| the chromosomal location of rdna in selected lower primates. | hybridization in stiu was used to identify the chromosomes that carry rdna in representative lower primates, including the baboons, papio cynocephalus and papio hamadryas; the colobus monkey, colobus polykomos; the tree shrew, tupaia glis; the lemur, lemur fulvis; the saki, pithecia pithecia; the marmoset, saguinus nigricollis, and the spider monkey, ateles geoffroyi. the marker chromosome, common to the cercopithecines studied to date, carries the rdna in the baboons. another marker chromosome ... | 1977 | 414888 |
| comparative and functional myology of the prehensile tail in new world monkeys. | the caudal myology of prehensile-tailed monkeys (cebus apella, alouatta palliata, alouatta seniculus, lagothrix lagotricha, and ateles paniscus) and nonprehensile-tailed primates (eulemur fulvus, aotus trivirgatus, callithrix jacchus, pithecia pithecia, saimiri sciureus, macaca fascicularis, and cercopithecus aethiops) was examined and compared in order to identify muscular differences that correlate with osteological features diagnostic of tail prehensility. in addition, electrophysiological st ... | 1995 | 7595958 |
| evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia. | as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ... | 1994 | 7813517 |
| morphological adaptation to diet in platyrrhine primates. | morphological features of the jaws and teeth are examined in eight species of platyrrhine monkeys that coexist in the suriname rainforest. z-scores calculated from geometric predictions for several features of the feeding apparatus thought to have some functional significance (e.g., tooth dimensions, jaw robusticity, leverage of primary jaw elevators) are compared to a profile of the naturalistic dietary behavior of these species (i.e., proportions of fruit mesocarp, seeds, leaves, and fauna eat ... | 1994 | 8085615 |
| comparative rb1 gene mapping in homo sapiens, pithecia pithecia, macaca sylvana, and cercopithecus aethiops tantalus. | the chromosomal localization of the gene for retinoblastoma (rb1), which has been mapped to band 13q14 in man, was studied by in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes of selected primates, including pithecia pithecia, macaca sylvana, and cercopithecus aethiops tantalus. the results allowed us to determine the position of the bands homologous to human chromosome band 13q14 in these species. hybridization analysis corroborated the results of previous studies that defined the chromosome homol ... | 1996 | 8565644 |
| toxoplasmosis in a colony of new world monkeys. | in a colony of new world monkeys five tamarins (saguinus oedipus, saguinus labiatus and leontopithecus rosal. rosal.), three marmosets (callithrix jacchus and callithrix pygmaea) and one saki (pithecia pithecia) died suddenly. the colony comprised 16 marmosets, 10 tamarins and three sakis. the main pathological findings were necrotic lesions in the lung, the intestine, and the liver. histopathologically t. gondii parasites were observed in organs from the tamarins and the marmosets but not in th ... | 1997 | 9106950 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a white-faced saki (pithecia pithecia). | physical examination of an adult female white-faced saki (pithecia pithecia) revealed midabdominal multiple cystic structures. the animal developed a grade 3/4 reaction to old mammalian tuberculin injected into the right eyelid. significant clinicopathologic findings included marked hyperproteinemia (9.2 g/dl), hyperglobulinemia (6.1 g/dl), and hypoalbuminemia (3.1 g/dl). ultrasonography revealed multiple abdominal masses of varying echogenicity. the animal was euthanized and necropsied. signifi ... | 1997 | 9279409 |
| presumptive dirofilariasis in a pale-headed saki monkey (pithecia pithecia). | a 6-yr-old male pale-headed saki monkey (pithecia pithecia), born at the dallas zoo, reentered the collection in 1994 after it was housed for 4 yr in rhode island and 2 yr in florida. the monkey tested negative for both dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and d. immitis adult antigens (via commercially available tests) upon return. however, it tested positive for adult antigens 1 yr later, and additional testing, including ultrasonography, suggested a diagnosis of aberrant dirofilariasis. relevant ... | 1998 | 9638626 |
| monkeys of the rainforest in french guiana are natural reservoirs for p. brasilianum/p. malariae malaria. | monkey blood samples were collected from 214 monkeys relocated as part of the wildlife rescue organized in french guiana during the filling of the petit saut dam on the sinnamary river. these samples were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy of thick blood filsm and by nested pcr for small subunit rrna genes (ssurrna). parasitic blood forms similar to plasmodium brasilianum were detected in 4 monkey species: alouatta seniculus macconnelli, saguinus midas midas, pithecia pithecia and ateles ... | 2000 | 10726261 |
| health evaluation of translocated free-ranging primates in french guiana. | among over 40 mammal species threatened by the filling of a hydroelectric dam reservoir in french guiana, three species of primates have been translocated, comprising 124 red howler monkeys, six white-faced sakis, and 95 golden-handed tamarins. health status of the animals was evaluated by direct physical examination and by hematological, biochemical, virological, and parasitological surveys of collected blood. the physical condition of the howlers was slightly worse toward the end of the captur ... | 2001 | 11329164 |
| abundance, use of space, and activity patterns of white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia) in french guiana. | white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia) are among the least studied neotropical primates. the combination of shy and quiet behavior, their ability to move silently, and the extreme difficulty of capturing them may explain why very few field studies have been undertaken in undisturbed habitats. during the course of a wildlife rescue in french guiana, six individuals were captured and translocated to a safe area of primary rainforest. in this area, based on the observation of 35 groups, the average ... | 2001 | 11748693 |
| a field observation on color selection by new world sympatric primates, pithecia pithecia and alouatta seniculus. | this work characterizes differences in selection of talisia retusa fruits by two sympatric neotropical primates, pithecia pithecia (white-faced sakis) and alouatta seniculus (red howlers). color appears to be the criterion by which fruits were selected. greenish fruits were mainly eaten by pithecia, while yellowish fruits by alouatta. the characteristics of these primates in relation to seed predation and seed dispersal are discussed in the context of the talisia retusa fruit color spectrum. fur ... | 2002 | 12082298 |
| naturally occurring fatal herpes simplex virus 1 infection in a family of white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia pithecia). | a family of three white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia pithecia) died 48-96 hours after the onset of anorexia, nasal discharge, pyrexia and oral ulceration. one animal also had clonic seizures. lesions found post-mortem consisted of oral and esophageal ulcers, hepatic and intestinal necrosis, meningoencephalitis and sporadic neuronal necrosis. intranuclear inclusion bodies and syncytial cells were present in oral lesions and affected areas of liver. herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) was iden ... | 2003 | 12733597 |
| novel gamma-1 herpesviruses identified in free-ranging new world monkeys (golden-handed tamarin [saguinus midas], squirrel monkey [saimiri sciureus], and white-faced saki [pithecia pithecia]) in french guiana. | the recent finding of a novel epstein-barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus (calhv-3) in a captive colony of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in the united states modifies the view that the host range of lymphocryptovirus is restricted to humans and old world primates. we investigated the presence of epstein-barr virus-related viruses in 79 samples of new world monkeys caught in the wild, including six species of the cebidae family and one of the callitrichidae, living in the rain forest of f ... | 2003 | 12885928 |
| identification of new world monkey mhc-drb alleles using pcr, dgge and direct sequencing. | identification of new world monkey mhc-drb alleles has previously relied upon labor-intensive cloning and sequencing techniques. here we describe a rapid and unambiguous way to distinguish drb alleles in new world monkeys using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and direct sequencing. the highly variable second exon of new world monkey drb alleles was amplified using generic drb primers and alleles were separated by dgge. dna was then reamplified ... | 2004 | 14714152 |
| integrating information about location and value of resources by white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia). | most studies of spatial memory in primates focus on species that inhabit large home ranges and have dispersed, patchy resources. researchers assume that primates use memory to minimize distances traveled between resources. we investigated the use of spatial memory in a group of six white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia) on 12.8-ha round island, guri lake, venezuela during a period of fruit abundance. the sakis' movements were analyzed with logistic regressions, a predictive computer model and a c ... | 2007 | 17380354 |
| behavioral effects of introducing pied tamarin (saguinus bicolor) to black howler monkey (alouatta caraya) and white-faced saki (pithecia pithecia) in a zoological park. | mixed-species primate exhibits are becoming more common in zoological parks as a means to display a diverse array of animals both more naturalistically and with more economy of space. here, we describe behavioral changes during the introduction process of a pair of pied tamarins (saguinus bicolor) to an established group of black howler monkeys (allouatta caraya) and white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia). data were collected during six phases, representing introductions among the various ... | 2008 | 18176938 |
| a survey of amoebic infections and differentiation of an entamoeba histolytica-like variant (jsk2004) in nonhuman primates by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a pathogenic entamoeba histolytica-like variant (jsk2004 strain) with genetic variations and a novel isoenzyme pattern isolated from a de brazza's guenon in a tokyo zoo in japan has previously been documented. in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that could distinguish the jsk2004-type e. histolytica-like variant (jsk04-eh-v) from e. histolytica and entamoeba dispar using three newly designed primer sets for amplifying each specific dna fragment from their small-subun ... | 2008 | 18816999 |
| primate community of the tropical rain forests of saracá-taqüera national forest, pará, brazil. | brazil is the richest country in the world in terms of primate species and the amazonian rain forest is one of the richest biomes containing 15 (ca. 90%) of the neotropical primate genera. although considered key elements in conservation strategies, there is only anecdotal information on primates for several protected areas within the region. here we present new data on the community composition of the primates in the saracá-taqüera national forest (429,600 ha), an actively mined, bauxite rich a ... | 2009 | 19967179 |
| Within-group social bonds in white-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) display male-female pair preference. | White-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) lack most of the behavioral and physical traits typical of primate monogamy [Fuentes, 1999]. In order to determine if social bonds in this species reflect patterns displayed by pair-bonded groups or larger multimale-multifemale groups, we draw on 17 months of data collected on wild white-faced sakis at Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname. We analyzed within-group social bonds for three habituated groups (one two-adult and two multiadult groups) by measur ... | 2011 | 21695710 |
| Physical properties of fruit and seeds ingested by primate seed predators with emphasis on sakis and bearded sakis. | Several primate radiations exhibit dental adaptations that enable them to gain access to seeds embedded in well-protected fruit. To a database drawn from published sources in which hardness of fruit and seeds were tested in the field, we added an additional 100+ species of plants used as resources by pitheciin primates (specifically, South American white-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) and bearded sakis (Chiropotes spp.). This sample allowed us to compare hardness of fruit and seeds and deduce t ... | 2011 | 22042738 |
| the primate community of cachoeira (brazilian amazonia): a model to decipher ecological partitioning among extinct species. | dental microwear analysis is conducted on a community of platyrrhine primates from south america. this analysis focuses on the primate community of cachoeira porteira (para, brazil), in which seven sympatric species occur: alouatta seniculus, ateles paniscus, cebus apella, chiropotes satanas, pithecia pithecia, saguinus midas, and saimiri sciureus. shearing quotients are also calculated for each taxon of this primate community. dental microwear results indicate significant differences between ta ... | 2011 | 22076156 |
| enamel thickness and microstructure in pitheciin primates, with comments on dietary adaptations of the middle miocene hominoid kenyapithecus. | many living primates that feed on hard food have been observed to have thick-enameled molars. among platyrrhine primates, members of the tribe pitheciini (cacajao, chiropotes, and pithecia) are the most specialized seed and nut predators, and cebus apella also includes exceptionally hard foods in its diet. to examine the hypothesized relationship between thick enamel and hard-object feeding, we sectioned small samples of molars from the platyrrhine primates aotus trivergatus, ateles paniscus, ca ... | 2003 | 14624746 |
| tooth-root form and function in platyrrhine seed-eaters. | research into the functional and adaptive basis of tooth crown form has provided a useful framework for the inference of diet in extinct primates. however, our understanding of variation in tooth-root form is limited. studies within the clinical literature emphasize the influence of tooth-root surface area on stress resistance, but it is not known if root form has diversified during primate evolution in relation to dietary specialization. this hypothesis was tested by quantifying maxillary canin ... | 2003 | 14614754 |
| leaping behavior of pithecia pithecia and chiropotes satanas in eastern venezuela. | i observed leaping behavior in the white-faced saki (pithecia pithecia) and the black-bearded saki (chiropotes satanas satanas) for 15 and 10 months, respectively, as part of a larger study of positional behavior in the tribe pitheciini. i used focal animal instantaneous sampling to observe the two species on separate islands in their natural habitat at guri lake, venezuela. leaping behavior correlates with patterns of forest use and body size, and differences between the species relate more to ... | 2005 | 16104032 |
| digesta passage and fiber digestibility in captive white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia). | wild white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia) ingest primarily seeds that provide a diet that is lipid-rich and moderately high in dietary fiber. although little anatomical information is available on sakis, evidence from other vertebrate seed predators suggests that such a diet is correlated with adaptations in gut morphology or physiology. milton [1984] reported a 20 hr transit time (tt=transit time or time of first appearance in feces) of a particulate marker for a single monk saki (pithecia mon ... | 2002 | 12325116 |
| to pair or not to pair: sources of social variability with white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia) as a case study. | intraspecific variability in social systems is gaining increased recognition in primatology. many primate species display variability in pair-living social organizations through incorporating extra adults into the group. while numerous models exist to explain primate pair-living, our tools to assess how and why variation in this trait occurs are currently limited. here i outline an approach which: (i) utilizes conceptual models to identify the selective forces driving pair-living; (ii) outlines ... | 2016 | 25561183 |
| non-monogamous copulations and potential within-group mating competition in white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia). | many primates display within-species variation in social organization and mating system. individuals of these species may be confronted with both the challenges of between-group competition to exclude same-sex competitors as well as within-group competition for mating opportunities. free-ranging white-faced saki monkeys (pithecia pithecia) live in both male-female pairs and small multi-male, multi-female groups. despite commonly held views that this species is monogamous, there are currently no ... | 2013 | 23460138 |
| observations of hand preference in wild groups of white-faced sakis (pithecia pithecia) in suriname. | hand preference is well observed in humans and some primates. unlike many other primates, however, humans show a consistent hand preference across a variety of tasks, and a distinct right-handed skew at the population level. although there are a moderate number of published studies, primate hand preference literature is unbalanced by the large number of studies on only a few species. no previous studies have addressed hand preference in white-faced sakis (wfs; pithecia pithecia). we followed thr ... | 2011 | 21425315 |
| pithecia pithecia's behavioral response to decreasing fruit abundance. | in this article we describe the behavioral responses of a group of white-faced sakis' (pithecia pithecia) to fruit and water scarcity. six sakis were observed on round island in guri lake, venezuela, between march and may 1996. these months are considered the dry season and the beginning of the wet season. sakis specialize in eating seeds. during the present study only one tree species, licania discolor (chrysobalanaceae), fruited in substantial numbers. licania seeds accounted for 88% of the ti ... | 2006 | 16541444 |
| gular scent glands in adult female white-faced saki, pithecia pithecia pithecia, and field observations on scent-marking behaviour. | | 1994 | 7797168 |
| the somatic chromosome complement and the idiogram of pithecia pithecia pithecia (linnaeus, 1766). | a detailed description is given of the somatic chromosomes of two specimens of pithecia pithecia pithecia. an indiogram, constructed on the basis of metrical chromosome data, is presented and compared with those of two other members of the pitheciinae. the possible karyological relationship with the pitheciinae, and the cytotaxonomic position of this group within the platyrrhini are briefly discussed. | 1975 | 806509 |
| nonhuman primate welfare: can there be a relationship between personality, lateralization and physiological indicators? | measuring personality is being used to improved nonhuman primate welfare. to expand its use, it is important to identify traits that are shared between species and that measures are reliable, easy to use and less time consuming. combining personality and other indicators strong validation of the results can be obtained. in the present study, we sought to determine if there is a link between physiological stress response (fecal cortisol metabolites), personality (ratings made by animal keepers an ... | 2019 | 31271769 |
| locomotor behavior and skeletal morphology of two sympatric pitheciine monkeys, pithecia pithecia and chiropotes satanas. | field observations of two sympatric pitheciine species reveal that the positional repertoire of the white-faced saki, pithecia pithecia, is dominated by leaping behaviors, whereas the bearded saki, chiropotes satanas, is predominantly quadrupedal. examination and comparison of the postcranial skeletal morphologies and limb proportions of these species display numerous features associated with their respective locomotor behaviors. these observations accord with associations found in other primate ... | 1988 | 31968859 |
| music for monkeys: building methods to design with white-faced sakis for animal-driven audio enrichment devices. | computer systems for primates to listen to audio have been researched for a long time. however, there is a lack of investigations into what kind of sounds primates would prefer to listen to, how to quantify their preference, and how audio systems and methods can be designed in an animal-focused manner. one pressing question is, if given the choice to control an audio system, would or could primates use such a system. in this study, we design an audio enrichment prototype and method for white-fac ... | 2020 | 33007808 |
| characterization of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter upsaliensis, and a novel campylobacter sp. in a captive non-human primate zoological collection. | the aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization of campylobacter spp. from non-human primates primate (nhp) with a history of endemic diarrhea housed at como park zoo. | 2019 | 30536921 |
| management of ocular human herpesvirus 1 infection in a white-faced saki monkey (pithecia pithecia). | a 20-y-old male intact white-faced saki monkey (pithecia pithecia) presented with an acute ocular disease of the right eye. clinical signs included periocular swelling, conjunctivitis, and anisocoria with a miotic right pupil. conjunctival swabs were positive for human herpesvirus 1 (hhv1) according to pcr amplification with sequencing. initial clinical signs resolved with supportive treatment, and the animal was managed chronically by using acyclovir (5 mg/kg po twice daily) during flare-ups. a ... | 2018 | 29907165 |
| monitoring female reproductive function by measurement of fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the white-faced saki (pithecia pithecia). | a simple method for extracting and measuring ovarian steroids in feces is applied to the ovarian cycle, pregnancy, parturition, and period of lactational amenorrhea in pithecia pithecia. small amounts of wet, unmixed feces were combined with a modified phosphate buffer, shaken, centrifuged, and decanted, and the supernatant was directly measured for estrogen and progesterone metabolites by enzyme immunoassays. urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolite measurements were compared to paired feca ... | 1994 | 31936912 |
| notes on the ecology of buffy saki monkeys (pithecia albicans, gray 1860): a canopy seed-predator. | data on the ecology and diet of buffy sakis (pithecia albicans) were obtained during a 20-month study in an entirely undisturbed terra firme forest in the upper urucu river, amazonas, brazil. groups of 3-7 sakis found in a 900-ha study plot used large home ranges (147-204 ha), which overlapped extensively with those of neighboring groups. similar to other pitheciines, buffy sakis were primarily seed predators, relying heavily on young seeds of certain key plant families, such as the sapotaceae a ... | 1993 | 31937005 |
| the taxonomy of south american sakis, genus pithecia (cebidae, platyrrhini): a preliminary report and critical review with the description of a new species and a new subspecies. | the report begins with a key based on external characters and a tabulation of diagnostic cranial characters for separating pithecia from chiropotes and cacajao of the subfamily pitheciinae. the description of pithecia is based on external, cranial, dental, and certain postcranial characters with particular attention to limb proportions and the femoral third trochanter. the species of pithecia are arranged in the pithecia pithecia group with p. p. pithecia and p. p. chrysocephala, and the pitheci ... | 1987 | 31973491 |