| intraerythrocytic parasites in rodent populations of connecticut: babesia and grahamella species. | a total of 612 peromyscus leucopus, 11 microtus pennsylvanicus, 21 clethrionomys gapperi, and 4 tamias striatus was collected in connecticut and examined for babesia and grahamella during 1976 and 1977. babesia antibodies were detected in sera of 9 p. leucopus collected from 4 sites. babesia parasites were not detected in the blood smears of captured rodents. subsequent splenectomy and subinoculation of blood from these rodents into susceptible animals failed to induce disease and no babesia was ... | 1979 | 512755 |
| the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in ontario mammals. | the prevalence of seropositive reactions to toxoplasma gondii was studied in farm animals, companion animals, wild rodents and birds. of the animals tested, 17% of cattle, 65% of sheep, 45% of pigs, 9% of horses, 33% of dogs and 20% of cats were seropositive by the sabin-feldman dye test. in addition 11% of mice (mus musculus), 5% of deer mice (peromyscus), 3% of rats (rattus norvegicus) and less than 2% of sparrows (passer domestcus) were seropositive. all samples from short-tailed field mice ( ... | 1978 | 667705 |
| isolation of la crosse virus (california encephalitis group) from the chipmunk (tamias striatus), an amplifier host. | la crosse (lac) virus was isolated from the blood of seven chipmunks (tamias striatus) captured during the summer of 1970 in southwestern wisconsin. with the exception of the original isolate obtained from human brain after fatal encephalitis, these represent the first known isolations of lac virus from a naturally infected free-living vertebrate. the chipmunks were trapped and periodically recaptured in two study areas where 59 chipmunks became infected and developed neutralizing antibody durin ... | 1975 | 1106233 |
| reproduction, structure and host specificity of trypanosoma (herpetosoms) tamiasi sp. n. from the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus. | trypanosoma (herpetosoma) tamiasi sp. n. is described from blood and organs of the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus, and the least chipmunk, eutamias minimus. in experimentally infected tamias striatus and e. minimus, trypanosoma tamiasi reproduced by equal binary fission in the trypo-, sphaero-, epi-, or amastigote form, mainly in lymphoid organs. trypomastigotes developed from amastigotes through epimastigotes, or from sphaeromastigotes, mainly in the same organs. the mean lengths of body ... | 1975 | 1117439 |
| transmission of la crosse virus by four strains of aedes albopictus to and from the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). | eastern chipmunks were successfully infected with la crosse virus by bites of 3 new world strains of aedes albopictus infected orally or transovarially. the virus was subsequently passed from the chipmunks to ae. albopictus, potosi strain, and ae. triseriatus. the chipmunks developed viremias of 1-4 days duration and antibody titers were similar in intensity and duration to those reported in chipmunks infected by ae. triseriatus. after feeding on viremic chipmunks, ae. albopictus became infected ... | 1992 | 1402859 |
| antibodies to la crosse virus in eastern chipmunks in indiana near an aedes albopictus population. | blood samples of 34 eastern chipmunks trapped in the vicinity of an aedes albopictus population near new alsace, in, were tested for neutralizing antibodies to la crosse (lac) virus and other california group viruses. two samples were positive for lac antibodies. analysis of mosquito bloodmeals demonstrated that both ae. albopictus and ae. triseriatus from the site fed on chipmunks. this note documents the first record of lac antibodies in sylvan rodents from indiana, the presence of lac virus i ... | 1991 | 1787412 |
| survey for ixodes spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern wisconsin and northeastern illinois. | forested areas adjacent to milwaukee, wis., and chicago, ill., were investigated for rodents and ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus or peromyscus maniculatus), meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) were captured; and specimens from these animals were cultured for b. burgdorferi to define whether the midwestern lyme disease area currently encompasses these large metropolita ... | 1991 | 2007650 |
| photoreceptor cell-specific localization of s-antigen in retina. | retinal s-antigen has been found to be localized in a specific photoreceptor cell population of squirrel (tamias striatus) and rhesus monkey retina. in these cone-rich retinas s-antigen seems only to be present in the rods. differential immunofluorescent staining of the photoreceptor cells was accomplished by using monospecific rabbit-anti bovine s-antigen antiserum, which exhibits very limited species specificity. in view of its co-localization with rhodopsin in rods and considering data from l ... | 1985 | 2411473 |
| retinal inputs and laminar distributions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus relay cells in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus). | retinal inputs and their laminar distributions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgnd) of the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus) were studied using histological and microelectrode recording techniques. a previous anatomical study (fukuda et al. 1986a) indicated that the chipmunk lgnd had five laminae: contralaterally (contra) innervated lamina 1 and ipsilaterally (ipsi) innervated lamina 2 in its ventromedial part; laminae 3a (contra), 3b (ipsi) and 3c (contra) in its dorsolat ... | 1988 | 2458276 |
| comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). | the authors compared the contribution of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), chipmunks (tamias striatus), and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) to infection of vector ticks with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgddorferi. at one massachusetts location where lyme disease is endemic, all three species of rodents were found to be infected. prevalence of infection, however, varied from 90% for mice, and 75% for chipmunks to just 5.5% for meadow voles. infectivity of these hosts for ... | 1989 | 2787105 |
| lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals. | lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ... | 1987 | 3605501 |
| ipsilateral retinal projections and laminations of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus). | the ipsilateral retinal projections and laminations of the dorsal geniculate nucleus (lgnd) were studied in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus). from cyto-, myelo- and chemoarchitectures the lgnd was divided into the ventromedial and dorsolateral parts. anterograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) and fink-heimer staining after unilateral eye removal both indicated that the ipsilateral projection terminates in lamina 2 of the ventromedial ... | 1986 | 3779388 |
| identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis). | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ... | 1985 | 3926816 |
| influence of defensive behavior of eastern chipmunks and gray squirrels (rodentia: sciuridae) on feeding success of aedes triseriatus (diptera: culicidae). | | 1986 | 3950920 |
| experimental la crosse virus infection of red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), opossum (didelphis virginiana), and woodchuck (marmota monax). | susceptibility to infection, resulting viremia and antibody responses, and potential to provide infectious blood meals for aedes triseriatus were determined and compared for the red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), and opossum (didelphis virginiana) exposed to la crosse (lac) virus transmitted by mosquitoes, ae. triseriatus. woodchucks (marmota monax) were infected with lac virus by needle and syringe. all 5 red foxes became viremic following the bite of a single lac virus-infected f ... | 1985 | 4003669 |
| la crosse viremias in juvenile, subadult and adult chipmunks (tamias striatus) following feeding by transovarially-infected aedes triseriatus. | viremia and antibody responses to la crosse (lac) virus were determined for juvenile, subadult and adult chipmunks (tamias striatus). viremia was detected in 16 of 16 juveniles, 13 of 17 subadults and 21 of 29 adults fed upon by transovarially (to)-infected aedes triseriatus. mean viremia titers for juvenile, subadult and adult chipmunks responding to lac infection were 3.0, 2.9 and 3.2 log10smicld50/0.025 ml, respectively. the average duration of viremia with lac virus was 2.4, 2.3 and 2.4 days ... | 1985 | 4003670 |
| observations on a natural cycle of la crosse virus (california group) in southwestern wisconsin. | ecological studies were conducted to document the role of the eastern chipmunk (tramias striatus) as a vertebrate host for la crosse (lac) virus in nature during late summer when aedes triseriatus mosquitoes are most abundant. movement, home range and density of chipmunk populations were determined by trap mark and recapture techniques on grid study areas. the temporal distribution of a. triseriatus was estimated by use of oviposition traps. passive antibodies were found in spring-born juveniles ... | 1974 | 4451237 |
| some effects of cuterebra emasculator fitch (diptera: cuterebridae) on the blood and activity of its host, the eastern chipmunk. | | 1973 | 4694595 |
| incidence of botfly larvae (cuterebra emasculator) in the chipmunk (tamias striatus) and red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in northern wisconsin. | | 1965 | 5857294 |
| studies on selection of lacrosse virus variants by natural vertebrate hosts and vector mosquitoes. | the effect of passage in natural hosts on lacrosse virus plaque size, mouse neurovirulence, and plaquing efficiency was studied. seven field strains, as previously unpassaged naturally infected aedes triseriatus suspensions, were inoculated into chipmunks tamias striatus and thence into colonized ae. triseriatus. the prototype strain, with seven prior laboratory passages, was also passed through the same natural host species. the field strains changed in neurovirulence and plaque size at various ... | 1981 | 6113754 |
| naturally acquired rabies in an eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). | rabies in an eastern chipmunk was detected by fluorescent-antibody testing and mouse inoculation. the results were independently confirmed, and the virus was recovered from tissue culture. | 1984 | 6365964 |
| ultrastructure of sarcocystis sp. n. from the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). | | 1983 | 6419488 |
| experimental infection of chipmunks and snowshoe hares with la crosse and snowshoe hare viruses and four of their reassortants. | the infection of chipmunks (tamias striatus), the vertebrate host of la crosse (lac) arbovirus, or snowshoe hares (lepus americanus), the host of snowshoe hare (ssh) virus, was analyzed following subcutaneous inoculation with either lac or ssh or certain lac-ssh reassortant viruses. after inoculation, no adult hares or chipmunks developed signs of illness. another reassortant, genotype lac/lac/ssh, has exhibited a marked inability to infect chipmunks and was avirulent for mice, probably because ... | 1983 | 6625069 |
| spirochetes in ixodes dammini and mammals from connecticut. | spirochetes were observed in the midguts of 35% of 147 motile ixodes dammini from three locations in lyme and east haddam, connecticut. positive ticks were removed from eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and a red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonicus). spirochetes were isolated in fortified kelly's medium from nine questing or partially engorged i. dammini adults and nymphs and from the bloods of a raccoon and a white-footed mouse ... | 1983 | 6881431 |
| experimental infection of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). | lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is endemic in the northeast, north-central, and pacific coastal states of the united states. the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) is found throughout the disease-enzootic regions except along the pacific coast, and may serve as an important reservoir host in some locations. to characterize their potential as a host, 11 adult chipmunks were inoculated with 10(5) spirochetes from strains of b. burgdorferi isolated from peromyscus leuco ... | 1993 | 8258849 |
| isolation of jamestown canyon and snowshoe hare viruses (california serogroup) from aedes mosquitoes in western massachusetts. | three isolates of jamestown canyon virus and one isolate of snowshoe hare virus (california serogroup) were obtained from adult aedes females collected in western massachusetts in 1982. jamestown canyon virus was isolated from aedes abserratus/punctor once, and from aedes intrudens twice. snowshoe hare virus was isolated from aedes stimulans group mosquitoes. la crosse encephalitis (lac) virus was not isolated from 1,552 adult aedes triseriatus, nor from 22,557 aedes triseriatus larvae. however, ... | 1993 | 8350066 |
| role of the eastern chipmunk as a host for immature ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in northwestern illinois. | infestation of the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus l., by immature ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman and corwin was studied in castle rock state park in northwestern illinois during june-october 1991. mean larval density peaked in august, while nymphal density declined steadily through the study period. prevalence of tick infestation was high throughout the trapping period. tick distribution on chipmunks was aggregated in most of the sampling periods. levels of i. dammini infestation ... | 1993 | 8433349 |
| experimental infection of the red-backed vole (clethrionomys gapperi) with borrelia burgdorferi. | red-backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi) were live trapped in northern st. louis county, minnesota (usa), in late september and october 1988 and experimentally inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from most animals 14 and 28 days following inoculation. thus, red-backed voles exposed to b. burgdorferi were susceptible to infection and could be a reservoir host, along with chipmunks (tamias striatus) and other small rodents, in areas where white-footed mouse (peromyscus ... | 1995 | 8592371 |
| relative abundance and species composition of mosquito populations (diptera:culicidae) in a la crosse virus-endemic area in western north carolina. | container surveys were conducted in 5 communities on the cherokee indian reservation, an area of western north carolina endemic for transmission of la crosse (lac) virus, to determine the potential for peridomestic mosquito breeding, the relative abundance of mosquito species, and the standing crop of mosquitoes per residence. eleven species of mosquitoes were collected, but 80.9% of all mosquitoes reared from containers were aedes triseriatus (say). all communities averaged > 6 containers per r ... | 1996 | 8699454 |
| the role of deer as a possible reservoir host of potosi virus, a newly recognized arbovirus in the united states. | potosi (pot) virus (bunyaviridae) was isolated from aedes albopictus, an introduced asian mosquito species, collected at a used tire yard in potosi, missouri (usa), in august and september, 1989. in september, 1990, small animals were trapped at the tire yard and six cattle were sampled at an adjacent farm; in november 1990 and 1991, blood samples were collected with filter paper strips from 364 hunter-killed, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the region to determine the possible res ... | 1996 | 8827670 |
| role of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in the epizootiology of lyme borreliosis in northwestern illinois, usa. | the role of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in the epizootiology of lyme borreliosis was evaluated in castle rock state park, illinois (usa), an enzootic region, from june to august 1993. prevalence, intensity, and molting rate of immature ixodes scapularis were determined for chipmunks, white footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor). chipmunks were the primary host for i. scapularis nymphs and an important secondary host for i. scapularis larvae. based upon ear pun ... | 1997 | 9027689 |
| natural infection of small mammal species in minnesota with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | the natural reservoirs for the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) are suspected to be the small mammals that host immature stages of ixodes scapularis ticks. to determine if such small mammals are naturally infected, we collected blood and serum samples from small mammal species in rural and suburban areas of minneapolis and st. paul, minn. samples were collected from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus), southern red-backed voles (clethrionomy ... | 1997 | 9157141 |
| the cloning of grk7, a candidate cone opsin kinase, from cone- and rod-dominant mammalian retinas. | desensitization in the rod cell of the mammalian retina is initiated when light-activated rhodopsin is phosphorylated by the g protein-coupled receptor kinase (grk), grk1, often referred to as rhodopsin kinase. a distinct kinase that specifically phosphorylates cone opsins in a similar manner has not been identified in mammals. to determine the existence of a cone opsin kinase, rna from the retinas of cone- and rod-dominant mammals was analyzed by pcr. | 1998 | 9852166 |
| implications of raccoon latrines in the epizootiology of baylisascariasis. | raccoons (procyon lotor) frequently establish defecation sites, termed latrines, on large logs, stumps, rocks, and other horizontally oriented structures/surfaces. these latrines are important foci of infective eggs of baylisascaris procyonis, a nematode parasite of raccoons which is pathogenic to numerous species of mammals and birds. to examine the role of raccoon latrines in this animal-parasite interaction, we documented animal visitations to raccoon latrines in two large forested tracts and ... | 1999 | 10479081 |
| infestation of peromyscus leucopus and tamias striatus by ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in relation to the abundance of hosts and parasites. | the risk of humans acquiring lyme disease is a function of the local density of nymphal and adult ticks that are infected with lyme disease spirochetes. this in turn, will be related to host-use patterns of ticks and to the densities of both juvenile ticks and their hosts. at a forested site in dutchess county, ny, we quantified host-use patterns of larval and nymphal ixodes scapularis say infesting the 2 dominant vertebrate hosts, white-footed mice and eastern chipmunks, during a 3-yr period. l ... | 1999 | 10593076 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state. | cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ... | 2001 | 11229905 |
| audiograms of five species of rodents: implications for the evolution of hearing and the perception of pitch. | behavioral audiograms were determined for five species of rodents: groundhog (marmota monax), chipmunk (tamias striatus), darwin's leaf-eared mouse (phyllotis darwinii), golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), and egyptian spiny mouse (acomys cahirinus). the high-frequency hearing of these animals was found to vary inversely with interaural distance, a typical mammalian pattern. with regard to low-frequency hearing, the animals fell into two groups: those with extended low-frequency hearing (chip ... | 2001 | 11470193 |
| gtpase regulators and photoresponses in cones of the eastern chipmunk. | vertebrate cone and rod photoreceptor cells use similar mechanisms to transduce light signals into electrical signals, but their responses to light differ in sensitivity and kinetics. to assess the role of g-protein gtp hydrolysis kinetics in mammalian cone photoresponses, we have characterized photoresponses and gtpase regulatory components of cones and rods from the cone-dominant retina of the eastern chipmunk. sensitivity, based on the stimulus strength required for a half-maximum response, o ... | 2003 | 12598617 |
| host associations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in residential and natural settings in a lyme disease-endemic area in new jersey. | we live-trapped small mammals and flagged vegetation within wooded natural and residential landscapes to examine how any observed differences in small mammal species composition may influence ixodes scapularis say burdens and the abundance of host-seeking ticks. two years of live trapping showed that eastern chipmunks, tamias striatus, were captured with significantly greater frequency in some residential areas than white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, whereas the proportion of white-footed m ... | 2005 | 16465736 |
| climate, deer, rodents, and acorns as determinants of variation in lyme-disease risk. | risk of human exposure to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens is a function of the abundance and infection prevalence of vectors. we assessed the determinants of lyme-disease risk (density and borrelia burgdorferi-infection prevalence of nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks) over 13 y on several field plots within eastern deciduous forests in the epicenter of us lyme disease (dutchess county, new york). we used a model comparison approach to simultaneously test the importance of ambient growing-season te ... | 2006 | 16669698 |
| comparative phylogeography of eastern chipmunks and white-footed mice in relation to the individualistic nature of species. | palaeoecological studies have demonstrated that ecological communities as a whole did not remain stable throughout the climatic fluctuations of the quaternary. the result is that long-term associations of species cannot be inferred by contemporary associations in ecological communities. therefore, the evolutionary significance of any contemporary ecological interactions among species and of the biotic community within which species have evolved also cannot be assumed from contemporary conditions ... | 2006 | 17054499 |
| mammal diversity and infection prevalence in the maintenance of enzootic borrelia burgdorferi along the western coastal plains of maryland. | the primary vector of borrelia burgdorferi in north america, ixodes scapularis, feeds on various mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts. several small mammal hosts; peromyscus leucopus, tamias striatus, microtus pennsylvanicus, and blarina spp. can serve as reservoirs in an enzootic cycle of lyme disease. the primary reservoir in the northeast united states is the white-footed mouse, p. leucopus. the infection prevalence of this reservoir as well as the roles of potential secondary reservoirs has ... | 2006 | 17187577 |
| absence of la crosse virus in the presence of aedes triseriatus on the delmarva peninsula. | between 1980 and 1984, field studies were conducted in 2 areas on the delmarva peninsula to identify the presence of la crosse (lac) virus. ovitraps were used to collect eggs of aedes triseriatus complex mosquitoes. no virus was obtained from 969 pools containing 22,370 adult mosquitoes reared from eggs. only 1 of 143 raccoon serum samples had neutralizing antibody to lac virus; 36 sentinel domestic goats, and 99 other wild mammal serum samples were negative. the apparent absence of lac virus ma ... | 1986 | 3507467 |
| viremia and antibody response to la crosse virus in sentinel gray squirrels (sciuris carolinensis) and chipmunks tamias striatus). | six isolates of la crosse (lac) virus were obtained from sentinel gray squirrels (sciuris carolinensis) and four from sentinel chipmunks (tamias striatus) in an endemic area. viremia titers were measured by plaquing on vero cells. antibody responses of the animals were measured by a microneutralization test employing four california group viruses: lac, snowshoe hare (ssh), trivittatus, and jamestown canyon. in both species lac antibody titers peaked at approximately 21 days and were still detect ... | 1977 | 889022 |
| west nile virus viremia in eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) sufficient for infecting different mosquitoes. | in eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) inoculated intramuscularly with 101.5 to 105.7 pfu of west nile virus (wnv), serum titers developed sufficient to infect aedes triseriatus (say), ae. vexans (meigen), and culex pipiens (l.). mean titers (95% confidence interval) of 8 chipmunks were 103.9(3.3-4.5), 106.7(6.4-7.0), and 105.8(4.1-7.5) pfu/ml on days 1-3 postinoculation (p.i.) and 105.8 pfu/ml in 1 chipmunk on day 4 p.i. mean estimated days that wnv titers were >104.8 and >105.6 were 1.7 (1.1-2 ... | 2007 | 17553220 |
| animal temperament and human disturbance: implications for the response of wildlife to tourism. | studies on the response of wildlife to human disturbance generally focus on demographic changes or on physiological and behavioural modifications directly related to stress response. yet fewer studies have explored whether the distribution of individual animals in response to human disturbance is influenced by temperament. temperament represents the consistency of responses of individuals in reaction to novel or challenging situations. individuals are thus assumed to express highly consistent be ... | 2008 | 17683881 |
| response to enrichment, type and timing: small mammals vary in their response to a springtime cicada but not a carbohydrate pulse. | 1. masting events in the autumn provide a carbohydrate-rich pulse of resources that can influence the dynamics of small mammals and their natural enemies. similar patterns are observed with the periodical cicada emergence which provides a protein-rich pulse in the spring, but comparisons are confounded by timing and food type. 2. we compared the influence of a naturally occurring spring pulse of cicadas with an experimental spring pulse of carbohydrate-rich seeds. we used a replicated population ... | 2009 | 18684131 |
| multiple causes of variable tick burdens on small-mammal hosts. | blood meals by blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis) on vertebrate hosts serve to transmit the agents of several zoonotic diseases, including lyme disease, human babesiosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, between host and tick. if ticks are aggregated on hosts, a small proportion of hosts may be responsible for most transmission events. therefore, a key element in understanding and controlling the transmission of these pathogens is identifying the group(s) or individuals feeding a dispropo ... | 2008 | 18724736 |
| associations between ixodes scapularis ticks and small mammal hosts in a newly endemic zone in southeastern canada: implications for borrelia burgdorferi transmission. | immature ixodes scapularis infestation and borrelia burgdorferi infection of wild small mammals were studied from june to october in 2007 and from may to october in 2008 at 71 study sites in a zone where i. scapularis populations and environmental lyme disease risk are emerging in southwestern quebec. seasonal host-seeking activity of immature i. scapularis was similar to patterns reported previously in canada and the usa: nymphal activity peaked in spring while larval activity peaked in late su ... | 2011 | 22108010 |
| agents of human anaplasmosis and lyme disease at camp ripley, minnesota. | the transmission dynamics of anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) among ixodes scapularis (is) and mammalian hosts was investigated at camp ripley, an area representative of central minnesota. prevalence of white-footed mouse infection with ap and bb were 20% and 42%, respectively, with a coinfection level of 14%. peak levels of infection with both agents occurred in may. the average levels of seropositivity to ap and bb were 29.3% and 48%, respectively. of the mice infec ... | 2011 | 21867420 |
| an electron microscopic analysis of the optic nerve of the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus): total fiber count and retinotopic organisation. | on the basis of light and electron microscopic observations of the cross-section, the total count of optic nerve fibers in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus) was estimated to be 5.65 x 10(5). almost all the fibers were myelinated and only 0.9% were unmyelinated. axon diameters of myelinated fibers showed a skewed unimodal distribution ranging from 0.2 to 3.6 microns (mean, 0.83) with the peak at 0.6-0.7 microns. myelin sheath thickness positively correlated with the axon diameter. ... | 2012 | 3447344 |
| biphasic mortality response of chipmunks in the wild to single doses of ionizing radiation: toxicity and longevity hormesis. | based on survivalship data from tryon and snyder, wild chipmunks (tamias striatus), captured, exposed to single doses of either 200 or 400 rad ionizing radiation, and subsequently returned to their natural habitat, exhibited a biphasic response in age-specific mortality rate (omega x). on the one hand, a residuum of unrepaired toxicity (injury) appeared to persist and manifest itself throughout life (enhancement of omega x values). a second response, termed longevity hormesis (of unknown mechani ... | 1993 | 2272289 |
| influence of host size on louse densities on eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | | 2012 | 3585640 |
| the effects of artificial radiation on energetics of the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus. | | 2014 | 4149007 |
| reservoir competence of wildlife host species for babesia microti. | human babesiosis is an increasing health concern in the northeastern united states, where the causal agent, babesia microti, is spread through the bite of infected ixodes scapularis ticks. we sampled 10 mammal and 4 bird species within a vertebrate host community in southeastern new york to quantify reservoir competence (mean percentage of ticks infected by an individual host) using real-time pcr. we found reservoir competence levels >17% in white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), raccoons (pro ... | 2012 | 23171673 |
| association between body size and reservoir competence of mammals bearing borrelia burgdorferi at an endemic site in the northeastern united states. | the reservoirs for the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi, are dominated by several different small to medium sized mammals in eastern north america. | 2015 | 26024881 |
| an experimental test of competition among mice, chipmunks, and squirrels in deciduous forest fragments. | mixed hardwood forests of the northeast united states support a guild of granivorous/omnivorous rodents including gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis), eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus), and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). these species coincide geographically, co-occur locally, and consume similar food resources. despite their idiosyncratic responses to landscape and patch variables, patch occupancy models suggest that competition may influence their respective distributions and abu ... | 2013 | 23824654 |
| prevalence of human-active and variant 1 strains of the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum in hosts and forests of eastern north america. | anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by infection with the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. in the eastern united states, a. phagocytophilum is transmitted to hosts through the bite of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. we determined the realized reservoir competence of 14 species of common vertebrate hosts for ticks by establishing the probability that each species transmits two important strains of a. phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum human-active, which causes hum ... | 2014 | 24865688 |
| synchronous phenology of juvenile ixodes scapularis, vertebrate host relationships, and associated patterns of borrelia burgdorferi ribotypes in the midwestern united states. | to elucidate features of enzootic maintenance of the lyme disease bacterium that affect human risk of infection, we conducted a longitudinal study of the phenology of the vector tick, ixodes scapularis, at a newly invaded site in the north-central united states. surveys for questing ticks and ticks parasitizing white-footed mice and eastern chipmunks revealed that i. scapularis nymphal and larval activity peaked synchronously in june and exhibited an atypical, unimodal seasonality. adult seasona ... | 2012 | 22297162 |
| flotac for diagnosis of endo-parasites in pet squirrels in southern italy. | the present study investigated the occurrence of endoparasites in pet squirrels in southern italy. fresh fecal samples were collected from 50 asymptomatic pet squirrels belonging to five different species (callosciurus finlaysonii, n=6, c. prevosti, n=6; tamias striatus, n=26, t. sibiricus, n=10; sciurus carolinensis, n=2) housed both in pet shops and/or in private residences. all fecal samples were processed using the flotac pellet technique to identify and count helminth eggs/larvae and protoz ... | 2014 | 24389007 |
| prevalence of the bacterium coxiella burnetii in wild rodents from a canadian natural environment park. | zoonotic diseases impact both wild and domestic animal populations and can be transmitted to humans through close contact with animal species. reservoir species acting as vectors are major traffickers of disease. rodents contribute to the transmission of coxiella burnetii although little is known about its prevalence in wild animal populations. dna was extracted from genital swabs collected from woodland jumping mice, deer mice, southern red-backed voles, eastern chipmunks, north american red sq ... | 2012 | 22639912 |
| survey of hymenolepis spp. in pet rodents in italy. | we carried out the first survey of hymenolepis spp. infection in pet rodents in italy. fresh fecal samples were collected from 172 pet rodents as follows: guinea pigs (cavia porcellus; n = 60), squirrels (callosciurus finlaysonii, callosciurus prevosti, tamias striatus, tamias sibiricus, sciurus calorinensis; n = 52), hamsters (phodopus campbelli, mesocricetus auratus; n = 30), chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera; n = 13), rats (rattus norvegicus; n = 10), and mice (mus minutoides; n = 7). these an ... | 2015 | 26290218 |
| west nile virus associations in wild mammals: a synthesis. | exposures to west nile virus (wnv) have been documented in a variety of wild mammals in both the new and old worlds. this review tabulates at least 100 mammal species with evidence of wnv exposure. many of these exposures were detected in free-ranging mammals, while several were noted in captive individuals. in addition to exposures, this review discusses experimental infections in terms of the potential for reservoir competence of select wild mammal species. overall, few experimental infections ... | 2013 | 23212739 |
| survival value of suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) in four wild sciurid rodents. | laboratory and field data relevant to the survival value of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) pacemaker are presented for 4 related north american squirrel species that evolved in habitats with markedly different environmental conditions. laboratory studies used free-running activity rhythms under constant conditions as the signature of an endogenous pacemaker. field studies documented the circadian ecology of the 4 species; survival of intact controls was compared, when possible, with an scn-les ... | 2014 | 24886187 |
| ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus). | ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells were studied in whole-mounted retinas of the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus) by labelling these cells with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) injected into the optic tract. the hrp-labelled cells were distributed exclusively in the temporal crescent which occupied about a quarter of the whole retinal area. the temporal crescent contained contralaterally projecting cells as well as ipsilaterally projecting cells. the soma size of ipsilaterally proje ... | 1985 | 4000548 |
| effects of disturbance on small mammal community structure in the new jersey pinelands, usa. | we compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on warren grove gunnery range (wgr) in the new jersey pinelands. wgr is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare ecosystem. disturbance in the form of fire, mowing, soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and distribution. of the 14 small mammal species that occur in the pinelands, 9 live on wgr, including large ... | 2012 | 22405445 |
| nesting songbirds assess spatial heterogeneity of predatory chipmunks by eavesdropping on their vocalizations. | 1. information benefits organisms living in a heterogeneous world by reducing uncertainty associated with decision making. for breeding passerines, information reliably associated with nest failure, such as predator activity, can be used to adjust breeding decisions leading to higher reproductive success. 2. predator vocalizations may provide a source of current information for songbirds to assess spatial heterogeneity in risk that enables them to make appropriate nest-site and territory placeme ... | 2011 | 21699539 |
| effects of climate and exurban development on nest predation and predator presence in the southern appalachian mountains (usa). | in the eastern united states, land-use and climate change have likely contributed to declines in the abundance of neotropical migrant birds that occupy forest interiors, but the mechanisms are not well understood. we conducted a nest-predation experiment in southern appalachian mountain forests (north carolina, u.s.a.) during the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons to determine the effects of exurban development and temperature on predator presence and the average number of days until eggs in an arti ... | 2012 | 22624665 |
| anticipation and tracking of pulsed resources drive population dynamics in eastern chipmunks. | pulsed systems are characterized by boom and bust cycles of resource production that are expected to cascade through multiple trophic levels. many of the consumers within pulsed resource systems have specific adaptations to cope with these cycles that may serve to either amplify or dampen their community-wide consequences. we monitored a seed predator, the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus), in an american beech (fagus grandifolia) dominated forest, and used capture-mark-recapture analyses to es ... | 2011 | 22164826 |
| eimeria spp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in pennsylvania with a description of one new species. | intestinal contents of 41 eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) from armstrong county, pennsylvania, were examined for the presence of eimeria spp. three previously named species were identified: e. lateralis (prevalence = 9%), e. ovata (3%), and e. vilasi (74%); 1 new species, eimeria tamiensis n. sp. (74%), is described here. this report extends the geographic ranges of the named species into pennsylvania. sporulated oocysts of e. tamiensis n. sp. are ovoid and 18.6 x 14.5 (16-23 x 12-17) microm ... | 2001 | 11227885 |
| three-dimensional launch kinematics in leaping, parachuting and gliding squirrels. | leaping, parachuting and gliding are the primary means by which arboreal squirrels negotiate gaps in the canopy. there are notable differences among the three locomotor modes with respect to mid-air postures and aerodynamics, yet it is unclear whether variation should also be expected during the launch phase of locomotion. to address this question, launch kinematic profiles were compared in leaping (tamias striatus), parachuting (tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and gliding (glaucomys volans) squirrels. ... | 2002 | 12124370 |
| wood thrush nest success and post-fledging survival across a temporal pulse of small mammal abundance in an oak forest. | 1. synchronized mass production of seed crops, such as acorns, produces a resource pulse that may have far-reaching consequences for songbird populations through its effects on avian predators. seed production in these forests represents only the first of several pulsed events. secondary pulses emerge as mast-consuming rodents numerically respond to seed production and tertiary pulses emerge as generalist predators, such as raptors, numerically respond to rodents. in turn, these two groups reduc ... | 2008 | 18355240 |
| influence of experimentally elevated testosterone on nest defence in dark-eyed juncos. | testosterone affects the allocation of reproductive effort in male birds. elevated testosterone causes male dark-eyed juncos, junco hyemalis, to decrease care of dependant offspring, but this generalization is based largely on reduced provisioning rates by males treated with testosterone. therefore, we used a predator model to explore the relationship between testosterone and nest defence, a more immediate measure of male parental effort. control males (c-males) were more likely to respond withi ... | 1998 | 9784210 |
| the effect of predation on begging-call evolution in nestling wood warblers. | i combined a comparative study of begging in ground- and tree-nesting wood warblers (parulidae) with experimental measures of the predation costs of warbler begging calls. throughout their development, ground-nesting warbler nestlings had significantly higher-frequency begging calls than did tree-nesting warblers. there was also a trend for ground-nesting birds to have less rapidly modulated calls. there were no consistent associations between nesting site and the amplitude of the calls. using m ... | 1999 | 10202097 |
| quantifying dilution and amplification in a community of hosts for tick-borne pathogens. | recent controversy over whether biodiversity reduces disease risk (dilution effect) has focused on the ecology of lyme disease, a tick-borne zoonosis. a criticism of the dilution effect is that increasing host species richness might amplify disease risk, assuming that total host abundance, and therefore feeding opportunities for ticks, increase with species richness. in contrast, a dilution effect is expected when poor quality hosts for ticks and pathogens (dilution hosts) divert tick blood meal ... | 2016 | 27209790 |
| search: spatially explicit animal response to composition of habitat. | complex decisions dramatically affect animal dispersal and space use. dispersing individuals respond to a combination of fine-scale environmental stimuli and internal attributes. individual-based modeling offers a valuable approach for the investigation of such interactions because it combines the heterogeneity of animal behaviors with spatial detail. most individual-based models (ibms), however, vastly oversimplify animal behavior and such behavioral minimalism diminishes the value of these mod ... | 2013 | 23717647 |
| non-suppressibility by room light of pineal n-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels in two diurnally active rodents, the mexican ground squirrel (spermophilus mexicanus) and the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). | the rhythms in pineal n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity and melatonin levels were studied in the diurnally active mexican ground squirrel and eastern chipmunk. in the ground squirrel, both nat activity and melatonin levels exhibited a marked nocturnal rise; these increases were not prevented by the exposure of these animals to a light irradiance of 200 microw/cm2 throughout the night. in the eastern chipmunk, darkness at night was also associated with a marked rise in both the activity of the a ... | 1984 | 6541997 |
| insights on the host associations and geographic distribution of hymenolepis folkertsi (cestoda: hymenolepididae) among rodents across temperate latitudes of north america. | synoptic data and an understanding of helminth parasite diversity among diverse rodent assemblages across temperate latitudes of north america remain remarkably incomplete. renewed attention to comprehensive survey and inventory to establish the structure of biodiverse faunas is essential in providing indicators and proxies for identifying the outcomes of accelerating change linked to climate warming and anthropogenic forcing. subsequent to the description of hymenolepis folkertsi in the oldfiel ... | 2016 | 27630100 |
| exploration of stable isotope analysis for tick host identification. | due to the problem of tick-borne diseases, there is a need to better understand the importance of different host species in maintaining enzootic disease cycles. we explored the utility of stable isotope analysis to identify the larval hosts of questing ixodid ticks. in laboratory experiments, we used ixodes scapularis and two host species that are important in the lyme disease system in eastern north america. first, we tested how effectively a short-term dietary tracer (13c in corn) was reflecte ... | 2017 | 28919405 |
| evaluating the influence of life-history characteristics on genetic structure: a comparison of small mammals inhabiting complex agricultural landscapes. | conversion of formerly continuous native habitats into highly fragmented landscapes can lead to numerous negative demographic and genetic impacts on native taxa that ultimately reduce population viability. in response to concerns over biodiversity loss, numerous investigators have proposed that traits such as body size and ecological specialization influence the sensitivity of species to habitat fragmentation. in this study, we examined how differences in body size and ecological specialization ... | 2016 | 27648250 |
| linking songbird nest predation to seedling density: sugar maple masting as a resource pulse in a forest food web. | the ecological literature presents considerable evidence for top-down forcing on the maintenance of species diversity. yet, in temperate forests, bottom-up forces often exert a strong influence on ecosystem functioning. here, we report on the indirect influence of a pulsed resource, sugar maple (acer saccharum) seed production, on nest survival in a migratory songbird. we hypothesized that seed production in year t would determine daily nest survival rate in year t + 1 through its effects on see ... | 2017 | 29299253 |
| deciphering the effects of disperser assemblages and seed mass on patterns of seed dispersal in a rodent community. | the sizes of both seed dispersers and seeds are traits that are likely to interact to influence seed fate in many synzoochoric plant species. here, we examined whether members of a granivorous rodent community consisting of species of different body size vary in their effectiveness as seed dispersers, and how this relationship may be altered by seed size. we marked northern red oak (quercus rubra) acorns with plastic tags and placed them in size-selective rodent exclosures. the exclosures allowe ... | 2017 | 28488781 |
| vigilance as a benefit of intermittent locomotion in small mammals | in many animal species, locomotion is frequently interrupted by brief pauses. this intermittent locomotion is usually considered a mode of prey search, but other possible functions include reduced detection or attack by predators and improved endurance. we tested the hypothesis that pauses also serve to improve vigilance for predators in two species of sciurid rodent. videotaping animals travelling between food-collecting and food-hoarding sites revealed that numerous short pauses comprise 5-38% ... | 1998 | 9480677 |
| a comparative study of caching and pilfering behavior in two sympatric species, least chipmunks (tamias minimus) and eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | we captured least chipmunks (tamias minimus) and eastern chipmunks (t. striatus) from overlapping populations and assessed their comparative success at heterospecific pilfering in a naturalistic laboratory setting. the smaller species (t. minimus) found their competitors' caches more quickly and with less effort. we traced the success of least chipmunks to foraging behavior that targeted the vulnerabilities of eastern chipmunk caches, and a cache placement counterstrategy that protected their ow ... | 2011 | 21767007 |
| retinal inputs to the geniculate relay cells in the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus): a comparison between color and non-color sensitive cells. | single unit recordings were made from the relay cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the eastern chipmunk. of 362 relay cells, 47 cells (13%) were classified as color sensitive and the rest as non-color sensitive cells. non-color sensitive cells were further classified into 5 subclasses: off-phasic, on-phasic, on-off-phasic, on-tonic and uncommon types. within the color sensitive cells there were 3 subclasses; blue excited and green inhibited (+b-g), blue inhibited and green excited (-b+g) ... | 1987 | 3567568 |
| distribution and soma size of ganglion cells in the retina of the eastern chipmunk (tamias sibiricus asiaticus). | topographic distribution and soma size of ganglion cells were studied in nissl-stained, whole-mounted retinas of the eastern chipmunk. high density areas in the central retina were elongated horizontally, making up the visual streak. the total count of ganglion cells was estimated as 410,000. throughout the retina soma size of ganglion cells showed a uimodal distribution, although a distinct population of large cells was found in the dorso-temporal periphery. | 1985 | 4049737 |
| highly divergent 18s rrna gene paralogs in a cryptosporidium genotype from eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan parasite that causes the disease cryptosporidiosis in humans, livestock, and other vertebrates. much of the knowledge on cryptosporidium diversity is derived from 18s rrna gene (18s rdna) phylogenies. eukaryote genomes generally have multiple 18s rdna copies that evolve in concert, which is necessary for the accurate inference of phylogenetic relationships. however, 18s rdna copies in some genomes evolve by a birth-and-death process that can result in sequence ... | 2015 | 25772204 |
| assessing the permeability of landscape features to animal movement: using genetic structure to infer functional connectivity. | human-altered environments often challenge native species with a complex spatial distribution of resources. hostile landscape features can inhibit animal movement (i.e., genetic exchange), while other landscape attributes facilitate gene flow. the genetic attributes of organisms inhabiting such complex environments can reveal the legacy of their movements through the landscape. thus, by evaluating landscape attributes within the context of genetic connectivity of organisms within the landscape, ... | 2015 | 25719366 |
| manipulation of host-resource dynamics impacts transmission of trophic parasites. | many complex life cycle parasites rely on predator-prey interactions for transmission, whereby definitive hosts become infected via the consumption of an infected intermediate host. as such, these trophic parasites are embedded in the larger community food web. we postulated that exposure to infection and, hence, parasite transmission are inherently linked to host foraging ecology, and that perturbation of the host-resource dynamic will impact parasite transmission dynamics. we employed a field ... | 2014 | 24929136 |
| network transmission inference: host behavior and parasite life cycle make social networks meaningful in disease ecology. | the process of disease transmission is determined by the interaction of host susceptibility and exposure to parasite infectious stages. host behavior is an important determinant of the likelihood of exposure to infectious stages but is difficult to measure and often assumed to be homogenous in models of disease spread. we evaluated the importance of precisely defining host contact when using networks that estimate exposure and predict infection prevalence in a replicated, empirical system. in pa ... | 2013 | 24555316 |
| validation and use of hair cortisol as a measure of chronic stress in eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | stress levels of individuals are documented using glucocorticoid concentrations (including cortisol) in blood, saliva, urine or faeces, which provide information about stress hormones during a short period of time (minutes to days). in mammals, use of hair cortisol analysis allows for the assessment of prolonged stress over weeks and months and provides information on chronic stress levels without bias associated with handling. here, we validate hair cortisol analysis in wild rodents using exoge ... | 2014 | 27293676 |
| pulsed resources and the coupling between life-history strategies and exploration patterns in eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | understanding the causes of animal personality (i.e. consistent behavioural differences) is a major aim of evolutionary studies. recent theoretical work suggests that major personality traits may contribute to evolutionary trade-offs. however, such associations have only been investigated in a few study systems, and even less so in free ranging animal populations. eastern chipmunks exhibit consistent individual differences in exploration, ranging from slow to fast. birth cohorts also experience ... | 2014 | 24180283 |
| disruptive viability selection on adult exploratory behaviour in eastern chipmunks. | heterogeneous forces of selection associated with fluctuating environments are recognized as important factors involved in the maintenance of inter-individual phenotypic variance within populations. consistent behavioural differences over time and across situations (e.g. personality) are increasingly cited as examples of individual variation observed within populations. however, the suggestion that heterogeneous selective pressures target different animal personalities remains largely untested i ... | 2013 | 23437956 |
| behavioural impacts of torpor expression: a transient effect in captive eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | species use torpor, an extreme form of heterothermy, to survive periods of limited resource supply. studies of hibernating animals have shown that torpor causes major structural and physiological changes in the brain, many of which are reversed during periodic arousals. this suggests that behaviour may change during and following the hibernation period. here we investigate individual performance in behavioural tests prior to and during hibernation by captive eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). ... | 2013 | 23313403 |
| context-dependent correlation between resting metabolic rate and daily energy expenditure in wild chipmunks. | several empirical studies have shown that variation in daily energy expenditure (dee) and resting metabolic rate (rmr) is influenced by environmental and individual factors, but whether these shared influences are responsible for, or independent of, relationships between dee and rmr remains unknown. the objectives of this study were to (i) simultaneously evaluate the effects of environmental and individual variables on dee and rmr in free-ranging eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) and (ii) quan ... | 2013 | 23077163 |
| environmental conditions affect spatial genetic structures and dispersal patterns in a solitary rodent. | the study of the spatial distribution of relatives in a population under contrasted environmental conditions provides critical insights into the flexibility of dispersal behaviour and the role of environmental conditions in shaping population relatedness and social structure. yet few studies have evaluated the effects of fluctuating environmental conditions on relatedness structure of solitary species in the wild. the aim of this study was to determine the impact of interannual variations in env ... | 2012 | 23017101 |
| the energetic and survival costs of growth in free-ranging chipmunks. | the growth/survival trade-off is a fundamental aspect of life-history evolution that is often explained by the direct energetic requirement for growth that cannot be allocated into maintenance. however, there is currently no empirical consensus on whether fast-growing individuals have higher resting metabolic rates at thermoneutrality (rmrt) than slow growers. moreover, the link between growth rate and daily energy expenditure (dee) has never been tested in a wild endotherm. we assessed the ener ... | 2013 | 22692385 |
| noninvasive monitoring of fecal cortisol metabolites in the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus): validation and comparison of two enzyme immunoassays. | monitoring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in wild animals, using enzyme immunoassays, enables the study of endocrinological patterns relevant to ecology and evolution. while some researchers use antibodies against the parent hormone (which is typically absent from fecal samples), others advocate the use of antibodies designed to detect glucocorticoid metabolites. we validated two assays to monitor fecal cortisol metabolites in the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). we compared an antibody pro ... | 2013 | 22418710 |
| stress-induced rise in body temperature is repeatable in free-ranging eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus). | in response to handling or other acute stressors, most mammals, including humans, experience a temporary rise in body temperature (t(b)). although this stress-induced rise in t(b) has been extensively studied on model organisms under controlled environments, individual variation in this interesting phenomenon has not been examined in the field. we investigated the stress-induced rise in t(b) in free-ranging eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) to determine first if it is repeatable. we predicted ... | 2012 | 22076533 |
| evidence of multiple paternity and mate selection for inbreeding avoidance in wild eastern chipmunks. | mate selection for inbreeding avoidance is documented in several taxa. in mammals, most conclusive evidence comes from captive experiments that control for the availability of mates and for the level of genetic relatedness between mating partners. however, the importance of mate selection for inbreeding avoidance as a determinant of siring success in the wild has rarely been addressed. we followed the reproduction of a wild population of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) during five breeding s ... | 2011 | 21585586 |