| parasites and diseases of bison in canada iv. serologic survey for brucellosis in bison in northern canada. | serum samples collected from 2,365 free-roaming hybrid bison (bison bison bison x bison bison athabascae) in wood buffalo national park and adjacent areas in the northwest territories were tested for brucellosis during the period 1959 to 1974. a positive reaction was obtained in 739 (31.2%) of the animals tested. the overall effect of brucellosis on this free-roaming bison population is unknown. the authors also dealt with some of the actual and possible consequences of the disease in this popul ... | 1978 | 691126 |
| capture of wood bison (bison bison athabascae) using carfentanil-based mixtures. | between 1986 and 1991, 155 wood bison (bison bison athabascae) (33 adult females, 92 adult males, twelve 6 mo-old calves, eighteen 1 to 2 mo-old calves) in the mackenzie bison sanctuary, northwest territories, canada, and adjacent area were captured by dart immobilization. initial trials with carfentanil, xylazine and r51163 as immobilizing agents were conducted. subsequently, carfentanil alone, or in combination with xylazine, was used. small doses of xylazine were used when required to control ... | 1995 | 7563422 |
| the brucellosis and tuberculosis status of wood bison in the mackenzie bison sanctuary, northwest territories, canada. | postmortem examinations were done on 51 wood bison (bison bison athabascae) killed as part of a multidisciplinary research project in the mackenzie bison sanctuary, northwest territories, canada, between 1986 and 1988. there was no gross, histological or bacteriological evidence of brucellosis or tuberculosis in these bison. traumatic lesions were seen in one calf that had been attacked by wolves and a second calf that had been gored. antibody titers to brucella abortus were not found in sera fr ... | 1993 | 8269360 |
| genetic variation within and relatedness among wood and plains bison populations. | there are two recognized subspecies of bison, wood (bison bison athabascae) and plains (bison bison bison) bison. the establishment of most bison populations from a small number of individuals has raised concerns about their genetic variation. to this end, 11 bison populations were surveyed with 11 microsatellite loci in order to calculate genetic variation and genetic distances. mean number of alleles ranged between 3.18 at antelope island state park (utah) and 6.55 at wood buffalo national par ... | 1999 | 10382295 |
| hormonal control of estrous cyclicity and attempted superovulation in wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | the wood bison (bison bison athabascae) is a threatened canadian species that has faced extinction twice in the last 100 yr. development of assisted reproductive technologies could help ensure the long-term propagation and genetic management of this species. the objectives of this study were to refine estrus synchronization techniques and evaluate superovulatory responses after fsh or ecg administration. in experiment 1, females were fitted with syncro-mate b (smb) implants for 9 d and received ... | 1999 | 10734397 |
| the hook lake wood bison recovery project: can a disease-free captive wood bison herd be recovered from a wild population infected with bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis? | the hook lake wood bison recovery project (hlwbrp) is a wildlife conservation project aimed at recovering a captive, disease-free herd of wood bison (bison bison athabascae) from a wild herd infected with bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (brucella abortus). the disease eradication protocol that we have used involves a combination of techniques, including (1) orphaning of newborn wild-caught calves to minimize exposure to b. abortus and m. bovis, (2) testing calves for ma ... | 2002 | 12381597 |
| persistent right aortic arch in a yearling captive wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | an undersized, 16-mo-old, captive wood bison (bison bison athabascae) was observed with dysphagia and postprandial regurgitation. the animal died shortly after anesthesia was initiated for diagnostic purposes. at necropsy, a persistent right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery were diagnosed. the vascular ring structure around the esophagus and the trachea caused a megaesophagus with complete esophageal obstipation and ulcerative esophagitis. the aberrant left subclavian artery did n ... | 2002 | 12564539 |
| wildlife reservoirs for bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in canada: strategies for management and research. | in canada, there are two known regional foci where wildlife populations are infected with bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) and considered to be disease reservoirs. free-ranging populations of wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in and around wood buffalo national park (wbnp) and wapiti (cervus elaphus manitobensis) in and around riding mountain national park (rmnp) are infected with bovine tuberculosis. in this paper, we provide an overview of these diseased wild ungulate populations an ... | 2006 | 16343817 |
| the seasonal fertility of north american bison (bison bison) bulls. | the objective of this study was to determine the presence and magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in semen quality and other reproductive indices in bison bulls. testicles from 288 commercially slaughtered bison bulls were collected monthly over a 1-year period. carcass and testicle weight were determined and measurements of seminiferous tubule lumen, diameter, and epithelial thickness were made. sperm cell morphology and defects were described and quantified using epididymal semen from each test ... | 2007 | 16524676 |
| diagnosis of pregnancy in wood bison using a bovine assay for pregnancy-specific protein b. | blood samples were collected from 51 wood bison (bison bison athabascae ) and evaluated for the presence of an antigen that cross-reacted with antisera to pregnancy-specific protein b(pspb). the objective of this study was to determine if the pspb radioimmunoassay (ria) was a reliable indicator of pregnancy in these animals. pregnancy of mature females was determined either at autopsy (20 animals) or by palpation per rectum after chemical immobilization (18 animals). the antigen was not detected ... | 1991 | 16727043 |
| preliminary assessment of reproductive technologies in wood bison (bison bison athabascae): implications for preserving genetic diversity. | since the high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in free-ranging wood bison in the canadian north poses a threat to nearby healthy bison populations, commercial bison and cattle ranches, and potentially to humans, there is considerable impetus to salvage the genetics of infected bison and maintain a disease-free herd. in that regard, there is a great need to develop appropriate reproductive technologies. therefore, the objective of this study was to develop protocols to produce a ... | 2007 | 17498795 |
| wood bison population recovery and forage availability in northwestern canada. | forage availability was assessed to determine sustainable stocking rates for eight broadly defined vegetation types (treed uplands, treed lowlands, mixed tall shrub/sedge, closed-canopied willow, and open-canopied willow, meadow, wetland grass, wetland sedge) for use by wood bison (bison bison athabascae), a threatened subspecies, in the canadian boreal forest of northern alberta. clip plots (n=108) were used to sample peak availability of herbs and current annual growth of salix spp. in late su ... | 2009 | 18191321 |
| recovery and cryopreservation of epididymal sperm of plains bison (bison bison bison) as a model for salvaging the genetics of wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | the objective of this study was to optimize recovery and cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from plains bison, as a model for wood bison. in phase 1, cauda epididymides were recovered from bison (n = 14) immediately after slaughter, minced and incubated in sp-talph buffer for 3 h at 36 degrees c. the resulting sperm suspensions were cryopreserved in triladyl, using a protocol for bovine semen. in phase 2, epididymal sperm were cryopreserved in either triladyl or andromed. the mean (+/-sd) esti ... | 2009 | 18811627 |
| banking north american buffalo semen. | the purpose of this study was to develop a procedure to collect and preserve semen from wood bison (bison bison athabascae) and plains bison (bison bison bison). semen samples from three wood and three plains bison bulls were collected by electroejaculation from june through october. in addition, sperm was collected from the cauda epididymis of seven plains bison. semen was cryopreserved using two commercially available cryopreservation media, an egg yolk-based medium (triladyl), and a medium fr ... | 2009 | 19181375 |
| sperm characteristics in plains (bison bison bison) versus wood (bison bison athabascae) bison. | the objective was to compare sperm characteristics between the two subspecies of north american bison, plains bison (bison bison bison) and wood bison (bison bison athabascae). frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm from age-matched plains (n = 3) and wood (n = 2) bison were evaluated for morphometry, motility, viability, protein profile, and in vitro fertilization characteristics. sperm morphometry and motility were assessed with computer-based systems, viability was assessed with sybr-14 and propidium ... | 2011 | 21295823 |
| evaluation of an animal protein-free semen extender for cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from north american bison (bison bison). | the objective was to evaluate the suitability of an animal protein-free semen extender for cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from the two subspecies of north american bison: plains (bison bison bison) and wood (bison bison athabascae) bison. both cauda epididymides (from six plains and five wood bison) were minced and incubated in sp-talph buffer for approximately 2 h at 37 °c to release actively motile sperm. sperm suspensions were filtered, centrifuged and the sperm pellet from each bull wa ... | 2011 | 21550101 |
| descriptive epidemiology of detected anthrax outbreaks in wild wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in northern canada, 1962-2008. | we inventoried and assessed historical anthrax outbreak data from 1962-2008 in wild wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in wood buffalo national park and the slave river lowlands (srl), northwest territories, canada. we compared these results with a 2010 outbreak in the srl. anthrax outbreaks have occurred in 12 of the years between 1962 and 2008 in wild wood bison with 1,515 anthrax deaths detected. the average number of carcasses found each outbreak year was 126 (range 1-363), though local ave ... | 2014 | 24779457 |
| contrasting results of culture-dependent and molecular analyses of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from wood bison. | reduced to near extinction in the late 1800s, a number of wood bison populations (bison bison athabascae) have been re-established through reintroduction initiatives. although an invaluable tool for conservation, translocation of animals can spread infectious agents to new areas or expose animals to pathogens in their new environment. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a bacterium that causes chronic enteritis in ruminants, is among the pathogens of potential concern for wood bison man ... | 2013 | 23686265 |
| bayesian analysis to evaluate tests for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in free-ranging wild bison (bison bison athabascae) in the absence of a gold standard. | we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the caudal-fold skin test (cft), the fluorescent polarization assay (fpa), and the rapid lateral-flow test (rt) for the detection of mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging wild wood bison (bison bison athabascae), in the absence of a gold standard, by using bayesian analysis, and then used those estimates to forecast the performance of a pairwise combination of tests in parallel. in 1998-99, 212 wood bison from wood buffalo national park (canada) were ... | 2015 | 25973619 |
| sarcocystis cruzi infection in wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | endangered wood bison (bison bison athabascae) is the largest terrestrial mammal in the american continent. animal health is an important issue in their conservation, and sarcocystis cruzi may be a cause of clinical disease in bovidae. hearts of eight wood bison from alaska, usa were examined for sarcocysts by histology, transmission electron microscopy, pepsin digestion, and molecularly. sarcocystis bradyzoites were found in pepsin digests of all eight and sarcocysts were found in histologic se ... | 2015 | 25868849 |
| effects of ecg and progesterone on superovulation and embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | experiments were done to determine if inclusion of ecg and progesterone in the superstimulation protocol will increase the ovarian response and embryo production in wood bison, and to provide preliminary information regarding the effect of season. in experiment 1 (anovulatory season), bison (n=26) were synchronized by follicular ablation (day -1) and given fsh on days 0 and 2, and assigned to 3 groups: progesterone (days 0-4), ecg (day 3), or progesterone+ecg. on day 5, bison were given hcg and ... | 2017 | 28389047 |
| a preliminary assessment of the effects of reproductive seasonality on seminal plasma characteristics in north american bison (bison bison). | the two subspecies of the north american bison, plains ( bison bison bison) and wood ( bison bison athabascae) bison, are seasonal breeders. the objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of season on semen. to test the hypothesis that there are seasonal effects on seminal plasma, protein profiles of seminal plasma from plains and wood bison (n = 2 of each subspecies) were compared between breeding and nonbreeding seasons. using two-dimensional gel electr ... | 2017 | 28363057 |
| in vitro-production of embryos using immature oocytes collected transvaginally from superstimulated wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | two experiments were done to test the hypothesis that morphologic characteristics of wood bison cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) are reflective of the ability of the oocyte to develop to an advanced embryonic stage after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, and to determine the effect of prolonging the interval from the end of superstimulation treatment to oocyte collection (fsh starvation period). experiments were done during the anovulatory season. in experiment 1, ovarian superstimul ... | 2017 | 28237324 |
| broad-scale lake expansion and flooding inundates essential wood bison habitat. | understanding the interaction between the response of a complex ecosystem to climate change and the protection of vulnerable wildlife species is essential for conservation efforts. in the northwest territories (canada), the recent movement of the mackenzie wood bison herd (bison bison athabascae) out of their designated territory has been postulated as a response to the loss of essential habitat following regional lake expansion. we show that the proportion of this landscape occupied by water do ... | 2017 | 28230049 |
| in vitro embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) using in vivo matured cumulus-oocyte complexes. | experiments were conducted in wood bison to determine the effect of additional maturation time on embryo development of in vivo matured oocytes. in experiment 1, cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) were collected 30 hours after hcg treatment in superstimulated wood bison, and expanded coc were fertilized immediately or after 4 hours of additional in vitro maturation. embryo development was assessed on days 3, 7, and 8 (day 0 = day of fertilization). no difference in cleavage rate was detected (55.3% ... | 2017 | 28043342 |
| in vivo and in vitro maturation of oocytes collected from superstimulated wood bison (bison bison athabascae) during the anovulatory and ovulatory seasons. | experiments were done to compare the in vivo and in vitro maturational characteristics of cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) collected from live wood bison. in experiment 1 (anovulatory season), follicular ablation was done to synchronize follicle wave emergence among bison on day -1, and fsh was given on days 0 and 2. bison were then assigned to 5 groups (n=5/group) in which coc were collected by transvaginal follicle aspiration on day 4 and either fixed immediately with no maturation (control), ma ... | 2016 | 27601321 |
| superovulation in wood bison (bison bison athabascae): effects of progesterone, treatment protocol and gonadotropin preparations for the induction of ovulation. | experiments were done to determine the ovarian response and embryo production following superstimulation of wood bison. in experiment 1 (anovulatory season), the efficacy of plh vs. hcg for inducing ovulation was compared in wood bison superstimulated with a single dose of pfsh in 0.5% hyaluronan and the effect of exogenous progesterone (prid) on superovulatory response and embryo quality was examined. in experiment 2 (ovulatory season), the efficacy of plh vs. hcg for the induction of ovulation ... | 2016 | 26898393 |
| inducing ovulation in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) during the anovulatory season. | as part of the development of a germplasm biobank to preserve the genetic diversity of threatened wood bison (bison bison athabascae), a 2 × 2 factorial study was designed to determine the effects of ovulation induction agent and follicle maturity on the ovulatory response in wood bison during the anovulatory season. bison (n=32) were assigned randomly to four groups (n=8/group) and treated with either plh or hcg when a growing dominant follicle was either 8-9 mm or ≥10 mm. the ovaries were exam ... | 2015 | 26490189 |
| tuberculosis and brucellosis in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in northern canada: a renewed need to develop options for future management. | effective, long-term strategies to manage the threat of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis spillback from northern, diseased bison to the canadian cattle herd and adjacent disease-free wood bison (bison bison athabascae) herds have eluded policy makers in recent decades. a controversial plan to depopulate infected herds and repopulate them with disease-free wood bison was rejected in 1990 because of significant public concern. since then, technical advances in vaccine technology, genetic salvag ... | 2015 | 25973624 |
| developmental competence of 8?16-cell stage bison embryos produced by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer. | altered communication between nuclear and cytoplasmic components has been linked to impaired development in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) embryos as a result of genetic divergence between the two species. this study investigated the developmental potential and mitochondrial function of cattle (bos taurus), plains bison (bison bison bison) and wood bison (bison bison athabascae) embryos produced by iscnt using domestic cattle oocytes as cytoplasts. embryos in all groups were ... | 2015 | 25763855 |
| the fecal microbiota of semi-free-ranging wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | the intestinal tract harbours a complex and diverse microbial population that is important for health, yet has been poorly described in many species. this study explored the fecal microbiota of semi-free-ranging wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | 2014 | 24884592 |
| ovarian superstimulation and oocyte collection in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) during the ovulatory season. | the objective of the study was to establish an effective ovarian superstimulatory protocol and subsequently obtain oocytes from bison by transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. two experiments involving 22 wood bison were done during the breeding season (september to december). in experiment 1, the bison were given a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (day 0) and underwent follicular ablation (day 8) to induce ovarian synchrony. synchronized bison were then assigned randomly to two g ... | 2014 | 24182739 |
| superovulation and embryo transfer in wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | two experiments were done to develop an effective superovulatory treatment protocol in wood bison for the purpose of embryo collection and transfer. in experiment 1, donor bison were assigned randomly to four treatment groups (n = 5 per group) to examine the effects of method of synchronization (follicular ablation vs. estradiol-progesterone treatment) and ovarian follicular superstimulation (single slow-release vs. split dose of fsh). recipient bison were synchronized with donor bison by either ... | 2013 | 23831114 |
| serial ovarian ultrasonography in wild-caught wood bison (bison bison athabascae). | the objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of daily examination of wild-caught wood bison and to characterize the ovarian function using serial transrectal ultrasonography and blood hormone analysis. ten 2-year-old wood bison heifers obtained from elk island national park were placed in a corral adjacent to a handling system designed for restraining bison. the handling system was left open to the corral allowing the bison to explore it freely for 2 months. active acclimation ... | 2013 | 23816285 |
| genetic variation and differentiation of bison (bison bison) subspecies and cattle (bos taurus) breeds and subspecies. | the genetic relationship of american plains bison (bison bison bison) and wood bison (bison bison athabascae) was quantified and compared with that among breeds and subspecies of cattle. plains bison from 9 herds (n = 136), wood bison from 3 herds (n = 65), taurine cattle (bos taurus taurus) from 14 breeds (n = 244), and indicine cattle (bos taurus indicus) from 2 breeds (n = 53) were genotyped for 29 polymorphic microsatellite loci. bayesian cluster analyses indicate 3 groups, 2 of which are pl ... | 2013 | 23667052 |
| ovarian synchronisation in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) during the anovulatory season. | two experiments were performed in wood bison during the anovulatory season to establish an effective protocol for ovarian synchronisation. in an untreated control phase, bison cows (n=19) were examined daily to establish the interval to new follicular wave emergence (4.9±0.7 days) for the purposes of comparison with the experimental treatments. in experiment 1, bison were treated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular ablation (n=9) or with 2mg, i.m., 17β-oestradiol (n=10). in experiment 2 ... | 2014 | 23595420 |
| anthrax in the mackenzie wood bison (bison bison athabascae) population: 2012 anthrax outbreak and historical exposure in nonoutbreak years. | anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis, poses a threat to wood bison (bison bison athabascae) conservation. we used descriptive epidemiology to characterize a large outbreak of anthrax in the mackenzie bison population in the northwest territories, canada, in 2012 and investigated historical serologic exposure of the bison to the bacterium in nonoutbreak years. between late june and early august 2012, 451 bison carcasses were detected; mortality peaked from 13-19 july. ... | 2017 | 28767322 |