| raillietiella trachea n. sp., a pentastomid from the trachea of an oriental white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis taken in pakistan, with speculation about its life-cycle. | a cephalobaenid pentastomid, raillietiella trachea n. sp., from the trachea of a fledgling oriental white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis taken in punjab province, pakistan, is described. this is the first record of a pentastomid from a fully terrestrial bird. overall, gross morphology was typical of raillietiella sambon, 1910 in most respects. however, the hooks of r. trachea were of equal size, whereas in other members of the genus anterior hooks are smaller than the posterior hooks. the diagn ... | 2003 | 14574093 |
| diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in pakistan. | the oriental white-backed vulture (owbv; gyps bengalensis) was once one of the most common raptors in the indian subcontinent. a population decline of >95%, starting in the 1990s, was first noted at keoladeo national park, india. since then, catastrophic declines, also involving gyps indicus and gyps tenuirostris, have continued to be reported across the subcontinent. consequently these vultures are now listed as critically endangered by birdlife international. in 2000, the peregrine fund initia ... | 2004 | 14745453 |
| identification of a novel mycoplasma species from an oriental white-backed vulture (gyps bengalensis). | an intracellular organism was isolated from the tissues of an oriental white-backed vulture (gyps bengalensis) in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. biochemical and physical properties, ultrastructural features, and 16s ribosomal dna sequencing classified this organism as a new taxon of mycoplasma, for which the name "mycoplasma vulturii" is proposed. | 2004 | 15583338 |
| diclofenac poisoning is widespread in declining vulture populations across the indian subcontinent. | recent declines in the populations of three species of vultures in the indian subcontinent are among the most rapid ever recorded in any bird species. evidence from a previous study of one of these species, gyps bengalensis, in the punjab province of pakistan, strongly implicates mortality caused by ingestion of residues of the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac as the major cause of the decline. we show that a high proportion of gyps bengalensis and g. indicus found dead ... | 2004 | 15801603 |
| removing the threat of diclofenac to critically endangered asian vultures. | veterinary use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (nsaid) drug diclofenac in south asia has resulted in the collapse of populations of three vulture species of the genus gyps to the most severe category of global extinction risk. vultures are exposed to diclofenac when scavenging on livestock treated with the drug shortly before death. diclofenac causes kidney damage, increased serum uric acid concentrations, visceral gout, and death. concern about this issue led the indian government to anno ... | 2006 | 16435886 |
| high-throughput gender identification of accipitridae eagles with real-time pcr using taqman probes. | the objective was to develop high-throughput gender identification of eagles. based on blast and alignment analyses, the chd-z and chd-w sequences of nine species of eagles were highly homologous with spilornis cheela hoya (s. c. hoya); therefore, taqman probes were designed to target their chd-zw-common and chd-w-specific regions. in s. c. hoya, genders were identified using taqman-based, real-time pcr (amplified by p2/p8 primers); this method was validated with anatomically confirmed controls ... | 2008 | 18440628 |
| persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in tissues and eggs of white-backed vulture, gyps bengalensis from different locations in india. | organochlorine pesticide residues were determined in tissues of five indian white-backed vultures and two of their eggs collected from different locations in india. all the samples had varying levels of residues. p,p'-dde ranged between 0.002 microg/g in muscle of vulture from mudumali and 7.30 microg/g in liver of vulture from delhi. relatively higher levels of p,p'-ddt and its metabolites were documented in the bird from delhi than other places. dieldrin was 0.003 and 0.015 microg/g while p,p' ... | 2008 | 18806909 |
| diclofenac residues in blood plasma and tissues of vultures collected from ahmedabad, india. | the study reports residues of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug, in tissues of 11 white-backed vulture, gyps bengalensis collected between 2005 and 2007 and blood plasma of 12 white-backed vulture, four egyptian vulture, neophron percnopterus and two griffon vulture, gyps fulvus collected during 2005. samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatograhy (hplc) equipped with uv detector. one of the white-backed vultures collected during 2005 had substantial urate dep ... | 2010 | 20865242 |
| toxicity of diclofenac to gyps vultures. | three endemic vulture species gyps bengalensis, gyps indicus and gyps tenuirostris are critically endangered following dramatic declines in south asia resulting from exposure to diclofenac, a veterinary drug present in the livestock carcasses that they scavenge. diclofenac is widely used globally and could present a risk to gyps species from other regions. in this study, we test the toxicity of diclofenac to a eurasian (gyps fulvus) and an african (gyps africanus) species, neither of which is th ... | 0 | 17148382 |
| molecular sexing of threatened gyps vultures: an important strategy for conservation breeding and ecological studies. | during the last two decades populations of three resident species of gyps vulture have declined dramatically and are now threatened with extinction in south asia. sex identification of vultures is of key importance for the purpose of conservation breeding as it is desirable to have an equal sex ratio in these monogamous species which are housed together in large colony aviaries. because vultures are monomorphic, with no differences in external morphology or plumage colour between the sexes, othe ... | 2012 | 23316450 |
| toxicity assessment on the levels of select metals in the critically endangered indian white-backed vulture, gyps bengalensis, in india. | to assess the potential contribution of metals to the catastrophic population decline of the white-backed vulture, gyps bengalensis, their concentrations in various organs was quantified. liver, kidney, pectoral muscle, gut contents and femur bone were collected from dead birds between 1999 and 2008. these samples were analysed for lead, cadmium, copper and zinc, which were detected in all organs with no significant variation among tissues or between sexes. moreover, high lead levels in liver (8 ... | 2015 | 25904090 |
| levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in various tissues of white-backed vulture in india. | this study provides information on the current status of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in the tissues of endangered white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis in india. chemical analyses revealed detectable amounts of pahs, pcbs, and ocps. concentration ranges of ∑ pahs, ∑ pcbs, and ∑ ocps in tissues were 60-2037 ng/g, 30-5790 ng/g, and 3.2-5836 ng/g wet weight, respectively. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlo ... | 2013 | 24288666 |
| the population decline of gyps vultures in india and nepal has slowed since veterinary use of diclofenac was banned. | populations of oriental white-backed vulture (gyps bengalensis), long-billed vulture (gyps indicus) and slender-billed vulture (gyps tenuirostris) crashed during the mid-1990s throughout the indian subcontinent. surveys in india, initially conducted in 1991-1993 and repeated in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2007, revealed that the population of gyps bengalensis had fallen by 2007 to 0.1% of its numbers in the early 1990s, with the population of gyps indicus and g. tenuirostris combined having fallen to 3 ... | 2012 | 23145090 |
| effectiveness of action in india to reduce exposure of gyps vultures to the toxic veterinary drug diclofenac. | contamination of their carrion food supply with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac has caused rapid population declines across the indian subcontinent of three species of gyps vultures endemic to south asia. the governments of india, pakistan and nepal took action in 2006 to prevent the veterinary use of diclofenac on domesticated livestock, the route by which contamination occurs. we analyse data from three surveys of the prevalence and concentration of diclofenac residues in c ... | 2011 | 21589920 |
| distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from india. | the presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in blood plasma of white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis, egyptian vulture neophron percnopterus, and griffon vulture gyps fulvus collected from ahmedabad, india. all the samples had varying levels of organochlorine pesticides and pcbs. statistically significant (p<0.05) differences among species were detected for beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-hch), ∑hch, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlo ... | 2011 | 20221793 |
| pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (gyps bengalensis). | oriental white-backed vultures (gyps bengalensis; owbvs) died of renal failure when they ingested diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid), in tissues of domestic livestock. acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules in these vultures was severe. glomeruli, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules were relatively spared in the vultures that had early lesions. in most vultures, however, lesions became extensive with large urate aggregates obscuring renal architecture. ... | 2005 | 16456159 |
| semen characteristics of the captive indian white-backed vulture (gyps bengalensis). | the present paper describes, to our knowledge for the first time, the successful collection and evaluation of semen from the indian white-backed vulture (gyps bengalensis), a critically endangered bird. over a period of 2 yr, semen was collected using the manual massage method and evaluated for semen volume, semen ph, sperm concentration, percentage normal/abnormal spermatozoa, and percentage motile spermatozoa. it appears that the concentration of spermatozoa and percentage motile spermatozoa i ... | 2005 | 16033999 |
| residues of diclofenac in tissues of vultures in india: a post-ban scenario. | populations of three resident gyps species (indian white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis, indian vulture gyps indicus, and slender-billed vulture gyps tenuirostris) in india have decreased by more than 90% since mid 1990s, and they continue to decline. experimental studies showed the mortality of vultures to be due to renal failure caused by diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. india, pakistan, and nepal banned the veterinary usage of diclofenac in 2006 to prevent further decline i ... | 2018 | 29159701 |
| chewing lice from the white-rumped vulture in nepal, with description of a new species of aegypoecus. | the purpose of this study was to record the species of chewing lice parasitising gyps bengalensis (gmelin, 1788), the white-rumped vulture, in pithauli, nawalparasi district, nepal, from february to june 2017. three louse species were identified: cuculiphilus (aegypiphilus) gypsis (eichler, 1944), colpocephalum sp., and the new species aegypoecus bengalensis, described herein. | 2019 | 31719378 |