| khasan virus, a new ungrouped bunyavirus isolated from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in the primorie region. | strain leiv-776p, possessing no haemagglutinating activity was isolated in 1971 in the primorie region (u.s.s.r.) from haemaphysalis longicornis neumann 1091 tick. complement fixation (cf) tests revealed no antigenic relationship with 24 antigenic groups of arboviruses or 21 ungrouped viruses isolated from ticks. the virus isolate contains rna and is relatively sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate; it is pathogenic for suckling mice and two-week-old white mice by the intracerebral route, a ... | 1978 | 27977 |
| development of acquired resistance precipitating antibody in rabbits experimentally infested with females of haemaphysalis longicornis (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | the resistance to the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (parthenogenetic okayama strain), manifested as a reduction in engorged body weight, developed in rabbits subjected to a series of adult female infestations. a single infestation with females always produced resistance in hosts. this production appeared to depend little on the number of ticks per infestation. unlike the previous papers, this study revealed that there was no reduction in the mean recovery rate of engorged females when t ... | 1978 | 77478 |
| epidemiology and control of anaplasmosis in australia. | anaplasmosis occurs in those areas of northern and eastern australia infested by the cattle tick boophilus microplus but it has been studied intensively only in queensland. anaplasmosis is predominantly a disease of autumn and winter and of cattle greater than 1 year of age. the complement fixation test has been used in serological surveys of the tick-infested areas of the state. both clinical and subclinical infections occur only in tick-infested areas and they are both more frequent in bos tau ... | 1979 | 553977 |
| the temperature and humidity preferences of haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes holocyclus and rhipicephalus sanguineus (ixodidae): studies on eggs. | | 1979 | 571858 |
| attempted transmission of anaplasma marginale by haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1978 | 655986 |
| differential variation of parthenogenetic and bisexual haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | morphological characters are measured from each tick specimen from samples of 10 "populations" of haemaphysalis longicornis. the 10 populations consist of 6 diploid bisexual and 4 triploid parthenogenetic populations from australia, japan, and korea. statistical analyses (univariate and multivariate) of differential morphological variation are made among sex, method of reproduction, and chromosome ploidy level in attempts to determine the effects of these parameters on overall variation. in gene ... | 1976 | 932923 |
| a comparative toxicological and biochemical study of the effects of coumaphos on larvae of haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. | | 1976 | 1052884 |
| feeding of boophilus microplus larvae on a partially defined medium through thin slices of cattle skin. | larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus will attach to thin (0-3--0-5 mm) slices of cattle skin and engorge on a partially defined medium at 35 degrees c. forty-seven to 83 per cent of the larvae had engorged by 8 days, and 51--71 per cent of these moulted to nymphs. tissue culture medium alone allowed little growth unless supplemented with dialysed, freeze dried bovine serum (7 per cent, w/v). this medium could be further difined by substituting purified bovine serum albumin (cohn frac ... | 1975 | 1128926 |
| [survey on tick vectors of lyme disease spirochetes in china]. | since 1987 we have been studying on lyme disease in china. there were 71 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi recovered from six species of ticks including ixodes persulcatus, ixodes granulatus, ixodes rangtangensis, haemaphysalis concinna. haemaphysalis bispinosa and haemaphysalis longicornis, and 55 isolates from ixodes persulcatus collected from heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning, nei-monggol, hebei and xinjiang region (province). ixodes persulcarus is the dominant species accounted for more than 80% ... | 1992 | 1300244 |
| observations of babesia gibsoni in midgut epithelial cells of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1992 | 1308256 |
| development of babesia ovata in the ovary and eggs of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | the ovary and eggs of adult tick haemaphysalis longicornis (h. longicornis) infected with babesia ovata (b. ovata), were examined at regular intervals of time. as a result kinetes could be detected in the ovary for the first time 6 days after engorgement. the kinetics could be classified into three types on the basis of their morphological characteristics. on the 2nd day after oviposition, round-formed protozoa were found in the ooplasm of the egg. in 5 days after oviposition, these round-formed ... | 1991 | 1811111 |
| development of babesia gibsoni in the gut epithelium of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1991 | 1830766 |
| development of babesia gibsoni in the hemolymph of the vector tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1991 | 1832036 |
| ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelial cells in feeding and moulting nymphs of the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | the midgut epithelial cells in nymphs fed on laboratory rabbits were examined during feeding and after detachment. the midgut epithelium at the unfed stage consisted of digestive cells of lower activity, containing such nutritive substances as protein, lipid and glycogen. as feeding proceeded, the cells became active in intracellular digestion. at the middle of the feeding stage, the spent digestive cells derived from the active digestive cells began to be replaced by the new digestive cells of ... | 1991 | 2040567 |
| infection rates of theileria sergenti in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from the field in japan. | for a period of one year haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected in a pasture from vegetation by dragging flannel cloth and from soil samples at monthly intervals. nymphal ticks were assessed for theileria infection. salivary glands were stained with methylgreen-pyronin and examined for parasite masses. nymphal h. longicornis infected with theileria sergenti were found in all samples during 12 months including the winter. after shortening the prefed period on rabbits to 24 hours, the para ... | 1990 | 2107351 |
| maturation of theileria sergenti in salivary glands of haemaphysalis longicornis induced by temperature stimulation. | the parthenogenetic haemaphysalis longicornis larvae engorged on cattle naturally infected with theileria sergenti were reared at 24 degrees c. the resultant nymphal ticks were incubated at 37 degrees c to clear the effect of incubation on the development and maturation of sporozoites. the sporozoites in the salivary glands of the nymphal ticks exposed to 37 degrees c for 16 days were observed by the methyl green pyronin staining method. the ticks exposed to 37 degrees c were ground up in a mort ... | 1990 | 2117090 |
| laboratory observations of haemaphysalis longicornis neumann after a human bite. | a case of a tick bite with haemaphysalis longicornis neumann is reported. the tick was found on the left lower abdomen of a 62-year-old female. the tick bite occurred in fuchu city, a suburb of tokyo. this paper presents laboratory observations of the process of haemaphysalis longicornis neumann laying eggs and becoming larvae after biting a human. the results of our observations include the size of female adult (length: 7.5 mm, width: 5.2 mm, weight: 96 mg) after blood sucking, preoviposition p ... | 1990 | 2273164 |
| necessity of ige antibodies and mast cells for manifestation of resistance against larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in mice. | genetically mast cell-deficient wbb6f1-w/wv mice showed an apparent defect in manifestation of the resistance against larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, but their serum ige levels increased more than 100-fold after the second tick infestation. immune sera obtained from the wbb6f1-w/wv mice were adoptively transferred to the other wbb6f1-w/wv mice which had received intracutaneous injections of wbb6f1-+/+ mouse-derived cultured mast cells. because the resistance against ticks was detectable ... | 1990 | 2295794 |
| development of theileria sergenti in the midgut of the larval tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1987 | 2455095 |
| correlation between the infection rate of the vector tick, haemaphysalis longicornis and the parasitaemia of cattle infected with theileria sergenti. | the infection rate of theileria sergenti in salivary glands of nymphal haemaphysalis longicornis which had dropped from cattle showing different piroplasm parasitaemias was examined by the methyl green-pyronin staining method. the results suggested that there was some correlation between parasitaemia and the subsequent infection rate in salivary glands of ticks. it seemed possible that the parasitaemia in cattle, especially the number of parasitized erythrocytes in blood imbibed by ticks, might ... | 1989 | 2596906 |
| development of babesia ovata in the midgut of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | studies were made on the development of babesia ovata in the midgut of the nymphal tick vector, haemaphysalis longicornis. in 12 hr post-repletion, merozoites were observed outside of erythrocytes infected with b. ovata in the contents of the midgut of the tick. after that, these merozoites were transformed into ring-forms which were comparatively large ring 2-3 microns in diameter. within 48-72 hr post-repletion, ring-form protozoa developed into spherical form 4-5 microns in diameter. within 3 ... | 1989 | 2601226 |
| development of babesia ovata in the haemolymph of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | the haemolymph of adult tick haemaphysalis longicornis (h. longicornis) infected with babesia ovata (b. ovata) was examined at regular intervals. as a result kinetes could be detected in the haemolymph 15 days after engorgement. the kinetes detected could be classified into three types on the basis of their morphological characteristics. they increased gradually in number, reaching a maximum 23 days later. then they tended to decrease in number, disappearing almost completely from the haemolymph ... | 1989 | 2622117 |
| physiological phases of nymphal molting defined by mobility, body weight decrease, and excretion in haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | based on the rate of body weight decrease, the nymphal premolting period in haemaphysalis longicornis neumann was divided into three phases: a period of rapid weight decrease following detachment, a period of slight decrease, and another period of relatively rapid decrease before molting. phase 1 was characterized by increased guanine excretion and mobility. the rate of weight decrease during phase 1 was greater in males than in females. during the premolting period, excreta consisted only of gu ... | 1989 | 2926778 |
| the development of theileria sergenti in the salivary glands of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1986 | 3093743 |
| development of theileria sergenti in the midgut of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1987 | 3108562 |
| development of theileria sergenti in the haemolymph of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | the haemolymph of adult tick haemaphysalis longicornis infected with theileria sergenti, was examined at regulat intervals of time. as a result, kinetics could be detected in the haemolymph for the first time 25 days after the engorgement. the kinetics detected could be classified into three types on the basis of their morphological characteristics. they increased gradually in number, reaching a maximum 32 days later. then they tended to decrease in number, disappearing almost completely from th ... | 1987 | 3116780 |
| effect of constant temperatures on theileria sergenti infection in salivary glands of nymphal haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1988 | 3133517 |
| observation on kinetes of babesia ovata in the hemolymph of the vector tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1987 | 3430926 |
| effects of temperature on development and growth in the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | as a part of ecological studies on haemaphysalis longicornis, the effects of controlled temperatures (12, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees c; approximately 100% rh) on development and growth of the tick were investigated and the critical low temperature for each stage in the life cycle was estimated. as the temperature became low, the periods of preoviposition, oviposition, egg hatching (incubation) and moulting were prolonged. at 12 degrees c, however, oviposition, egg hatching and moulting of the lar ... | 1987 | 3453334 |
| transovular transmission of theileria sergenti in the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1986 | 3560656 |
| normalization of anti-tick response of mast cell-deficient w/wv mice by intracutaneous injection of cultured mast cells. | genetically mast cell-deficient (wb x c57bl/6)f1-w/wv mice show a defect in manifestation of resistance against larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. in order to obtain direct evidence for anti-tick roles of mast cells, we examined whether intracutaneous injection of cultured mast cells normalized the defect of w/wv mice. bone marrow cells of (wb x c57bl/6)f1-+/+ mice were cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium. more than 95% of the cultured cell ... | 1987 | 3572647 |
| continued functioning of the feeding apparatus during moulting of boophilus microplus as an adaptation of one-host ticks. | nymphs of the 1-host cattle tick boophilus microplus remain attached to the host during moulting, but this process is not uniform throughout the tick tissues. the muscles of the pharynx and salivarium remain attached to the cuticle and are functional while the cuticle of the legs has already separated from the underlying epidermis and muscle. the nymphs continue to feed for 2 days after the moulting process in the legs has begun, and they more than double their weight in this time. mouth-part pr ... | 1986 | 3819961 |
| development of theileria sergenti in the ovary and eggs of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1985 | 3842145 |
| inability of genetically mast cell-deficient w/wv mice to acquire resistance against larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | genetically mast cell-deficient (wb x c57bl/6)f1-w/wv mice were used to investigate the role of mast cells for the acquisition of resistance against larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. resistance against ticks was evaluated by reduction in both number and weight of engorged ticks. although (wb x c57bl/6)f1-+/+ mice with a normal number of mast cells acquired resistance after repeated infestation of ticks, the congenic w/wv mice did not acquire it. bone marrow transplantation from the +/+ mic ... | 1985 | 3897501 |
| theileria orientalis, a cosmopolitan blood parasite of cattle: demonstration of the schizont stage. | serological and morphological comparison of theileria orientalis stocks from australia, britain, iran, japan and the usa with a more pathogenic stock from korea, corresponding to t sergenti of russian literature, showed that they all belong to one species, for which the name t orientalis is recommended. t orientalis is now known to occur on all continents. macroschizonts and microschizonts, found in some of the calves infected with the korean stock, are described and illustrated. infections with ... | 1985 | 3925510 |
| the presence of theileria sergenti in haemaphysalis longicornis overwintering in pasture in japan. | unfed haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected from the soil of pasture during the winter and their salivary glands were examined by the methyl green pyronin staining method in order to detect overwintering of theileria sergenti, the causative agent of bovine theileriosis in japan. a transmission experiment was carried out using these ticks applied to a splenectomized calf. the protozoa which appeared in the peripheral blood were identified parasitologically and seroimmunologically as t. s ... | 1985 | 3936424 |
| discovery of the tick haemaphysalis longicornis in western australia. | | 1985 | 4062732 |
| diseases and parasites of cattle in vanuatu. | a study of cattle diseases was carried out in vanuatu from 1971 to 1981. tuberculosis was discovered in 4 herds and eradication was completed by 1981. the number of farms with brucellosis reactors increased from 2 in 1976 to 7 in 1978 despite eradication measures. antibodies to serovars leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, australis, sejroe and canicola were demonstrated by the microscopic agglutination test. antibodies were demonstrated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular v ... | 1985 | 4074215 |
| relationship between the resistance of cattle to haemaphysalis longicornis and to boophilus microplus. | cattle that had been exposed to haemaphysalis longicornis were as susceptible to boophilus microplus as cattle that had never been exposed to either species of tick. cattle with acquired resistance to both species ranked consistently for levels of resistance to each when infested separately. concurrent infestation with h. longicornis had no effect on ranking for resistance to b. microplus. the coefficient of concordance between the rankings of individuals on their levels of resistance to both sp ... | 1985 | 4074218 |
| numerical taxonomic studies of parthenogenetic and bisexual populations of haemaphysalis longicornis and related species (acari: ixodidae). | | 1974 | 4436742 |
| [behavioral and developmental dependence of the larva and nymph of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis neumann, on photoperiodic conditions]. | | 1974 | 4476068 |
| effect of photoperiod on the ovipositional patterns of haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes persulcatus (oxopdoidea: ixodidae). | | 1973 | 4718533 |
| cytogenetics of ticks (acari: ixodoidea). 12. chromosome and hybridization studies of bisexual and parthenogenetic haemaphysalis longicornis races from japan and korea. | | 1973 | 4730553 |
| the numbers of bush ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis, parasitic on grazing cattle before and after the acquisition of host resistance. | the numbers of bush ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis, on bos taurus steers in south east queensland was recorded regularly from july 1971 until january 1974. the steers had no prior exposure to the tick. the parasitic tick population was large during the first year, but declined to low levels in the second and third years, apparently as a result of the steers acquiring resistance to tick feeding. | 1983 | 6681952 |
| clinico-hematologic and serological comparison of japanese and russian strains of theileria sergenti. | the japanese and russian strains of theileria sergenti were compared clinico-hematologically and serologically. they were subjected to passage in splenectomized calves 4 approximately 8 months old by the infectation of infected ticks or the inoculation of infected blood. as a result, the average of incubation of the japanese strain was proved to be 23 days by the tick infection and 21 days by the inoculation of infected blood stored in a frozen state. the rate of detection and the average size o ... | 1980 | 6777702 |
| epidemiology and transmission of theileria sp of cattle in australia. | theileria sp occurs in cattle in australia where boophilus microplus is not present. two species of ixodid ticks namely haemaphysalis longicornis and h. bancrofti have been implicated as natural vectors. experimental transmission was obtained with these two species but attempts to transmit the infection with b. microplus, ixodes holocyclus and amblyomma triguttatum were not successful. although calves born in the enzootic area may become infected before one-month-old most show evidence of infect ... | 1982 | 6818938 |
| the temperature and humidity preferences of haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes holocyclus and rhipicephalus sanguineus (ixodidae): studies on engorged larvae. | | 1981 | 7228486 |
| [development of acquired resistance and production of precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies in rabbits repeatedly infested with females of haemaphysalis longicornis (ixodoidea: ixodidae) (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7230567 |
| control of the bush tick (haemaphysalis longicornis) with zebu x european cattle. | brahman x hereford cattle carried only one-quarter as many engorging adult bush ticks (haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) longicornis) as hereford. simmental x hereford or friesian x hereford cattle when grazed together on the north coast of new south wales. fourteen percent of a brahman x hereford herd carried half of the engorging ticks suggesting that infestation levels would be further reduced by culling procedures. the results indicate an additional advantage to those already established for brahma ... | 1981 | 7259646 |
| comparison of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in salivary gland of boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes holocyclus, and quantification of pge2 in saliva, hemolymph, ovary and gut of b. microplus. | the amount of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in salivary gland of semi-engorged adult female boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes holocyclus were 374.3 pg, 427.0 pg and 825.0 pg per one tick, respectively. it was thought that the pge2 production is a common phenomenon among ticks. then pge2 concentrations in saliva and hemolymph, salivary gland, ovary and gut of fully-engorged adult female b. microplus were compared. the pge2 concentration in saliva induced by pilocarpine was 40.3 ... | 1994 | 7696426 |
| mechanisms of eosinophilia in mice infested with larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | infestation of larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks induced a threefold increase of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of normal wbb6f1- +/+ mice 2 days after tick infestation. in genetically mast cell-deficient wbb6f1- w/wv mice, a threefold increase of blood eosinophils was observed 6 days after the tick infestation. however, marked infiltration of eosinophils was detected in the tick infestation sites of the wbb6f1- +/+ mice but not the wbb6f1- w/wv mice. when the mast cell deficiency of w ... | 1995 | 7751032 |
| development of babesia gibsoni in the salivary glands of the larval tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. | the development of babesia gibsoni in the salivary glands of larval rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks was morphologically studied for 4 days of feeding of tick on rabbits. babesia gibsoni showed two forms (sporont and sporozoite) in the budding process. sporozoites were formed in the acinar cells of salivary glands and released from the hollow cytoplasmic area of these cells by day 4 of feeding. the morphology of b. gibsoni in the salivary glands of r. sanguineus shows a close similarity to those o ... | 1995 | 7756402 |
| detection of rickettsia japonica in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks by restriction fragment length polymorphism of pcr product. | pcr was applied to the detection of rickettsia japonica, the causative agent of oriental spotted fever (osf), in ticks collected at two sites of the muroto area on shikoku island, a major area in japan where osf is endemic. primer pair rr190.70p and rr190.602n of the r. rickettsii 190-kda antigen gene sequence of regnery and others (r.l. regnery, c.l. spruill, and b.d. plikaytis, j. bacteriol. 173:1576-1589, 1991) primed the dna extracted from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks but not those extrac ... | 1995 | 7790445 |
| development of babesia gibsoni in the salivary glands of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1993 | 7967376 |
| observations of babesia gibsoni in the ovary of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | | 1993 | 7967377 |
| development of babesia ovata in the salivary glands of the nymphal tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | the development of babesia ovata in the salivary glands of nymphal haemaphysalis longicornis ticks was morphologically studied for 4 days of feeding of tick on rabbits. babesia ovata showed two forms (sporont and sporozoite) in the budding process. sporozoites were formed in the acinar cells of salivary glands and released from the hollow cytoplasmic area of these cells by day 4 of feeding. | 1994 | 8204758 |
| light and electron-microscopical observations of the early developmental stages of theileria sergenti in the gut of haemaphysalis longicornis. | morphological characteristics of the early developmental stages of theileria sergenti in the vector tick were observed by light and electron-microscopies and compared with those of other theileria species. just before the repletion of nymphs, various stages of the parasite were observed in gut contents of tick by light microscopy: the spherical intra-erythrocytic stage, the ring-form stage, the spindle-shaped stage and the round-form stage. electron microscopy revealed that the spherical intra-e ... | 1993 | 8286540 |
| theileria sergenti: transformation of zygotes into kinetes in vector ticks, haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) longicornis and h. (k.) mageshimaensis. | invagination or transformation of a zygote of theileria sergenti into a kinete was examined with giemsa-stained smears of the midgut of vector ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis and h. mageshimaensis. zygotes invaginated almost simultaneously with the moulting of host ticks. they were round and oval, and measured 5.4 to 6.7 microns in diameter on average. the kinetes developing in the zygotes were situated in the periphery of cytoplasm and were spindle- or club-shaped. | 1993 | 8286543 |
| development of theileria sergenti in vector ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis, during blood sucking. | | 1993 | 8346995 |
| histological observations on the schizonts in cattle infected with japanese theileria sergenti. | histological observations were performed on the schizonts of japanese theileria sergenti in three calves necropsied 8 and 10 days after application of nymphal haemaphysalis longicornis infected with t. sergenti. in all the three calves, schizonts were observed in the cytoplasm of huge cells formed in the drainage lymph nodes, liver and spleen. the huge cells were 50 to 200 microns in diameter. schizonts had granular appearance and an irregular shape and were 1 to 7 microns in diameter. ultrastru ... | 1993 | 8399735 |
| sporogony of theileria sergenti in the salivary glands of the tick vector haemaphysalis longicornis. | sporogony of theileria sergenti in the salivary glands of the tick vector haemaphysalis longicornis was observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. fission bodies that developed from kinetes were observed as masses (approximately 32 x 15 microns) that occupied half of the acinous cell at 2 days after the infestation of ticks. parasites possessed an irregular nucleus of low electron density, highly electron-dense granules, and mitochondrion-like bodies in the cytoplasm. parasites deve ... | 1993 | 8469666 |
| protective immunity and mast cell and eosinophil responses in mice infested with larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | wbb6f1-+/+ mice were infested with larval haemaphysalis longicornis ticks twice at an interval of 14 days: apparent resistance against ticks was expressed in the second infestation. the first infestation induced degranulation of a small number of mast cells at the feeding sites within 6 days, and resulted in two-fold increases of mast cell numbers on day 14 with a significant elevation of total immunoglobulin e (ige) levels in sera and high proportion of ige-bound mast cells. the second infestat ... | 1993 | 8506116 |
| cuticular plasticization induced by copulatory stimuli in female haemaphysalis longicornis (acari:ixodidae). | partially engorged adult female ticks, haemaphysalis longicornis neumann, received complete, incomplete, or no copulatory stimuli. subsequently, they were inflated with physiological saline by injection into the haemocoel. ticks that copulated received both preinseminational and inseminational stimuli and increased their body volume > 10-fold. ticks that incompletely copulated received only preinseminational stimuli and expanded slightly, whereas ticks that did not copulate did not expand. these ... | 1996 | 8699472 |
| experimental transmission of babesia ovata oshimensis n. var. of cattle in japan by haemaphysalis longicornis. | transovarial transmission of a newly isolated large intraerythrocytic parasite, babesia sp. 1 by haemaphysalis longicornis was experimentally demonstrated. larvae of h. longicornis were transovarially infected with the parasite by feeding as adults on the calf which had been experimentally infected with b. sp. 1. piroplasms of b. sp. 1 were observed in peripheral blood of the calf which was infested with the parasite-infected larvae. based on the transmissibility of the parasite with vector tick ... | 1996 | 8959670 |
| ige enhances mouse mast cell fc(epsilon)ri expression in vitro and in vivo: evidence for a novel amplification mechanism in ige-dependent reactions. | the binding of immunoglobulin e (ige) to high affinity ige receptors (fc(epsilon)ri) expressed on the surface of mast cells primes these cells to secrete, upon subsequent exposure to specific antigen, a panel of proinflammatory mediators, which includes cytokines that can also have immunoregulatory activities. this ige- and antigen-specific mast cell activation and mediator production is thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, such as anaphylaxis and asthma, and also co ... | 1997 | 9034145 |
| endosymbionts of ticks and their relationship to wolbachia spp. and tick-borne pathogens of humans and animals. | the presence, internal distribution, and phylogenetic position of endosymbiotic bacteria from four species of specific-pathogen-free ticks were studied. these included the hard ticks ixodes scapularis (the black-legged tick), rhipicephalus sanguineus (the brown dog tick), and haemaphysalis longicornis and the african soft tick ornithodoros moubata. pcr assays for bacteria, using two sets of general primers for eubacterial 16s and 23s rrna genes (rdnas) and seven sets of specific primers for wolb ... | 1997 | 9327557 |
| babesiosis in china. | the importance of babesiosis in livestock in china is discussed and mainly focused on bovine and equine babesiosis. babesiosis is still one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and has caused great economic loss. nine species of babesia have been recognized in livestock: b. bigemina, b. bovis, b. major, b. motasi, b. ovis, b. perroncitoi, b. trautmanni, b. equi (theileria equi), b. caballi. the distribution of babesia follows the distribution of the tick vectors. the main vectors o ... | 1997 | 9512738 |
| babesiasis in nanjing area, china. | this article discusses the tick-borne babesiases which harm dairy cattle, buffaloes and dogs. in addition, the pathogen, vector, seasonal occurrence, hosts, symptoms, pathological changes and treatment are summarized and analysed. the pathogens in this area were identified as babesia bigemina, b. bovis and b. gibsoni; the vectors as boophilus microplus, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, haemaphysalis longicornis. affected buffaloes were found from april to september, peak numbers occurred between ... | 1997 | 9512739 |
| ticks and tick-borne bovine piroplasmosis in the southmountain pasture of hunan province, china. | ticks and tick-borne bovine piroplasmosis is one of the most serious diseases affecting cattle bred in the southmountain pasture of hunan province. an investigation carried out from 1992 to 1995 showed that theileria sergenti was found in the blood of disease-stricken cows. ticks were collected from cattle. the species concerned (three genera and four species of ticks: haemaphysalis vietnamensis, haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes sinensis and boophilus microplus) were identified by microscopy an ... | 1997 | 9512740 |
| an unidentified species of theileria infective for cattle discovered in china. | infection experiments, morphological observations and transmission experiments were conducted with an unidentified theileria sp. isolated from a naturally infected ox. the results showed that the protozoa could multiply extensively in a splenectomized ox and the parasitaemia could reach 52.69%. the theileria sp. was polymorphic: being pear-shaped, circular, elliptical, rod-like, comma-shaped, three-leafed- or cross-shaped and having many other irregular-shapes which were seldom detected. in eryt ... | 1997 | 9512745 |
| [ultrastructural features of histopathologic changes at the site of attachment of the larva of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis to the body of the host]. | this article continues the series of electronic microscopical investigations of tick attachment and host's inflammatory reaction in the attachment site. in all this works we used larvae of different ixodid ticks but the same species of the host (white mouse), ixodid species having different type of attachment. dermacentor marginatus (amosova, 1989a) is characterized by the superficial penetration of mouth parts, the abundance of cement around them and on the surface of the host's skin, the mouth ... | 1997 | 9541934 |
| gata-dependent expression of the interleukin-1 receptor-related t1 gene in mast cells. | the murine delayed-early serum-responsive gene t1 encodes glycoproteins of the interleukin-1 receptor family. transcriptional initiation in fibroblasts is regulated by c-fos and gives rise to a rare 5-kb mrna and an abundant 2.7-kb mrna. these transcripts are translated into a receptor-like membrane-anchored protein and a secreted protein consisting only of the ectodomain. in mast cells, t1 gene transcription is initiated 10.5 kb further upstream than in fibroblasts and gives rise predominantly ... | 1998 | 9710616 |
| molecular characterization of a haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated 29-kilodalton protein and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in rabbits. | the use of tick vaccines in mammalian hosts has been shown to be the most promising alternative tick control method to current use of acaricides, which suffers from a number of limitations. however, the success of this method is dependent on the identification, cloning, and in vitro expression of tick molecules involved in the mediation of key physiological roles with respect to the biological success of a tick as a vector and pest. we have sequenced and characterized a haemaphysalis longicornis ... | 1999 | 10084999 |
| molecular cloning of two haemaphysalis longicornis cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinase genes. | immunological protection of mammalian hosts against tick infestation has been proposed as the most sustainable alternative tick control method to the current use of acaricides which has several limitations. the success of this method is dependent on the identification of key molecules for use as tick vaccine antigens. proteolytic enzymes are involved in a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotes such as development regulation and nutrition, thus they can be considered as good target antige ... | 1999 | 10379941 |
| characterization of proteolytic enzymes expressed in the midgut of haemaphysalis longicornis. | the proteolytic activities present in midguts of both fed and unfed haemaphysalis longicornis were assessed by using the gelatin-substrate gel electrophoresis and inhibitor sensitivity analyses. three predominant (116, 48 and 48 kda) and two weak (55 and 60 kda) proteinase bands were commonly expressed in both unfed and fed ticks, while a weak 80 kda band was only present in fed ticks. consistent with observations on other tick species, proteolytic activity against the gelatin substrate was obse ... | 1999 | 10414026 |
| prevalence of lyme disease borrelia spp. in ticks from migratory birds on the japanese mainland. | borrelia sp. prevalence in ticks on migratory birds was surveyed in central japan. in autumn, a total of 1,733 birds representing 40 species were examined for ticks. a total of 361 ticks were obtained from 173 birds of 15 species, and these ticks were immature haemaphysalis flava (94.4%), haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes columnae, ixodes persulcatus, ixodes turdus, and an unidentified ixodes species. of these, 27 juveniles of h. flava on turdus pallidus, turdus cardis, or emberiza spodocephala, ... | 2000 | 10698761 |
| characterization of an 84 kda protein inducing an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in rabbits sensitized to haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | an immunogenic 84 kda protein was isolated and purified from whole tick extracts of haemaphysalis longicornis larvae by a combination of ion exchange, reverse phase and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. the protein, when injected intradermally into rabbits exposed to repeated tick feeding, induces an immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction. it has been purified to homogeneity as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. amino acid sequ ... | 2000 | 10838195 |
| identification of ehrlichia chaffeensis by nested pcr in ticks from southern china. | a total of 717 ticks collected from southern china were examined by nested pcr for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis. sixteen (55. 2%) of 29 adult amblyomma testudinarium ticks and 28 (11.7%) of 240 adult and at least 4.2% of 215 nymphal (pooled specimens) haemaphysalis yeni ticks tested positive. four other species of ticks were negative. selected positive amplicons were confirmed by dna sequencing. | 2000 | 10878087 |
| reduction in tick numbers (haemaphysalis longicornis), mortality and incidence of theileria sergenti infection in field-grazed calves treated with flumethrin pour-on. | the effectiveness of the pour-on formulation of flumethrin was tested on grazing cattle. flumethrin was applied once a month from april to october from 1990 to 1995 to cattle grazing in the aso area of kumamoto prefecture in japan. both the number of ticks in the field and the number of ticks feeding on cattle decreased remarkably in relation to the number of years flumethrin was applied. ticks in the field were not detected in 1994 and 1995, and ticks feeding on cattle decreased to 4% in 1995. ... | 2000 | 10946136 |
| mucosal defense against gastrointestinal nematodes: responses of mucosal mast cells and mouse mast cell protease 1 during primary strongyloides venezuelensis infection in fcrgamma-knockout mice. | a possible role for the gamma subunit of immunoglobulin fc receptors (fcr) in mucosal defenses against intestinal nematode parasites was studied using age-matched fcrgamma-knockout (fcrgamma(-/-)) and wild-type (fcrgamma(+/+)) c57bl/6 mice. mice were infected subcutaneously with 3,000 infective larvae of strongyloides venezuelensis, and the degree of infection was monitored by daily fecal egg counts and adult worm recovery on days 8 and 13 postinfection. mucosal mast cell (mmc) responses were as ... | 2000 | 10948112 |
| an incident involving blood sucking by a tick in a suburb in japan. | we encountered a patient whose blood was sucked by haemaphysalis longicornis in the suburb of a business city in tokushima prefecture in japan. the tick, which had been attached to the lower limb of the patient for one week, measured 10 mm in length. there were no notable objective or subjective findings after the complete extirpation of the tick. the area had not been known in recent history to be a habitat of ticks, and, thus, this case is of importance in terms of predicting future trends of ... | 2000 | 11019494 |
| lone star tick-infecting borreliae are most closely related to the agent of bovine borreliosis. | although borrelia theileri, the agent of bovine borreliosis, was described at the turn of the century (in 1903), its relationship with borreliae causing lyme disease or relapsing fever remains undescribed. we tested the previously published hypothesis that spirochetes infecting lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) may comprise b. theileri by analyzing the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) and flagellin genes of these spirochetes. b. theileri, the amblyomma agent, and b. miyamotoi formed a natural gro ... | 2001 | 11158095 |
| characterization of two cdnas encoding serine proteinases from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | host vaccination against tick infestation is at present the most practical and sustainable alternative tick control method to the current acaricide use which has serious limitations. however the success of this approach to control ticks depends upon the identification of target vaccine antigens. members of the serine proteinase gene family may represent an interesting group of proteins to target as candidate antigens because of their involvement in regulation of many physiological functions and ... | 2001 | 11378417 |
| molecular characterization of a peroxiredoxin from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | antioxidant enzymes in eukaryotes play an important role in protection against the oxygen radicals generated during aerobic metabolism. here we report the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis (hlprx). hlprx is 939 bp long and contains a 101 bp non-translated sequence at the 5' end and a polyadenylation singnal followed by a poly(a) tail at the 3' end. hlprx encodes a full-length protein with a predicted ... | 2001 | 11422507 |
| cdna cloning, characterization and vaccine effect analysis of haemaphysalis longicornis tick saliva proteins. | immunological control of ticks is currently the only sustainable and practical alternative method to the current use of acaricides which has serious limitations. the success of this method is dependent upon identification and cloning of potential tick vaccine antigens. we used a combination of immuno-screening of an adult tick cdna library as well as the 3 and 5 rapid amplification of cdna ends to clone two cdnas, encoding tick saliva proteins from haemaphysalis longicornis. the two cdnas herein ... | 2001 | 11457556 |
| molecular characterization of a troponin i-like protein from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna expression library prepared from mrna of haemaphysalis longicornis (h. longicornis) was screened with a h. longicornis-infested rabbit serum. a cdna encoding 27/30kda proteins was cloned and designated p27/30 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the p27/30 gene shows a rather high homology (58% amino acid identities and 11% amino acid similarity) with drosophila melanogaster troponin i clone e2. h. longicornis p27/30 possesses amino acid sequence of actin-binding domains of troponin ... | 2001 | 11719070 |
| molecular evidence of babesia caballi (nuttall and strickland, 1910) parasite transmission from experimentally-infected scid mice to the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (neuman, 1901). | molecular evidence that suggests the possible role of the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis and its eggs in the transmission of equine babesia caballi parasites is presented herein. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assay for dna in parasites, presumably acquired by ticks that were allowed to feed on splenectomized-scid mice, experimentally exposed to in vitro-cultivated b. caballi, we have obtained positive bands that corresponded to the expected b. caballi-specific 430bp gene fragm ... | 2001 | 11777598 |
| [the first discovery of endemic lyme disease in shandong province]. | to investigate the endemic area of lyme disease in shandong province. | 2000 | 11860804 |
| immune responses of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) knock out mice to repeated haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae) nymph infestations. | to investigate the immunological mechanisms of acquired resistance to tick infestation, interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) deficient mice (ifn-gamma mice) were used to assess interleukin-4 (il-4) and antibody production levels against tick salivary gland antigen on three successive infestations with haemoaphysalis longicornis neumann nymphs. the engorged body weight of the ticks decreased during the second and third infestations. similar observations were noted in ifn-gamma+/+ mice. however, the engor ... | 2002 | 11931253 |
| identification of newly isolated babesia parasites from cattle in korea by using the bo-rbc-scid mice. | attempts were made to isolate and identify korean bovine babesia parasite. blood samples were collected from holstein cows in korea, and babesia parasites were propagated in scid mice with circulating bovine red blood cells for isolation. the isolate was then antigenically and genotypically compared with several japanese isolates. the korean parasite was found to be nearly identical to the oshima strain isolated from japanese cattle, which was recently designated as babesia ovata oshimensis n. v ... | 2002 | 11949211 |
| comparison of macrophage scavenger receptor-a knockout mice with wild type ones in the immune response against repeated infestation with haemaphysalis longicornis. | using macrophage scavenger receptor-a knockout (srko) mice, we examined the role of macrophage class a scavenger receptors (mrs-a) on the immune response and acquisition of host resistance against repeated infestation with haemaphysalis longicornis. except for one batch of nymphs that infested one of the srko (sr-/-) mice and showed no appreciable reduction in body weight, all the other groups of nymphs manifested significant decrease in body weight. both sr-/- and wild type (sr+/+) mice showed ... | 2002 | 12014582 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a large babesia sp. from sheep and goats in the eastern part of gansu province, china. | two species of babesia were isolated from naturally infected sheep in the eastern part of gansu province. one of the species was identified as b. ovis, while the another one seems as yet to be an unidentified babesia species. the latter could be transmitted transovarially by haemaphysalis longicornis. it was shown that larvae and nymphs transmit the organism to sheep and goats with a prepatent period of 5-28 days. as the carrier period of b. ovis is longer than that of the larger species and the ... | 2002 | 12051600 |
| tick infestation of sika deer (cervus nippon) in the western part of yamaguchi prefecture, japan. | ticks were collected from 94 sika deer (cervus nippon) hunted in the western part of yamaguchi prefecture, japan from august to november 1999, and march to july 2000. haemaphysalis longicornis and h. yeni were the dominant species from april to august, while h. flava and h. megaspinosa were dominant in october, november and march. this is the first report of h. yeni in the mainland of japan. small numbers of h. kitaokai, amblyomma testudinarium and ixodes ovatus were also recorded. | 2002 | 12185317 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna encoding tick chitinase was cloned from a cdna library of mrna from haemaphysalis longicornis eggs and designated as cht1 cdna. the cht1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 2790 bp that codes for 930 amino acid residues with a coding capacity of 104 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a 31% amino acid homology to aedes aegypti chitinase and a multidomain structure containing one chitin binding peritrophin a domain and two glycosyl hydrolase family 18 chitin binding domains. the ... | 2003 | 12502707 |
| two human cases of tick bite caused by ixodes nipponensis. | we report two human cases of tick bite. a 63-year-old male had a pruritic pea-sized brownish nodule on the left popliteal area. another 41-year-old male had an asymptomatic bean-sized black nodule in the pubic area. the ticks were identified as ixodes nipponensis, which are the 18th and the 19th cases in korea. | 2002 | 12509106 |
| survey of ixodid tick species on domestic cats in japan. | various species of ixodid ticks, attached to domestic cats in japan, were identified in spring (april to june) and autumn (september to november). in the spring, a total of 282 ticks, including 61 larvae, 70 nymphs, 127 females and 24 males were collected from 126 cats. of these, 264 were identified up to the species level. in the spring, haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently (39.7%, 50/126) found tick species on feline hosts, followed by ixodes ovatus (35.0%, 44/126), ixodes nippone ... | 2003 | 12531297 |
| passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies: effects on haemaphysalis longicornis tick infestation of balb/c mice. | tick vaccine development plays an important role in current tick control strategies. previously, we have produced three different isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which recognized a midgut protein of adult haemaphysalis longicornis. these mabs, typed as igg1, 2a, and 2b, reacted with a 76 kda surface protein of midgut cells. we speculated that the 76 kda protein may be an unknown antigen for a tick vaccine and the three mabs may work as probes to clone the protein. in this study, to test ... | 2003 | 12675551 |
| ixodid tick species recovered from domestic dogs in japan. | the species of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) recovered from domestic dogs in japan between september to november 2000 and april to june 2001 were identified. a total of 4122 ticks, including 1624 larvae, 1200 nymphs, 1016 females and 282 males were removed from 1221 dogs during these periods. haemaphysalis longicornis (neumann) was the most frequently found (40.3% of dogs), followed by h. flava (neumann) (16.1% of dogs), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (4.8% of dogs) and ixodes ovatus (neu ... | 2003 | 12680923 |
| identification and characterization of novel salivary thrombin inhibitors from the ixodidae tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | novel antithrombin molecules were identified from the ixodidae tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. these molecules, named madanin 1 and 2, are 7-kda proteins and show no significant similarities to any previously identified proteins. assays using human plasma showed that madanin 1 and 2 dose-dependently prolonged both activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, indicating that they inhibit both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. direct binding assay by surface plasmon resonance m ... | 2003 | 12709051 |
| morphological studies on the extracellular structure of the midgut of a tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | in the present study, morphological observations on the extracellular structures found on the apical surface of the midgut epithelium, known as the peritrophic membrane (pm) or glycocalyx, are described in haemaphysalis longicornis females and larvae. these structures have been hypothesized to provide protection to the microvilli of epithelial cells of the digestive tract. our aim was to determine whether the extracellular structures are important in the digestion of the blood meal and/or as a p ... | 2003 | 12783315 |