| serological relationships among genotypic variants of betanodavirus. | betanodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, are divided into 4 genotypes based on the coat protein gene (rna2). in the present study, serological relationships among betanodavirus genotypic variants were examined by virus neutralization tests using rabbit antisera raised against purified virions of strains representative of each genotype. all 20 isolates examined shared epitopes for neutralizing, but they fell into 3 major serotypes (a ... | 2003 | 14735917 |
| comparisons among the complete genomes of four betanodavirus genotypes. | betanodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish, have bipartite positive-sense rna genomes and have been classified (based on analysis of rna2 sequences) into 4 genotypes: tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (tpnnv), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (bfnnv), striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), and redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv). full-length genomes of tpnnv and bfnnv were sequenced for the first time in this study. their sequence d ... | 2008 | 18717064 |
| molecular basis for antigenic diversity of genus betanodavirus. | betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (vnn), a devastating disease for the mediterranean mariculture. four different betanodavirus species are recognized, striped jack-, redspotted grouper-, tiger puffer-, and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv, rgnnv, tpnnv and bfnnv), but there is little knowledge on their antigenic properties. in order to describe the serological relationships among different betanodavirus genotypes, serum neutralization assays were per ... | 2016 | 27438093 |
| understanding the interaction between betanodavirus and its host for the development of prophylactic measures for viral encephalopathy and retinopathy. | over the last three decades, the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) disease has become a serious problem of marine finfish aquaculture, and more recently the disease has also been associated with farmed freshwater fish. the virus has been classified as a betanodavirus within the family nodaviridae, and the fact that betanodaviruses are known to affect more than 120 different farmed and wild fish and invertebrate species, highlights the risk that betanodaviruses pose to ... | 2016 | 26997200 |
| betanodavirus of marine and freshwater fish: distribution, genomic organization, diagnosis and control measures. | the family nodaviridae include the genera alphanodavirus and the betanodavirus which are non-enveloped, single stranded rna viruses. alphanodavirus include the insect viruses while betanodavirus include species that are responsible for causing disease outbreaks in hatchery-reared larvae and juveniles of a wide variety of marine and freshwater fish throughout the world and has impacted fish culture over the last decade. according to international committee on taxonomy of viruses, the genus betano ... | 2012 | 23997435 |
| comparative pathogenicity study of ten different betanodavirus strains in experimentally infected european sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.). | viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), otherwise known as viral nervous necrosis (vnn), is a severe pathological condition caused by rna viruses belonging to the nodaviridae family, genus betanodavirus. the disease, described in more than 50 fish species worldwide, is considered as the most serious viral threat affecting marine farmed species in the mediterranean region, thus representing one of the bottlenecks for further development of the aquaculture industry. to date, four different gen ... | 2014 | 23662921 |
| identification of rna regions that determine temperature sensitivities in betanodaviruses. | betanodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish, have bipartite positive-sense rna genomes. the larger genomic segment, rna1 (~3.1 kb), encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (protein a), and the smaller genomic segment rna2 (~1.4 kb) codes for the coat protein. these viruses can be classified into four genotypes, designated striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (tpnnv), ... | 2010 | 20582605 |
| amino acidic substitutions in the polymerase n-terminal region of a reassortant betanodavirus strain causing poor adaptation to temperature increase. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv), genus betanodavirus, is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), a neuropathological disease that causes fish mortalities worldwide. the nnv genome is composed of two single-stranded rna molecules, rna1 and rna2, encoding the rna polymerase and the coat protein, respectively. betanodaviruses are classified into four genotypes: red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv), striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), barfin flounder ne ... | 2019 | 31227007 |
| protein a from orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus triggers type i interferon production in fish cell. | family nodaviridae consists of two genera: alphanodavirus and betanodavirus, and the latter is classified into four genotypes, including red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus, striped jack nervous necrosis virus, and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus. type i interferons (ifns) play a central role in the innate immune system and antiviral responses, and the interactions between ifn and nnv have been investigated in this study. we have found that the ... | 2018 | 29733958 |