| radioimmunoassay of aescine, a mixture of triterpene glycosides. | a radioimmunoassay (ria) has been developed for the determination of picogram amounts of aescine, an anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous glycoside mixture from unpurified extracts of aesculus hippocastanum. practically no interference is observed for various potentially crossreacting compounds. this ria covers the range 100 pg-50 ng, within which acceptable accuracy and precision are obtained. | 1990 | 2332511 |
| [isolation of lectin from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) seeds and study of its interaction with carbohydrates and glycoproteins]. | the lectin from horse chestnut seeds was obtained by affinity chromatography on a sorbent prepared from the egg white, 95 mg of lectin per 1 kg of fresh seeds being obtained. molecular weight was determined by gel-filtration on tojopearl hw-55 and it composed 132 kda. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of one component with molecular weight of 33 kda. one band has been revealed by means of disc-electrophoresis in acidic (ph 4.5) and alkaline system (ph 8.9). sugar was n ... | 1992 | 1462370 |
| horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) pollen: a frequent cause of allergic sensitization in urban children. | we investigated the incidence of allergic sensitization and the risk factors underlying sensitization in 214 urban children exposed to horse chestnut pollen. by means of the phadezym rast, we found ige specific to horse chestnut pollen in 12.6% of the urban children, whereas it occurred in only 1.9% of control subjects recruited from a rural area. reports of allergic symptoms in spring during the horse chestnut pollen load coincided with the presence of specific ige in 5.1% of the urban group as ... | 1992 | 1456408 |
| structure-related enhancing activity of escins ia, ib, iia and iib on magnesium absorption in mice. | we examined the effects of the saponin fraction and its principal saponins, escins ia (1), ib (2), iia (3) and iib (4), obtained from european horse chestnut, and their hydrolyzed products, desacylescins i (5) and ii (6) on magnesium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in mice. test samples were given orally to fasted mice before loading of 0.5 or 1.67 m mgso4 (10 ml/kg, p.o.). the saponin fraction (12.5-100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the mg2+ absorption 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after a ... | 1999 | 10498191 |
| structural analysis of n-glycans from allergenic grass, ragweed and tree pollens: core alpha1,3-linked fucose and xylose present in all pollens examined. | the n-glycans from soluble extracts of ten pollens were examined. the pyridylaminated oligosaccharides derived from these sources were subject to gel filtration and reverse-phase hplc, in conjunction with exoglycosidase digests, and in some cases matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation mass spectrometry. in comparison to known structures, it was possible to determine the major structures of the n-glycans derived from kentucky blue grass (poa pratensis), rye (secale cerale), ryegrass (lolium ... | 1998 | 10386890 |
| [bioactive saponins and glycosides. xiii. horse chestnut. (3): quantitative analysis of escins ia, ib, iia, and iib by means of high performance liquid chromatography]. | as a part of our studies on the characterization of bioactive saponin constituents of horse chestnut trees, a quantitative method using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) has been developed for four principle saponin constituents, such as escins ia, ib, iia, and iib, isolated from the seeds of european horse chestnut trees (aesculus hippocastanum l., hippocastanaceae). as an application of this hplc method, we examined the contents and compositions of these escins in the seeds of japa ... | 1999 | 9922711 |
| bioactive saponins and glycosides. xii. horse chestnut. (2): structures of escins iiib, iv, v, and vi and isoescins ia, ib, and v, acylated polyhydroxyoleanene triterpene oligoglycosides, from the seeds of horse chestnut tree (aesculus hippocastanum l., hippocastanaceae). | new acylated polyhydroxyoleanene triterpene oligoglycosides, escins iiib, iv, v, and vi and isoescins ia, ib, and v, were isolated from the seeds of horse chestnut tree (aesculus hippocastanum l.). their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. | 1998 | 9845957 |
| horse-chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. a criteria-based systematic review. | to assess the evidence for or against horse-chestnut seed extract (hcse) as a symptomatic treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). | 1998 | 9828868 |
| effects of escins ia, ib, iia, and iib from horse chestnut, the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l., on acute inflammation in animals. | we investigated the effects of escins ia, ib, and iib isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l., and desacylescins i and ii obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of escins on acute inflammation in animals (p.o.). escins ia, ib, iia, and iib (50-200 mg/kg) inhibited the increase of vascular permeability induced by both acetic acid in mice and histamine in rats. escins ib, iia, and iib (50-200 mg/kg) also inhibited that induced by serotonin in rats, but escin ia didn't. escins ... | 1997 | 9353571 |
| visualization of the cytoskeleton within the secondary vascular system of hardwood species. | a single fixation technique has been devised to demonstrate localization of alpha-tubulin (for microtubules) and f-actin (for microfilaments) within the secondary vascular system of hardwood trees by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using butyl-methylmethacrylate-embedded material. application of this technique to problems of cytomorphogenesis during secondary growth and its versatility are demonstrated with the hardwood species aesculus hippocastanum l., salix viminalis l., s. burjatica n ... | 1997 | 9316269 |
| automated multiple development thin layer chromatography of some plant extracts. | the separation of ten plant extracts using automated multiple development thin-layer chromatography (amd -tlc) is described. alcoholic extracts were obtained from cinchona succirubra, aesculus hippocastanum, berberis vulgaris. artemisia abrotanum, carduus marianus, thuja occidentalis, baptisia tinctoria, paulinia cupana, lycopus europaeus and echinacea angustifolia. the separation was performed on silica plates (sil g-50 uv 254 (macherey-nagel), 10 x 20 cm). amd was achieved in 25 steps using me ... | 1996 | 8818037 |
| [medical use of horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum]. | | 1954 | 13145311 |
| bioactive saponins and glycosides. iii. horse chestnut. (1): the structures, inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption, and hypoglycemic activity of escins ia, ib, iia, iib, and iiia from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l. | five bioactive triterpene oligoglycosides named escins, ia, ib, iia, iib, and iiia were isolated from the seeds of horse chestnut tree, aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae). the chemical structures of escins ia, ib, iia, iib, and iiia were determine on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included selective cleavage of the glucuronide linkage using photochemical reaction and lead tetraacetate decarboxylation reaction. escins ia, ib, iia, and iib were found to exhibit ... | 1996 | 8795266 |
| [serious plant poisonings in switzerland 1966-1994. case analysis from the swiss toxicology information center]. | to analyze the types, frequency and severity of plant poisonings in switzerland over 29 years. | 1996 | 8711457 |
| effects of proanthocyanidin on normal and reinnervated rat muscle. | proanthocyanidin-a2, a catechic dimer extracted from the bark of aesculus hippocastanum l., was tested on peripheral nerve regeneration. reinnervation of edl and soleus muscles following traumatic nerve damage was investigated in rats by using "in vivo" tension recording technique. muscle contraction force (twitch and tetanus), the number of motor units and the time course of twitch (time to peak and half relaxation time), were observed. the results obtained do not show that the time course of e ... | 1995 | 8519500 |
| aescin formation in calli and embryoids from cotyledon and stem explants of aesculus hippocastanum l. | aescin in calli and embryoids obtained from both cotyledon and stem explants of aesculus hippocastanum were investigated by hplc. determinations were carried out on tissues cultured in agarized medium supplemented with growth substances (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; kinetin; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid). the results indicate that aescin was produced in all the analysed samples. the amount of active principle present in some samples was higher than that found in horse-chestnut seeds. | 1994 | 7897601 |
| toxicity of seeds of three aesculus spp to chicks and hamsters. | seeds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), ohio buckeye (a glabra), and yellow buckeye (a octandra) were tested for toxicity to 2-week-old leghorn chicks and adult female syrian hamsters. the ld50 of the water soluble portion of alcoholic extracts of horse-chestnut seeds (for hamsters and chicks) and of dried, powdered seeds (chicks only) was determined. the ld50 for a single dose of extract from horse-chestnut seeds was 10.6 mg/g of body weight for chicks and 10.7 mg/g of body weight for ... | 1984 | 6538769 |
| characterization of trace metal particles deposited on some deciduous tree leaves in an urban area. | in 1996 and 1997 horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) and turkish hazel (corulys colurna l.) leaves were sampled at 2 m height in the belgrade botanic garden, located in an urban area with heavy traffic. using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (sem-edax), the size, size distribution, morphology and chemical composition of individual particles were examined on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf discs of both species. the majority of particles ... | 2005 | 15893796 |
| the subcellular distribution and biosynthesis of castaprenols and plastoquinone in the leaves of aesculus hippocastanum. | intact chloroplasts and cell walls were prepared from horse-chestnut leaves that had previously metabolized [2-(14)c]mevalonate. the bulk of the castaprenols and plastoquinone-9 was found within the chloroplasts. the remaining portion of the castaprenols was associated with the cell-wall preparation whereas that of the plastoquinone-9 was probably localized in the soluble fraction of the plant cell. the (14)c content of these compounds of different cell fractions indicated the presence of polyis ... | 1967 | 6068175 |
| escins-ia, ib, iia, iib, and iiia, bioactive triterpene oligoglycosides from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l.: their inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption and hypoglycemic activity on glucose tolerance test. | five triterpene oligoglycosides named escins-ia, ib, iia, iib, and iiia were isolated from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l. and their chemical structures were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. escins-ia, ib, iia, and iib were found to exhibit inhibitory effect on ethanol absorption and hypoglycemic activity on oral glucose tolerance test in rats. among them, escins-iia and iib showed the higher activities for both bioassays, while desacylescins-i and ii had ... | 1994 | 8069982 |
| isolation and characterisation of plant defensins from seeds of asteraceae, fabaceae, hippocastanaceae and saxifragaceae. | from seeds of aesculus hippocastanum, clitoria ternatea, dahlia merckii and heuchera sanguinea five antifungal proteins were isolated and shown to be homologous to plant defensins previously characterised from radish seeds and gamma-thionins from poaceae seeds. based on the spectrum of their antimicrobial activity and the morphological distortions they induce on fungi the peptides can be divided into two classes. the peptides did not inhibit any of three different alpha-amylases. | 1995 | 7628617 |
| anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase activities of saponins and sapogenins from hedera helix, aesculus hippocastanum, and ruscus aculeatus: factors contributing to their efficacy in the treatment of venous insufficiency. | triterpene and steroid saponins and sapogenins of medicinal plants (aesculus hippocastanum l., hedera helix l., ruscus aculeatus l.) are claimed to be effective for the treatment/prevention of venous insufficiency. in this work we evaluated the inhibitory effects of these plant constituents on the activity of elastase and hyaluronidase, the enzyme systems involved in the turnover of the main components of the perivascular amorphous substance. the results evidence that for hedera helix l., the sa ... | 1995 | 8554461 |
| cavitation fatigue. embolism and refilling cycles can weaken the cavitation resistance of xylem. | although cavitation and refilling cycles could be common in plants, it is unknown whether these cycles weaken the cavitation resistance of xylem. stem or petiole segments were tested for cavitation resistance before and after a controlled cavitation-refilling cycle. cavitation was induced by centrifugation, air drying of shoots, or soil drought. except for droughted plants, material was not significantly water stressed prior to collection. cavitation resistance was determined from "vulnerability ... | 2001 | 11161035 |
| [anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse chesnut) seed]. | | 1967 | 5241694 |
| the three-dimensional solution structure of aesculus hippocastanum antimicrobial protein 1 determined by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. | aesculus hippocastanum antimicrobial protein 1 (ah-amp1) is a plant defensin isolated from horse chestnuts. the plant defensins have been divided in several subfamilies according to their amino acid sequence homology. ah-amp1, belonging to subfamily a2, inhibits growth of a broad range of fungi. so far, a three-dimensional structure has been determined only for members of subfamilies a3 and b2. in order to understand activity and specificity of these plant defensins, the structure of a protein b ... | 1999 | 10591099 |
| differences in salt sensitivity of four deciduous tree species to soil or airborne salt. | seedlings of four deciduous tree species maple (acer pseudoplatanus), beech (fagus sylvatica), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) and lime (tilia cordata) were exposed to de-icing salt (nacl) either through the soil or applied to the above ground plant parts. a soil solution of 1.65 g l-1 nacl was maintained from the start of the experiment in january 1999 until termination in june 1999. the main effects caused by salt treatment through the soil were a reduction in photosynthesis of up to 5 ... | 2002 | 11903969 |
| a case of venoplant-induced hepatic injury. | the first case of hepatic injury induced by venoplant, extracts of aesculus hippocastanum, having antiinflammatory activities, was described. a 37 yr-old man was admitted for treatment of pathological fracture of the left brachial bone. he had been received 65 mg venoplant at another hospital several hours before admission. 17 days later, a liver function test showed mild abnormality and 60 days after injection, he complained of pruritus and jaundice. laboratory studies revealed moderate elevati ... | 1986 | 3699401 |
| water and oxygen permeance of phellems isolated from trees: the role of waxes and lenticels. | the outermost phellems of abies alba mill., acer pseudoplatanus l., aesculus hippocastanum l., betula potaninii l.c. hue and sambucus nigra l. have been isolated enzymatically, resulting in membranes with five to seven heavily suberized cork cell layers. water and oxygen permeances were determined for the phellem areas without lenticels. a special diaphragm made it possible to quantify permeances of single lenticels for the first time. the water permeance of phellems was in the range of 3x10(-5) ... | 2002 | 12244445 |
| structure-function relationships during secondary phloem development in an angiosperm tree, aesculus hippocastanum: microtubules and cell walls. | we studied the dynamics of the cortical microtubule (cmt) cytoskeleton during differentiation of axial secondary phloem elements in taproots and epicotyls of aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse-chestnut) saplings. indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of alpha-tubulin and transmission electron microscopy revealed that fusiform cambial cells possessed a reticulum of cmts in which individual microtubules were randomly arranged. during differentiation of these cambial cell derivatives into secondary ... | 2000 | 12651498 |
| aescin: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic profile. | aescin, the major active principle from aesculus hippocastanum (hippocastanaceae) the horse chestnut tree, has shown satisfactory evidence for a clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (cvi), haemorrhoids and post-operative oedema. in one controlled trial aescin was shown to be as effective as compression therapy as an alternative to medical treatment for cvi. the therapeutic benefit is well supported by a number of experimental investigations in different animal models, ... | 2001 | 11529685 |
| [a contribution to the paper chromatography of the ingredients of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.)]. | | 1959 | 13828026 |
| the cytoskeleton facilitates a three-dimensional symplasmic continuum in the long-lived ray and axial parenchyma cells of angiosperm trees. | the microtubule (mt), microfilament (mf) and myosin components of the cytoskeleton were studied in the long-lived ray and axial parenchyma cells of the secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem of two angiosperm trees, aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse-chestnut) and populus tremula l. x p. tremuloides michx. (hybrid aspen), using indirect immunofluorescence localisation and transmission electron microscopy. mts and mfs were bundled and oriented axially (parallel to the cell's long axis) within ... | 2001 | 11678287 |
| myosin, microtubules, and microfilaments: co-operation between cytoskeletal components during cambial cell division and secondary vascular differentiation in trees. | the immunolocalisation of unconventional myosin viii ('myosin') in the cells of the secondary vascular tissues of angiosperm (populus tremula l. x p. tremuloides michx. and aesculus hippocastanum l.) and gymnosperm (pinus pinea l.) trees is described for the first time and related to other cytoskeletal elements, as well as to callose. both myosin and callose are located at the cell plate in dividing cambial cells, whereas actin microfilaments are found alongside the cell plate; actin and tubulin ... | 2002 | 11925036 |
| [the active therapeutic principle of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum). part 2. on the chemistry of the active substance]. | | 1960 | 14430906 |
| agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated dna transfer to aesculus hippocastanum l. and the regeneration of transformed plants. | hairy roots were induced from androgenic embryos of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) by infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4gus. single roots were selected according to their morphology in the absence of antibiotic or herbicide resistance markers. seventy-one putative transformed hairy root lines from independent transformation events were established. regeneration was induced in ms liquid medium supplemented with 30 microm 6-benzylaminopurine (ba), and the regenerants wer ... | 2004 | 14745503 |
| [chemical composition of seminal tegument and pericarp of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.)]. | | 1951 | 14838430 |
| cadmium, mercury and lead in medicinal herbs in brazil. | samples of herbal medicine used in brazil were analyzed, after nitric digestion, for the content of cadmium, mercury and lead, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. fifteen samples of ginkgo biloba (ginkgo biloba), 13 of celastraceae (maytenus ilicifolia), 14 of cascara buckthorn (rhamnus purshiana), 13 of eggplant (solanum melongena), 15 of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), 13 of brazilian ginseng (pffafia glomerata), 17 of centella asiatic (hydrocotyle asiatica), 13 of guarana (paulli ... | 2004 | 15019183 |
| seasonal variations in the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in leaves of the horse chesnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.). | the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been measured in the leaves of a deciduous tree the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) over the period of their lifetime (7 months). the average concentrations for the total sample based on ash weight are: (microg g(-1)) cadmium, 0.197; copper, 129; lead, 294; and zinc, 299. the temporal trends in the concentrations of the metals can be related to their dominant source. copper and zinc concentrations are highest in the new leaves ... | 1994 | 15091650 |
| cryopreservation of embryogenic callus of aesculus hippocastanum l. by vitrification or one-step freezing. | an effective procedure for the cryopreservation of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) embryogenic callus by vitrification/one-step freezing is described here. in particular, the study focused on the possibility of recovering the full proliferation potential of the embryogenic lines after storage in liquid nitrogen. the developmental stage of the embryogenic lines was shown to play an important role. ninety-min incubation in pvs2 and preservation at -196 degrees c of callus samples, conta ... | 2005 | 16082444 |
| [the active therapeutic principle of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum). part 4. on the toxicology of the active principle]. | | 1960 | 13840162 |
| [experimental studies on the action of total extracts of aesculus hippocastanum l.(horse chestnut) on cellular respiration]. | | 1973 | 4797839 |
| residues of diflubenzuron on horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and their efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, cameraria ohridella. | residues of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron were quantified on horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) leaves treated with a diflubenzuron 480 g litre(-1) sc, dimilin. to analyse the samples, an analytical procedure was developed involving a simple extraction step followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on an octadecyl-modified silica column with methanol + 0.01 m ammonium acetate mobile phase. the results showed diflubenzuron to be highly stable on horse chestnut leaves; ... | 2006 | 16475222 |
| treatment of patients with venous insufficiency with fresh plant horse chestnut seed extract: a review of 5 clinical studies. | extracts from the seed of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) have traditionally been used to treat patients with chronic venous insufficiency and to alleviate its associated symptoms, including lower leg swelling. the efficacy of preparations that contain horse chestnut seed extract (hcse) is believed to be due largely to an inhibitory effect on the catalytic breakdown of capillary wall proteoglycans. aesculaforce is a fresh plant hcse that is available as an oral tincture, as tablet ... | 2006 | 16644618 |
| physiology-based phenology models for forest tree species in germany. | models of phenology are needed for the projection of effects of a changing climate on, for example, forest production, species competition, vegetation-atmosphere feedback and public health. a new phenology model for deciduous tree bud burst is developed and parameters are determined for a wide geographical range (germany) and several forest tree species. the new model is based on considerations of simple interactions between inhibitory and promotory agents that are assumed to control the develop ... | 2003 | 12698325 |
| plant development scores from fixed-date photographs: the influence of weather variables and recorder experience. | in 1944, john willis produced a summary of his meticulous record keeping of weather and plants over the 30 years 1913-1942. this publication contains fixed-date, fixed-subject photography taken on the 1st of each month from january to may, using as subjects snowdrop galanthus nivalis, daffodil narcissus pseudo-narcissus, horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum and beech fagus sylvatica. we asked 38 colleagues to assess rapidly the plant development in each of these photographs according to a suppl ... | 2006 | 16402207 |
| horse chestnut extract induces contraction force generation in fibroblasts through activation of rho/rho kinase. | contraction forces generated by non-muscle cells such as fibroblasts play important roles in determining cell morphology, vasoconstriction, and/or wound healing. however, few factors that induce cell contraction forces are known, such as lysophosphatidic acid and thrombin. our study analyzed various plant extracts for ingredients that induce generation of cell contraction forces in fibroblasts populating collagen gels. we found that an extract of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) is able t ... | 2006 | 16754996 |
| densitometric thin-layer chromatographic determination of aescin in a herbal medicinal product containing aesculus and vitis dry extracts. | a thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) method is developed to analyze the total saponin content, also referred to as the aescin content, in a herbal medicinal product (hmp) containing two dry extracts in capsules. the capsules contain 250 mg of aesculus hippocastanum dry extract, 120 mg of vitis vinifera dry extract and 50mg of excipients. after a purification step using c(18) solid phase extraction (spe) cartridges, the samples are analyzed on a silica-gel hptlc plate with the upper layer of a mixt ... | 2006 | 16364347 |
| volatile emissions from aesculus hippocastanum induced by mining of larval stages of cameraria ohridella influence oviposition by conspecific females. | larval stages of the horse chestnut leafminer cameraria ohridella can completely destroy the surface of horse chestnut leaves, aesculus hippocastanum. this study investigated the effect of the degree of leaf browning caused by the insect's larvae on olfactory detection, aggregation, and oviposition of c. ohridella adults. the influence of a. hippocastanum flower scent on oviposition of the first generation was also evaluated. utilizing gas chromatography coupled with parallel detection by mass s ... | 2006 | 17001531 |
| a horse chestnut extract, which induces contraction forces in fibroblasts, is a potent anti-aging ingredient. | contraction forces generated by non-muscle cells, such as fibroblasts, play important roles in determining cell morphology, vasoconstriction, and/or wound healing. we have searched among various plant extracts for ingredients that generate cell contraction forces using fibroblast-populated collagen gels. using that model, we found that an extract of horse chestnuts (aesculus hippocastanum) is able to generate such contraction forces in fibroblasts. the involvement of stress fiber formation in th ... | 2006 | 17111071 |
| aescin content in embryogenic callus and in embryoids from leaf explants of aesculus hippocastanum. | hplc determinations of the aescin contents in calli and embryoids from leaf explants of aesculus hippocastanum l. were carried out in order to determine whether it was possible to obtain aescin-forming proliferations in vitro. the results indicate that embryogenic calli and embryoids derived from them produce an amount of active principle higher than that of horse-chestnut seeds. the data are discussed in terms of the relation between tissue differentiation and secondary metabolites biosynthesis ... | 1991 | 17226120 |
| chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins found in anemarrhena asphodeloides, asparagus officinalis, convallaria majalis, digitalis purpurea and ruscus aculeatus was studied by hplc-ms using a c-18 reversed-phase column and aqueous acetonitrile or aqueous methanol mobile phase gradients, with or without the addition of 1% acetic acid. the behaviour was compared to that of triterpene saponins found in aesculus hippocastanum, centella asiatica, panax notoginseng and potentilla tormentill ... | 2007 | 17391684 |
| comparative genome analysis provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi on aesculus hippocastanum. | a recently emerging bleeding canker disease, caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovar aesculi (pae), is threatening european horse chestnut in northwest europe. very little is known about the origin and biology of this new disease. we used the nucleotide sequences of seven commonly used marker genes to investigate the phylogeny of three strains isolated recently from bleeding stem cankers on european horse chestnut in britain (e-pae). on the basis of these sequences alone, the e-pae strains were ... | 2010 | 20419105 |
| contribution to biomonitoring of some trace metals by deciduous tree leaves in urban areas. | leaves of the deciduous tree species, horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) and turkish hazel (corylus colurna l.) were used as accumulative biomonitors of trace metal pollution in the urban area of belgrade. using differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry, trace metal concentrations (pb, cu, zn, cd) were determined at the single leaf level (ten leaves per species, per month), during two successive years with markedly different atmospheric level of trace metals. increased trace metal c ... | 2008 | 17505898 |
| beta-escin inhibits colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats and regulates the cell cycle growth by inducing p21(waf1/cip1) in colon cancer cells. | extracts of aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) seed have been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, edema, and hemorrhoids. most of the beneficial effects of horse chestnut are attributed to its principal component beta-escin or aescin. recent studies suggest that beta-escin may possess anti-inflammatory, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-histamine properties. we have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of dietary beta-escin on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci ... | 2006 | 16818504 |
| [physiological and biochemical characteristics of recalcitrant seed under the condition of true dormancy: a review]. | the review considers and sums up the results of studies of physiological and biochemical characteristics of dormant and germinating recalcitrant seed (the object of the study, the seed of common horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l., is viewed as an exemplary case). the results of analysis of the proteomes of the axis and cotyledons have been studied and the effects of the stratification, assessed. gene expression has been studied at the level of protein synthesis; the protein-synthesizing c ... | 2007 | 17619586 |
| flavonoids in horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) seeds and powdered waste water byproducts. | horse chestnut extracts are widely used in pharmacy and cosmetic industries. the main active constituents are saponins of oleane type, but seeds of horse chestnut also contain flavonoids, being glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. their contribution to the overall activity of the extracts was not clear. in the present work, the main flavonoids from horse chestnut seeds were isolated and their structures established with spectral methods. seven glycosides were isolated, out of which six ( 2, 3 ... | 2007 | 17867637 |
| pavietin, a coumarin from aesculus pavia with antifungal activity. | a new prenylated coumarin, s-6-[2-(hydroxymethyl)butoxy]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2 h-chromen-2-one ( 1), named pavietin, has been isolated from the leaves of an aesculus pavia genotype along with three known flavonol glycosides, quercetin 3- o-alpha-rhamnoside (quercitrin, 2), quercetin 3- o-alpha-arabinoside ( 3), and isorhamnetin 3- o-alpha-arabinoside (distichin, 4). the chemical structure of compound 1 was determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods, inclusive of uv, ms, and 1d and 2d nmr ex ... | 2007 | 17914881 |
| two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of cameraria ohridella in the leaves of aesculus hippocastanum in switzerland and bulgaria. | the horse-chestnut leaf miner, cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in europe. this paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in switzerland and bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting o ... | 2007 | 17916263 |
| herbal medications for common ailments in the elderly. | the popularity of herbal medicine is at an all time peak. this article provides an overview of systematic reviews of herbal treatments for conditions common in elderly individuals. according to this evidence, there is little doubt that hypericum perforatum (st john's wort) is well tolerated and effective for mild to moderate depression. although widely used, valeriana officinalis (valerian) has not been shown beyond reasonable doubt to be effective for insomnia. there is relatively compelling ev ... | 1999 | 10641953 |
| a cytoskeletal basis for wood formation in angiosperm trees: the involvement of microfilaments. | the cortical microfilament (mf) component of the cytoskeleton within axial elements of the secondary vascular system of the angiosperm tree, aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse-chestnut) was studied using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of actin in thick sections. as seen by electron microscopy, mf bundles have a net axial orientation within fusiform cambial cells and their secondary vascular derivatives (i.e. in the axial xylem and ... | 2000 | 10872219 |
| evaluation of the community of native eulophid parasitoids on cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic in urban areas. | the parasitoid complex associated with the exotic leafminer cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), which attacks horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.), was studied in the urban environment of turin (northern italy). the studies were carried out over 5 yr after the first detection of the pest in our region in 1999. to evaluate parasitism, 438,029 leaf mines were examined over the 5-yr period, of which 29,033 were found to be parasitized (6.6%). also, ornamental ... | 2007 | 18284739 |
| endothelium protectant and contractile effects of the antivaricose principle escin in rat aorta. | the triterpene saponin escin is the active component of the extract of seeds of aesculus hippocastanum used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. escin is also used experimentally to increase membrane permeability in isolated cells. since endothelial dysfunction is postulated to be involved in venous insufficiency, the possible endothelium-protectant effect of escin was explored in rat aortic rings, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents. escin enhanced ... | 2007 | 17512261 |
| the characterization and properties of castaprenol-11, -12 and -13 from the leaves of aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut). | the isolation and purification of a mixture of cis-trans-polyprenols from the leaves of aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) are described. results of studies involving mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, micro-hydrogenation and ozonolytic degradation show the mixture to be made up of undecaprenol, dodecaprenol and tridecaprenol with dodecaprenol predominating. each of the prenols contains three trans internal isoprene residues and a cis ;oh-terminal' isopren ... | 1967 | 6067665 |
| steroidal constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) bark. | the content and the composition of sterols in the bark of the horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l., have been examined. stigmasterol and alpha-spinasterol were, with the beta-sitosterol, the most abundant sterols. the petrol extract from bark shows anti-inflammatory activity. | 1989 | 2751881 |
| modulation of activity of the adipocyte aquaglyceroporin channel by plant extracts. | the plasma membrane protein, aquaglyceroporin-7 (aqp7) is exclusively expressed in adipocytes and appears to be a channel for glycerol entry and exit. it is possible that by facilitating the opening of these channels, the loss of intracellular glycerol could be encouraged and thus reduce the size of the lipid reservoir. human preadipocytes and mouse 3t3-l1 preadipocytes were induced to develop an adipocytic phenotype by culture in a semi-defined medium. after 7 days, the expression of aqp7 messa ... | 2007 | 18489306 |
| perspectives for the biological control of cameraria ohridella. | the horse chestnut leaf-miner, cameraria ohridella deschka et dimic (lepidoptera, gracillariidae) is a serious invasive pest of aesculus hippocastanum in europe. the larvae of this species feed on leaf parenchyma and can reduce the tree growth. we studied the impact of parasitoids on c. ohridella in the czech republic and also searched for entomopathogenic fungi associated with this pest. the results showed that the rate of parasitism varied between 5% and 15% in most cases. the most parasitized ... | 2007 | 18399483 |
| antifeedants and feeding stimulants in bark extracts of ten woody non-host species of the pine weevil, hylobius abietis. | bark of ten woody species, known to be rejected as a food source by the pine weevil, hylobius abietis, were sequentially extracted by a soxhlet apparatus with pentane followed by methanol. species were alder (alnus glutinosa), aspen (populus tremula), beech (fagus sylvatica), guelder rose (viburnum opulus), holly (ilex aquifolium), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), lilac (syringa vulgaris), spindle tree (evonymus europaeus), walnut (juglans regia), and yew (taxus baccata). bark of each sp ... | 2008 | 18719963 |
| horse chestnut - aesculus hippocastanum: potential applications in cosmetic skin-care products. | in addition to the well reported beneficial effects of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) extracts on venous insufficiency and associated conditions, such preparations also have many potential positive pharmacological effects on the skin. extracts from this species, and in particular, those based on horse chestnut seeds, contain saponins, known collectively as 'aescin', which have a gentle soapy feel, and are potent anti-inflammatory compounds. saponins, such as escin, also reduce capillary ... | 1999 | 18503457 |
| immunostimulating complexes incorporating eimeria tenella antigens and plant saponins as effective delivery system for coccidia vaccine immunization. | immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) are unique, multimolecular structures formed by encapsulating antigens, lipids, and triterpene saponins of plant origin, and are an effective delivery system for various kinds of antigens. the uses of iscoms formulated with saponins from plants collected in kazakhstan, with antigens from the poultry coccidian parasite eimeria tenella, were evaluated for their potential use in developing a vaccine for control of avian coccidiosis. saponins isolated from the pl ... | 2008 | 18564738 |
| a comparative study of the constituents of aesculus hippocastanum and aesculus indica. | this work compared the phytochemical composition of two species, of aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) and aesculus indica grown under comparable conditions. thin-layer chromatography zone profiles of the constituents in methanol extracts from leaves, seeds, and husks indicated differences within and between the two species. similar profiles were observed for seeds and leaves from the two species but not for the husks. aesculin and its aglycone, aesculetin, were not detected in leaves, husk ... | 1999 | 19281348 |
| transient etiolation: protochlorophyll(ide) and chlorophyll forms in differentiating plastids of closed and breaking leaf buds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum). | an accompanying paper reports the accumulation of photoactive protochlorophyllide (pchlide) in the innermost leaf primordia of buds of many tree species. in this paper, we describe plastid differentiation, changes in pigment concentrations and spectral properties of bud scales and leaf primordia of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) from january until the end of bud break in april. the bud scales contained plastids with grana, stroma thylakoids characteristic of chloroplasts and large de ... | 2006 | 16651258 |
| the ecological aspect of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of population in bosnia and herzegovina. | this paper contains first systematical revision of the results on traditional use of wild medicinal and aromatic herbs on the territory of bosnia and herzegovina (b&h)--west of balkan peninsula; southeast of europe. there have been detected 227 plants belonging to 71 different plant families, which are being used with ethno therapeutic purpose. results were obtained by method of open ethno botanical interview which comprised 150 persons, whose average age was 63. medicinal plants in ethno therap ... | 2007 | 18041402 |
| optical properties of bud scales and protochlorophyll(ide) forms in leaf primordia of closed and opened buds. | the transmission spectra of bud scales of 14 woody species and the 77 k fluorescence emission spectra of the innermost leaf primordia of closed and opened buds of 37 woody species were studied. pigment concentrations were determined in some species. bud scales had low transmittance between 400 and 680 nm with a local minimum around 680 nm. transmittance increased steeply above 680 nm and was > 80% in the 700-800 nm spectral region. significant protochlorophyllide (pchlide) accumulation was obser ... | 2006 | 16651257 |
| sequential sampling plan for cameraria ohridella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on horse chestnut tree. | a fixed precision sequential sampling plan for estimating the density of the horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l., leafminer cameraria ohridella deschka & dimic (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) was developed. data were collected from 2002 to 2004 in turin, northwestern italy, with the aim of developing a sampling strategy for estimating populations of c. ohridella mines. taylor's power law was used as a regression model. sampling parameters were estimated from 216 data sets, and an additional ... | 2007 | 18232410 |
| the effect of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. | diet interventions and natural bioactive supplements have now been extensively studied to reduce risks of colon cancer, which is one of the major public health problem throughout the world. the objective of our investigation was to study the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, nutritional plant extract, and plant oil on selected biochemical and immunological parameters in rats with colon cancer induced by n,n dimethylhydrazine (dmh). male and female wistar albino rats were were fed by a high-fat (h ... | 2010 | 20568896 |
| aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut). monograph. | | 2009 | 19803552 |
| [the active therapeutic principle of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum). part 1. classification of the active substance]. | | 1960 | 14418281 |
| which plant for which skin disease? part 2: dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications. | this paper continues our review of scientifically evaluated plant extracts in dermatology. after plants effective against dermatophytes, botanicals with anti-edema effects in chronic venous insufficiency are discussed. there is good evidence from randomized clinical studies that plant extracts from grape vine leaves (vitis vinifera), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), sea pine (pinus maritima) and butcher's broom (ruscus aculeatus) can reduce edema in chronic venous insufficiency. plant ex ... | 2010 | 20707877 |
| effect of beta-escin sodium on endothelial cells proliferation, migration and apoptosis. | beta-escin, the major active compound in extracts of the horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum seed, has shown clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). our previous studies had shown that beta-escin sodium inhibited angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane (cam) and in aortic disk assay. in this study, we explored the direct effect of beta-escin sodium on proliferation, migration and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and ecv304 cells ... | 2008 | 18718875 |
| determination of escin content in androgenic embryos and hairy root culture of aesculus hippocastanum. | escin, a group of chemically related triterpenic glycosides, is widely used in commercial preparations for the treatment of venous insufficiency. since the zygotic embryo cotyledons accumulate the highest amount of escin, it is currently extracted from the seeds of horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae), on a large scale. as this material is available during only short period of the year, we studied the possibility of using plant tissue culture to obtain escin. for this pur ... | 2010 | 20645800 |
| effects of escin mixture from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum on obesity in mice fed a high fat diet. | escins, a triterpene glycoside mixture obtained from the ethanol extract of aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae) seed, was evaluated for its in vivo effects on the plasma levels of some hormones (leptin, insulin, ft(3), ft(4)) and biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, hdl-c, ldl-c concentrations) in mice fed with a high fat diet for 5 weeks. a high fat diet induced a remarkable increment in the plasma leptin (p <0.01), total cholesterol (p <0.01) and ldl-c (p ... | 2010 | 20645808 |
| immunostimulatory complexes containing eimeria tenella antigens and low toxicity plant saponins induce antibody response and provide protection from challenge in broiler chickens. | immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) are unique multimolecular structures formed by encapsulating antigens, lipids and triterpene saponins and are one of the most successful antigen delivery systems for microbial antigens. in the current study, both the route of administration and the antigen concentration of iscoms, containing eimeria tenella antigens and saponins from native plants, were evaluated in their ability to stimulate humoral immunity and to protect chickens against a challenge infect ... | 2010 | 19879050 |
| change in medical plant use in estonian ethnomedicine: a historical comparison between 1888 and 1994. | the aim of this paper is to compare the changes in the utilization of species from various hemeroby categories (indicating the degree of sensitivity of the plant to human impact) using historical data concerning the years 1888-1994. | 2011 | 21376110 |
| some clinical aspects of aesculus hippocastanum. | | 1946 | 20985762 |
| horse chestnut extract contracts bovine vessels and affects human platelet aggregation through 5-ht(2a) receptors: an in vitro study. | extract from seeds and bark of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l) is used as an herbal medicine against chronic venous insufficiency. the effect and mechanism of action on veins, arteries, and platelets are not fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of horse chestnut on the contraction of bovine mesenteric veins and arteries, and human platelet aggregation. contraction studies showed that horse chestnut extract dose-dependently cont ... | 2010 | 20148408 |
| an attempt to control cameraria ohridella using an attract-and-kill technique. | this study estimates the efficacy of an attract-and-kill (a&k) technique to control the horse chestnut leaf miner, cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic (lepidoptera, gracillariidae), an invasive insect pest of the horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae). the a&k formulation was dispensed as 50 μl droplets of paste-like matrix, containing c. ohridella sex pheromone, (8e,10z)-tetradeca-8,10-dienal (85% + pure; 0.16% w/w) and a fast acting contact toxicant, pyrocides (94% pure ... | 2011 | 21654920 |
| beneficial effects of aesculus hippocastanum l. seed extract on the body's own antioxidant defense system on subacute administration. | seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l. have long been used in european phytotherapy to treat inflammatory and vascular problems. in turkish folk medicine, tea prepared from the crushed seeds was used to pass kidney stone and against stomach ache, while a fraction of seed was swallowed to alleviate hemorrhoids symptoms. in order to evaluate the in vivo effects of escin mixture from aesculus hippocastanum seed on the blood and tissue antioxidant defense systems in standard pellet diet (spd) and in hig ... | 2010 | 20219666 |
| escin exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with low doses of glucocorticoids in vivo and in vitro. | escin, a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), had been demonstrated to possess anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects. the present study was designed to investigate whether escin exhibits synergistic anti-inflammatory effects when combined with glucocorticoids. the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleuritis in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of escin and gluc ... | 2011 | 20850956 |
| Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of escin Ia and isoescin Ia after administration of escin and of pure escin Ia and isoescin Ia in rat. | Escin Ia and isoescin Ia have been traditionally used clinically as the chief active ingredients of escin, a major triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, inflammation and edema. | 2012 | 22094055 |
| high biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds. | to study the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in nature, the carotenoid and chlorophyllous pigment compositions of differently developed leaf primordia in closed and opening buds of common ash (fraxinus excelsior l.) and horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) as well as in closed buds of tree of heaven (ailanthus altissima p. mill.) were analyzed with hplc. the native organization of the chlorophyllous pigments was studied using 77 k fluorescence spectroscopy, and plastid ultrastruc ... | 2011 | 22160501 |
| ß-escin sodium inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via downregulation of the jak/stat pathway in a549 cells. | ß-escin, a triterpene saponin, is one of the major active compounds extracted from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) seed. previous work has found that ß-escin sodium has antiinflammatory and antitumor effects. in the present study, we investigated its effect on cell proliferation and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) expression in human lung carcinoma a549 cells. ß-escin sodium (5-40?µg/ml) inhibited cytokine mixture (cm)-induced nitric oxide (no) production in a549 cells by reducing ... | 2011 | 21400616 |
| Bacterial biofilm formation inhibitory activity revealed for plant derived natural compounds. | Use of herbal plant remedies to treat infectious diseases is a common practice in many countries in traditional and alternative medicine. However to date there are only few antimicrobial agents derived from botanics. Based on microbiological screening tests of crude plant extracts we identified four compounds derived from Krameria, Aesculus hippocastanum and Chelidonium majus that showed a potentially interesting antimicrobial activity. In this work we present an in depth characterization of the ... | 2011 | 22182580 |
| preliminary studies towards utilization of various plant extracts as antisolar agents. | synopsis the aim of this work was to evaluate several plant extracts with regard to ultraviolet absorption spectra in view of a possible application as antisolar agents. liquid and dry extracts of hamamelis virginiana, matricaria recutita, aesculus hippocastanum, rhamnus purshiana and cinnamomum zeylanicum were prepared by repercolation, maceration and microwave oven extraction. uvb absorption spectra (290-320nm) were obtained and the solar protection factors (spf) of these preparations were det ... | 1996 | 19245460 |
| inhibition of viral rna synthesis in canine distemper virus infection by proanthocyanidin a2. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a contagious and multisystemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild canines as well as other terrestrial and aquatic carnivores. the disease in dogs is often fatal and no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity against cdv of proanthocyanidin a2 (pa2), a phenolic dimer belonging to the class of condensed tannins present in plants. our results showed that pa2 exerted in vitro antiviral a ... | 2011 | 22020306 |
| comparison of ultraviolet detection and charged aerosol detection methods for liquid-chromatographic determination of protoescigenin. | escin, a complex mixture of pentacyclic triterpene saponins obtained from horse chestnut seeds extract (hcse; aesculus hippocastanum l.), constitutes a traditional herbal active substance of preparations (drugs) used for a treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and capillary blood vessel leakage. a new approach to exploitation of pharmacological potential of this saponin complex has been recently proposed, in which the β-escin mixture is perceived as a source of a hitherto unavailable raw mat ... | 2015 | 25745765 |
| rutosides for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome. | post-thrombotic syndrome (pts) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. one in three patients with dvt will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. the current standard care for the prevention of pts following dvt is elastic compression stockings. rutosides are a group of compounds derived from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), a traditional herbal remedy for treating oedema form ... | 2015 | 26373375 |
| the novel role of β-aescin in attenuating ccl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. | β-aescin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antiedematous properties. | 2017 | 28064552 |
| the efficacy of aesculus hippocastanum seeds on diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. | cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (tgf)-ß1, and increased oxidative stress are considered to be responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy. we hypothesized that aesculus hippocastanum (ah) seeds may have preventive effects on oxidative stress and tgf-β-related diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. twenty-one male sprague-dawley albino rats were divided into three groups (n=7). except for the control group, they all had diabeti ... | 2016 | 27424320 |
| molecular mechanism for cellular response to β-escin and its therapeutic implications. | β-escin is a mixture of triterpene saponins isolated from the horse chestnut seeds (aesculus hippocastanum l.). the anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties of β-escin have been the most extensively clinically investigated effects of this plant-based drug and randomized controlled trials have proved the efficacy of β-escin for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. however, despite the clinical recognition of the drug its pharmacological mechanism of action still remain ... | 2016 | 27727329 |
| efficacy test of horse chestnut leaf extract (alh-l1005) as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in ligature-induced periodontitis in canine model. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are the main proteinase associated with periodontal tissue destruction and remodeling. therefore, inhibition of the host-derived mmps is accounted to play a key role in the prevention and reduction of the periodontitis progression. horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) extracts had been used as a remedy for inflammatory disease, traditionally. this study was performed to assess the clinical effect of alh-l1005 on the periodontitis as mmps inhibitor. alh-l100 ... | 2016 | 27515267 |