| phylogeography of the new zealand cicada maoricicada campbelli based on mitochondrial dna sequences: ancient clades associated with cenozoic environmental change. | new zealand's isolation, its well-studied rapidly changing landscape, and its many examples of rampant speciation make it an excellent location for studying the process of genetic differentiation. using 1520 base pairs of mitochondrial dna from the cytochrome oxidase subunit i, atpase subunits 6 and 8 and trna(asp) genes, we detected two well-differentiated, parapatrically distributed clades within the widespread new zealand cicada species maoricicada campbelli that may prove to represent two sp ... | 2001 | 11525463 |
| eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in adults of two 17-year periodical cicadas, magicicada septendecim and m. cassini. | nodulation is the first and quantitatively most important cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. treating adults of the 17-year periodical cicadas, magicicada septendecim and m. cassini, with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium, serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation response to bacterial challenges. separate treatments with specific inhibitors of phospholipase a(2), cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygena ... | 1999 | 12770285 |
| developmental and transcriptional responses to host and nonhost cuticles by the specific locust pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. | transcript patterns elicited in response to hosts can reveal how fungi recognize suitable hosts and the mechanisms involved in pathogenicity. these patterns could be fashioned by recognition of host-specific topographical features or by chemical components displayed or released by the host. we investigated this in the specific locust pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. only host (schistocerca gregaria) cuticle stimulated the full developmental program of germination and differentiation ... | 2005 | 15879528 |
| predicting emergence, chorusing, and oviposition of periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas in the genus magicicada have an unusual life history that includes an exceptionally long life cycle and a massive, synchronized emergence. distributions in woodland habitat are extremely patchy, and an unresolved problem is how the patchiness is generated and maintained. we undertook a study in princeton, new jersey, usa, to determine if habitat factors such as tree height, distance to the nearest neighbor, and amount of foliage influence distributions of nymphal emergences, c ... | 2006 | 16637366 |
| population dynamics of a generalist rodent in relation to variability in pulsed food resources in a fragmented landscape. | 1. pulsed food resources are often considered equivalent in their potential impact on the reproduction and population dynamics of consumers, but differences in the attributes of food pulses and their distribution in the landscape may cause differences in their effects. 2. we tested whether a perishable pulsed resource (periodical cicadas, magicicada spp.) had similar effects on the population dynamics of a generalist forest rodent, peromyscus leucopus, as have been reported for a cacheable pulse ... | 2008 | 17976166 |
| response to enrichment, type and timing: small mammals vary in their response to a springtime cicada but not a carbohydrate pulse. | 1. masting events in the autumn provide a carbohydrate-rich pulse of resources that can influence the dynamics of small mammals and their natural enemies. similar patterns are observed with the periodical cicada emergence which provides a protein-rich pulse in the spring, but comparisons are confounded by timing and food type. 2. we compared the influence of a naturally occurring spring pulse of cicadas with an experimental spring pulse of carbohydrate-rich seeds. we used a replicated population ... | 2009 | 18684131 |
| evidence for paternal leakage in hybrid periodical cicadas (hemiptera: magicicada spp.). | mitochondrial inheritance is generally assumed to be maternal. however, there is increasing evidence of exceptions to this rule, especially in hybrid crosses. in these cases, mitochondria are also inherited paternally, so "paternal leakage" of mitochondria occurs. it is important to understand these exceptions better, since they potentially complicate or invalidate studies that make use of mitochondrial markers. we surveyed f1 offspring of experimental hybrid crosses of the 17-year periodical ci ... | 2007 | 17849021 |
| red-winged blackbird predation on periodical cicadas (cicadidae: magicicada spp.): bird behavior and cicada responses. | predation by red-winged blackbirds agelaius phoeniceus l. on 13-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) and reactions by periodical cicadas to predators were studied during emergence of brood xix during summer of 1985 in northwestern arkansas (usa). emergences of periodical cicadas are classic examples of predator satiation due to high local densities of cicadas and birds are the major predators of adult periodical cicadas. reactions of periodical cicadas to predators were assessed by recordin ... | 1988 | 28312013 |
| effects of superabundant food on breeding success and behavior of the red-winged blackbird. | the effects of food on breeding success and behavior of the red-winged blackbird (icteridae: agelaius phoeniceus) were investigated during 3 successive breeding seasons. in the second season, a 4-week pulse of abundant food in the form of a periodical cicada emergence (homoptera: cicadidae: magicicada spp.) occurred in the forest adjacent to the marsh where the birds were breeding.during the cicada period, the bird population showed: 1) an increase in foraging trips to the forest and a decrease ... | 1986 | 28311655 |
| embryonic development of pleuropodia of the cicada, magicicada cassini. | in many insects the first abdominal segment possesses embryonic appendages called pleuropodia. here we show the embryogenesis of pleuropodial cells of the periodical cicada, magicicada cassini (fisher 1851) (insecta, homoptera, cicadidae). an antibody, anti-horseradish perioxidase (hrp), that is usually neuron-specific strongly marked the pleuropodial anlagen and revealed their ectodermal origin shortly after limb bud formation. thereafter the cells sank into the epidermis and their apical parts ... | 2006 | 19537987 |
| sem characterization of anatomical variation in chitin organization in insect and arthropod cuticles. | the cuticles of insects and arthropods have some of the most diverse material properties observed in nature, so much so that it is difficult to imagine that all cutciles are primarily composed of the same two materials: a fibrous chitin network and a matrix composed of cuticle proteins. various factors contribute to the mechanical and optical properties of an insect or arthropod cuticle including the thickness and composition. in this paper, we also identified another factor that may contribute ... | 2016 | 26774746 |
| allochronic speciation, secondary contact, and reproductive character displacement in periodical cicadas (hemiptera: magicicada spp.): genetic, morphological, and behavioural evidence. | periodical cicadas have proven useful in testing a variety of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses because of their unusual life history, extraordinary abundance, and wide geographical range. periodical cicadas provide the best examples of synchronous periodicity and predator satiation in the animal kingdom, and are excellent illustrations of habitat partitioning (by the three morphologically distinct species groups), incipient species (the year classes or broods), and cryptic species (a newly ... | 2001 | 11298977 |
| primary structure of a novel neuropeptide isolated from the corpora cardiaca of periodical cicadas having adipokinetic and hypertrehalosemic activities. | a new neuropeptide hormone was isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the periodical cicadas, magicicada species. primary structure of the peptide as determined by a combination of automated edman degradation after enzymatic deblocking with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase and mass spectrometry is: pglu-val-asn-phe-ser-pro-ser-trp-gly-asn-nh2. synthetic peptide assayed in the green stink bug nezara viridula caused a 112% increase in hemolymph lipids at a dose of 0.625 pmol, and a 67% increase in hemo ... | 1995 | 7550248 |
| independent divergence of 13- and 17-y life cycles among three periodical cicada lineages. | the evolution of 13- and 17-y periodical cicadas (magicicada) is enigmatic because at any given location, up to three distinct species groups (decim, cassini, decula) with synchronized life cycles are involved. each species group is divided into one 13- and one 17-y species with the exception of the decim group, which contains two 13-y species-13-y species are magicicada tredecim, magicicada neotredecim, magicicada tredecassini, and magicicada tredecula; and 17-y species are magicicada septendec ... | 2013 | 23509294 |
| evolution of prolonged development: a life table analysis for periodical cicadas. | according to conventional wisdom, natural selection should favor early reproduction. prolonged development of 13 and 17 yr has been difficult to explain for periodical cicadas. earlier, i hypothesized that development may be long for periodical cicadas because fecundity increases as a function of longer development with little increased risk of mortality. in this article, i tested whether the fecundity was greater for 17-yr cicadas than for 13-yr cicadas and estimated the shape of the survivorsh ... | 1997 | 18811286 |
| sex differences noted in mercury bioaccumulation in magicicada cassini. | this study focuses on quantitative differences in mercury bioaccumulation based on the sex of the specimen. the species of interest is an herbivorous, terrestrial insect. male and female periodical cicadas (genus: magicicada) analyzed using combustion atomic absorption spectrophotometry exhibit different levels of mercury bioaccumulation. the concentration of mercury in magicicada cassini males was significantly higher than the concentration in females of the same species. | 2007 | 17553548 |
| what the buzz was all about: superfast song muscles rattle the tymbals of male periodical cicadas. | male cicadas produce mating calls by oscillating a pair of superfast tymbal muscles in their anterior abdominal cavity that pull on and buckle stiff-ribbed cuticular tymbal membranes located beneath the folded wings. the functional anatomy and rattling of the tymbal organ in 17 yr periodical cicada, magicicada cassini (brood x), were revealed by high-resolution microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electron microscopy, and laser vibrometry to understand the mechanism of sound pro ... | 2006 | 17012254 |
| periodical cicada: mechanism of sound production. | the species magicicada septendecim and magicicada cassini of the 17-year cicada produce sound by sequentially buckling a series of stiff ribs embedded in a flexible tymbal. each such collapse excites a damped oscillation in a resonant cavity. by this means the cavity (an abdominal air sac) is excited 10 to 12 times per muscle contraction, which permits a normal muscle to perform a task requiring very rapid repetitive activity. | 1971 | 17816488 |
| reconstructing asymmetrical reproductive character displacement in a periodical cicada contact zone. | selection against costly reproductive interactions can lead to reproductive character displacement (rcd). we use information from patterns of displacement and inferences about predisplacement character states to investigate causes of rcd in periodical cicadas. the 13-year periodical cicada magicicada neotredecim exhibits rcd and strong reproductive isolation in sympatry with a closely related 13-year species, magicicada tredecim. displacement is asymmetrical, because no corresponding pattern of ... | 2006 | 16674582 |
| reproductive character displacement and speciation in periodical cicadas, with description of new species, 13-year magicicada neotredecem. | acoustic mate-attracting signals of related sympatric, synchronic species are always distinguishable, but those of related allopatric species sometimes are not, thus suggesting that such signals may evolve to "reinforce" premating species isolation when similar species become sympatric. this hypothesis predicts divergences restricted to regions of sympatry in partially overlapping species, but such "reproductive character displacement" has rarely been confirmed. we report such a case in the acou ... | 2000 | 11005298 |
| a specialized fungal parasite (massospora cicadina) hijacks the sexual signals of periodical cicadas (hemiptera: cicadidae: magicicada). | male periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) infected with conidiospore-producing ("stage i") infections of the entomopathogenic fungus massospora cicadina exhibit precisely timed wing-flick signaling behavior normally seen only in sexually receptive female cicadas. male wing-flicks attract copulation attempts from conspecific males in the chorus; close contact apparently spreads the infective conidiospores. in contrast, males with "stage ii" infections that produce resting spores that wait for the ... | 2018 | 29362478 |
| idiosyncratic genome degradation in a bacterial endosymbiont of periodical cicadas. | when a free-living bacterium transitions to a host-beneficial endosymbiotic lifestyle, it almost invariably loses a large fraction of its genome [1, 2]. the resulting small genomes often become stable in size, structure, and coding capacity [3-5], as exemplified by sulcia muelleri, a nutritional endosymbiont of cicadas. sulcia's partner endosymbiont, hodgkinia cicadicola, similarly remains co-linear in some cicadas diverged by millions of years [6, 7]. but in the long-lived periodical cicada mag ... | 2017 | 29129532 |
| exploring the role of habitat on the wettability of cicada wings. | evolutionary pressure has pushed many extant species to develop micro/nanostructures that can significantly affect wettability and enable functionalities such as droplet jumping, self-cleaning, antifogging, antimicrobial, and antireflectivity. in particular, significant effort is underway to understand the insect wing surface structure to establish rational design tools for the development of novel engineered materials. most studies, however, have focused on superhydrophobic wings obtained from ... | 2017 | 28719187 |
| genomic divergence and lack of introgressive hybridization between two 13-year periodical cicadas support life cycle switching in the face of climate change. | life history evolution spurred by post-pleistocene climatic change is hypothesized to be responsible for the present diversity in periodical cicadas (magicicada), but the mechanism of life cycle change has been controversial. to understand the divergence process of 13-year and 17-year cicada life cycles, we studied genetic relationships between two synchronously emerging, parapatric 13-year periodical cicada species in the decim group, magicicada tredecim and m. neotredecim. the latter was hypot ... | 2016 | 27661077 |
| evolution of periodicity in periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) in the usa are famous for their unique prime-numbered life cycles of 13 and 17 years and their nearly perfectly synchronized mass emergences. because almost all known species of cicada are non-periodical, periodicity is assumed to be a derived state. a leading hypothesis for the evolution of periodicity in magicicada implicates the decline in average temperature during glacial periods. during the evolution of periodicity, the determinant of maturation in ance ... | 2015 | 26365061 |
| molecular phylogenetics, diversification, and systematics of tibicen latreille 1825 and allied cicadas of the tribe cryptotympanini, with three new genera and emphasis on species from the usa and canada<br />(hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha: cicadidae). | north america has a diverse cicada fauna with multiple genera from all three cicadidae subfamilies, yet molecular phylogenetic analyses have been completed only for the well-studied periodical cicadas (magicicada davis). the genus tibicen latreille, a large group of charismatic species, is in need of such work because morphological patterns suggest multiple groups with complicated relationships to other genera in the tribe cryptotympanini. in this paper we present a molecular phylogenetic analys ... | 2015 | 26250031 |
| geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation. | seven species in three species groups (decim, cassini and decula) of periodical cicadas (magicicada) occupy a wide latitudinal range in the eastern united states. to clarify how adult body size, a key trait affecting fitness, varies geographically with climate conditions and life cycle, we analysed the relationships of population mean head width to geographic variables (latitude, longitude, altitude), habitat annual mean temperature (amt), life cycle and species differences. within species, body ... | 2015 | 25975714 |
| experimental infection of a periodical cicada (magicicada cassinii) with a parasitoid (emblemasoma auditrix) of a proto-periodical cicada (okanagana rimosa). | the proto-periodical cicada okanagana rimosa is subject to infection by the acoustically orientating parasitoid fly emblemasoma auditrix. furthermore, it is also the only known host of e. auditrix. here we test the question, whether the highly adapted parasitoid can also infect other cicadas, like the periodical cicada (magicicada cassinii) and which steps of the parasitization process can be completed. the experiments might also reveal whether such a parasitoid could hypothetically have been in ... | 2014 | 25496534 |
| the emergence densities of annual cicadas (hemiptera: cicadidae) increase with sapling density and are greater near edges in a bottomland hardwood forest. | the emergence densities of cicadas tend to be patchy at multiple spatial scales. while studies have identified habitat conditions related to these patchy distributions, their interpretation has been based primarily on periodical cicada species; habitat factors associated with densities of nonperiodical (i.e., annual) cicadas have remained under studied. this is despite their widespread distribution, diversity, and role as an important trophic resource for many other organisms, particularly withi ... | 2014 | 24936981 |
| transient habitats limit development time for periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) mature in 13 or 17 years, the longest development times for any non-diapausing insects. selection may favor prolonged development since nymphs experience little mortality and individuals taking 17 years have been shown to have greater fecundity than those taking 13 years. why don't periodical cicadas take even longer to develop? nymphs feed on root xylem fluid and move little. ovipositing females prefer fast-growing trees at forest edges. i hypothesized that ... | 2014 | 24649639 |
| regularities and irregularities in periodical cicada evolution. | | 2013 | 23572580 |
| avian predation pressure as a potential driver of periodical cicada cycle length. | the extraordinarily long life cycles, synchronous emergences at 13- or 17-year intervals, and complex geographic distribution of periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) in eastern north america are a long-standing evolutionary enigma. although a variety of factors, including satiation of aboveground predators and avoidance of interbrood hybridization, have been hypothesized to shape the evolution of this system, no empirical support for these mechanisms has previously been reported, beyond the obse ... | 2013 | 23234852 |
| permanence induced by life-cycle resonances: the periodical cicada problem. | periodical cicadas are known for their unusually long life cycle for insects and their prime periodicity of either 13 or 17 years. one of the explanations for the prime periodicity is that the prime periods are selected to prevent cicadas from resonating with predators with submultiple periods. this paper considers this hypothesis by investigating a population model for periodical predator and prey. the study shows that if the periods of the two periodical species are not coprime, then the preda ... | 2012 | 22873619 |
| 6-year periodicity and variable synchronicity in a mass-flowering plant. | periodical organisms, such as bamboos and periodical cicadas, are very famous for their synchronous reproduction. in bamboos and other periodical plants, the synchronicity of mass-flowering and withering has been often reported indicating these species are monocarpic (semelparous) species. therefore, synchronicity and periodicity are often suspected to be fairly tightly coupled traits in these periodical plants. we investigate the periodicity and synchronicity of strobilanthes flexicaulis, and a ... | 2011 | 22163279 |
| avian predators are less abundant during periodical cicada emergences, but why? | despite a substantial resource pulse, numerous avian insectivores known to depredate periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) are detected less commonly during emergence years than in either the previous or following years. we used data on periodical cicada calls collected by volunteers conducting north american breeding bird surveys within the range of cicada brood x to test three hypotheses for this observation: lower detection rates could be caused by bird calls being obscured by cicada calls ("d ... | 2011 | 21608486 |
| life cycle replacement by gene introduction under an allee effect in periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) in the usa are divided into three species groups (-decim, -cassini, -decula) of similar but distinct morphology and behavior. each group contains at least one species with a 17-year life cycle and one with a 13-year cycle; each species is most closely related to one with the other cycle. one explanation for the apparent polyphyly of 13- and 17-year life cycles is that populations switch between the two cycles. using a numerical model, we test the general feas ... | 2011 | 21494682 |
| feeding ecology and evidence for amino acid synthesis in the periodical cicada (magicicada). | the periodical cicadas of the genus magicicada (including m. septendecim, m. cassini, and m. septendecula) have the longest juvenile life span of any insect, living underground for 13 or 17 years and feeding exclusively on root xylem fluids. due to their inaccessible life cycles very little is known about cicada nutrition, despite the fact that members of magicicada can achieve a very large biomass in woodland habitats east of the mississippi and hence constitute a major part of the ecosystem wh ... | 2011 | 21075111 |
| allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas are well known for their prime-numbered life cycles (17 and 13 years) and their mass periodical emergences. the origination and persistence of prime-numbered cycles are explained by the hybridization hypothesis on the basis of their lower likelihood of hybridization with other cycles. recently, we showed by using an integer-based numerical model that prime-numbered cycles are indeed selected for among 10- to 20-year cycles. here, we develop a real-number-based model to investi ... | 2009 | 19451640 |
| selection for prime-number intervals in a numerical model of periodical cicada evolution. | periodical cicadas are known for unusually long and prime-numbered life cycles (13 and 17 years) for insects. to explain the evolution of prime-numbered reproductive intervals (life cycles), the hybridization hypothesis claims that prime numbers greatly reduce the chance of hybridization with other life cycles. we investigate the hybridization hypothesis using a simulation model. this model is a deterministic, discrete population model with three parameters: larval survival per year, clutch size ... | 2009 | 19146596 |
| long-term habitat selection and chronic root herbivory: explaining the relationship between periodical cicada density and tree growth. | periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) are insect herbivores that feed on host tree roots, but their distribution among hosts is determined largely by the oviposition of female cicadas in the previous generation. a pattern of decreasing tree growth rates with increasing cicada densities is predicted when considering the costs of chronic root herbivory, but the opposite pattern is expected when considering adaptive habitat selection. here, we report observations indicating that the relationship bet ... | 2009 | 19012491 |
| a commentary on prime numbers and life cycles of periodical cicadas. | | 1998 | 18811410 |
| pulses of dead periodical cicadas increase herbivory of american bellflowers. | resource pulses can have both direct bottom-up and indirect top-down effects on their consumers, but comparatively few studies have investigated the top-down effects of naturally occurring resource pulses on plants. this study describes two years of field experiments conducted to determine the indirect effects of 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) on herbivory in american bellflowers (campanulastrum americanum). in 2004, the area of damaged leaves on cicada-supplemented plants was 78% ... | 2008 | 18589514 |
| comparing resource pulses in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. | resource pulses affect productivity and dynamics in a diversity of ecosystems, including islands, forests, streams, and lakes. terrestrial and aquatic systems differ in food web structure and biogeochemistry; thus they may also differ in their responses to resource pulses. however, there has been a limited attempt to compare responses across ecosystem types. here, we identify similarities and differences in the causes and consequences of resource pulses in terrestrial and aquatic systems. we pro ... | 2008 | 18459329 |
| response of host plants to periodical cicada oviposition damage. | insect oviposition on plants is widespread across many systems, but studies on the response of host plants to oviposition damage are lacking. although patterns of oviposition vary spatially and temporally, ovipositing insects that exhibit outbreak characteristics may have strong effects on host plants during peak abundance. periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.), in particular, may reduce the performance of host plants when they synchronously emerge in massive numbers to mate and oviposit on host ... | 2008 | 18327614 |
| allochthonous subsidy of periodical cicadas affects the dynamics and stability of pond communities. | periodical cicadas emerge from below ground every 13 or 17 years in north american forests, with individual broods representing the synchronous movement of trillions of individuals across geographic regions. due to predator satiation, most individuals escape predation, die, and become deposited as detritus. some of this emergent biomass falls into woodland aquatic habitats (small streams and woodland ponds) and serves as a high-quality allochthonous detritus pulse in early summer. we present res ... | 2007 | 17918396 |
| influence of soil chemistry on metal and bioessential element concentrations in nymphal and adult periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.). | metal and bioessential element concentrations were measured in three species of 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) to determine how cicada tissue chemistry is affected by soil chemistry, measure the bioavailability of metals from both uncontaminated and lead-arsenate-pesticide contaminated soils, and assess the potential risks of observed metal contamination for wildlife. periodical cicada nymphs feed on root xylem fluids for 13 or 17 years of underground development. the nymphs then e ... | 2007 | 17258290 |
| periodical cicadas use light for oviposition site selection. | organisms use incomplete information from local experience to assess the suitability of potential habitat sites over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. although ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial scales in habitat selection, few studies have investigated the temporal scales of habitat selection. in particular, cues in the immediate environment may commonly provide indirect information about future habitat quality. in periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.), oviposit ... | 2006 | 17015354 |
| the priming of periodical cicada life cycles. | periodical cicadas in the genus magicicada have unusually long life cycles for insects, with periodicities of either 13 or 17 years. biologists have explained the evolution of these prime number period lengths in terms of resource limitation, enemy avoidance, hybridization and climate change. here, i question two aspects of these explanations: that the origin of the life cycles was associated with pleistocene ice age events, and that they evolved from shorter life cycles through the lengthening ... | 2005 | 16701364 |
| comparison of exclusion and imidacloprid for reduction of oviposition damage to young trees by periodical cicadas (hemiptera: cicadidae). | insecticides are traditionally used to control periodical cicadas (homoptera: cicadidae) and to reduce associated injury caused by oviposition. however, research has shown that conventional insecticides have low or variable season-long efficacy in reducing injury caused by cicadas. new systemic neonicotinoid insecticides provide excellent levels of control against a variety of sucking insects. we compared the efficacy of a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, and a nonchemical control measur ... | 2005 | 16539142 |
| interactions between a detrital resource pulse and a detritivore community. | detritivore communities influence the decomposition of detrital resources in virtually all natural systems. conversely, detrital resources can also have considerable bottom-up effects on detritivore communities. while many investigations have examined detritivory and decomposition processes, few have considered interactions between detritivores and detritus as concurrent processes in the same system, or in the context of natural detrital pulses. in many systems, resource pulses contribute substa ... | 2006 | 16252119 |
| periodical cicadas as resource pulses in north american forests. | resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. this study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and ... | 2004 | 15567865 |
| power and control muscles of cicada song: structural and contractile heterogeneity. | sound production in cicadas is powered by a pair of large muscles whose contractions cause buckling of cuticular tymbals and thereby create sound pulses. sound is modulated by control muscles that alter the stiffness of the tymbals or change the shape of the abdominal resonance chamber. muscle ultrastructure and contractile properties were characterized for the tymbal muscle and two control muscles, the ventral longitudinal muscle and the tymbal tensor, of the periodical cicada magicicada septen ... | 2004 | 14745580 |
| a comment on gene introgression versus en masse cycle switching in the evolution of 13-year and 17-year life cycles in periodical cicadas. | | 2003 | 12683538 |
| infectivity of resting spores of massospora cicadina (entomophthorales: entomophthoraceae), an entomopathogenic fungus of periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) (homoptera: cicadidae). | massospora cicadina peck is a fungal pathogen of 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.). in northwest arkansas, during the spring 1998 emergence of the 13-year periodical cicada, magicicada tredecassini (brood xix), <1% of emerging cicadas were infected with the conidial stage of m. cicadina, similar to data collected from the same population in 1985. however, in northwest arkansas plots treated with m. cicadina resting spores collected from infected 17-year magicicada septendecim ... | 2002 | 12234535 |
| spatial variability in oviposition damage by periodical cicadas in a fragmented landscape. | effects of the periodical cicada (magicicada spp.) on forest dynamics are poorly documented. a 1998 emergence of m. cassini in eastern kansas led to colonization of a fragmented experimental landscape undergoing secondary succession. we hypothesized that per-tree rates of oviposition damage by cicadas would reflect: (1) distance from the source of the emergence, (2) patch size, and (3) local tree density. ovipositing females displayed clear preferences for host species and damage incidence showe ... | 2001 | 28547169 |
| chronic speciation in periodical cicadas. | allochronic speciation and reproductive character displacement are two intuitively attractive models of speciation. the first proposes that changes in the timing of life cycles produce new species, whereas the second suggests that speciation is due to the exaggeration of sexual isolation in sympatric populations. clear examples of either process in nature remain elusive, despite some extensive searches. two recent studies of mtdna markers and behaviour of periodical cicadas in north america have ... | 2001 | 11165695 |
| periodical cicadas. | the evolution of periodicity and synchronicity of magical cicadas is studied by means of mathematical models. | 2000 | 10885591 |
| large differences in substitutional pattern and evolutionary rate of 12s ribosomal rna genes. | we demonstrate using drosophila, periodical cicadas, and hominid primates, that the molecular clock based on animal mitochondrial small-subunit (12s) rrna genes ticks at significantly different relative rates depending on which taxa and which region of the gene are examined. drosophila, which are commonly used as model taxa, are evolving in a highly peculiar manner with the majority of sites in the 3' half of the 12s gene apparently invariant. the analogous 3' half of the mitochondrial large-sub ... | 1996 | 8752001 |
| a comment on pleistocene population bottlenecks in periodical cicadas (homoptera: cicadidae: magicicada spp.). | | 1992 | 28568668 |
| differing levels of among-population divergence in the mitochondrial dna of periodical cicadas related to historical biogeography. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes were determined for 118 individuals of 13-and 17-year periodical cicadas (genus magicicada) collected from 16 localities throughout the midwest and eastern united states. two distinct mtdna lineages, identified as a and b, differ by 2.5% based on analysis of fragment patterns and restriction maps. observed levels of mtdna diversity within each lineage are low compared to estimates for other taxa. the two lineages are regionally segregated, with the boundary l ... | 1990 | 28569016 |
| geographical patterns and population structure in periodical cicadas based on spatial analysis of allozyme frequencies. | there are twelve major broods, or year classes, of 17-year periodical cicadas and three major broods of 13-year cicadas. previous allozyme studies of three 13-year broods and two 17-year broods suggested that broods are distinct evolutionary units, exhibiting homogeneity within broods and heterogeneity among broods. results from numerical phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data from these broods supported lloyd and dybas's (1966a, 1966b) evolutionary hypothesis and were consistent with biogeograp ... | 1985 | 28564259 |
| a simple mendelian model for 13- and 17- year life cycles of periodical cicadas, with historical evidence of hybridization between them. | | 1983 | 28556014 |
| induced responses of cherry trees to periodical cicada oviposition. | cherry trees (prunus serotina) responded to oviposition by periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) by depositing gum at the egg nest. the proportion of cicada eggs that hatched successfully was significantly reduced at egg nests with visible gum compared to non-gummed egg nests. the number of egg nests with gum increased in proportion to the total number of egg nests on a tree. the probability of an egg nest having visible gum increased as the total number of egg nests increased. mortality at hatch ... | 1983 | 28310237 |
| spontaneous, field tested and tethered flight in healthy and infected magicicada septendecim l. | flight capabilities of healthy and fungus infected magicicada septendecim l. (homoptera: cicadidae) were compared using 3 complementary techniques: 1) observations of spontaneous flights, 2) field-tested flights, and 3) tethered flights in which endurance was measured. spontaneous flight distances are much lower than those obtained on field tested fliers. while healthy individuals flew significantly greater distances than did individuals bearing conidia or resting spores of the fungus, massospor ... | 1983 | 28309351 |
| morphological differentiation in wing venation among broods of 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas. | | 1983 | 28568034 |
| flight and dispersal of periodical cicadas. | periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) rarely flew distances greater than 50 m across an open field or along a forest edge. most cicadas caught after flying 50 m or more were females and all of these females had mated. flights were most common when adults were 2 to 3 weeks old. among insects in general, most dispersing individuals are barely post-teneral or extremely young. cicadas are discussed as an exception to this generality. both sexes of cicadas are attracted by the male song to chorusing c ... | 1981 | 28310002 |
| effects of local density on fecundity and mating speed for periodical cicadas. | the relationship between local density of adult periodical cicadas (magicicada septendecim) and fecundity was investigated at 3 sites in 1979 and 6 sites in 1980. in 1979, a sample taken 9 days after the emergence peak showed no significant differences in the number of vitellogenic follicles contained by females from the three sites. a later sample, taken 22 days after the emergence peak, revealed significant between-site differences in the number of follicles per female. individuals from the de ... | 1981 | 28310092 |
| sexual dimorphism of motorneurons: timbal muscle innervation in male periodical cicadas and homologous structures in females. | in 17-year cicadas, only the male has a sound-producing apparatus. it consists of paired abdominal timbals, each driven by a specialized timbal muscle. each muscle is innervated by a large timbal motorneuron. having the largest axon in the auditory nerve, its central structure is readily elucidated with cobalt. the largest cell in the female auditory nerve is found to be a motorneuron that bears striking resemblance to the timbal motorneuron of the male. on the basis of their anatomy within the ... | 1980 | 7407838 |
| sympatry of periodical cicada broods and the hypothetical four-year acceleration. | | 1976 | 28563326 |
| synchronization of periodical cicada emergences. | synchronized insect emergences are shown to be a possible consequence of predation in the presence of a limited environmental carrying capacity through a mathematical model for cicada populations that includes these two features. synchronized emergences, like those observed in 13- and 17-year cicades, are predicted for insects with sufficiently long life-spans. balanced solutions, in which comparable emergences occur each year, are found for insects having sufficiently short life-spans, such as ... | 1976 | 987617 |
| some properties of mitochondria isolated from the flight muscle of the periodical cicada, magicicada septendecim. | mitochondria from the flight muscle of the periodical cicada oxidize pyruvate and d-glycerol 1-phosphate at rates comparable with those obtained with flight-muscle mitochondria from other insects. the oxidation of d-glycerol 1-phosphate is greatly stimulated by low concentrations of ca(2+). however, oxidative phosphorylation with this substrate is optimum over only a narrow range of ca(2+) concentration, because of the ability of these mitochondria actively to accumulate ca(2+) present at microm ... | 1971 | 5113491 |
| periodical cicada: sound production and hearing. | the two main species intermingled in a brood of the 17-year cicada (magicicada) have distinctive sound-making patterns and correspondingly different hearing abilities. thus, they are acoustically isolated for mating purposes. their simultaneous emergence and community "singing" has the important advantage of repelling predators. | 1971 | 5099598 |
| the periodical cicada problem. ii. evolution. | | 1966 | 28562903 |
| screening insecticides for control of the adult periodical cicada. | | 1966 | 5976117 |
| the periodical cicada problem. i. population ecology. | | 1966 | 28563627 |
| combating the periodical cicada with insecticides. | | 1949 | 18236599 |
| effects of injuries caused by the cicada, magicicada septendecim, on the later growth of trees. | | 1941 | 16653742 |
| the green muscardine fungus on the periodical cicada. | | 1937 | 17743016 |
| the periodical cicada. | | 1922 | 17789009 |
| the fungus parasite of the periodical cicada. | | 1919 | 17815823 |
| a variant in the periodical cicada. | | 1911 | 17741339 |
| periodical cicada. | | 1893 | 17819059 |
| the song-notes of the periodical cicada. | | 1885 | 17837281 |
| periodical cicada in massachusetts. | | 1885 | 17801311 |
| premature appearance of the periodical cicada. | | 1885 | 17801305 |
| the periodical cicada. | | 1885 | 17772270 |
| premature appearance of the periodical cicada. | | 1885 | 17800261 |