| comparative egg morphology of six species of the albimanus section of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) (diptera:culicidae). | scanning electron micrographs were used to describe and compare structures of eggs obtained from wild-caught females of 6 species of the albimanus section of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) from south america, which includes important regional vectors of human malaria. among species from the oswaldoi complex, eggs of anopheles oswaldoi (peryassu) were not differentiated from those of its sibling anopheles konderi galvão & damasceno, and eggs of the former species from brazil, ecuador, and suriname sho ... | 1997 | 9103756 |
| [egg morphology as an indirect method to identify anopheles benarrochi, anopheles oswaldoi and anopheles rangeli (diptera: culicidae)]. | in the department of putumayo in southern colombia, malaria transmission has continued in the absence of the 4 traditional latin american vector species--anopheles darlingi, anopheles nuneztovari, anopheles albimanus or anopheles trinkae. human bait collections yielded anopheles mosquitoes and a morphological variant of anopheles benarrochi, the adult females of which can easily be misidentified as anopheles oswaldoi. species identification of females of anopheles in the subgenus nyssorhynchus i ... | 2003 | 14968916 |
| natural plasmodium infections in anopheles darlingi and anopheles benarrochi (diptera: culicidae) from eastern peru. | malaria, both plasmodium falciparum (welch) and plasmodium vivax (grassi & feletti), has reemerged as a significant public health disease issue in peru, especially in forested areas in the eastern part of the country. the spread of anopheles darlingi root, the principal south american malaria vector, into new areas of peru is thought to be a factor in this resurgence. however, epidemiological evidence suggests that in malaria endemic areas of eastern peru where an. darlingi does not occur, other ... | 2004 | 15185955 |
| experimental infection of the neotropical malaria vector anopheles darlingi by human patient-derived plasmodium vivax in the peruvian amazon. | malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes is modulated by human host immune factors. understanding mechanisms by which the human host response may impair parasite infectivity for mosquitoes has direct implications for the development of transmission-blocking vaccines. we hypothesized that despite a low transmission intensity of malaria in the peruvian amazon region of iquitos, transmission-blocking immunity against plasmodium vivax might be common, given an unexpectedly high proportion of a ... | 2006 | 17038681 |
| morphological analysis of three populations of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari gabaldón (diptera: culicidae) from colombia. | based on the results of comparative analyses of 1,039 specimens of several progenies of anopheles nuneztovarifrom three localities in colombia, eight costal wing spot patterns were observed. patterns i and iii were the most frequent: 77.96% and 11.36%, respectively. using the diagnostic characters ratio of the length of the basal dark area of hind tarsomere ii/length of hind tarsomere ii, ratio of the length of the humeral pale spot/length of the pre-humeral dark spot, and the ratio of the lengt ... | 2008 | 18368239 |
| insight into anopheles (nyssorhynchus) (diptera: culicidae) species from brazil. | anopheles (nyssorhynchus) benarrochi s.l., anopheles (nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi s.l., and anopheles (nyssorhynchus) konderi s.l. collected in acrelandia, state of acre, brazil, were identified based on morphological characters of the male genitalia, fourth-instar larvae, and pupae. morphological variation was observed in the male genitalia of these species in comparison with specimens from other localities in brazil. dna sequence from the nuclear ribosomal second internal transcribed spacer of ind ... | 2008 | 19058619 |
| adaptation and evaluation of the bottle assay for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vector mosquitoes in the peruvian amazon. | the purpose of this study was to establish whether the "bottle assay", a tool for monitoring insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, can complement and augment the capabilities of the established who assay, particularly in resource-poor, logistically challenging environments. | 2009 | 19728871 |
| improved molecular technique for the differentiation of neotropical anopheline species. | we evaluated a pcr-rflp of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region (its2) to distinguish species of anopheles commonly reported in the amazon and validated this method using reared f1 offspring. the following species of anopheles were used for molecular analysis: an. (nys.) benarrochi, an. (nys.) darlingi, an. (nys.) nuneztovari, an. (nys.) konderi, an. (nys.) rangeli, and an. (nys.) triannulatus sensu lato (s.l.). in addition, three species of the subgenus anopheles, an. (ano.) forat ... | 2008 | 18337348 |
| effectiveness of mosquito magnet® trap in rural areas in the southeastern tropical atlantic forest. | traps are widely employed for sampling and monitoring mosquito populations for surveillance, ecological and fauna studies. considering the importance of assessing other technologies for sampling mosquitoes, we addressed the effectiveness of mosquito magnet® independence (mmi) in comparison with those of the cdc trap with co2 and lurex3® (cdc-a) and the cdc light trap (cdc-lt). field collections were performed in a rural area within the atlantic forest biome, southeastern state of são paulo, braz ... | 2014 | 25424445 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of icemr projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies. | the unprecedented global efforts for malaria elimination in the past decade have resulted in altered vectorial systems, vector behaviors, and bionomics. these changes combined with increasingly evident heterogeneities in malaria transmission require innovative vector control strategies in addition to the established practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. integrated vector management will require focal and tailored vector control to achieve malaria elimination. ... | 2015 | 26259942 |
| evaluation of a pcr-rflp-its2 assay for discrimination of anopheles species in northern and western colombia. | anopheles mosquitoes are routinely identified using morphological characters of the female that often lead to misidentification due to interspecies similarity and intraspecies variability. the aim of this work was to evaluate the applicability of a previously developed pcr-rflp-its2 assay for accurate discrimination of anophelines in twelve localities spanning three colombian malaria epidemiological regions: atlantic coast, pacific coast, and uraba-bajo cauca-alto sinu region. the evaluation of ... | 2011 | 21345325 |
| human biting activity, spatial-temporal distribution and malaria vector role of anopheles calderoni in the southwest of colombia. | anopheles calderoni was first recognized in colombia in 2010 as this species had been misidentified as anopheles punctimacula due to morphological similarities. an. calderoni is considered a malaria vector in peru and has been found naturally infected with plasmodium falciparum in colombia. however, its biting behaviour, population dynamics and epidemiological importance have not been well described for colombia. | 2015 | 26104785 |
| evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major neotropical malaria vector in amazonian peru. | the major neotropical malaria vector, anopheles darlingi, was reintroduced into the iquitos, loreto, peru area during the early 1990s, where it displaced other anophelines and caused a major malaria epidemic. since then, case numbers in loreto have fluctuated, but annual increases have been reported since 2012. | 2015 | 26415942 |
| comparison of transmission parameters between anopheles argyritarsis and anopheles pseudopunctipennis in two ecologically different localities of bolivia. | anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis is a recognized malaria vector in the slopes of the andes of bolivia. there, other species might be involved in malaria transmission and one candidate could be anopheles argyritarsis. although it is generally admitted that this species is not a malaria vector in the neotropical region, its potential role in transmission is still controversial and this situation has to be cleared, at least for bolivia. comparing the vectorial efficiency of an. pseudopuncti ... | 2013 | 23941216 |
| implications for changes in anopheles darlingi biting behaviour in three communities in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru. | malaria transmission in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru has been designated as seasonal and hypo-endemic with recently described hyper-endemic hotspots. despite relatively recent distribution of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins), malaria in amazonian peru persists and increased substantially in 2014 compared to previous years. anopheles darlingi, identified as the main malaria vector, is known for its variable behaviour depending on locality and environment. | 2015 | 26223450 |
| population dynamics, structure and behavior of anopheles darlingi in a rural settlement in the amazon rainforest of acre, brazil. | anopheles darlingi is the major vector of malaria in south america, and its behavior and distribution has epidemiological importance to biomedical research. in brazil, an. darlingi is found in the northern area of the amazon basin, where 99.5% of the disease is reported. | 2011 | 21702964 |
| development of the bg-malaria trap as an alternative to human-landing catches for the capture of anopheles darlingi. | although the human-landing catch (hlc) method is the most effective for collecting anthropophilic anophelines, it has been increasingly abandoned, primarily for ethical considerations. the objective of the present study was to develop a new trap for the collection of anopheles darlingi . the initial trials were conducted using the bg-sentinel trap as a standard for further trap development based on colour, airflow direction and illumination. the performance of the trap was then compared with tho ... | 0 | 24037199 |
| molecular taxonomy of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) benarrochi (diptera: culicidae) and malaria epidemiology in southern amazonian peru. | anopheline specimens were collected in 2011 by human landing catch, shannon and cdc traps from the malaria endemic localities of santa rosa and san pedro in madre de dios department, peru. most specimens were either anopheles (nyssorhynchus) benarrochi b or an. (nys.) rangeli, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-internal transcribed spacer 2 (pcr-rflp-its2) and, for selected individuals, its2 sequences. a few specimens from lupuna, loreto department, n ... | 2012 | 23243107 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium vivax malaria in peru. | malaria in peru, dominated by plasmodium vivax, remains a public health problem. the 1990s saw newly epidemic malaria emerge, primarily in the loreto department in the amazon region, including areas near to iquitos, the capital city, but sporadic malaria transmission also occurred in the 1990s-2000s in both north-coastal peru and the gold mining regions of southeastern peru. although a global fund-supported intervention (pamafro, 2005-2010) was temporally associated with a decrease of malaria tr ... | 2016 | 27799639 |
| seasonal distribution of malaria vectors (diptera: culicidae) in rural localities of porto velho, rondônia, brazilian amazon. | we conducted a survey of the malaria vectors in an area where a power line had been constructed, between the municipalities of porto velho and rio branco, in the states of rondônia and acre, respectively. the present paper relates to the results of the survey of anopheles fauna conducted in the state of rondônia. mosquito field collections were performed in six villages along the federal highway br 364 in the municipality of porto velho, namely porto velho, jaci paraná, mutum paraná, vila abunã, ... | 0 | 26200969 |
| the history of 20th century malaria control in peru. | malaria has been part of peruvian life since at least the 1500s. while peru gave the world quinine, one of the first treatments for malaria, its history is pockmarked with endemic malaria and occasional epidemics. in this review, major increases in peruvian malaria incidence over the past hundred years are described, as well as the human factors that have facilitated these events, and concerted private and governmental efforts to control malaria. political support for malaria control has varied ... | 2013 | 24001096 |
| microsatellite data suggest significant population structure and differentiation within the malaria vector anopheles darlingi in central and south america. | anopheles darlingi is the most important malaria vector in the neotropics. an understanding of a. darlingi's population structure and contemporary gene flow patterns is necessary if vector populations are to be successfully controlled. we assessed population genetic structure and levels of differentiation based on 1,376 samples from 31 localities throughout the peruvian and brazilian amazon and central america using 5-8 microsatellite loci. | 2008 | 18366795 |
| identification of blood meals from potential arbovirus mosquito vectors in the peruvian amazon basin. | the transmission dynamics of many arboviruses in the amazon basin region have not been fully elucidated, including the vectors and natural reservoir hosts. identification of blood meal sources in field-caught mosquitoes could yield information for identifying potential arbovirus vertebrate hosts. we identified blood meal sources in 131 mosquitoes collected from areas endemic for arboviruses in the peruvian department of loreto by sequencing polymerase chain reaction amplicons of the cytochrome b ... | 2016 | 27621304 |
| geometric morphometrics for the taxonomy of 11 species of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) mosquitoes. | the subgenus anopheles (nyssorhynchus) (diptera: culicidae) includes the primary vectors of plasmodium spp. in colombia. most adult females of this subgenus are difficult to identify in the field using the available keys. with the objective of further investigating the discriminatory power of modern morphometrics, both landmark-based and outline-based approaches were explored using the wing venation geometry of 11 anopheles (nyssorhynchus) species. wing shape was able to separate the closest spe ... | 2015 | 25393150 |
| genetic variability among anopheles species belonging to the nyssorhynchus and anopheles subgenera in the amazon region. | isoenzymatic analyses were performed involving species of the nyssorhynchus and anopheles subgenera in order to estimate the intra and interspecies genetic variability. | 2011 | 20802941 |
| absence of knockdown mutations in pyrethroid and ddt resistant populations of the main malaria vectors in colombia. | knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized target-site insecticide resistance mechanism that is associated with ddt and pyrethroid resistance. even though insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and ddt have been reported in anopheles albimanus, anopheles benarrochi sensu lato (s.l.), anopheles darlingi, anopheles nuneztovari s.l., and anopheles pseudopunctipennis s.l. malaria vectors in latin america, there is a knowledge gap on the role that kdr resistance mechanisms play in this resista ... | 2019 | 31791331 |