| [discovery of natural foci of newcastle disease virus in the ussr]. | in examination of colonial birds in the volga delta in the astrakhan region (188 bioassays from 229 birds) and in the komandorskie islands of the kamchatka region (244 bioassays from 208 birds) in 1974, 15 strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) were isolated (8 strains from 7 birds and 7 strains from 12 birds, respectively). the strains were isolated from egretta alba and ardea cinerea, and phalacracorax carbo in the astrakhan region and from lunda cirrhata and uria aalge in the komandorskie i ... | 1977 | 906443 |
| radionuclides in marine fishes and birds from amchitka and kiska islands in the aleutians: establishing a baseline. | amchitka island (51degrees n lat, 179 degrees e long) was the site of three underground nuclear tests from 1965-1971. there have been no substantive studies of radionuclides in marine fishes and birds in the area since the mid-1970's. in this study, levels of 60co, 52eu, 90sr, 99tc, 129i, 137cs, and the actinides (241am, 238pu, 239,240pu, 234u, 235u, 236u, and 238u) were studied in ten marine fish species (including pacific cod gadus macrocephalus and pacific halibut hippoglossus stenolepis) and ... | 2007 | 17293699 |
| contamination status and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and arsenic in five seabird species from the central bering sea. | seabirds are marine top predators and accumulate high levels of metals and metalloids in their tissues. contamination by metals in the highly productive offshore region has become a matter of public concern. it is home to 80% of the seabird population in the usa, 95% of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), and major populations of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), walruses (odobenus rosmarus) and whales. here, the concentrations of eight heavy metals (hg, cd, cr, co, ni, cu, zn and pb ... | 2017 | 28302954 |
| stable isotopes link diet to avian yolk carotenoid allocation: a comparative study of five auk species (charadriiformes: alcidae). | the allocation of important but environmentally limited nutrients, such as carotenoids, often represents a trade-off between homeostasis and reproduction. however, key questions remain about how diet and species traits influence carotenoid allocation. we studied yolk carotenoid profiles and yolk color in relation to trophic level (based on delta(15)n values) in five species of seabirds belonging to the family alcidae: common murre (uria aalge), pigeon guillemot (cepphus columba), cassin's auklet ... | 2010 | 20210648 |
| comparison of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in feathers in bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus), and comparison with common eider (somateria mollissima), glaucous-winged gull (larus glaucescens), pigeon guillemot (cepphus columba), and tufted puffin (fratercula cirrhata) from the aleutian chain of alaska. | there is an abundance of field data for levels of metals from a range of places, but relatively few from the north pacific ocean and bering sea. in this paper we examine the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in feathers from common eiders (somateria mollissima), glaucous-winged gulls (larus glaucescens), pigeon guillemots (cepphus columba), tufted puffins (fratercula cirrhata) and bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) from the aleutian chain of alaska. ... | 2009 | 18521716 |
| metals and radionuclides in birds and eggs from amchitka and kiska islands in the bering sea/pacific ocean ecosystem. | metals and radionuclide levels in marine birds of the aleutians are of interest because they are part of subsistence diets of the aleut people, and can also serve as indicators of marine pollution. we examined geographic and species-specific variations in concentrations of radionuclides in birds and their eggs from amchitka, the site of underground nuclear tests from 1965 to 1971, and kiska islands (a reference site) in the aleutians, and the levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in eggs. in 2004 ... | 2007 | 17206460 |
| the effects of diet and caloric restriction on adipose tissue fatty acid signatures of tufted puffin (fratercula cirrhata) nestlings. | fatty acid (fa) signature analysis is a powerful tool to investigate foraging ecology and food web dynamics in marine ecosystems. however, use of fa signatures to qualitatively or quantitatively infer diets is potentially complicated by effects of nutritional state on lipid metabolism. estimation of diets using the quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (qfasa) model requires the use of calibration coefficients to account for predator metabolism of individual fas. we conducted a captive feed ... | 2009 | 19350253 |
| mercury and other metals in feathers of common eider (somateria mollissima) and tufted puffin (fratercula cirrhata) from the aleutian chain of alaska. | we analyzed arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in the feathers of common eiders (somateria mollissima) and tufted puffins (fratercula cirrhata) from amchitka and kiska islands (aleutians). between species, puffins had 10 times higher chromium (arithmetic mean = 1820 ppb), 7.5 times higher selenium (mean = 6600 ppb), and 3 times higher mercury (mean = 2540 ppb) than eiders. eiders had significantly higher levels of manganese than puffins. puffins are higher on the ... | 2009 | 18712499 |
| corticosterone levels of tufted puffins vary with breeding stage, body condition index, and reproductive performance. | corticosterone (cort) levels in free-living animals are seasonally modulated and vary with environmental conditions. although most studies measure total cort concentrations, levels of corticosteroid binding globulin (cbg) may also be modulated, thus altering the concentration of cort available for diffusion into tissues (free cort). we investigated the seasonal dynamics of cbg, total cort, and free cort in breeding tufted puffins (fratercula cirrhata) during 2 years characterized by high rates o ... | 2008 | 18547575 |
| the adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits. | in several seabirds, nutritional state of a nest-bound chick is negatively correlated with the activity of its hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis. increased corticosterone (cort) secretion has been shown to facilitate changes in behavior that allow hungry chicks to obtain more food from parents. however, if parents are not willing/able to buffer their young from temporary food shortages, increased cort secretion could be detrimental to undernourished chicks. in a system where parents are ... | 2005 | 15811363 |
| the effects of intense wing molt on diving in alcids and potential influences on the evolution of molt patterns. | large and medium-sized alcids have a very intense wing molt wherein many flight feathers are shed in rapid succession and wing surface area is reduced by as much as 40%. although these birds are rendered flightless during wing molt, they must still use their wings to propel themselves underwater. a molt-induced loss of wing area could simply reduce wing propulsion such that more muscular work would be required to maintain a given speed. alternatively, molt could reduce drag on the wings, making ... | 2004 | 15277555 |
| tufted puffin reproduction reveals ocean climate variability. | anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures (ssts) are associated with interannual and decadal variability as well as with long-term climate changes indicative of global warming. such oscillations could precipitate changes in a variety of oceanic processes to affect marine species worldwide. as global temperatures continue to rise, it will be critically important to be able to predict the effects of such changes on species' abundance, distribution, and ecological relationships so as to identify vu ... | 2003 | 12871995 |
| unusual mortality of tufted puffins (fratercula cirrhata) in the eastern bering sea. | mass mortality events are increasing in frequency and magnitude, potentially linked with ongoing climate change. in october 2016 through january 2017, st. paul island, bering sea, alaska, experienced a mortality event of alcids (family: alcidae), with over 350 carcasses recovered. almost three-quarters of the carcasses were unscavenged, a rate much higher than in baseline surveys (17%), suggesting ongoing deposition and elevated mortality around st paul over a 2-3 month period. based on the obse ... | 2019 | 31141532 |
| huffin' and puffin: seabirds use large bills to dissipate heat from energetically demanding flight. | endothermic animals regulate body temperature by balancing metabolic heat production and heat exchange with the environment. heat dissipation is especially important during and immediately after demanding activities such as flapping flight, the most energetically expensive mode of locomotion. as uninsulated appendages, bird bills present a potential avenue for efficient heat dissipation. puffins possess large bills and are members of the bird family with the highest known flight cost. here, we u ... | 2019 | 31624096 |
| will the california current lose its nesting tufted puffins? | tufted puffin (fratercula cirrhata) populations have experienced dramatic declines since the mid-19th century along the southern portion of the species range, leading citizen groups to petition the united states fish and wildlife service (usfws) to list the species as endangered in the contiguous us. while there remains no consensus on the mechanisms driving these trends, population decreases in the california current large marine ecosystem suggest climate-related factors, and in particular the ... | 2018 | 29593940 |