| immunisation with canarypox virus expressing rabies glycoprotein. | poxviruses have many useful features as vectors for genes that carry immunising antigens from other viruses, such as ease of production and induction of cellular and humoral immunity, but there is concern about the safety of vaccinia virus. we turned to an avian poxvirus (canarypox); this virus undergoes abortive replication in mammalian cells that enables presentation of early gene products to the immune system. canarypox virus was used as a vector for the rabies glycoprotein g gene. the safety ... | 1992 | 1351126 |
| canarypox virus as a vaccine vector. | | 1992 | 1351132 |
| nonreplicating viral vectors as potential vaccines: recombinant canarypox virus expressing measles virus fusion (f) and hemagglutinin (ha) glycoproteins. | the development of canarypox virus (cpv) recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of measles virus (mv) is described. inoculation of the cpv-mv recombinants into avian or nonavian tissue culture substrates led to the expression of authentic mvf and mvha as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation and surface immunofluorescence. in contrast to avian-derived tissue culture, no productive replication of the cpv recombinant was evident in tissue culture cells derived ... | 1992 | 1736535 |
| morphogenesis of canary poxvirus and its entrance into inclusion bodies. | a virus isolated from a natural outbreak of canarypox was replicated on the chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, and its ultrastructure and development were observed. electron microscopy of thin sections of pocks produced on the chorioallantoic membranes revealed a variety of developmental forms which appear similar to those demonstrated in studies of vaccinia, ie, viroplasm or viral factories; immature, undifferentiated virions partially enclosed by membranes; completely enclosed nondi ... | 1985 | 2986493 |
| the propagation of avian viruses in a continuous cell line (qt35) of japanese quail origin. | seven of nine avian virus families tested (birnaviridae, coronaviridae, herpesviridae, paramyxoviridae, poxviridae, reoviridae, and retroviridae) were found to replicate in a quail fibroblast cell line, designated qt35, resulting in a cytopathic effect (cpe) visible with the naked eye or by low-power microscopy. in comparison, only one (paramyxoviridae) of seven mammalian virus families tested produced an observable cpe. cytopathic changes induced by examined viruses were round cell, syncytial, ... | 1988 | 3135794 |
| biological and immunogenic properties of a canarypox-rabies recombinant, alvac-rg (vcp65) in non-avian species. | a canarypox-based (alvac) recombinant expressing the rabies g glycoprotein has been utilized to assess in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the canarypox virus vector system. in vitro studies have shown that no replication of the virus can be detected on six human-derived cell lines, nor can the virus be readily adapted to replicate on non-avian cells. expression of the rabies g can be detected on all cell lines analyzed in the absence of productive viral replication. analysis of viral- ... | 1995 | 7483774 |
| preclinical evaluation of an alvac (canarypox)--human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b vaccine candidate. | successful vaccination against the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) requires induction of both neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses. the hcmv glycoprotein b (gb, ul55) would be one of the most important immunogens to induce neutralizing antibodies. we tested the immunogenicity of an alvac (canarypox)-hcmv-gb (alvac-gb) recombinant in mice and guinea pigs in order to provide preclinical data for a phase i clinical trial of a hcmv vaccine candidate. alvac is an attenuated v ... | 1995 | 7491815 |
| a prime-boost approach to hiv preventive vaccine using a recombinant canarypox virus expressing glycoprotein 160 (mn) followed by a recombinant glycoprotein 160 (mn/lai). the agis group, and l'agence nationale de recherche sur le sida. | the safety and the immunogenicity of a recombinant canarypox live vector expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gp160 gene from the mn isolate, alvac-hiv (vcp125), followed by booster injections of a soluble recombinant hybrid envelope glycoprotein mn/lai (rgp160), were evaluated in vaccinia-immune, healthy adults at low risk for acquiring hiv-1 infection. volunteers (n = 20) received vcp125 (10(6) tcid50) at 0 and 1 month, followed randomly by rgp160 formulated in alum or in ... | 1995 | 7598771 |
| vaccine-induced protection of chimpanzees against infection by a heterologous human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | the extraordinary genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is a major problem to overcome in the development of an effective vaccine. in the most reliable animal model of hiv-1 infection, chimpanzees were immunized with various combinations of hiv-1 antigens, which were derived primarily from the surface glycoprotein, gp160, of hiv-1 strains lai and mn. the immunogens also included a live recombinant canarypox virus expressing a gp160-mn protein. in one experiment, two ch ... | 1995 | 7666524 |
| the safety and use of canarypox vectored vaccines. | alvac recombinants have been administered to humans and animals by parenteral and oral routes without giving signs of replication, systemic dissemination or severe reaction. in principle, it should be impossible for canarypox recombinants to disseminate in the environment as they would not be synthesised in mammalian cells as complete virus. canarypox vectors have been safe for humans, in whom there has been no evidence of replication, but more work needs to be done to prove absence of replicati ... | 1995 | 7796950 |
| deletion of fowlpox virus homologues of vaccinia virus genes between the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (a44l) and dna ligase (a50r) genes. | a fragment of 4156 bp of fowlpox virus (fpv) genomic dna contains homologues of vaccinia virus 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-hsd; a44l) and dna ligase (a50r) genes. the fpv locus has clearly been rearranged relative to that of vaccinia virus as homologues of genes a45r to a49r, including the thymidylate kinase and a gene with homology to superoxide dismutase, are deleted. the deleted genes are replaced by two open reading frames: for a serine proteinase in ... | 1994 | 8077953 |
| protection of cats against feline leukemia virus by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant, alvac-fl. | two alvac (canarypox virus)-based recombinant viruses expressing the feline leukemia virus (felv) subgroup a env and gag genes were assessed for their protective efficacy in cats. both recombinant viruses contained the entire gag gene. alvac-fl also expressed the entire envelope glycoprotein, while alvac-fl(dl is) expressed an env-specific gene product deleted of the putative immunosuppressive region. although only 50% of the cats vaccinated with alvac-fl(dl is) were protected against persistent ... | 1993 | 8383248 |
| p53 as a target for cancer vaccines: recombinant canarypox virus vectors expressing p53 protect mice against lethal tumor cell challenge. | the p53 protein is an attractive target for immunotherapy, because mutations in the p53 gene are the most common genetic alterations found in human tumors. these mutations result in high levels of p53 protein in the tumor cell, whereas the expression level of wild-type p53 in nonmalignant tissue is usually much lower. several canarypox virus recombinants expressing human or murine p53 in wild-type or mutant form were constructed. immunization with these viruses protected balb/c mice from a chall ... | 1996 | 8643480 |
| multiple immunizations with attenuated poxvirus hiv type 2 recombinants and subunit boosts required for protection of rhesus macaques. | vaccine protocols involving multiple immunizations with molecularly attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac) or naturally attenuated canarypox virus (alvac) hiv-2 recombinants and subunit boosts have conferred longlasting protection against hiv-2 infection of macaques. similar complex protocols using hiv-1 nyvac and alvac recombinants and subunit boosts have provided cross-protection against hiv-2 challenge. here a simplified three-immunization regimen over 24 weeks was tested in 18 juvenile rhesus mac ... | 1996 | 8827214 |
| memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-negative volunteers immunized with a recombinant canarypox expressing gp 160 of hiv-1 and boosted with a recombinant gp160. | a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) should induce virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. immunization of uninfected volunteers with a canarypox virus expressing hiv envelope was carried out in a phase i trial. two injections of canarypox expressing hiv-1mn gp 160 (months 0 and 1) were followed by two boosts of recombinant envelope protein (months 3 and 6). hiv envelope-specific ctl were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with autologous hiv- ... | 1996 | 8843210 |
| applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination: an update. | recombinant pox viruses have been generated for vaccination against heterologous pathogens. amongst these, the following are notable examples. (i) the engineering of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. when applied in baits, this recombinant has been shown to vaccinate the red fox in europe and raccoons in the united states, stemming the spread of rabies virus infection in the wild. (ii) a fowlpox-based recombinant expressing the newcastle disease vi ... | 1996 | 8876138 |
| cross-protection test of an avian poxvirus isolated from houbara bustards. | an avian poxvirus was isolated previously from the houbara bustard (chlamydotis undulata). we carried out a cross-protection test on 66 captive-bred canaries. thirty-five canaries were vaccinated with a commercial canary poxvirus (cp) vaccine. three weeks later all 66 birds were assigned randomly to six different groups: group ia (n = 14) was vaccinated and challenged with houbara bustard poxvirus (hp) strain; group ib (n = 13) was vaccinated and challenged with a cp strain; group ic (n = 7) was ... | 1996 | 8980803 |
| canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets as a model for testing morbillivirus vaccine strategies: nyvac- and alvac-based cdv recombinants protect against symptomatic infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets causes an acute systemic disease involving multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, lymphoid system, and central nervous system (cns). we have tested candidate cdv vaccines incorporating the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin (ha) proteins in the highly attenuated nyvac strain of vaccinia virus and in the alvac strain of canarypox virus, which does not productively replicate in mammalian hosts. juvenile ferrets were vaccinated twice wit ... | 1997 | 8995676 |
| poxvirus-based japanese encephalitis vaccine candidates induce je virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice. | recombinant japanese encephalitis (je) vaccine candidates based on a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac-jev) and a canarypox virus (alvac-jev) were evaluated for their ability to induce specific antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in mice. six- to eight-week-old male balb/c mice that received one or two intraperitoneal inoculations with these je vaccine candidates at a dose of 1 x 10(7) pfu per mouse produced neutralizing antibody and antibodies to the envelope (e) and nonstructur ... | 1997 | 9018134 |
| a recombinant canarypox virus protects rabbits against a lethal rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) challenge. | an alvac (canarypox)-based recombinant virus alvac-rhdv (vcp309) expressing a native rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) capsid protein was derived and assessed for its protective efficacy in rabbits. protection against a lethal rhdv challenge was demonstrated in rabbits inoculated twice with either high (10(7) p.f.u.) or low (10(5) p.f.u.) doses of vcp309. however, animals in the high dose group developed significantly higher antibody response. these results have implications that are relev ... | 1997 | 9041672 |
| canarypox virus vectors for gene transfer in cancer immunotherapy. | | 1997 | 9091636 |
| effect of canarypox virus (alvac)-mediated cytokine expression on murine prostate tumor growth. | canarypox virus, alvac, does not replicate in infected mammalian cells and has potential as a vector for gene therapy in the treatment of cancer. | 1997 | 9091644 |
| vaccine therapy in early hiv-1 infection using a recombinant canarypox virus expressing gp160mn (alvac-hiv): a double-blind controlled randomized study of safety and immunogenicity. | | 1997 | 9143616 |
| recombinant vaccinia viruses for the characterization of plasmodium falciparum-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: recognition of processed antigen despite limited re-stimulation efficacy. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) have been implicated in immunity to plasmodium falciparum infection and disease. we have previously described the use of peptides to define malaria-specific ctl epitopes. to determine whether these peptide epitopes are processed intracellularly from the whole antigen we have developed recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv) expressing three malaria antigens: thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (trap), pfs16 and the c-terminal half of liver-stage antigen (lsa)-1. targ ... | 1997 | 9184918 |
| challenge of chimpanzees immunized with a recombinant canarypox-hiv-1 virus. | to evaluate the potential protective efficacy of a live recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) canarypox vaccine candidate, two chimpanzees were immunized five times with alvac-hiv-1 vcp250, a recombinant canarypox virus that expresses the hiv-1[iiib(lai)] gp120/tm, gag, and protease gene products. one month after the last booster inoculation, the animals were challenged by intravenous injection of cell-associated virus in the form of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an h ... | 1997 | 9185593 |
| protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components. | 1997 | 9256965 |
| restricted specificity of anti-v3 antibodies induced in humans by hiv candidate vaccines. | we analyzed the fine specificity of anti-v3 antibodies elicited in three different species (human, guinea pig, and macaque) by various hiv candidate vaccines. following immunization with recombinant canarypox virus expressing gp160mn or with recombinant gp160mn/lai, this antibody response was shown to be directed against the nh2-terminal region of the v3 loop. although this response was increased by a prime-boost regimen using immunization with canarypox expressing gp160 followed by an rgp160 bo ... | 1997 | 9390746 |
| [poxvirus vectors for gene transfer]. | a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy is immunization with modified tumor cells carrying cytokine or immunomodulatory genes. cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2, interferon gamma) and costimulatory molecule, b7-1, were incorporated into canarypox virus, alvac, which does not replicate in infected mammalian cells, and highly attenuated vaccinia virus, nyvac. we examined the effect of local cytokine production on the growth of the mouse prostate tumor, rm-1, and the m ... | 1997 | 9436032 |
| hepatitis c virus-specific ctl responses in pbmc from chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis c: determination of ctl and ctl precursor frequencies using a recombinant canarypox virus (alvac). | the aim of this study was to evaluate hcv-cytotoxic t lymphocyte response from pbmc in bulk ctl assays and in ctl precursor analyses using in vitro stimulation with canarypox virus (alvac) expressing hcv-capsid/e1/e2/ns2/ns3 antigens. canarypox virus is naturally host-range restricted and does not replicate or cause cytopathology on mammalian cells. pbmc were obtained from four chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis c infection and one uninfected chimpanzee. ctl from bulk culture of pbmc and ctl pre ... | 1998 | 9692864 |
| fine specificity of anti-v3 antibodies induced in chimpanzees by hiv candidate vaccines. | the fine specificity of the anti-v3 antibody responses induced in chimpanzees immunized by various human immunodeficiency type 1 (hiv-1) candidate vaccines and challenged by heterologous strains of hiv-1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and pepscan epitope mapping. two chimpanzees immunized with the recombinant canarypox virus alvac-hiv (vcp125) expressing gp160mn and boosted with purified gp160mn/lai alone, then with both immunogens in combination, were not protected ag ... | 1998 | 9718117 |
| canarypox virus-based vaccines: prime-boost strategies to induce cell-mediated and humoral immunity against hiv. | | 1998 | 9814957 |
| canarypox virus-mediated interleukin 12 gene transfer into murine mammary adenocarcinoma induces tumor suppression and long-term antitumoral immunity. | the antitumoral activity of recombinant canarypox virus vectors (alvac) expressing murine interleukin 12 (il-12) was evaluated in the syngeneic, nonimmunogenic murine mammary adenocarcinoma model (ts/a). seven-day preestablished subcutaneous tumors (5- to 6-mm mean diameters) were injected on days 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 with the vector alvac-il12 at 2.5 x 10(5) tcid50 (50% tissue culture infective dose). total tumor regression occurred in 40 to 50% of the treated mice. furthermore, 100% of th ... | 1998 | 9853515 |
| induction of immune responses to hiv-1 by canarypox virus (alvac) hiv-1 and gp120 sf-2 recombinant vaccines in uninfected volunteers. niaid aids vaccine evaluation group. | to determine the ability of live attenuated canarypox virus expressing hiv antigens to induce cd8+ cytotoxic t-cell responses and to prime for neutralizing antibody responses to boosting with purified recombinant gp120 subunit vaccine. | 1998 | 9875578 |
| mucosal vaccination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines protects ferrets against symptomatic cdv infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets causes a disease characterized by fever, erythema, conjunctivitis and leukocytopenia, similar clinically to measles except for the fatal neurologic sequelae of cdv. we vaccinated juvenile ferrets twice at 4-week intervals by the intranasal or intraduodenal route with attenuated vaccinia (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) constructs containing the cdv hemagglutinin and fusion genes. controls were vaccinated with the same vectors expressing rabies ... | 1999 | 9987168 |
| identification of the canarypox virus thymidine kinase gene and insertion of foreign genes. | we mapped the canarypox virus (capv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene within a 5.8-kbp xbai fragment of the genome by southern blotting using the fowlpox virus (fpv) tk gene as a probe. nucleotide sequence analysis of the fragment revealed seven open reading frames (orfs) showing gene organization similar to that of fpv. the tk gene contained in this region had an orf of 179 amino acids encoding a polypeptide with a putative molecular mass of 20.0 kda. an a/t-rich region and a transcription terminatio ... | 1999 | 10191193 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a live recombinant canarypox virus expressing hiv type 1 gp120 mn mn tm/gag/protease lai (alvac-hiv, vcp205) followed by a p24e-v3 mn synthetic peptide (cltb-36) administered in healthy volunteers at low risk for hiv infection. agis group and l'agence nationale de recherches sur le sida. | a live recombinant canarypox vector expressing hiv-1 gpl20 mn tm/gag/protease lai (alvac-hiv, vcp205) alone or boosted by a p24e-v3 mn synthetic peptide (cltb-36) was tested in healthy volunteers at low risk for hiv infection for their safety and immunogenicity. both antigens were well tolerated. alvac-hiv (vcp205) induced low levels of neutralizing antibodies against hiv-1 mn in 33% of the volunteers. none of them had detectable neutralizing antibodies against a nonsyncytium-inducing hiv-1 clad ... | 1999 | 10331442 |
| a canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. | induction of cd8+ cytotoxic t cells is considered one of the important correlates for the protective efficacy of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vaccines. to induce cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) along with neutralizing antibody and cd4+ t cell help, a live canarypox virus construct expressing gp120, transmembrane gp41, the gag and protease genes, and sequences containing ctl epitopes in nef and pol was given simultaneously with, or followed by, rgp120 sf2. cd8+ ctls w ... | 1999 | 10395842 |
| a canarypox vector expressing cytomegalovirus (cmv) glycoprotein b primes for antibody responses to a live attenuated cmv vaccine (towne). | to develop a vaccine against cytomegalovirus (cmv), a canarypox virus (alvac) expressing cmv glycoprotein (gb) was evaluated alone or in combination with a live, attenuated cmv vaccine (towne). three doses of 106.5 tcid50 of alvac-cmv(gb) induced very low neutralizing or elisa antibodies in most seronegative adults. however, to determine whether alvac-cmv(gb) could prime for antibody responses, 20 seronegative adults randomly received either 106.8 tcid50 of alvac-cmv(gb) or 106.8 tcid50 of alvac ... | 1999 | 10438376 |
| vaccine-induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 using two complementary in vitro stimulation strategies. | cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) induced by candidate hiv-1 vaccines may be a mechanism of immune protection against hiv-1 infection. we measured in vitro inducible cd8+ and cd4+ ctl using two in vitro effector cell stimulation strategies. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) for ctl assay were obtained after the third and/or fourth immunization timepoints from 23 healthy, uninfected adult volunteers, of whom 19 received a canarypox viru ... | 1999 | 10580197 |
| viral vector delivery in solid-state vehicles: gene expression in a murine prostate cancer model. | although there are increasingly more clinical trials involving gene therapy, efficient gene transfer remains a major hurdle to success. to enhance the efficiency of delivery of viral vectors in gene therapy protocols, we evaluated the effect of various matrices to act as a vehicle for recombinant virus during intratumoral injection. | 2000 | 10699070 |
| vaccination against canine distemper virus infection in infant ferrets with and without maternal antibody protection, using recombinant attenuated poxvirus vaccines. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. the model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) vaccine strains expressing the cdv hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) protein genes (nyvac-hf and alvac-hf) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against c ... | 2000 | 10864646 |
| dna prime-canarypox boost with polycistronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) genes generates potent immune responses to hcv structural and nonstructural proteins. | dna vaccination was employed to study immune responses to hepatitis c virus (hcv) proteins. as an immunizing strategy, we studied immune responses of balb/c (h-2d) and c57bl/6 mice (h-2b) to hcv genes delivered intramuscularly as a polycistronic construct capsid/e1/e2/ns2/ns3 (prc/c-ns3) encoding 5 structural and nonstructural proteins. we also evaluated canarypox virus containing the same hcv genes as a means for potentiating immune responses to naked dna. our results indicate that mice that re ... | 2000 | 10882577 |
| [antiviral vaccines]. | vaccination has been successful in controlling numerous diseases in man and animals. smallpox has been eradicated and poliomyelitis is on the verge of being eradicated. the traditional immunization arsenal includes vaccines using live, attenuated, and inactivated organisms. dna recombinant technology has added two new types of vaccines, i.e. subunit vaccines based on purified antigens produced by genetic engineering in bacterial, yeast, or animal-cell cultures and live recombinant vaccines based ... | 1999 | 10901858 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope epitope-specific cd4(+) t lymphocytes in simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected and vaccinated rhesus monkeys detected using a peptide-major histocompatibility complex class ii tetramer. | a tetrameric recombinant major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-peptide complex was used to quantitate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope (env)-specific cd4(+) t cells in vaccinated and in simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv)-infected rhesus monkeys. a rhesus monkey mhc class ii dr molecule, mamu-dr*w201, and an hiv-1 env peptide (p46) were employed to construct this tetrameric complex. a p46-specific proliferative response was seen in sorted, tetramer-binding, b ... | 2000 | 10954578 |
| a human immunodeficiency virus prime-boost immunization regimen in humans induces antibodies that show interclade cross-reactivity and neutralize several x4-, r5-, and dualtropic clade b and c primary isolates. | a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine that will be useful in diverse geographic regions will need to induce a broad immune response characterized by cross-clade immunity. to test whether a clade b-based hiv candidate vaccine could induce interclade humoral responses, including neutralizing activity against primary hiv-1 isolates, sera were tested from recipients of a vaccine consisting of recombinant canarypox virus vcp205 and recombinant gp120(sf2). serum antibodies exhibited strong immu ... | 2000 | 11024131 |
| canarypox virus-induced maturation of dendritic cells is mediated by apoptotic cell death and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion. | recombinant avipox viruses are being widely evaluated as vaccines. to address how these viruses, which replicate poorly in mammalian cells, might be immunogenic, we studied how canarypox virus (alvac) interacts with primate antigen-presenting dendritic cells (dcs). when human and rhesus macaque monocyte-derived dcs were exposed to recombinant alvac, immature dcs were most susceptible to infection. however, many of the infected cells underwent apoptotic cell death, and dying infected cells were e ... | 2000 | 11070033 |
| biomarker distribution after injection into the canine prostate: implications for gene therapy. | to evaluate the distribution of biomarkers after transrectal injection into the canine prostate and to report a method for enhancing the distribution of gene expression. | 2000 | 11119105 |
| adoptive t cell immunotherapy of human uveal melanoma targeting gp100. | hla-a*0201-restricted ctl against human gp100 were isolated from hla-a*0201/k(b) (a2/k(b))-transgenic mice immunized with recombinant canarypox virus (alvac-gp100). these ctl strongly responded to the gp100(154-162) epitope, in the context of both the chimeric a2/k(b) and the wild-type hla-a*0201- molecule, and efficiently lysed human hla-a*0201(+), gp100(+) melanoma cells in vitro. the capacity of the ctl to eradicate these tumors in vivo was analyzed in a2/k(b)-transgenic transgenic mice that ... | 2000 | 11120866 |
| mature dendritic cells infected with canarypox virus elicit strong anti-human immunodeficiency virus cd8+ and cd4+ t-cell responses from chronically infected individuals. | recombinant canarypox virus vectors containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) sequences are promising vaccine candidates, as they replicate poorly in human cells. however, when delivered intramuscularly the vaccines have induced inconsistent and in some cases transient antigen-specific cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) responses in seronegative volunteers. an attractive way to enhance these responses would be to target canarypox virus to professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic ... | 2001 | 11160718 |
| safety and immunogenicity of alvac wild-type human p53 (vcp207) by the intravenous route in rhesus macaques. | p53 is over-expressed in approximately 50% of human cancers, and transfer of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) against wild-type p53 protects mice against p53-over-expressing tumors, suggesting that p53 might be an attractive target for immunotherapy. immunization of mice with a recombinant canarypox virus, alvac, expressing human wild-type p53 (vcp207) prevented growth of p53-over-expressing tumors. since intravenous administration induced better immune responses in mice than other routes, we have ... | 2001 | 11166889 |
| cytokine responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) induced by immunization with live recombinant canarypox virus vaccine expressing hiv-1 genes boosted by hiv-1(sf-2) recombinant gp120. | vaccine-induced t-cell memory for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was assessed by measuring hiv-1 antigen-stimulated cytokine secretion in 72 hiv-1-uninfected subjects, of whom 52 received live recombinant canarypox virus vaccine expressing hiv-1 env, gag, and protease gene products (vcp205) with or without hiv-1(sf-2) recombinant gp120 (sf-2 rgp120) subunit vaccine, and 20 the control. the vcp205 vaccine induced secretion of the th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma, by peripheral blood mo ... | 2001 | 11166906 |
| evaluation of gene transfer efficiency by viral vectors to murine bladder epithelium. | in pre-clinical gene therapy studies of bladder cancer there is tremendous variation in the ability of viral vectors to deliver genetic material to bladder epithelium. possible explanations for this variability may involve the physical parameters of delivering vectors in these experimental models. we examined the effects of intravesical volume and pressure during instillation as well as chemical modification of the bladder epithelium on subsequent gene expression in the bladder in mice. | 2001 | 11176455 |
| canarypox virus expressing wild type p53 for gene therapy in murine tumors mutated in p53. | the antitumor activity of a recombinant canarypox virus expressing wild type murine p53 (alvac-p53) was investigated in two murine syngeneic tumors harboring an endogenous p53 mutation (cms4 and ts/a). direct intratumor injections of alvac-p53 in cms4 pre-established subcutaneous tumors induced total tumor regression in 66% of mice. furthermore, 100% of the cured mice was protected against a contralateral subsequent challenge with the parental tumor cells. the intravenous treatment of experiment ... | 2001 | 11263530 |
| the influence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prior chemotherapy on the immunological response to a vaccine (alvac-cea b7.1) in patients with metastatic carcinoma. | granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) has been shown to be an effective vaccine adjuvant because it enhances antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells. alvac-cea b7.1 is a canarypox virus encoding the gene for the tumor-associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and for a t-cell costimulatory molecule, b7.1. after an initial dose escalation phase, this study evaluated vaccination with 4.5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units alvac-cea b7.1 alone (n = 30) or with g ... | 2001 | 11350882 |
| three new aids vaccine trials begin testing novel concepts. | the aids vaccine evaluation group (aveg) has begun enrollment in three new clinical trials that are testing a novel route of immunization (aveg 027), an innovative vaccine strategy (aveg 028), and a new adjuvant, or vaccine booster (aveg 033). aveg 027 is studying an experimental vaccine being applied topically to specific mucosal sites and then measuring the antibodies created at those sites. since hiv is often transmitted across mucosal surfaces, it is believed a vaccine that induces mucosal a ... | 1998 | 11365091 |
| cross-protection against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) challenge in human immunodeficiency virus type 2-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys. | in this study we compared the efficacy of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) vaccine alone versus boosting with live non-pathogenic hiv-2 following priming with alvac hiv-2 (recombinant canarypox virus expressing hiv-2 env, gag and pol). six monkeys were first inoculated intravenously with live hiv-2(sbl-6669) and 7 to 10 months later were challenged intrarectally with 10 mid(50) of cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strain sivsm. one monkey was completely pro ... | 2001 | 11413371 |
| cross-presentation by dendritic cells of tumor antigen expressed in apoptotic recombinant canarypox virus-infected dendritic cells. | we have investigated the possible usefulness of recombinant canarypox virus (alvac) encoding the melanoma-associated ag, melan-a/mart-1 (mart-1), in cancer immunotherapy, using a dendritic cell (dc)-based approach. alvac mart-1-infected dc express, and are able to process and present, the ag coded by the viral vector. one consistent feature of infection by alvac is that these viruses induce apoptosis, and we show cross-presentation of ag when uninfected dc are cocultured with alvac mart-1-infect ... | 2001 | 11466405 |
| canarypox vaccines induce antigen-specific human gammadelta t cells capable of interferon-gamma production. | induction of human gammadelta t cells was investigated in subjects who were vaccinated with live recombinant canarypox virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proteins or soluble mn rgp120. both canarypox and rgp120 induced antigen-specific lymphoproliferative and interferon (ifn)-gamma responses. however, only canarypox vaccination induced increased gammadelta t cell responses detectable after secondary in vitro expansion (p<.02). these enhanced gammadelta t cell responses were spec ... | 2001 | 11474428 |
| hiv type 1 vaccine-induced t cell memory and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses in hiv type 1-uninfected volunteers. | t cell memory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antigens and anti-hiv-1 cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity were assessed after administration of live canarypox virus (alvac) expressing hiv-1 env, gag, and protease (vcp205) vaccine given alone, vcp205 given with sf-2 recombinant gp120 (rgp120) vaccine, and placebos at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. healthy, hiv-1-uninfected subjects reporting high-risk and low-risk behavior for hiv-1 were enrolled. anti-hiv-1 env cd8(+) ctls (hiv-1(mn) an ... | 2001 | 11522187 |
| immunization with type 5 adenovirus recombinant for a tumor antigen in combination with recombinant canarypox virus (alvac) cytokine gene delivery induces destruction of established prostate tumors. | prostate-specific antigen (psa) is expressed by prostate epithelial cells and has a highly restricted tissue distribution. prostatic malignancies in 95% of patients continue to express psa, making this antigen a good candidate for targeted immunotherapy. the goals of our studies are to generate a recombinant psa adenovirus type 5 (ad5-psa) that is safe and effectively activates a psa-specific t-cell response capable of eliminating prostate cancer cells, and to characterize the immunologic basis ... | 2001 | 11745487 |
| recombinant canarypox vaccine-elicited ctl specific for dominant and subdominant simian immunodeficiency virus epitopes in rhesus monkeys. | since virus-specific ctl play a central role in containing hiv replication, a candidate aids vaccine should generate virus-specific ctl responses. in this study, the ability of a recombinant canarypox virus expressing siv gag-pol-env (alvac/siv gag-pol-env) was assessed for its ability to elicit both dominant and subdominant epitope-specific ctl responses in rhesus monkeys. following a series of five immunizations, memory ctl responses specific for a dominant gag epitope could be demonstrated in ... | 2002 | 11823518 |
| safety and immunogenicity of alvac vcp1452 and recombinant gp160 in newly human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients treated with prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy. | in order to boost immune responses in persons in whom highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) was initiated within 120 days of the onset of symptoms of newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, we administered vaccines containing a canarypox virus vector, vcp1452, with hiv-1 genes encoding multiple hiv-1 proteins, and recombinant gp160. fifteen hiv-1-infected subjects who achieved sustained suppression of plasma viremia for at least 2 years were enrolled. while c ... | 2002 | 11836398 |
| [antitumor vaccines: conception, development and evaluation in humans]. | our strategy is to develop multivalent recombinant vaccines capable of eliciting broad immune responses in patients with malignant melanoma or colorectal cancer. our current focus is on the induction of tumor-specific t cell responses using a prime-boost immunization schedule with a unique vector system derived from the canarypox virus called alvac, in which we incorporate genes encoding tumor associated antigens (taas). a series of phase i/ii clinical studies evaluating alvac recombinants carry ... | 2002 | 12378152 |
| dna immunization with hepatitis c virus (hcv) polycistronic genes or immunization by hcv dna priming-recombinant canarypox virus boosting induces immune responses and protection from recombinant hcv-vaccinia virus infection in hla-a2.1-transgenic mice. | we studied immune responses to hepatitis c virus (hcv) genes delivered as dna encoding the entire hcv protein coding genome in two polycistronic plasmids encoding hcv capsid-e1-e2-ns2-ns3 and hcv ns3-ns4-ns5 in hla-a2.1-transgenic mice. immune responses to hcv dna prime and recombinant canarypox virus boost were also studied with the above constructs. at 8 weeks after a canarypox virus boost, the dna prime/canarypox virus boosting regimen induced potent cellular immune responses to hcv structura ... | 2003 | 12477843 |
| induction of hla-g-restricted human cytomegalovirus pp65 (ul83)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in hla-g transgenic mice. | the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class i molecule hla-g is expressed mainly by extravillous trophoblasts at the materno-foetal interface. hla-g has been found to bind endogenously processed nonameric peptides but its function as a restriction element for a cytotoxic t cell response to viruses with tropism for trophoblastic cells has never been demonstrated. in this study, candidate viral peptides derived from human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pp65 (ul83), which stabilized the hla-g ... | 2003 | 12560562 |
| safety of intravenous administration of a canarypox virus encoding the human wild-type p53 gene in colorectal cancer patients. | overexpression of p53 occurs in more than 50% of colorectal cancers. therefore, p53 represents an attractive target antigen for immunotherapy. we assessed the safety of a canarypox virus encoding the human wild-type p53 gene given intravenously to end-stage colorectal cancer patients in a three-step dose escalation study aimed at inducing p53 immune responses. patients with metastatic disease of p53-overexpressing colorectal cancers were vaccinated three times at 3-week intervals, each time with ... | 2003 | 12833131 |
| immunization of colorectal carcinoma patients with a recombinant canarypox virus expressing the tumor antigen ep-cam/ksa (alvac-ksa) and granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor induced a tumor-specific cellular immune response. | colorectal carcinoma cells express the tumor-associated antigen epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (ep-cam)/ksa. passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies using this antigen has shown promising results. ep-cam might also be a target for active specific immunotherapy. expression of the tumor antigen in a viral vector may facilitate appropriate antigen presentation. the feasibility of an ep-cam/ksa-specific therapeutic vaccination was investigated in cancer patients. | 2003 | 12855617 |
| comparison of viral vectors: gene transfer efficiency and tissue specificity in a bladder cancer model. | gene transfer efficiency and specific cell targeting of vectors is a major obstacle in preclinical studies of gene therapy for malignant disease. previous attempts at gene transfer in bladder cancer models have resulted in variable urothelial and tumor transgene expression after intravesical administration of recombinant viral vectors. in the current study we compared the gene transfer efficiencies of different viral vectors. | 2003 | 12913754 |
| efficacy of a canarypox virus-vectored vaccine against feline leukaemia. | canarypox virus recombinant vaccines have a unique efficacy and safety profile for the vaccinated host because the canarypox virus is non-replicative in mammalian hosts. after the vaccination of a mammalian species, recombinant canarypox viruses express the inserted genes but cannot multiply in the host. they stimulate a strong immune response in the absence of any virus amplification in the host or any viral spread into the environment. a new canarypox-based recombinant vaccine is the canarypox ... | 2003 | 12934796 |
| comparative histopathology of skin reactions in the chicken, turkey, and canary infected with a strain variant canary pox virus. | | 1957 | 13394840 |
| monoclonal anti-mage-3 ctl responses in melanoma patients displaying tumor regression after vaccination with a recombinant canarypox virus. | we have analyzed the t cell responses of hla-a1 metastatic melanoma patients with detectable disease, following vaccination with a recombinant alvac virus, which bears short mage-1 and mage-3 sequences coding for antigenic peptides presented by hla-a1. to evaluate the anti-mage ctl responses, we resorted to antigenic stimulation of blood lymphocytes under limiting dilution conditions, followed by tetramer analysis and cloning of the tetramer-positive cells. the clones were tested for their speci ... | 2003 | 14568971 |
| local immunotherapy of spontaneous feline fibrosarcomas using recombinant poxviruses expressing interleukin 2 (il2). | we tested the canarypox virus vector alvac and the genetically attenuated vaccinia virus vector nyvac as vehicles for achieving local immunomodulation in domestic animals bearing spontaneous tumours. following intratumoral administration of alvac-, or nyvac-luciferase in dogs with melanoma, it was demonstrated that viral recombinants remained localized along the needle track, with no virus detectable in the periphery of the tumour. given these distribution characteristics and their well-document ... | 2003 | 14625567 |
| binding of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected lymphocytes elicited by vaccines and by natural infection. | binding of antibodies to oligomeric envelope glycoprotein of r5-tropic primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was studied by flow cytometry using sera from hiv-1 vaccine recipients and clade b and c hiv-1-infected patients, and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to neutralizing epitopes of hiv-1. vaccine recipients received recombinant canarypox virus vaccine expressing hiv-1 gene products, and sf-2 recombinant gp120 subunit vaccine. anti-gp120 neutralizing antibodies ... | 2004 | 14670320 |
| the genome of canarypox virus. | here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a canarypox virus (cnpv). the 365-kbp cnpv genome contains 328 potential genes in a central region and in 6.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats. comparison with the previously characterized fowlpox virus (fwpv) genome revealed avipoxvirus-specific genomic features, including large genomic rearrangements relative to other chordopoxviruses and novel cellular homologues and gene families. cnpv also contains many genomic differences with fwpv, incl ... | 2004 | 14671117 |
| comparison of systemic and mucosal delivery of 2 canarypox virus vaccines expressing either hiv-1 genes or the gene for rabies virus g protein. | since the primary routes of human immunodeficiency type 1 (hiv-1) infection are across mucosal barriers, a randomized trial of canarypox virus-based vectors was conducted in 84 individuals, with delivery of vaccine by mucosal routes, and was accompanied by a detailed analysis of humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses. | 2004 | 15031791 |
| assessment of the efficacy of a single dose of a recombinant vaccine against west nile virus in response to natural challenge with west nile virus-infected mosquitoes in horses. | to determine the onset of immunity after im administration of a single dose of a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine against west nile virus (wnv) in horses in a blind challenge trial. | 2004 | 15566080 |
| intratumoral administration of a recombinant canarypox virus expressing interleukin 12 in patients with metastatic melanoma. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and activity of intratumoral administered human interleukin 12 encoded by a vector derived from the canarypox virus (alvac-il-12). nine patients with surgically incurable metastatic melanoma who had subcutaneous nodules available for injection were enrolled. alvac-il-12 was administered by intratumoral injection on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. tumor nodules greater than 2 cm in diameter were injected with 2 x 10(6) median tissue culture infectious ... | 2005 | 15703492 |
| the anamnestic serologic response to vaccination with a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant west nile virus (wnv) vaccine in horses previously vaccinated with an inactivated wnv vaccine. | a new recombinant west nile virus (wnv) vaccine has been licensed for use in horses. prior to the availability of the recombinant vaccine in 2004, the only equine wnv vaccine available on the market had been an inactivated vaccine. since the recombinant vaccine only expresses selected viral genes, the question could be posed as to whether a single dose of the recombinant vaccine would be effective in producing an anamnestic serologic response in horses previously vaccinated with an inactivated w ... | 2004 | 15719324 |
| fowlpox virus as a recombinant vaccine vector for use in mammals and poultry. | live vaccines against fowlpox virus, which causes moderate pathology in poultry and is the type species of the avipoxvirus genus, were developed in the 1920s. development of recombinant fowlpox virus vector vaccines began in the 1980s, for use not only in poultry, but also in mammals including humans. in common with other avipoxviruses, such as canarypox virus, fowlpox virus enters mammalian cells and expresses proteins, but replicates abortively. the use of fowlpox virus as a safe vehicle for e ... | 2005 | 15757474 |
| phase i study of the intratumoral administration of recombinant canarypox viruses expressing b7.1 and interleukin 12 in patients with metastatic melanoma. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and activity of the intratumoral administration of the immune costimulatory molecule, b7.1, encoded by a vector derived from the canarypox virus, alvac (alvac-b7.1), alone and with the intratumoral injection of alvac encoding the immune-stimulatory cytokine, interleukin 12 (alvac-il-12). fourteen patients with metastatic melanoma who had s.c. nodules received intratumoral injections on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. nine patients were given escalatin ... | 2005 | 15930353 |
| tumoral and immunologic response after vaccination of melanoma patients with an alvac virus encoding mage antigens recognized by t cells. | to evaluate the toxicity, antitumoral effectiveness, and immunogenicity of repeated vaccinations with alvac minimage-1/3, a recombinant canarypox virus containing a minigene encoding antigenic peptides mage-3(168-176) and mage-1(161-169), which are presented by hla-a1 and b35 on tumor cells and can be recognized by cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctls). | 2005 | 16061912 |
| characterization of canarypox-like viruses infecting endemic birds in the galápagos islands. | the presence of avian pox in endemic birds in the galápagos islands has led to concern that the health of these birds may be threatened by avipoxvirus introduction by domestic birds. we describe here a simple polymerase chain reaction-based method for identification and discrimination of avipoxvirus strains similar to the fowlpox or canarypox viruses. this method, in conjunction with dna sequencing of two polymerase chain reaction-amplified loci totaling about 800 bp, was used to identify two av ... | 2005 | 16107669 |
| [the quest for an hiv vaccine]. | at least 49 phase i trials of candidate vaccines for hiv/aids, together with two phase ii trials and two phase iii trials have been completed since the mid 1980s, involving more than 35 different vaccine formulations, 14 different adjuvants and more than 12000 volunteers. although several neutralizing epitopes have been identified on the surface of the virus glycoprotein spikes, the goal of an hiv envelope-based vaccine capable of eliciting broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies is elusive. a ... | 2005 | 16433455 |
| protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine. | to compare protection against felv challenge obtained following administration of 2 doses of an adjuvanted, chemically inactivated, whole felv (felv-k) vaccine with protection obtained following administration of 1 dose of an felv-k vaccine followed by 1 dose of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant felv (rcp-felv) vaccine. | 2006 | 16506935 |
| two families of rep-like genes that probably originated by interspecies recombination are represented in viral, plasmid, bacterial, and parasitic protozoan genomes. | two families of genes related to, and including, rolling circle replication initiator protein (rep) genes were defined by sequence similarity and by evidence of intergene family recombination. the rep genes of circoviruses were the best characterized members of the "recrep1 family." other members of the recrep1 family were rep-like genes found in the genomes of the canarypox virus, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia duodenalis and in a plasmid, p4m, from the gram-positive bacterium, bifidobacter ... | 2006 | 16531508 |
| use of dna and recombinant canarypox viral (alvac) vectors for equine herpes virus vaccination. | in this study, experimental canarypox virus (alvac) and plasmid dna recombinant vaccines expressing the gb, gc and gd glycoproteins of ehv-1 were assessed for their ability to protect conventional ponies against a respiratory challenge with ehv-1. in addition, potential means of enhancing serological responses in horses to alvac and dna vaccination were explored. these included co-administration of the antigen with conventional adjuvants, complexation with dmrie-dope and co-expression of the ant ... | 2006 | 16580075 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of an avian poxvirus isolated from an endangered hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis). | an avian poxvirus from cutaneous lesions in a hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis) was characterized in this study. the virus was isolated by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of developing chicken embryos. cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed on histopathological examination of cam lesions. western blotting analysis using polyclonal antiserum against fowl poxvirus (fwpv) showed differences from fwpv, but a similar antigenic profile between hawaiian goosepox (hgp) isola ... | 2006 | 16617975 |
| antibody and ifn-gamma responses induced by a recombinant canarypox vaccine and challenge infection with equine influenza virus. | in horses, equine influenza virus (eiv) is a leading cause of respiratory disease. conventional inactivated vaccines induce a short-lived immune response. by comparison, natural infection confers a long-term immunity to re-infection. an aim of new equine influenza vaccines is to more closely mimic natural infection in order to achieve a better quality of immunity. a new live recombinant vaccine derived from the canarypox virus vector and expressing haemagglutinin genes of eiv (subtype h3n8) has ... | 2006 | 16621023 |
| attempted therapeutic immunization in a chimpanzee chronic hbv carrier with a high viral load. | we previously reported successful therapeutic immunization in a chimpanzee having a relatively low viral load, which was immunized with recombinant plasmid hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) dna and boosted with recombinant hbsag encoding canarypox virus. in the present study, we attempted to confirm these findings in an animal with a high virus load. | 2006 | 16764675 |
| avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a pcr length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. | avipoxvirus infections have been observed in an extensive range of wild, captive and domesticated avian hosts, yet little is known about the genome diversity and host-range specificity of the causative agent(s). genome-sequence data are largely restricted to fowlpox virus (fwpv) and canarypox virus (cnpv), which have been sequenced completely, showing considerable divergence between them. it is therefore proving difficult, by empirical approaches, to identify pan-genus, avipoxvirus-specific olig ... | 2006 | 16847115 |
| hiv-1 vaccine induced immune responses in newborns of hiv-1 infected mothers. | breast milk transmission continues to account for a large proportion of cases of mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1 worldwide. an effective hiv-1 vaccine coupled with either passive immunization or short-term antiretroviral prophylaxis represents a potential strategy to prevent breast milk transmission. this study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of alvac hiv-1 vaccine with and without a subunit envelope boost in infants born to hiv-1-infected women. | 2006 | 16847402 |
| recombinant nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge. | nipah virus (niv), of the family paramyxoviridae, was isolated in 1999 in malaysia from a human fatality in an outbreak of severe human encephalitis, when human infections were linked to transmission of the virus from pigs. consequently, a swine vaccine able to abolish virus shedding is of veterinary and human health interest. canarypox virus-based vaccine vectors carrying the gene for niv glycoprotein (alvac-g) or the fusion protein (alvac-f) were used to intramuscularly immunize four pigs per ... | 2006 | 16873250 |
| recombinant canarypox virus vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the vp2 and vp5 outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus induces high level protection in sheep. | we describe the development and preliminary characterization of a recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine for protective immunization of ruminants against bluetongue virus (btv) infection. sheep (n=6) immunized with recombinant canarypox virus vector (btv-cp) co-expressing synthetic genes encoding the two outer capsid proteins (vp2 and vp5) of btv serotype 17 (btv-17) developed high titers (40-160) of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and were resistant to challenge with a field strain ... | 2007 | 17059856 |
| the canarypox-virus vaccine vector alvac triggers the release of ifn-gamma by natural killer (nk) cells enhancing th1 polarization. | we investigated the mechanism by which alvac activates innate immunity. combining alvac with protein antigens significantly augmented antigen-specific igg2a responses; this was dependent on the presence of bioactive interferon (ifn)-gamma. immuno-depletion of nk cells prior to alvac immunisation abrogated ifn-gamma production indicating that they are the main cellular source of early ifn-gamma in vivo. murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) cultured in the presence of alvac secreted ... | 2007 | 17234309 |
| advances in prostate cancer immunotherapies. | prostate cancer is a major cause of mortality in men in the western world. although treatment of early stage prostate cancer with radiation therapy or prostatectomy is efficient in most cases, some patients develop a fatal hormone-refractory disease. treatments in this case are limited to aggressive chemotherapies, which can reduce serum prostate-specific antigen (psa) levels in some patients. taxane- and platinum-compound-based chemotherapies produce a survival benefit of only a few months. the ... | 2007 | 17362049 |
| direct comparison of antigen production and induction of apoptosis by canarypox virus- and modified vaccinia virus ankara-human immunodeficiency virus vaccine vectors. | recombinant poxvirus vectors are undergoing intensive evaluation as vaccine candidates for a variety of infectious pathogens. avipoxviruses, such as canarypox virus, are replication deficient in mammalian cells by virtue of a poorly understood species-specific restriction. highly attenuated vaccinia virus strains such as modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) are similarly unable to complete replication in most mammalian cells but have an abortive-late phenotype, in that the block to replication o ... | 2007 | 17409140 |
| induction of multi-antigen multi-stage immune responses against plasmodium falciparum in rhesus monkeys, in the absence of antigen interference, with heterologous dna prime/poxvirus boost immunization. | the present study has evaluated the immunogenicity of single or multiple plasmodium falciparum (pf) antigens administered in a dna prime/poxvirus boost regimen with or without the poloxamer crl1005 in rhesus monkeys. animals were primed with pfcsp plasmid dna or a mixture of pfcsp, pfssp2/trap, pflsa1, pfama1 and pfmsp1-42 (cslam) dna vaccines in pbs or formulated with crl1005, and subsequently boosted with alvac-pf7, a canarypox virus expressing the cslam antigens. cell-mediated immune response ... | 2007 | 17925026 |
| characterization of antigen-specific immune responses induced by canarypox virus vaccines. | avipoxvirus-based vectors, such as recombinant canarypox virus alvac, are studied extensively as delivery vehicles for vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases. effective use of such vaccines is expected to benefit from proper understanding of the interaction between these viral vectors and the host immune system. we performed preclinical vaccination experiments in a murine tumor model to analyze the immunogenic properties of an alvac-based vaccine against carcinoembryonic ag (alvac-cea), ... | 2007 | 17947686 |
| humoral immunity targeting site i of antigenic domain 2 of glycoprotein b upon immunization with different cytomegalovirus candidate vaccines. | glycoprotein b (gb) is a major component in several vaccines that are under development for prevention of disease by cytomegalovirus. it contains multiple determinants that are targets for neutralizing antibodies. one of them is site i of antigenic domain 2 (ad-2). the epitope, defined by short peptides, is quite conserved between different isolates. however, it is poorly immunogenic in natural infection. in this study we investigated the extent to which different vaccines, attenuated live towne ... | 2007 | 18063447 |
| clinical phase i intratumoral administration of two recombinant alvac canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. | immunotherapy employs cytokines for modifying local inflammatory reactions. granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using gm-csf-based cancer vaccine approaches. interleukin-2 (il-2) is an important t cell stimulatory cytokine approved as exogenous antitumor agent. the alvac viral vector system uses a recombinant canarypox virus for local gene expression. we report a phase i cli ... | 2008 | 18337646 |