| paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) gordonae (pichinoty et al. 1986) ash et al. 1994 is a later subjective synonym of paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) validus (nakamura 1984) ash et al. 1994: emended description of p. validus. | a polyphasic study in which we performed an amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, a gas chromatographic analysis of methylated fatty acids, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, a random amplified polymorphic dna analysis, a phenotypic analysis, and an analysis of the levels of dna binding of paenibacillus gordonae and paenibacillus validus strains (including both type strains) showed that these organisms form a hom ... | 1995 | 7547285 |
| the phylogeny of the genus clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. | the 16s rrna gene sequences of 34 named and unnamed clostridial strains were determined by pcr direct sequencing and were compared with more than 80 previously determined clostridial sequences and the previously published sequences of representative species of other low- g + c-content gram-positive genera, thereby providing an almost complete picture of the genealogical interrelationships of the clostridia. the results of our phylogenetic analysis corroborate and extend previous findings in show ... | 1994 | 7981107 |
| molecular identification of rrna group 3 bacilli (ash, farrow, wallbanks and collins) using a pcr probe test. proposal for the creation of a new genus paenibacillus. | comparative 16s rrna sequence analysis has demonstrated that the genus bacillus consists of at least five phyletic lines. rrna group 3 bacilli of ash, farrow, wallbanks and collins (1991) comprising bacillus polymyxa and close relatives is phylogenetically so removed from bacillus subtilis, the type species of the genus and other aerobic, endospore-forming bacilli that they warrant reclassification in a new genus paenibacillus. the genus paenibacillus can be readily distinguished from other baci ... | 1993 | 8085788 |
| reclassification of paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) pulvifaciens (nakamura 1984) ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) larvae (white 1906) ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of p. larvae, with emended descriptions of p. larvae as p. larvae subsp. larvae and p. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. | a polyphasic taxonomic study of four strains of paenibacillus larvae and four strains of paenibacillus pulvifaciens (including duplicates of both type strains) supported the reclassification of both former bacillus species into one species, p. larvae. our conclusions were based on morphological and analytab products (api) tests, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins, gas chromatography of methylated fatty acids, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, d ... | 1996 | 8573507 |
| [identification of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic sporulating bacteria isolated during the primary milk collection]. | aerobic and/or facultatively anaerobic sporulating gram-positive bacteria of the genus bacillus influence nutritive and sensory properties of pasteurized milk by their proteolytic and lipolytic activity. since particularly raw milk is a source of pasteurized milk contamination by spore-producing bacteria, our investigations were focused on identification of bacilli from operations of milk agricultural primary production. the species b. licheniformis and b. cereus (crielly et al., 1994) are the m ... | 1996 | 8619278 |
| paenibacillus apiarius sp. nov. | the name "bacillus apiarius" katznelson 1955 was not included on the approved lists of bacterial names and thus lost standing in bacterial nomenclature. the genetic homogeneity of "b. apiarius" strains was assessed by determining their g+c contents by the buoyant density method and by measuring the levels of dna relatedness by spectrophotometric reassociation procedures. the g+c contents of the 15 strains examined, ranged from 52 to 54 mol%. dna reassociation revealed the presence of two cluster ... | 1996 | 8782677 |
| sequence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16s rrnas in paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. | sequence heterogeneities in 16s rrna genes from individual strains of paenibacillus polymyxa were detected by sequence-dependent separation of pcr products by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge). a fragment of the 16s rrna genes, comprising variable regions v6 to v8, was used as a target sequence for amplifications. pcr products from p. polymyxa (type strain) emerged as a well-defined pattern of bands in the gradient gel. six plasmids with different inserts, individually demonstratin ... | 1996 | 8824607 |
| proposal for two new genera, brevibacillus gen. nov. and aneurinibacillus gen. nov. | 16s rrna gene sequences of the type strains of 11 species belonging to the bacillus brevis and bacillus aneurinolyticus groups were determined. on the basis of the results of gene sequence analyses, these species were separated into two clusters. the b. brevis cluster included 10 species, namely, bacillus brevis, bacillus agri, bacillus centrosporus, bacillus choshinensis, bacillus parabrevis, bacillus reuszeri, bacillus formosus, bacillus borstelensis, bacillus laterosporus, and bacillus thermo ... | 1996 | 8863420 |
| a polyphasic reassessment of the genus paenibacillus, reclassification of bacillus lautus (nakamura 1984) as paenibacillus lautus comb. nov. and of bacillus peoriae (montefusco et al. 1993) as paenibacillus peoriae comb. nov., and emended descriptions of p. lautus and of p. peoriae. | seventy-seven strains representing 10 species in the paenibacillus polymyxa 16s rrna group and 3 other species that exhibit phenetic relatedness to members of this group, bacillus lautus, "bacillus longisporus," and bacillus peoriae, were characterized genotypically and phenotypically by performing an amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, a randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis, a fatty acid methyl ester analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-c ... | 1996 | 8863428 |
| bacterial contaminants in liquid packaging boards: assessment of potential for food spoilage. | liquid packaging boards and blanks were examined for microbial contaminants. a total of 218 strains were identified and representatives of the most frequent species were characterized for their potential for food spoilage. contaminants found were aerobic spore-forming bacteria, mostly bacillus megaterium, b. licheniformis, b. cereus group, b. pumilus, paenibacillus macerans, p. polymyxa, p. pabuli and b. flexus. production of amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic and phospholipolytic enzymes was co ... | 1996 | 8896355 |
| reclassification of "bacillus pulvifaciens" group ii as brevibacillus agri. | organisms formerly identified as strains of paenibacillus pulvifaciens group ii were reclassified as members of the species brevibacillus agri. the reclassification was based on phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences from selected bacillaceae. the analysis strongly supported placement of group ii strains in the genus brevibacillus. high dna relatedness of 87-100% and close phenotypic similarity demonstrated that group ii strains were members of the species brevibacillus agri. | 1997 | 9058544 |
| hemicellulose-degrading bacteria and yeasts from the termite gut. | termites play a major role in the recycling of photosynthetically fixed carbon. with the aid of their symbiotic intestinal flora, they are able to degrade extensively wood constituents such as cellulose and hemicellulose. nevertheless, the microbial species involved in the degradation of hemicelluloses are poorly defined. the purpose of this paper was to examine the microflora involved in hemicellulose degradation. different aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria and yeasts were isolated u ... | 1996 | 9072518 |
| [characterization of isolates of paenibacillus larvae with biochemical type and oxytetracycline resistance]. | a collection of 91 isolates from different geographical origins of paenibacillus larvae, the etiologic agent of american foulbrood disease of honey bees, was characterized according to its biochemical type and susceptibility to oxytetracycline hydrochloride (otc), the most commonly used antibiotic for the control of the disease. the majority of the argentinian strains corresponded to the biochemical type ii while only one culture from río negro (argentina), one from buenos aires (argentina) and ... | 1996 | 9102660 |
| transfer of bacillus alginolyticus, bacillus chondroitinus, bacillus curdlanolyticus, bacillus glucanolyticus, bacillus kobensis, and bacillus thiaminolyticus to the genus paenibacillus and emended description of the genus paenibacillus. | we determined the taxonomic status of six bacillus species (bacillus alginolyticus, bacillus chondroitinus, bacillus curdlanolyticus, bacillus glucanolyticus, bacillus kobensis, and bacillus thiaminolyticus) by using the results of 16s rrna gene sequence and cellular fatty acid composition analyses. phylogenetic analysis clustered these species closely with the paenibacillus species. like the paenibacillus species, the six bacillus species contained anteiso-c15:0 fatty acid as a major cellular f ... | 1997 | 9103612 |
| emended description of paenibacillus amylolyticus and description of paenibacillus illinoisensis sp. nov. and paenibacillus chibensis sp. nov. | the taxonomic position of unidentified group 6 of bacillus circulans as described by nakamura and swezey (l.k. nakamura and j. swezey, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 33:46-52, 1983) was determined, and the taxonomy of paenibacillus amylolyticus was reexamined. the results of pcr amplification of a 16s rrna gene fragment with a specific primer and comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences warranted placing the two taxa in the genus paenibacillus. the levels of dna reassociation among the strains ... | 1997 | 9103613 |
| reclassification of paenibacillus durum (formerly clostridium durum smith and cato 1974) collins et al. 1994 as a member of the species p. azotofixans (formerly bacillus azotofixans seldin et al. 1984) ash et al. 1994. | phenotypic studies, as well as the reaction of paenibacillus durum genomic dna with a 16s ribosomal dna (sequence of variable regions v1 to v4)-based paenibacillus azotofixans-specific pcr system and oligonucleotide probe, the presence of sequences homologous to klebsiella pneumoniae nifkdh in both p. durum and p. azotofixans, and the results of dna-dna hybridization experiments performed with the p. durum and p.azotofixans type strains and one additional p. durum strain, showed that these two s ... | 1997 | 9103651 |
| evaluation of biolog system for identification of strains of paenibacillus azotofixans. | biolog system was evaluated for the identification of strains of paenibacillus azotofixans as no data concerning this species were in the list of bacillus currently identified using biolog data base. the p. azotofixans type strain p3l5 was first tested with the results recorded manually or using the automatic plate reader. in both cases, p3l5 utilized 22 carbon sources and when the results obtained were compared to data of biolog software (release 3.50), p3l5 was identified as b. azotoformans wi ... | 1997 | 9111912 |
| cloning and analysis of the first cry gene from bacillus popilliae. | an 80-kda parasporal crystal protein was detected in protein extracts of sporangia of bacillus popilliae isolated from a diseased larva of the common cockchafer (melolontha melolontha l.). amino acid analysis of tryptic peptides revealed significant homology to the cry2aa endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis. the gene crybp1 (cry18aa1), which codes for the parasporal crystal protein, was found in a putative cry operon on the bacterial chromosome, which contains at least one further (smaller) ope ... | 1997 | 9209052 |
| sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the spoiia operon from diverse bacillus and paenibacillus species. | in order to clone the spoiia operon from three different bacillus and paenibacillus species, we designed two sets of pcr primers based on three previously published bacillus spoiia sequences. one set of primers corresponded to the c-terminal region of spoiiab and a region near the middle of spoiiac. these primers were used to amplify the corresponding region of spoiia from bacillus stearothermophilus and paenibacillus polymyxa (previously called bacillus polymyxa [see ash, c., priest, f.g., coll ... | 1997 | 9266669 |
| the proteases of american foulbrood scales | the gross protease activity of pathological samples of american foulbrood-infected cadavers from several uk sources was studied. in all cases the bulk of the activity is caused by neutral protease(s) (optimum ph ca. 6.8) that are inhibited by chelating agents such as edta and 1,10 phenanthroline (indicating metalloproteases) but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteolytic enzymes. the proteases, which derive from the infectious agent of afb, paenibacillus larvae, were unusual in being inse ... | 1997 | 9281394 |
| disposition of ampicillin in honeybees and hives. | disposition profile of ampicillin (abpc) among honeybees, larvae, honey and royal jelly in a hive after oral dosing to adult bees was studied. four honeybee colonies were administered the single dose of abpc at the rate of 30 mg/hive by addition to sugar syrup or pollen substitute (paste) for 1 day intake. the colonies received abpc in syrup showed high drug residue levels in honey and it lasted over 14 days beyond the detection limit of residual analysis. in the hives given abpc in paste, relat ... | 1997 | 9342699 |
| sporicidal activities of disinfectants on paenibacillus larvae. | sporicidal activities of glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, povidone iodine, ethylene oxide gas, chlorhexidine gluconate, and didecyl dimethylammonium chloride on wet and dry spores of paenibacillus larvae (basonym: bacillus larvae) were evaluated for control of honeybee american foulbrood. glutaraldehyde was found to have a strong and rapid effect on both the wet and the dry spores among the disinfectants tested. | 1997 | 9362051 |
| effect of soil texture and soil sterilization on susceptibility of ovipositing grasshoppers to beauveria bassiana | the effect of conidial concentration, soil texture, and soil sterilization on the efficacy of beauveria bassiana against ovipositing grasshoppers (melanoplus sanguinipes) was investigated in a controlled environment. in the first experiment, mortality of female grasshoppers ovipositing into a sterile loamy-sand soil containing conidia of b. bassiana was measured. the prevalence of mortality increased as the concentration of conidia in soil increased, and a median lethal concentration of 10(4) co ... | 1998 | 9446740 |
| typing of bacillus sporothermodurans and other bacillus species isolated from milk by repetitive element sequence based pcr. | when analysing raw milk for the presence of bacillus sporothermodurans, 11 bacillus strains were isolated which could be differentiated from known bacillus, brevibacillus and paenibacillus spp. by different primer specificity in pcr experiments, indicating that they probably belong to bacillus species as yet undescribed. using repetitive element sequence based pcr (rep-pcr), these 11 strains could be clearly distinguished from b. sporothermodurans as well as from each other. eighty-five b. sporo ... | 1998 | 9569706 |
| characterization of isolates of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae from diverse geographical origin by the polymerase chain reaction and box primers. | ninety-nine strains of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood disease (afb) of honeybees, were isolated from different regions of argentina and other countries. the isolates were characterized on the basis of dna fingerprints by a polymerase chain reaction technique (pcr) with box sequence-specific primers. isolates from argentina generated three groups of patterns (designated a, b, and c), while p. larvae subsp. larvae strains obtained from other countries yi ... | 1998 | 9647697 |
| genetic diversity of nifh gene sequences in paenibacillus azotofixans strains and soil samples analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of pcr-amplified gene fragments. | the diversity of dinitrogenase reductase gene (nifh) fragments in paenibacillus azotofixans strains was investigated by using molecular methods. the partial nifh gene sequences of eight p. azotofixans strains, as well as one strain each of the close relatives paenibacillus durum, paenibacillus polymyxa, and paenibacillus macerans, were amplified by pcr by using degenerate primers and were characterized by dna sequencing. we found that there are two nifh sequence clusters, designated clusters i a ... | 1998 | 9687429 |
| a novel antimicrobial activity of a paenibacillus polymyxa strain isolated from regional fermented sausages. | a strain isolated from argentinean regional fermented sausages was found to produce and secrete a compound that inhibited growth of lactobacillus strains used as indicators. it was characterized as paenibacillus polymyxa (p13). the antimicrobial activity, named polyxin, was obtained from culture supernatant fluid of late stationary phase and was inhibitory to actively growing cells. it was effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species tested including food-b ... | 1998 | 9722991 |
| disposition of mirosamicin in honeybee hives. | disposition of mirosamicin, a macrolide antibiotic, to honeybee adults, larvae, honey and royal jelly in the beehive after in-feed administration to adult bees was studied. treatment was initiated at the end of july when the availability of natural pollen and nectar was poor. the drug was mixed with pollen-substitute paste and administered to honeybee colonies continuously for a week at a dosage of 200 mg/hive/week. high distributions in adult bees, jelly, larvae and a relatively low distributio ... | 1998 | 9731948 |
| expression of the succinate dehydrogenase genes (sdhcab) from the facultatively anaerobic paenibacillus macerans during aerobic growth | paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) macerans is capable of succinate oxidation under oxic conditions and fumarate reduction under anoxic conditions. the reactions are catalyzed by different enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and fumarate reductase (frd). the genes encoding sdh (sdhcab) were analyzed. the gene products of sdha and sdhb were similar to the subunits of known sdh and frd enzymes. the hydrophobic subunit sdhc showed close sequence similarity to the class of sdh/frd enzymes containi ... | 1998 | 9732445 |
| paenibacillus campinasensis sp. nov., a cyclodextrin-producing bacterium isolated in brazil. | an alkaliphilic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from brazilian soil was taxonomically studied and is proposed as a new paenibacillus species. this organism (strain 324t) was particularly distinguishable from other paenibacillus species by its ability to grow optimally at ph 10 and 40 degrees c. the dna g+c content was 5.0 mol%. the diamine acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. mk-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-c15:0 was the major fatty acid. level ... | 1998 | 9734037 |
| quantitative detection of sphingomonas chlorophenolica in soil via competitive polymerase chain reaction. | the 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence of the pentachlorophenol degrader sphingomonas chlorophenolica strain ra2 was used to generate specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers for the detection of this strain in soil, whereas a region internal to the two primers was used to provide an s. chlorophenolica strain ra2-specific oligonucleotide probe. the pcr detection system resulted in a 727 bp product detectable via gel electrophoresis and hybridization. it was specific for strain ra2 and its c ... | 1998 | 9750277 |
| comparison of paenibacillus azotofixans strains isolated from rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and non-root-associated soil from maize planted in two different brazilian soils | paenibacillus azotofixans is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium often found in soil and in the rhizospheres of different grasses. in this study, two brazilian clay soils were planted with cross-hybrid maize (br-201) and four stages of plant growth were analyzed to characterize the p. azotofixans populations present in the rhizoplanes, rhizospheres, and non-root-associated soils (herein called nonrhizospheres). a total of 106 strains were isolated and identified as p. azotofixans with an api 50ch kit, b ... | 1998 | 9758811 |
| paenibacillus dendritiformis sp. nov., proposal for a new pattern-forming species and its localization within a phylogenetic cluster. | a new strain capable of forming distinctive patterns during colony development was identified by using a combination of phenotypic characterization, fatty acid analysis and analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence. the strain formed either a branched, tip-splitting colony morphology (referred to as the t morphotype) or a chiral pattern exhibiting thinner branches with distinctive curling patterns (referred to as the c morphotype). isolates of the t morphotype exhibited sequence identities greater ... | 1999 | 10028268 |
| antibiosis plays a role in the context of direct interaction during antagonism of paenibacillus polymyxa towards fusarium oxysporum. | interaction of fusarium oxysporum and paenibacillus polymyxa starts with polar attachment of bacteria to the fungal hyphae followed by the formation of a large cluster of non-motile cells embedded in an extracellular matrix in which the bacteria develop endospores. enumeration of fungal viable counts showed that less than one of 36,000 colony-forming units survived in paired cultures for 71 h. effective antagonism was not observed below ph5 and was specific for the bacterial species. development ... | 1999 | 10030009 |
| semiautomated metabolic staining assay for bacillus cereus emetic toxin. | this paper describes a specific, sensitive, semiautomated, and quantitative hep-2 cell culture-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for bacillus cereus emetic toxin. of nine bacillus, brevibacillus, and paenibacillus species assessed for emetic toxin production, only b. cereus was cytotoxic. | 1999 | 10103289 |
| organization of genes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in gram--positive bacteria. | clusters of genes encoding enzymes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis were cloned from bacillus sphaericus, bacillus stearothermophilus, brevibacillus brevis and paenibacillus macerans. the sequences of all hemx genes found, and of a 6.3 kbp hem gene cluster from p. macerans, were determined. the structure of the hem gene clusters was compared to that of other gram-positive bacteria. the bacillus and brevibacillus species have a conserved organization of the genes hemaxcdbl, required for biosynthesis ... | 1999 | 10217486 |
| a pcr detection method for rapid identification of paenibacillus larvae. | american foulbrood is a disease of larval honeybees (apis mellifera) caused by the bacterium paenibacillus larvae. over the years attempts have been made to develop a selective medium for the detection of p. larvae spores from honey samples. the most successful of these is a semiselective medium containing nalidixic acid and pipermedic acid. although this medium allows the growth of p. larvae and prevents the growth of most other bacterial species, the false-positive colonies that grow on it pre ... | 1999 | 10224028 |
| transfer of bacillus lentimorbus and bacillus popilliae to the genus paenibacillus with emended descriptions of paenibacillus lentimorbus comb. nov. and paenibacillus popilliae comb. nov. | almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences were generated for the type strains of the obligate insect pathogens bacillus lentimorbus and bacillus popilliae and a second strain of bacillus popilliae (nrrl b-4081) received as 'bacillus popilliae var. melolonthae'. a phylogenetic tree was constructed which grouped these strains into a well defined subcluster within the genus paenibacillus. bacillus popilliae nrrl b-4081 occupied an intermediate position between the type strains of bacillus lentimorbus ... | 1999 | 10319474 |
| a pyruvated mannose-specific xanthan lyase involved in xanthan degradation by paenibacillus alginolyticus xl-1. | the xanthan-degrading bacterium paenibacillus alginolyticus xl-1, isolated from soil, degrades approximately 28% of the xanthan molecule and appears to leave the backbone intact. several xanthan-degrading enzymes were excreted during growth on xanthan, including xanthan lyase. xanthan lyase production was induced by xanthan and inhibited by glucose and low-molecular-weight enzymatic degradation products from xanthan. a xanthan lyase with a molecular mass of 85 kda and a pi of 7.9 was purified an ... | 1999 | 10347025 |
| improved cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin. | an improved mccoy cell cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal toxin, which includes a staining procedure in addition to visual examination, was developed and the method was compared with two commercially available kits (oxoid bcet-rpla and tecra bde-via). a total of 71 strains of 15 different bacillus, brevibacillus and paenibacillus species, including 16 strains of b. cereus from outbreaks of food-borne illness, were evaluated for toxin production. eleven of the outbreak strains exhi ... | 1999 | 10347895 |
| inhibitory activity of paenibacillus polymyxa sce2 against human pathogenic micro-organisms. | paenibacillus polymyxa strain sce2 was shown to inhibit the growth of different potential human pathogenic bacterial strains and fungi in vitro. to determine the genetic characterization of this antimicrobial substance, strain sce2 was transformed with plasmid ptv32(ts), a delivery vector for tn917-lac. after transposition, four mutants were shown to have lost their capability to inhibit micrococcus sp. and staphylococcus aureus rn450, but they continued to inhibit the growth of corynebacterium ... | 1999 | 10389257 |
| comparative phylogeny of rrs and nifh genes in the bacillaceae. | the rrs (16s rdna) gene sequences of nitrogen-fixing endospore-forming bacilli isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and maize were determined in order to infer their phylogenetic position in the bacillaceae. these rhizosphere strains form a monophyletic cluster with paenibacillus azotofixans, paenibacillus polymyxa and paenibacillus macerans. two of them (rsa19 and tod45) had previously been identified as bacillus circulans (group 2) by phenotypic characterization (api 50ch). evidence for nitr ... | 1999 | 10425751 |
| proposal of virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of virgibacillus pantothenticus (proom and knight 1950) heyndrickx et al. 1998. | a polyphasic study of strains originally received as bacillus (now virgibacillus) pantothenticus, along with strains representing species belonging to bacillus, halobacillus and paenibacillus, was undertaken using amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra), fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis, sds-page of whole-cell proteins and routine diagnostic characters comprising 61 biochemical tests in the api system and 15 observations of vegetative cell and sporangial morphology. it revealed the pr ... | 1999 | 10425765 |
| differential detection of key enzymes of polyaromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria using pcr and gene probes. | bacteria with ability to degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), isolated from wastewater and soil samples, were investigated for their taxonomic, physiological and genetic diversity. eighteen isolates able to metabolize naphthalene or phenanthrene as sole carbon source were taxonomically affiliated to different subclasses of the proteobacteria (sphingomonas spp., acidovorax spp., comamonas spp. and pseudomonas spp.) and to phyla of gram-positive bacteria with low and high dna g + c content (p ... | 1999 | 10439412 |
| ppl1c, a virulent mutant bacteriophage useful for identification of paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae | | 1999 | 10534418 |
| isolation from the sorghum bicolor mycorrhizosphere of a bacterium compatible with arbuscular mycorrhiza development and antagonistic towards soilborne fungal pathogens. | a gram-positive bacterium with antagonistic activity towards soilborne fungal pathogens has been isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of sorghum bicolor inoculated with glomus mosseae. it has been identified as paenibacillus sp. strain b2 based on its analytical profile index and on 16s ribosomal dna analysis. besides having antagonistic activity, this bacterium stimulates mycorrhization. | 1999 | 10543835 |
| the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium paenibacillus polymyxa induces changes in arabidopsis thaliana gene expression: a possible connection between biotic and abiotic stress responses. | this paper addresses changes in plant gene expression induced by inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr). a gnotobiotic system was established with arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, and isolates of paenibacillus polymyxa as pgpr. subsequent challenge by either the pathogen erwinia carotovora (biotic stress) or induction of drought (abiotic stress) indicated that inoculated plants were more resistant than control plants. with rna differential display on parallel rna prepar ... | 1999 | 10550893 |
| in situ localization of heat-shock and histone proteins in honey-bee (apis mellifera l.) larvae infected with paenibacillus larvae. | the immunohistochemical localization of the heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90) and histone protein in healthy and paenibacillus larvae infected honeybee (apis mellifera l.) larvae has been studied. hsp70 was found in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of infected midgut, salivary gland cells and haemocytes, but not in uninfected larvae. hsp90 was localized in both infected and uninfected cells. exposed histone proteins were localized in the nuclei of dying uninfected cells undergoing programmed cel ... | 1999 | 10562442 |
| the use of fatty acid methyl ester analysis (fame) for the identification of heterotrophic bacteria present on three mural paintings showing severe damage by microorganisms. | mural paintings in carmona (spain), herberstein (austria) and greene (germany), showing visible deterioration by microorganisms, were sampled to investigate the biodiversity of the heterotrophic bacteria present. four hundred twenty-eight bacterial strains were isolated from which 385 were characterized by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (fame). the isolates were grouped into 41 clusters on the basis of their fame profiles, 20 isolates remained ungrouped. the majority (94%) of the isolates comp ... | 1999 | 10564789 |
| verification of oxytetracycline-resistant american foulbrood pathogen paenibacillus larvae in the united states. | | 2000 | 10631065 |
| humus bacteria of norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity. | we studied the potential of the humus layer of the norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus incana) and fescue grass (festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, ph 3.7-5.3. actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed pl ... | 2000 | 10640667 |
| the biopesticide paenibacillus popilliae has a vancomycin resistance gene cluster homologous to the enterococcal vana vancomycin resistance gene cluster. | we have previously identified, in paenibacillus popilliae, a 708-bp sequence which has homology to the sequence of the enterococcal vana gene. we have performed further studies revealing five genes encoding homologues of vany, vanz, vanh, vana, and vanx in p. popilliae. the predicted amino acid sequences are similar to those in vana vancomycin-resistant enterococci: 61% identity for vany, 21% for vanz, 74% for vanh, 77% for vana, and 79% for vanx. the genes in p. popilliae may have been a precur ... | 2000 | 10681342 |
| genetic and biochemical diversity among isolates of paenibacillus alvei cultured from australian honeybee (apis mellifera) colonies. | twenty-five unique cfoi-generated whole-cell dna profiles were identified in a study of 30 paenibacillus alvei isolates cultured from honey and diseased larvae collected from honeybee (apis mellifera) colonies in geographically diverse areas in australia. the fingerprint patterns were highly variable and readily discernible from one another, which highlighted the potential of this method for tracing the movement of isolates in epidemiological studies. 16s rrna gene fragments (length, 1,416 bp) f ... | 2000 | 10698777 |
| enterococcal-type glycopeptide resistance genes in non-enterococcal organisms. | although the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci can be attributed, in part, to the increasing use of vancomycin in clinical practice, and glycopeptide use in animal husbandry, the origins of the enterococcal vancomycin resistance genes are not clear. the vancomycin resistance-associated genes in enterococcus gallinarum, enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens, lactobacillus spp., leuconostoc spp., pediococcus spp., and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, are not the source of the high-level v ... | 2000 | 10731599 |
| operon structure and functional analysis of the genes encoding thermophilic desulfurizing enzymes of paenibacillus sp. a11-2. | paenibacillus a11-2 can efficiently cleave two carbon&bond;sulfur bonds in dibenzothiophene (dbt) and alkyl dbts, which are refractory by conventional petroleum hydrodesulfurization, to remove sulfur atom at high temperatures. an 8.7-kb dna fragment containing the genes for the dbt desulfurizing enzymes of a11-2 was cloned in escherichia coli and characterized. heterologous expression analysis of the deletion mutants identified three open reading frames that were required for the desulfurization ... | 2000 | 10733908 |
| what is the type species of the genus paenibacillus? request for an opinion. | the taxonomic status of the type species of the genus paenibacillus cannot be easily determined according to the rules of the bacteriological code since the rules may be interpreted in an ambiguous way. depending upon how the rules are applied the type species may be either paenibacillus polymyxa or paenibacillus durus. in addition, depending upon the way in which the bacteriological code is interpreted, the question of whether the name p. durus (collins et al. 1994) has been validly published m ... | 2000 | 10758908 |
| directed evolution of beta -glucosidase a from paenibacillus polymyxa to thermal resistance. | the beta-glucosidase encoded by the bgla gene from paenibacillus polymyxa has a half-life time of 15 min at 35 degrees c and no detectable activity at 55 degrees c. we have isolated random mutations that enhance the thermoresistance of the enzyme. following a directed evolution strategy, we have combined some of the isolated mutations to obtain a beta-glucosidase with a half-life of 12 min at 65 degrees c, in the range of resistance of thermophilic enzymes. no significant alteration of the kinet ... | 2000 | 10788490 |
| histochemical characterization of cell death in honeybee larvae midgut after treatment with paenibacillus larvae, amitraz and oxytetracycline. | a number of techniques were employed to assess cell death induced in honeybee larvae midgut after per os inoculation of bacterium paenibacillus larvae var. larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood disease, and separately with acaricide amitraz and antibiotic oxytetracycline. in honeybee larvae exposed to amitraz, which demonstrates both necrosis and apoptosis, cell death was found in 82% of midgut columnar and in 50% of regenerative epithelial cells, 24 h after treatment. cell death red ... | 2000 | 10805966 |
| comparative laboratory toxicity of neem pesticides to honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae), their mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae), and brood pathogens paenibacillus larvae and ascophaera apis. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate neem oil and neem extract for the management of key honey bee (apis mellifera l.) pests. neem pesticides inhibited the growth of paenibacillus larvae (ash, priest & collins) in vitro but had no effect on the growth of ascophaera apis (olive & spiltoir). azadirachtin-rich extract (neem-aza) was 10 times more potent than crude neem oil (neem oil) against p. larvae suggesting that azadirachtin is a main antibiotic component in neem. neem-aza, however, ... | 2000 | 10826163 |
| thermobacillus xylanilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new aerobic thermophilic xylan-degrading bacterium isolated from farm soil. | an aerobic, thermophilic, xylanolytic, spore-forming bacterium, xetp (t = type strain; p = patent strain), has been isolated from farm soil situated underneath a manure heap in northern france. strain xetp, which stained negative in the gram test, occurs as short rods which sometimes form chains. its spores are ellipsoidal, central to subterminal and occur in swollen sporangia. it grows at temperatures up to 63 degrees c and in the ph range 6.5-8.5. when grown on glucose in optimal conditions, i ... | 2000 | 10826818 |
| phylogeny of marine bacillus isolates from the gulf of mexico. | the phylogeny of 11 pigmented, aerobic, spore-forming isolates from marine sources was studied. forty-two biochemical characteristics were examined, and a 16s rdna sequence was obtained for each isolate. in a phylogenetic tree based on 16s sequencing, four isolates (nrrl b-14850, nrrl b-14904, nrrl b-14907, and nrrl b-14908) clustered with b. subtilis and related organisms; nrrl b-14907 was closely related to b. amyloliquefaciens. nrrl b-14907 and nrrl b-14908 were phenotypically similar to b. a ... | 2000 | 10856371 |
| demonstration of the carbon-sulfur bond targeted desulfurization of benzothiophene by thermophilic paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2 capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene. | paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2, which had been primarily isolated as a bacterial strain capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene to produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl at high temperatures, was found to desulfurize benzothiophene more efficiently than dibenzothiophene. the desulfurized product was identified as o-hydroxystyrene by gc-ms and 1h-nmr analysis. benzothiophene was assumed to be degraded in a way analogous to the 4s pathway, which has been well-known as a mode of dibenzothiophene degradation. ... | 2000 | 10856649 |
| increased thermal resistance and modification of the catalytic properties of a beta-glucosidase by random mutagenesis and in vitro recombination. | the bglb gene from paenibacillus polymyxa was subjected to random mutagenesis mediated by error prone polymerase chain reaction amplification and dna shuffling. after this treatment, mutant variants of the encoded beta-glucosidase with enhanced thermal resistance were selected. we identified five amino acid substitutions at four different positions of the sequence that increased the resistance of the enzyme to heat denaturation. four of the mutations, h62r, m319v, m319i, and m361i, did not chang ... | 2000 | 10871610 |
| esta, a gene coding for a cell-bound esterase from paenibacillus sp. bp-23, is a new member of the bacterial subclass of type b carboxylesterases. | screening of a gene library from paenibacillus sp. bp-23 generated in escherichia coli led to identification of a clone that directed the production of lipolytic activity. from the sequencing data, we found an open reading frame encoding a protein of 485 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 53 kda and a pi of 5.1. absence of a signal peptide indicated that it was a cell-bound protein. sequence analysis showed that the protein contained the signature g-xi-s-x2-g included in most serine ... | 2000 | 10875287 |
| phylogeny and functional conservation of sigma(e) in endospore-forming bacteria. | conservation of the sporulation processes between bacillus spp. and clostridium spp. was investigated through evolutionary and complementation analyses of sigma(e). alignment of partial predicted sigma(e) amino acid sequences from three bacillus spp., paenibacillus polymyxa and five clostridium spp. revealed that amino acid residues previously reported to be involved in promoter utilization (m124, e119 and n120) and strand opening (c117) are conserved among all these species. phylogenetic analys ... | 2000 | 10878124 |
| diversity of paenibacillus polymyxa strains isolated from the rhizosphere of maize planted in cerrado soil. | paenibacillus polymyxa populations present in the rhizosphere of maize (cultivar br-201) planted in cerrado soil were investigated in order to assess their diversity at four stages of plant growth. a total of 67 strains were isolated and all strains were identified as p. polymyxa by classical biochemical tests, api 50ch tests and a set of species-specific primers based on the 23s rdna sequence. to compare the isolated strains, phenotypic characteristics (utilization of different carbohydrates, r ... | 2000 | 10919517 |
| paenibacillus koreensis sp. nov., a new species that produces an iturin-like antifungal compound. | a bacterial strain, yc300t, that produces an iturin-like antifungal antibiotic was isolated from compost and identified as member of the genus paenibacillus. gram reaction of the strain was variable depending upon growth stages and culture media. three different types of colonies were developed on tryptic soy agar. the organism was facultatively anaerobic and grew at 50 degrees c. the dna g+c content was 54 mol % and anteiso-c15:0 was the major fatty acid. a 0.9 kb fragment was produced by pcr a ... | 2000 | 10939655 |
| a novel gene encoding xanthan lyase of paenibacillus alginolyticus strain xl-1. | xanthan-modifying enzymes are powerful tools in studying structure-function relationships of this polysaccharide. one of these modifying enzymes is xanthan lyase, which removes the terminal side chain residue of xanthan. in this paper, the cloning and sequencing of the first xanthan lyase-encoding gene is described, i. e., the xala gene, encoding pyruvated mannose-specific xanthan lyase of paenibacillus alginolyticus xl-1. the xala gene encoded a 100, 823-da protein, including a 36-amino-acid si ... | 2000 | 10966413 |
| properties of bacillus cereus and other bacilli contaminating biomaterial-based industrial processes. | this paper is an overview on bacilli in industrial processes, with focus on food grade paper and paperboard production. paperboards mainly contain sporeforming bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, paenibacillus and brevibacillus, usually found in quantities from < 50 to 250 cfu g(-1) homogenized paperboard. of those frequently found, bacillus cereus group, b. licheniformis, b. subtilis and brevibacillus brevis are important for food hygiene because of their hydrolytic activities on food co ... | 2000 | 11016612 |
| two polyisoprenylated benzophenones from the trunk latex of clusia grandiflora (clusiaceae). | the polyisoprenylated benzophenones, chamones i and ii, were isolated from the trunk latex of clusia grandiflora (clusiaceae) growing in southeastern venezuela. a third benzophenone, nemorosone ii, was isolated from the pollinator reward resin of the female flowers of the same plant. chamone i and nemorosone ii are structurally similar, differing only in the degree of prenylation. bioassays of chamone i and nemorosone ii using the honeybee pathogens, paenibacillus larvae and paenibacillus alvei, ... | 2000 | 11021641 |
| paenibacillus associated with milky disease in central and south american scarabs. | thirty-one isolates of bacteria causing milky disease in scarab larvae collected in central and south america were identified as paenibacillus popilliae or paenibacillus lentimorbus by use of dna similarity analysis. the isolates were more similar to each other than to the north american isolates that are the type strains of the species. all of the bacteria of both species produced parasporal bodies, a characteristic previously believed to be unique to p. popilliae. screening of the bacteria usi ... | 2000 | 11023744 |
| direct microscopy of bacillus endospore germination in soil microcosms. | antagonistic endospore-forming bacillus spp. offer a large potential as seed inoculants for control of soil-borne pathogens. in the soil, however, inoculated bacillus endospores may remain dormant without germination, and plant protection can therefore be inefficient and unpredictable. a method based on direct fluorescence microscopy in soil microcosms was used to determine whether low-cost organic additives incorporated into seed coating material could stimulate endospore germination. complex o ... | 2000 | 11054162 |
| purification and properties of an enzyme capable of degrading the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | microorganisms which can degrade and grow on the purified sheath of a sheathed bacterium sphaerotilus natans were collected from soil and river water. two bacterial strains were isolated from the soil and designated strains tb and tk. both strains are rod shaped, negatively stained by gram staining, facultatively anaerobic, and formed ellipsoidal endospores. these characteristics suggested that the isolates belong to the genus paenibacillus, according to ash et al. (c. ash, f. g. priest, and m. ... | 2000 | 11055955 |
| two-step enzymatic synthesis of maltooligosaccharide esters. | glucose and maltose esters were synthesised in organic media by employing a lipase (e.c. 3.1.1.3) from candida antarctica. in a second reaction step, a transglycosylation catalysed by a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (e.c. 2.4.1.19) from either paenibacillus sp. f8 or bacillus sp. strain no. 169 (dsm 2518) extended the degree of polymerisation (dp) of the carbohydrate moieties of the carbohydrate esters. the donor substrates used were either a cyclodextrin, a maltooligosaccharide or starch. th ... | 2000 | 11086686 |
| purification, characterization and crystallization of enzymes for dibenzothiophene desulfurization. | dszc and dsza, dbt monooxygenase and dbt sulfone monooxygenase, respectively, involved in dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurization, were purified to homogeneity from rhodococcus erythropolis d-1. the two enzymes were crystallized and enzymologically characterized. we found a high activity of flavin reductase in the non-dbt-desulfurizing bacterium, paenibacillus polymyxa a-1, which is essential for dszc and a activities, and purified to homogeneity and characterized the enzyme. | 2000 | 11105249 |
| paenibacillus granivorans sp. nov., a new paenibacillus species which degrades native potato starch granules. | from a native potato starch-degrading enrichment culture, strain a30 had been isolated and had tentatively been identified as a member of the bacillus firmus/lentus group (wijbenga et al. appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 35, 180-184, 1991). in this paper the isolate a30 is further characterized using phylogentic analysis of the 16s rdna and determination of a number of additional phenotypic characteristics. these data are compared to those of paenibacillus amylolyticus, p. chibensis, and p. thiamino ... | 2000 | 11108012 |
| heat resistance of paenibacillus polymyxa in relation to ph and acidulants. | the efficacy of different organic acids in decreasing the heat resistance of paenibacillus polymyxa spores was assessed. the relationship between concentration of the undissociated form of different organic acids and decrease in heat resistance was also investigated. the heat resistance of p. polymyxa spores was tested in distilled water at 85, 90 and 95 degrees c, at ph4 and in the presence of 50, 100 and 200 mmol l(-1) of the undissociated form of lactic, citric or acetic acid and sodium citra ... | 2000 | 11119154 |
| disruption of the paenibacillus polymyxa levansucrase gene impairs its ability to aggregate soil in the wheat rhizosphere. | inoculation of wheat roots with paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) polymyxa cf43 increases the mass of root-adhering soil. we tested the role of levan, a fructosyl polymer produced by strain cf43, in the aggregation of soil adhering to wheat roots. the p. polymyxa gene homologous to the bacillus subtilis sacb gene encoding levansucrase was cloned and sequenced. the corresponding gene product synthesises high molecular weight levan. a p. polymyxa mutant strain, sb03, whose sacb gene is disrupted, ... | 2000 | 11200435 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a multidomain endoglucanase from paenibacillus sp bp-23: evaluation of its performance in pulp refining. | the gene celb encoding an endoglucanase from paenibacillus sp. bp-23 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of a 4161 bp dna fragment containing the celb gene was determined, revealing an open reading frame of 2991 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 106,927 da. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of endoglucanase b with known beta-glycanase sequences showed that the encoded enzyme is a modular protein and exhibits high homology to enzymes belonging to ... | 2001 | 11234960 |
| paenibacillus macerans pseudobacteremia resulting from contaminated blood culture bottles in a neonatal intensive care unit. | paenibacillus species are gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming aerobes that are abundant in nature and closely related to bacillus. between june 24 and june 30, 1999, 8 neonates in our neonatal intensive care unit had positive blood cultures for paenibacillus macerans. this cluster of positive blood cultures with an unusual pathogen suggested a pseudoepidemic. investigation revealed that the most likely etiology of the pseudobacteremia was environmental contamination of the rubber stoppers i ... | 2001 | 11287883 |
| [establishment of the phylogenetic relationship between the microbial producers of cyclodextrin glucanotransferases using their complete amino acid sequences]. | a phylogenetic tree was constructed on the basis of the amino acid sequences of the known cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (cdgts), including those deduced from the nucleotide sequences of bacillus sp. strain 6.6.3 and paenibacillus macerans ib-7 genes encoding alpha- and beta-cdgts. the tree clearly demonstrates the existence of distinct phylogenetic groups of cdgt-producing microorganisms and the divergence of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cdgt produced by microorganisms from the genera bacillu ... | 2000 | 11315672 |
| paenibacillus borealis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from spruce forest humus in finland. | seven spore-forming, nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates from spruce forest humus in finland were studied using the polyphasic approach. pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene fragment with specific primers showed that the isolates were members of paenibacillus. levels of 16s rdna similarity between the isolates were 97.3-100.0% and those between the isolates and other paenibacillus species were 90.3-96.5%. the highest similarities were observed with paenibacillus azotofixans and paenibacillus durus. ... | 2001 | 11321100 |
| isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of salt marsh plants. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degrading bacteria were isolated from contaminated estuarine sediment and salt marsh rhizosphere by enrichment using either naphthalene, phenanthrene, or biphenyl as the sole source of carbon and energy. pasteurization of samples prior to enrichment resulted in isolation of gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria. the isolates were characterized using a variety of phenotypic, morphologic, and molecular properties. identification of the isolates based on their ... | 2001 | 11375181 |
| screening for microorganisms that produce only endo-inulinase. | sixteen fungal strains reported in the literature as endo-inulinase producers and three bacterial strains, isolated from the dahlia rhizosphere, were analysed for endo-inulinase production. from four isolated strains (one fungus and three bacteria) the results were evaluated in terms of substrate consumption, cell growth and production of endo-inulinases. all three bacterial strains were sole endo-inulinase producers and, among these, strain paenibacillus sp. cdb 003 was the most suitable for en ... | 2001 | 11414332 |
| a pyrophosphate bridge links the pyruvate-containing secondary cell wall polymer of paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051 to muramic acid. | the peptidoglycan, the secondary cell wall polymer (scwp), and the surface layer (s-layer) glycoprotein are the major glycosylated cell wall components of paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051. in this report, the complete structure of the scwp, its linkage to the peptidoglycan layer, and its physicochemical properties have been investigated. from the combined evidence of chemical and structural analyses together with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the following structu ... | 2000 | 11425188 |
| biological response modifier activity of an exopolysaccharide from paenibacillus jamilae cp-7. | an extracellular polysaccharide was purified from culture supernatants of paenibacillus jamilae cp-7, a gram-positive bacillus that was isolated from compost prepared with olive mill wastewaters. the extracellular polysaccharide was produced under aerobic conditions in a medium containing olive mill wastewaters (80% [vol/vol]). this exopolymer had a low level of acute toxicity when it is administered to balb/c mice by the intraperitoneal route. interesting immunomodulatory effects were detected ... | 2001 | 11427415 |
| adult honeybee's resistance against paenibacillus larvae larvae, the causative agent of the american foulbrood. | american foulbrood is a widespread disease of honeybee larvae caused by the spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae. spores represent the infectious stage; when ingested by a larva they germinate in the midgut. the rod-shaped vegetative forms penetrate the larva's intestinal tissue and start multiplying rapidly, which finally kills the larva. spores fed to adult honeybees, however, do not harm the bees. we investigated this phenomenon. specifically, we studied the influence of ... | 2001 | 11437525 |
| characterization of pectin lyase produced by an endophytic strain isolated from coffee cherries. | the effect of endophytic bacterial activity on the quality of coffee beverage was studied. | 2001 | 11472518 |
| effect of primers hybridizing to different evolutionarily conserved regions of the small-subunit rrna gene in pcr-based microbial community analyses and genetic profiling. | genetic profiling techniques of microbial communities based on pcr-amplified signature genes, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single-strand-conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis, are normally done with pcr products of less than 500-bp. the most common target for diversity analysis, the small-subunit rrna genes, however, are larger, and thus, only partial sequences can be analyzed. here, we compared the results obtained by pcr targeting different variable (v) regions (v2 an ... | 2001 | 11472932 |
| disinfection of wooden structures contaminated with paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae spores. | the aim of the study is to examine the disinfection of wood contaminated with paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae spores, in order to find a practical decontamination method for hive materials. | 2001 | 11473585 |
| simplified technique for identification of the aerobic spore-forming bacteria by phenotype. | the use of modern research approaches of genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology has led to progress in bacterial taxonomy. systematic study of the aerobic spore-forming bacteria has resulted in the realignment of the genus bacillus into several new genera. in the meantime, the identification process has become more difficult for the non-specialist in bacillus taxonomy. this paper presents a key for the simplified phenotypic identification of the mesophilic, aerobic, spore-forming bacteria ... | 2001 | 11491334 |
| viability and stability of biological control agents on cotton and snap bean seeds. | cotton and snap bean were selected for a multi-year, multi-state regional (south-eastern usa) research project to evaluate the efficacy of both commercial and experimental bacterial and fungal biological control agents for the management of damping-off diseases. the goal for this portion of the project was to determine the viability and stability of biological agents after application to seed. the biological seed treatments used included: (1) bacillaceae bacteria, (2) non-bacillaceae bacteria, ( ... | 2001 | 11517723 |
| identification of bacteria in pasteurized zucchini purées stored at different temperatures and comparison with those found in other pasteurized vegetable purées. | one hundred nineteen isolates from a commercial zucchini purée stored at 4, 10, and 20 to 25 degrees c were fingerprinted using repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) and classified into 35 rep types. one representative isolate of each rep type was subsequently identified by api50chb/20e profile and partial rrs gene sequence analysis. nine rep types were misidentified by the api system. strains were misidentified as being in the bacillus circulans (group 2) api taxon or in taxa with a low numbe ... | 2001 | 11571151 |
| paenibacillus azoreducens sp. nov., a synthetic azo dye decolorizing bacterium from industrial wastewater. | an azo-dye-reducing, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from textile industry wastewater has been taxonomically studied. particularly interesting was the ability of this organism to decolorize the azo dye remazol black b by 98% within 24 h. levels of 16s rrna similarity between the isolate and paenibacillus species ranged from 92.1 to 95.0%. the dna g+c content was 46.8 mol % and anteiso-branched c15:0 was the major fatty acid. based upon the phenotypic properties and the phylogenetic inferenc ... | 2001 | 11594595 |
| paenibacillus jamilae sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium able to grow in olive-mill wastewater. | endospore-forming strains were isolated from corn-compost treated with olive-mill wastewater ('alpechin'). the strains were taxonomically studied and proposed as a novel paenibacillus species. these organisms (strains b.3t, b.7 and b.9) were particularly distinguishable from other aerobic spore-forming species by their ability to grow optimally in 100% (v/v) olive-mill wastewater at 30 degrees c and ph 7.0 and concomitant production of an interesting exopolysaccharide. chemotaxonomic analysis re ... | 2001 | 11594596 |
| alterations in plant growth and in root hormone levels of lodgepole pines inoculated with rhizobacteria. | the presence of other soil microorganisms might influence the ability of rhizobacterial inoculants to promote plant growth either by reducing contact between the inoculant and the plant root or by interfering with the mechanism(s) involved in rhizobacterially mediated growth promotion. we conducted the following experiments to determine whether reductions in the extent of growth promotion of lodgepole pine mediated by paenibacillus polymyxa occur in the presence of a forest soil isolate (pseudom ... | 2001 | 11683460 |
| isolation of bacteria and 16s rdnas from lake vostok accretion ice. | lake vostok, the largest subglacial lake in antarctica, is separated from the surface by approximately 4 km of glacial ice. it has been isolated from direct surface input for at least 420 000 years, and the possibility of a novel environment and ecosystem therefore exists. lake vostok water has not been sampled, but an ice core has been recovered that extends into the ice accreted below glacial ice by freezing of lake vostok water. here, we report the recovery of bacterial isolates belonging to ... | 2001 | 11683867 |
| biphasic inactivation kinetics of escherichia coli in liquid whole egg by high hydrostatic pressure treatments. | kinetic studies on the isothermal high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of escherichia coli in liquid whole egg (lwe) were performed at 5 and 25 degrees c in the pressure range of 250-400 mpa. the characteristic tailing inactivation curves were described by a first-order biphasic model. as compared to a previous rheological study, it is suggested that the phase change of lwe during pressure treatment affects the inactivation rate of e. coli. within the processing criteria where the rheolo ... | 2001 | 11735435 |
| american foulbrood in uruguay: isolation of paenibacillus larvae larvae from larvae with clinical symptoms and adult honeybees and susceptibility to oxytetracycline. | | 2001 | 11812121 |
| 16s rdna sequence analysis of bacterial isolates from biodeteriorated mural paintings in the servilia tomb (necropolis of carmona, seville, spain). | bacteria were isolated from damaged mural paintings of the servilia tomb (necropolis of carmona, seville, spain). selected strains, representative for different clusters of isolates with similar fatty acid profiles, were analysed by 16s rdna sequence analysis. bacillus is the dominant genus among the isolates: members of the rrna species complexes of b. megaterium, b. pumilus and b. firmus were found as well as several other bacillus species. one group of halotolerant isolates falls in the bacil ... | 2001 | 11822679 |