairie dogs sampled in the field have less pufas in their diets and that the enhancement of ... | 2001 | 11263729 |
| a baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs. | laboratory and field studies were conducted between july and october 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or alfalfa, 5% molasses and 4% salt. based on the results of these trials we selected a bait containing alfalfa, 7% molasses, and 1% salt for fi ... | 2002 | 11838226 |
| evaluation of a forage allocation model for theodore roosevelt national park. | we developed a forage allocation model using a deterministic, linear optimization module in a commercially available spreadsheet package to help resource managers in theodore roosevelt national park (trnp), north dakota determine optimum numbers of four ungulate species, bison (bison bison), elk (cervus elaphus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and feral horses, in the park. trnp staff actively managed bison, elk, and feral horse numbers within bounds suggested by our model from 1983 to 1996. d ... | 2002 | 11995238 |
| outbreak of tularemia among commercially distributed prairie dogs, 2002. | tularemia has been identified recently as the cause of a die-off in captured wild prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) (figure) at a commercial exotic animal distributor in texas. the texas department of health and cdc immediately notified all state health departments and are investigating the outbreak. | 2002 | 12233912 |
| lipoma in the mediastinum of a prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | a large, firm lipoma was found in the cranial mediastinum of a 3-year-old female prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). it encompassed the carotid arteries, jugular veins, and thymus, and compressed the esophagus and trachea. localized compression caused dysphagia, weight loss, and dyspnea, which eventually resulted in death. most reports on prairie dogs involve their use in research on gallbladder contractility and its role in formation of cholesterol gallstones. there are few reports on naturally ... | 1998 | 12456184 |
| the influence of environment, sex, and innate timing mechanisms on body temperature patterns of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | mechanisms that influence body temperature patterns in black-tailed prairie dogs are not well understood. previous research on both free-ranging and laboratory populations of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) has suggested that reductions in ambient temperature and food and water deprivation are the primary factors that stimulate torpor in this species. in other species, however, torpor has been shown to be influenced by a multitude of factors, including innate circadian and circa ... | 2003 | 12695988 |
| detection of novel bartonella strains and yersinia pestis in prairie dogs and their fleas (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae and pulicidae) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that simultaneously detects three types of flea-associated microorganisms. targets for the assay were sequences encoding portions of the glta, a 17-kda antigen, and pla genes of bartonella spp. strong et al., rickettsia spp. da rocha-lima, and yersinia pestis yersin, respectively. a total of 260 flea samples containing bloodmeal remnants were analyzed from fleas collected from abandoned prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) burrows at t ... | 2003 | 12943112 |
| coccidia (eimeria) from the prairie dog, cynomys ludovicianus ludovicianus, in northern colorado. | | 1964 | 14119566 |
| treatment of black-tailed prairie dog burrows with deltamethrin to control fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) and plague. | burrows within black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on the rocky mountain arsenal national wildlife refuge, colorado, were dusted with deltamethrin insecticide to reduce flea (insecta: siphonaptera) abundance. flea populations were monitored pre- and posttreatment by combing prairie dogs and collecting fleas from burrows. a single application of deltamethrin significantly reduced populations of the plague vector oropsylla hirsuta, and other flea species on prairie dogs and in ... | 2003 | 14596288 |
| black-tailed prairie dogs and the structure of avian communities on the shortgrass plains. | we tested the hypothesis that black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) influence avian community structure on the shortgrass prairie. we surveyed 36 prairie dog towns and 36 paired sites without prairie dogs during summer and fall of 1997, 1998, and 1999 in the oklahoma panhandle. our surveys totaled 9,040 individual observations for 73 avian species. significantly distinct avian communities were present on prairie dog towns when compared to sites within four different macrohabitats of t ... | 2004 | 14685848 |
| observations on the reproductive cycle of the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys lodovicianus). | | 1951 | 14853664 |
| an outbreak of francisella tularensis in captive prairie dogs: an immunohistochemical analysis. | an immunohistochemical assay was developed and tested for detection of francisella tularensis lipopolysaccaride antigen in tissues of captive prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). tissues from 59 cases of f. tularensis were examined by this technique, which was corroborated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and direct isolation of the organism. in infected prairie dogs, studies indicated multiple, severe, necroprurulent foci occurring in the liver, lung, spleen, terminal ileum, and mandibular ... | 2004 | 15053367 |
| hepatic calodium hepaticum (nematoda) infection in a zoo colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica), a nematode parasite commonly found in the liver of wild rodents, infects a wide variety of mammals, including humans. a retrospective study of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) at the baltimore zoo showed that 5 of 21 (24%) of the prairie dogs submitted for postmortem examination between 1981 and 2001 had hepatic capillariasis, with all the infections diagnosed during or after 1997. affected livers contained multifocal granulomas cont ... | 2003 | 15077713 |
| prairie dog care and husbandry. | the species of prairie dog most commonly found in the pet trade is the black-tailed prairie dog, cynomus ludovicianus. these prairie dogs are active, playful, and strong rodents that can make wonderful, affectionate pets when they are properly socialized and given attention. however, with a life span of 8 to 12 years, prairie dogs require a lot of care and a long-term commitment. prairie dogs live in colonies; thus, they are highly social animals. potential owners should understand a prairie dog ... | 2004 | 15145390 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludivicianus): tumor morphology and immunohistochemistry for hepadnavirus core and surface antigens. | from 1994 to 2002, tissues from 61 prairie dogs were submitted to northwest zoopath for histopathology. of these, 12 (20%) had hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). three were pets submitted from private veterinary practices. the others were submitted from zoos in the united states. all were adults, ranging from young adult to 7 years of age, with average age of 5.1 years. the most common clinical signs were weight loss, lethargy, palpable abdominal mass, and respiratory difficulty. all tumors were we ... | 2004 | 15232135 |
| protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine. | prairie dogs (cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to yersinia pestis and significant reservoirs of plague for humans in the western united states. a recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the f1 antigen of y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to 18 black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption; 18 negative control animals received placebo baits. antibody titers against y. pestis f1 antigen increased significantly (p < 0.01) in vaccinees, a ... | 2004 | 15322054 |
| sylvatic plague reduces genetic variability in black-tailed prairie dogs. | small, isolated populations are vulnerable to loss of genetic diversity through in-breeding and genetic drift. sylvatic plague due to infection by the bacterium yersinia pestis caused an epizootic in the early 1990s resullting in declines and extirpations of many black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in north-central montana, usa. plague-induced population bottlenecks may contribute to significant reductions in genetic variability. in contrast, gene flow maintains genetic vari ... | 2004 | 15362819 |
| experimental infection of prairie dogs with monkeypox virus. | studies of experimental infection of prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) with monkeypox virus are described. after intraperitoneal infection, all of the animals died within 11 days. virus was cultured from their blood and oropharynx several days before death; at necropsy, most of the organs tested contained monkeypox virus. marked hepatic and splenic necrosis were observed, along with mild inflammatory changes in the lungs. after intranasal (in) infection, the primary pathologic changes were in ... | 2005 | 15829191 |
| calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica) in captive rodents in a zoological garden. | calodium hepaticum infection was diagnosed in the bristol zoo gardens in 13 captive rodents of four species that died or were humanely killed over a 40-month period. of these infected animals, nine were black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomus ludovicianus), representing 45% of the members of this species examined during the study. a wild rat (rattus norvegicus) found dead in an enclosure was also infected. to date few cases of c. hepaticum infection have been reported in the uk. the number of cases d ... | 2005 | 15899489 |
| impacts of simulated livestock grazing on utah prairie dogs (cynomys parvidens) in a low productivity ecosystem. | allometric foraging theory suggests that herbivores of greatly differing size should co-exist through niche segregation, but a few studies of large-small herbivore foraging relationships have reported competitive interactions. this study addresses the potential roles of habitat productivity and large herbivore grazing intensities on large-small herbivore foraging interactions. we examined effects of different intensity simulated grazing treatments on forage abundance and quality for utah prairie ... | 2006 | 16328551 |
| spontaneous lymphoma in a prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | a 4-year-old, female, black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) was examined for acute dyspnea and two skin masses. tentative diagnosis of lymphoma was made based on cytology of pleural effusion and the skin masses. administration of prednisolone was initially effective in improving the condition; however, the clinical signs deteriorated after radiation therapy and administration of cyclophosphamide. postmortem examination revealed that neoplastic lymphocytes had infiltrated most of the or ... | 2006 | 16527916 |
| classic flea-borne transmission does not drive plague epizootics in prairie dogs. | we lack a clear understanding of the enzootic maintenance of the bacterium (yersinia pestis) that causes plague and the sporadic epizootics that occur in its natural rodent hosts. a key to elucidating these epidemiological dynamics is determining the dominant transmission routes of plague. plague can be acquired from the bites of infectious fleas (which is generally considered to occur via a blocked flea vector), inhalation of infectious respiratory droplets, or contact with a short-term infecti ... | 2006 | 16603630 |
| extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs. | in the natural environment, hibernating sciurids generally remain dormant during winter and enter numerous deep torpor bouts from the time of first immergence in fall until emergence in spring. in contrast, black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) remain active throughout winter but periodically enter short and shallow bouts of torpor. while investigating body temperature (t(b)) patterns of black-tailed prairie dogs from six separate colonies in northern colorado, we observed one populat ... | 2006 | 16691512 |
| a plague epizootic in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | plague is the primary cause for the rangewide decline in prairie dog (cynomys spp.) distribution and abundance, yet our knowledge of plague dynamics in prairie dog populations is limited. our understanding of the effects of plague on the most widespread species, the black-tailed prairie dog (c. ludovicianus), is particularly weak. during a study on the population biology of black-tailed prairie dogs in wyoming, usa, plague was detected in a colony under intensive monitoring, providing a unique o ... | 2006 | 16699150 |
| maintenance of slow type i myosin protein and mrna expression in overwintering prairie dogs (cynomys leucurus and ludovicianus) and black bears (ursus americanus). | hibernating mammals have the remarkable ability to withstand long periods of fasting and reduced activity with dramatic maintenance of skeletal muscle function and protein composition. we investigated several hindlimb muscles of white-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys leucurus) and black bears (ursus americanus), two very different hibernators who are dormant and fasting during winter. the black-tailed prairie dog (c. ludovicianus) remains active during winter, but suffers minor skeletal muscle atrop ... | 2006 | 16758215 |
| common procedures in hedgehogs, prairie dogs, exotic rodents, and companion marsupials. | nondomesticated species are commonly being kept as companion animals. these include the african pygmy hedgehog (atelerix albi-ventris), the north american black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys lu-dovicianus), and exotic rodents such as the degu (octodon degus)and duprasi or fat-tailed gerbil (pachyuromys duprasi). common companion marsupials include the sugar glider (petaurus breviceps),bennett's or tammar (dama) wallabies (macropus rufogriseus rufo-griseus and macropus eugenii, respectively), the b ... | 2006 | 16759954 |
| maxillary osteosarcoma in a prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | to date, few tumors have been identified in prairie dogs, with odontoma being the most common. osteosarcoma has been documented in a wide range of species, including a number of rodents. in this case, a locally invasive maxillary osteosarcoma was diagnosed in a prairie dog. gross examination revealed a pale, tan, lobulated, sessile maxillary mass extending ventrally into the oral cavity from the hard palate and the gingiva surrounding the upper right cheek teeth. the mass invaded the right nasal ... | 2006 | 16789726 |
| demodicosis in nine prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | this case report describes the clinical signs and treatment of demodicosis in nine pet prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). clinical records including history, clinical examination, microscopic evaluation and fungal culture of the skin lesions were available for all nine animals. in seven animals, blood was obtained for haematological and biochemical analyses. clinical signs comprised bilaterally symmetrical alopecia extending from the middle part of the back down to the skin of the thighs and t ... | 2006 | 16827672 |
| possible vector dissemination by swift foxes following a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs in northwestern texas. | to determine whether swift foxes (vulpes velox) could facilitate transmission of yersinia pestis to uninfected black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) colonies by acquiring infected fleas, ectoparasite and serologic samples were collected from swift foxes living adjacent to prairie dog towns during a 2004 plague epizootic in northwestern texas, usa. a previous study (1999-2001) indicated that these swift foxes were infested almost exclusively with the flea pulex irritans. black-tailed pr ... | 2006 | 16870868 |
| inhibin may be involved in negative feedback in the prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus). | the changes in inhibin immunostaining in the gonads during the annual reproductive cycle of both sexes of the prairie dog are described. no inhibin immunostaining was found in primary or secondary follicles of the ovary. theca and granulosa cells of preovulatory graafian follicles found in january and february stained for inhibin. corpora lutea of both pregnant and non-pregnant females stain more densely for inhibin than follicles. inhibin staining is present in luteal cells for at least 4 month ... | 2007 | 17171707 |
| effect of family support on the success of translocated black-tailed prairie dogs. | translocation has become a widely used conservation tool but remains only marginally successful. high mortality is often attributed to predation, but for highly social species, founder group composition may also play a critical role in postrelease survival. i compared the fitness of black-tailed prairie dogs translocated with or without their family groups. animals in the family translocated groups were individually marked and observed until coterie membership was determined. nonfamily transloca ... | 2006 | 17181813 |
| abundance patterns of two oropsylla (ceratophyllidae: siphonaptera) species on black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) hosts. | behavioral, genetic, and immune variation within a host population may lead to aggregation of parasites whereby a small proportion of hosts harbor a majority of parasites. in situations where two or more parasite species infect the same host population there is the potential for interaction among parasites that could potentially influence patterns of aggregation through either competition or facilitation. we studied the occurrence and abundance patterns of two congeneric flea species on black-ta ... | 2006 | 17249353 |
| the potential role of swift foxes (vulpes velox) and their fleas in plague outbreaks in prairie dogs. | swift foxes (vulpes velox) have been proposed as potential carriers of fleas infected with the bacterium yersinia pestis between areas of epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). we examined antibody prevalence rates of a population of swift foxes in colorado, usa, and used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to examine their flea biota for evidence of y. pestis. fifteen of 61 (24%) captured foxes were seropositive, and antibody prevalence was spatially correlated with ... | 2007 | 17699080 |
| habituation of electrically induced readiness to gnaw. | electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) produced a readiness to gnaw which decreased over time, exhibited spontaneous recovery, and could be dishabituated by foot shock. the response decrement was in part habituatory and could modify the interaction between a stimulation-induced readiness to gnaw and a physiologically induced hunger. functional plasticity of stimulation-induced behavior might be accounted for, in part, by habituation. | 1971 | 17741424 |
| prairie dogs avoid extreme inbreeding. | black-tailed prairie dogs (rodentia: sciuridae: cynomys ludovicianus) live in colonies composed of contiguous but separate family groups called coteries. during the 6 years that individuals in a colony were observed, they almost nevermated with close genetic relatives. inbreeding is avoided in four ways: (i) a young male usually leaves his natal coterie before breeding, but his female relatives remain; (ii) an adult male usually leaves his breeding coterie before his daughters mature; (iii) a yo ... | 1982 | 17788492 |
| infanticide in prairie dogs: lactating females kill offspring of close kin. | infanticide, although common in a wide range of species including humans and other primates, is poorly understood. a 7-year study under natural conditions reveals that infanticide within colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) is striking for three reasons. it is the major source of juvenile mortality, accounting for the total or partial demise of 51 percent of all litters born. the most common killers are resident lactating females. the most common victims are the offspring ... | 1985 | 17814930 |
| the black-tailed prairie dog. | | 1995 | 17834996 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of bartonella infection in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | we describe the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of bartonella in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) based on a longitudinal study conducted in 20 black-tailed prairie dog (btpd) colonies in boulder county, co from 2003 to 2005. bartonella infection was widely distributed in all colonies with an overall prevalence of 23.1%, but varied by colony from 4.8% to 42.5% and by year from 9.1 to 39.0%, with a marked increase in bartonella activity in 2005. levels of bacteremia var ... | 2008 | 18176820 |
| climate-driven spatial dynamics of plague among prairie dog colonies. | we present a bayesian hierarchical model for the joint spatial dynamics of a host-parasite system. the model was fitted to long-term data on regional plague dynamics and metapopulation dynamics of the black-tailed prairie dog, a declining keystone species of north american prairies. the rate of plague transmission between colonies increases with increasing precipitation, while the rate of infection from unknown sources decreases in response to hot weather. the mean annual dispersal distance of p ... | 2008 | 18197776 |
| characterization of bartonella strains isolated from black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | thirty bartonella strains were isolated from the blood of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) from boulder county, colorado, usa. the bacteria appeared as small, fastidious, aerobic, gram-negative rods. the partial sequences of the citrate synthase gene (glta) demonstrated five unique genetic variants. phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of glta, 16s rrna, rpob, ftsz, and ribc showed that the black-tailed prairie dog-related bartonella variants comprise a distinct monophyletic ... | 2008 | 18237261 |
| the role of selenium in protecting plants against prairie dog herbivory: implications for the evolution of selenium hyperaccumulation. | some plants can hyperaccumulate the element selenium (se) up to 10,000 mg se kg(-1) dry weight. hyperaccumulation has been hypothesized to defend against herbivory. in laboratory studies high se levels protect plants from invertebrate herbivores and pathogens. however, field studies and mammalian herbivore studies that link se accumulation to herbivory protection are lacking. in this study a combination of field surveys and manipulative field studies were carried out to determine whether plant s ... | 2008 | 18278517 |
| no evidence of deer mouse involvement in plague (yersinia pestis) epizootics in prairie dogs. | plague, the disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, can have devastating impacts on black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) colonies. one suggested mechanism behind sporadic prairie dog die-offs involves an alternative mammal host, such as the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), which often inhabits prairie dog colonies. we examined the flea populations of deer mice to investigate the potential of flea-borne transmission of plague between deer mice and prairie dogs in northern ... | 2008 | 18447619 |
| oropsylla hirsuta (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae) can support plague epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) by early-phase transmission of yersinia pestis. | plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, often leads to rapid decimation of black-tailed prairie dog colonies. flea-borne transmission of y. pestis has been thought to occur primarily via blocked fleas, and therefore studies of vector efficiency have focused on the period when blockage is expected to occur (> or =5 days post-infection [p.i.]). oropsylla hirsuta, a prairie dog flea, rarely blocks and transmission is inefficient > or =5 days p.i.; thus, this flea has been considered incapa ... | 2008 | 18454591 |
| estimating abundance using mark-resight when sampling is with replacement or the number of marked individuals is unknown. | although mark-resight methods can often be a less expensive and less invasive means for estimating abundance in long-term population monitoring programs, two major limitations of the estimators are that they typically require sampling without replacement and/or the number of marked individuals available for resighting to be known exactly. these requirements can often be difficult to achieve. here we address these limitations by introducing the poisson log and zero-truncated poisson log-normal mi ... | 2009 | 18479484 |
| interactive disturbance effects of two disparate ecosystem engineers in north american shortgrass steppe. | disturbances such as fire, grazing, and soil mixing by animals interact to shape vegetation in grassland ecosystems. animal-generated disturbances are unique in that they arise from a suite of behaviors that are themselves subject to modification by external factors. the manner in which co-occurring animal taxa interact to alter vegetation is a function of their respective behaviors, which shape the characteristics (e.g., the magnitude or extent) of their disturbances. to determine whether prair ... | 2008 | 18504620 |
| prevalence and abundance of fleas in black-tailed prairie dog burrows: implications for the transmission of plague (yersinia pestis). | plague, the disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, can have devastating impacts on north american wildlife. epizootics, or die-offs, in prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) occur sporadically and fleas (siphonaptera) are probably important in the disease's transmission and possibly as maintenance hosts of y. pestis between epizootics. we monitored changes in flea abundance in prairie dog burrows in response to precipitation, temperature, and plague activity in shortgrass steppe in north ... | 2008 | 18605787 |
| exposure of small rodents to plague during epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs. | plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, causes die-offs of colonies of prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). it has been argued that other small rodents are reservoirs for plague, spreading disease during epizootics and maintaining the pathogen in the absence of prairie dogs; yet there is little empirical support for distinct enzootic and epizootic cycles. between 2004 and 2006, we collected blood from small rodents captured in colonies in northern colorado before, during, and for up to ... | 2008 | 18689662 |
| prevalence of yersinia pestis in rodents and fleas associated with black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) at thunder basin national grassland, wyoming. | rodents (and their fleas) that are associated with prairie dogs are considered important for the maintenance and transmission of the bacterium (yersinia pestis) that causes plague. our goal was to identify rodent and flea species that were potentially involved in a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs at thunder basin national grassland. we collected blood samples and ectoparasites from rodents trapped at off- and on-colony grids at thunder basin national grassland between 2002 and 2004 ... | 2008 | 18689663 |
| geographic variation in rodent-flea relationships in the presence of black-tailed prairie dog colonies. | we characterized the relationship between fleas and their rodent hosts in the presence of prairie dog colonies and compared them to adjacent assemblages away from colonies. we evaluated the rodent-flea relationship by quantifying prevalence, probability of infestation, flea load, and intensity of fleas on rodents. as prairie dog burrows provide refugia for fleas, we hypothesized that prevalence, flea load, and intensity would be higher for rodents that are associated with black-tailed prairie do ... | 2008 | 18697322 |
| transmission efficiency of two flea species (oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and oropsylla hirsuta) involved in plague epizootics among prairie dogs. | plague, caused by yersinia pestis, is an exotic disease in north america circulating predominantly in wild populations of rodents and their fleas. black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) are highly susceptible to infection, often experiencing mortality of nearly all individuals in a town as a result of plague. the fleas of black-tailed prairie dogs are oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and oropsylla hirsuta. we tested the efficiency of o. tuberculata cynomuris to transmit y. pestis daily ... | 2008 | 18787922 |
| scavenging by mammalian carnivores on prairie dog colonies: implications for the spread of plague. | plague causes mass mortality of prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) in shortgrass steppe. although the pathogen, the bacterium yersinia pestis, is spread within colonies by flea bites or contact between infected hosts, it is unclear how y. pestis is transported over long distances between isolated colonies. one possibility is that wideranging, plague-resistant mammalian carnivores pick up fleas when scavenging prairie dog carcasses. using guinea pigs as surrogates for prairie dogs, we compared h ... | 2009 | 18945188 |
| immunization of black-tailed prairie dog against plague through consumption of vaccine-laden baits. | prairie dogs (cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to yersinia pestis and, along with other wild rodents, are significant reservoirs of plague for other wildlife and humans in the western united states. a recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the f1 antigen of y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to three groups (n = 18, 19, and 20) of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption, either one, two, or three times, at roughly 3-wk intervals ... | 2008 | 18957649 |
| are carnivores universally good sentinels of plague? | sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, is a flea-borne disease that primarily affects rodents but has been detected in over 200 mammal species worldwide. mammalian carnivores are routinely surveyed as sentinels of local plague activity, since they can present antibodies to y. pestis infection but show few clinical signs. in boulder county, colorado, usa, plague epizootic events are episodic and occur in black-tailed prairie dogs. enzootic hosts are unidentified as are plague f ... | 2009 | 18973449 |
| a prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using west african and congo basin strains of monkeypox virus. | multiple monkeypox virus (mpxv) animal models have been discussed in previous studies, but no small animal models, nor most non-human primate models, demonstrated the protracted asymptomatic incubation phase seen in systemic human orthopoxvirus illness. herein, we characterize a black-tailed prairie dog (pd) (cynomys ludovicianus) model of infection, via intranasal and intradermal exposures, with the two mpxv clades. daily observations of the animals were made (food consumption, general symptoms ... | 2009 | 19141441 |
| evidence for the involvement of an alternate rodent host in the dynamics of introduced plague in prairie dogs. | 1. the introduction of plague to north america is a significant threat to colonies of prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus), a species of conservation concern in the great plains. other small rodents are exposed to the causative agent, yersinia pestis, during or after epizootics; yet, its effect on these rodents is not known, and their role in transmitting and maintaining plague in the absence of prairie dogs remains unclear. 2. we live-trapped small rodents and collected their fleas on 11 colonie ... | 2009 | 19302321 |
| nutrition, care, and behavior of captive prairie dogs. | prairie dogs are burrowing mammals that inhabit the grasslands of western north america. this article discusses the black-tailed prairie dog, the most common species and the one most likely to be found in zoos and private homes. the authors discuss several topics related to having prairie dogs as pets, such as why they make good pets, types of housing, diet, diseases, and injuries. the article concludes with information about where to obtain prairie dogs as pets. | 2009 | 19341952 |
| flea abundance on black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) increases during plague epizootics. | black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) on the great plains of the united states are highly susceptible to plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, with mortality on towns during plague epizootics often approaching 100%. the ability of flea-borne transmission to sustain disease spread has been questioned because of inefficiency of flea vectors. however, even with low individual efficiency, overall transmission can be increased if flea abundance (the number of fleas on hosts) inc ... | 2009 | 19492944 |
| effects of weather and plague-induced die-offs of prairie dogs on the fleas of northern grasshopper mice. | plague, the disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, can have devastating impacts on black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus ord). other mammal hosts living on prairie dog colonies may be important in the transmission and maintenance of plague. we examined the flea populations of northern grasshopper mice (onychomys leucogaster wied) before, during, and after plague epizootics in northern colorado and studied the influence of host and environmental factors on flea abundance patte ... | 2009 | 19496431 |
| parental behaviour of a precocial species: implications for juvenile survival. | parents determine habitat selection for precocial young by leading their young to foraging areas until the chicks attain full independence. there are potential benefits and costs to reproductive success associated with changing habitats while caring for young. this study investigated the relationship between different types of habitats and their quality on chick survival and brood movements of a declining upland shorebird, the mountain plover charadrius montanus.from 2004 to 2006, a total of 153 ... | 2009 | 19946600 |