| [genetics of anapheline populations. iii. electrophoretic analysis of anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) (author's transl)]. | genetic variation at 26 loci in a natural population of anopheles aquasalis has been studied by zymogram technique. average proportion of polymorphic loci is 23% (criterion i) and 34% (criterion ii). on the average 8.1% of the genome is in heterozygous condition in each individual. the degree of genetic variability varies from locus to locus. some enzymes such as ao, alpha-gpdh, 3 loci of hk, 3 loci of lap, 3 loci of mdh, got, 3 loci of odh and one locus of est (est-4), are monomorphic. of the r ... | 1979 | 531274 |
| an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria in trinidad, w.i. | an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria occurred in trinidad some 25 years after a successful eradication programme. the 'index case' was infected while visiting perdaneles, venezuela, and was responsible for the renewal of malaria transmission by indigenous anopheles aquasalis mosquitoes in icacos, trinidad, w.i. nine cases (four females and five males) of p. vivax malaria were locally transmitted in icacos. most of the cases (70%) were in the 15-24 or 25-44 year age groups. in granville/chatha ... | 1992 | 1304699 |
| a polytene chromosome study of four populations of anopheles aquasalis from venezuela. | polytene chromosome studies were undertaken to elucidate taxonomic relationships among populations of anopheles aquasalis and a. emilianus in venezuela. four collection sites were chosen: two in sucre state (santa fe and guayana) where a. aquasalis (considered to be a. emilianus by gabaldón and escalante) is presumed to be the major regional vector of plasmodium vivax; and two in areas where no malaria transmission occurs (caño rico, aragua state, and puerto cabello, carabobo state). the chromos ... | 1992 | 1618392 |
| observations on the habits and control of culex pipiens fatigans in guyana. | investigations in guyana in 1961-63 showed that wuchereria bancrofti was the only filarial parasite causing elephantiasis and that culex pipiens fatigans was the primary vector. mansonia titillans and anopheles aquasalis were found to be secondary vectors.c. p. fatigans bred primarily in pit latrines and secondarily in the clean, confined water of drums and barrels near latrines. no breeding occurred in the relatively clean open water of trenches, ditches and drains.of 21016 mosquitos collected ... | 1967 | 5300072 |
| blood-digestion kinetics of four anopheles species from trinidad, west indies. | the blood-digestion kinetics of anopheles albitarsis, an. aquasalis, an. bellator and an. homunculus were determined in the laboratory using females collected from two field sites in trinidad. anopheles aquasalis displayed the highest rate of haemolysis (giving an absorbance of 0.36 at 410 nm), followed by an. albitarsis (0.16), an. bellator (0.07) and an. homunculus (0.05). trypsin activity peaked 12-24 h after blood feeding and then declined to zero at 60 h in all four species. anopheles albit ... | 1995 | 7495367 |
| blood-engorgement kinetics of four anopheline mosquitoes from trinidad, west indies. | the blood-feeding kinetics of anopheles albitarsis, an. aquasalis, an. bellator and an. homunculus were determined under laboratory conditions using females collected from two sites in trinidad. many an. aquasalis, an. albitarsis and an. bellator completed probing within 30 s but an. homunculus averaged > 50 s. anopheles albitarsis (68.3 s), an. aquasalis (67.0 s) and an. homunculus (77.7 s) took similar times to fill their guts but an. bellator took longer (106.5 s). more than 75% of the an. al ... | 1995 | 7741595 |
| population differentiation of the malaria vector anopheles aquasalis using mitochondrial dna. | populations of the malaria vector anopheles aquasalis from venezuela, trinidad, and brazil were analyzed using restriction enzyme digestion of mitochondrial dna (mtdna). the five enzymes surveyed yielded 12 mtdna haplotypes. three restriction endonuclease profiles (bcl i, eco ri, and hind iii) differentiated the venezuelan and trinidadian a. aquasalis from two brazilian populations. estimates of mtdna sequence divergence between the venezuelan/trinidadian populations and each brazilian populatio ... | 1993 | 8101855 |
| spatial and temporal distribution of anopheline larvae in two malarious areas in sucre state, venezuela. | the spatial and temporal distribution of anopheline larvae was studied in two coastal malarious areas of sucre, state, venezuela. seven habitat types were sampled in the village of guayana and eight species of anopheles were collected. anopheles aquasalis was the predominant species collected and was most abundant in the brackish marsh habitat (71 larvae per 100 samples). it was most abundant during the rainy season. at the second location, santa fé, six habitat types were sampled and four anoph ... | 1993 | 8107599 |
| adult abundance, biting behavior and parity of anopheles aquasalis, curry 1932 in two malarious areas of sucre state, venezuela. | the principal vector of malaria in eastern venezuela, anopheles aquasalis, is exophagic and exophilic. control using indoor insecticide house sprays has failed to lower the number of malaria cases. therefore, studies were initiated in two villages of the eastern coastal state of sucre to better understand this vector's biology and develop a more integrated control program. an. aquasalis was found to have a crepuscular biting behavior with a major peak at dusk and a minor peak at dawn. mosquitos ... | 1993 | 8107600 |
| diel rhythms of oviposition and fecundity of anopheles aquasalis (diptera:culicidae) under laboratory conditions. | the oviposition patterns of anopheles aquasalis curry collected from a grass swamp in gloudon, caroni swamp, trinidad, were studied in the laboratory by recording the egg-laying performance of 30 individuals and a group of 150 females at 2-h intervals. oviposition was nocturnal, with a peak between 2400 and 0400 hours when 72% of the eggs were laid. wild-caught females engorged on human blood matured 89.8 +/- 21.3 follicles (range, 50-118). these findings provide vector control workers with the ... | 1996 | 8699468 |
| evaluation of light traps combined with carbon dioxide and 1-octen-3-ol to collect anophelines in venezuela. | a 6-month study was carried out in northcentral venezuela to evaluate the efficiency of the cdc light trap and the updraft ultraviolet (uv) light trap combined with carbon dioxide (co2) or 1-octen-3-ol (or both) and human baits to sample outdoor anopheles aquasalis and anopheles albimanus populations. the human baits caught far more mosquitoes than did any of the other trapping methods. comparing each of the trapping methods to the human bait catches, uv light trap + co2 gave a closer correspond ... | 1996 | 8723264 |
| bionomics of anopheles aquasalis curry 1932, in guaraí, state of rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil--i. seasonal distribution and parity rates. | from a total of 12,721 anophelines collected in a lowland area in guaraí, rio de janeiro, from november 1991 to october 1992, 99.7% (12,688) were anopheles aquasalis. this species occurred throughout the year, but in higher numbers from april to september, when rainfall was low or moderate. the proportion of parous females in june was significantly higher than the annual rate. an. aquasalis was weakly attracted by a light-trap, and no significant differences in abundance were detected between ni ... | 1996 | 9040843 |
| [identification of food sources of anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) by precipitin test in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil]. | anopheles aquasalis has shown local variations in blood-host preference in brazil: it seems to be anthropophilic in the northeast and zoophilic or opportunistic in the amazon and other regions. a study was carried out in guapimirim county, state of rio de janeiro, from may to november 1992, for the purpose of identifying the blood meal source of this anopheline by capillary tube precipitin test. a total of 1,366 females were captured at natural resting-places, 725 of which were blood-fed. the gu ... | 1996 | 9077010 |
| anopheles aquasalis eggs from two venezuelan localities compared by scanning electron microscopy. | anopheles (nyssorhynchus) aquasalis, is the main coastal vector of malaria from northeastern venezuela to southeastern brazil. several authors have argued that an. aquasalis is a highly polymorphic species while others indicated that it is a complex of closely related species. this investigation compared the morphology of an. aquasalis eggs from sinamaica (zulia state) and yaguaraparo (sucre state), the west and east of venezuela, respectively. we were able to separate eggs from the two localiti ... | 1997 | 9361742 |
| pathogenic action of penicillium species on mosquito vectors of human tropical diseases. | in vitro bioassays were performed in order to assess the pathogenicity of 13 penicillium strains in 2nd stage larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes fluviatilis, anopheles aquasalis and culex quinquefasciatus. mortality rates began in the first 24 hours, ranging from 0 to 100%. p. corylophilum, p. fellutanum, p. implicatum, p. janthinellum, p. viridicatum and p. waksmanii species tested on aedes aegypti larvae and at different concentrations presented mortality rates from 0 to 6.6%. these species, when ... | 1998 | 9871331 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of imported malaria cases and local transmission in trinidad. | over a 30-year period (1968-1997) 213 malaria cases in trinidad were investigated by the trinidad and tobago ministry of health. using a global positional system and a geographic information system, we mapped the precise location of all reported malaria cases, and associated them with breeding habitats of anopheline vectors. the majority of the cases (138, 63%) were individual imported cases around the big port cities. plasmodium falciparum was the most common parasite, and africa the most commo ... | 1999 | 10548282 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of malaria reinfection in northeastern venezuela. | we stratified the risk of malaria transmission (plasmodium vivax) in 35 villages along a coastal range in northeastern venezuela (51 km2) where the main vector is the mosquito anopheles aquasalis. after 20 years without local malaria transmission, reinfection of the entire area occurred from may to december 1985 by local (continuous) and jump (discontinuous) dispersal. epidemiologic, environmental, and vector variables were investigated with the aid of a geographic information system. risk facto ... | 1999 | 10586913 |
| [species of anopheles (culicidae, anophelinae) in a malaria-endemic area, maranhão, brazil]. | the study of the seasonal fluctuation, nocturnal activity, relative abundance and the richness of anopheles species in anthropic environment is essential to the understanding of the their bioecology and to the surveillance program of malaria control. | 1999 | 10689368 |
| factors associated with distribution of anopheles aquasalis and anopheles oswaldoi (diptera: culicidae) in a malarious area, northeastern venezuela. | spatial and temporal abundance patterns of anopheline larvae and their relationships with wetland conditions were studied in an endemic malaria area in northeastern venezuela, where anopheles aquasalis curry is the main vector. larvae were sampled over a 2-yr period in 7 wetland types (brackish and freshwater herbaceous swamps, mangrove swamps, freshwater ponds, clear-cut marsh forests, small irrigation canals, and swamp forests), covering 3 environmental gradients (salinity, aquatic vegetation, ... | 2000 | 10730493 |
| [finding of anophelines, subgenus nyssorhynchus, in artificial containers, brazil]. | larvae and a pupa of anophelines were found in deactivated artificial containers. anopheles argyritarsis larvae were found in an abandoned water container in pedregulho, district of ponta negra, and a anopheles aquasalis pupa was found in a container left outdoors as part of an experiment, in the district of itaipuaçu. three cases of malaria were reported in this same district in 1997. both findings of anophelines took place in a town of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2001 | 11600932 |
| identification of anopheles aquasalis as a possible vector of malaria in guyana, south america. | adult female mosquitoes were collected in mahdia, guyana, to determine the incidence of malaria in anopheles species found during the month of june 2000. centers for disease control miniature white (incandescent) light traps, model 512, and miniature black (ultraviolet) light traps, model 912, were used to capture female mosquitoes. numbers of mosquitoes collected were compared between white and black light traps and between traps set outside and inside of buildings. adult female anopheles mosqu ... | 2001 | 11993026 |
| association of cyclopoid copepods with the habitat of the malaria vector anopheles aquasalis in the peninsula of paria, venezuela. | the southern region of the paria peninsula shows a high malaria incidence. this work relates the abundances of cyclopoid species and the malaria vector anopheles aquasalis to certain abiotic parameters and vegetation features. samples were collected over a 4-month period in several habitats, including marsh, irrigation channel, lagoon, and mangrove swamp during the wet season and the wet-dry transition. dominant plant species in the marsh were typha dominguensis and eleocharis mutata. mesocyclop ... | 2002 | 11998930 |
| evaluation of the amazon river delta as a barrier to gene flow for the regional malaria vector, anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) in northeastern brazil. | the neotropical malaria vector anopheles aquasalis curry is distributed predominantly along the atlantic and pacific coasts because of its tolerance for breeding in salt water. we tested the hypothesis that the freshwater amazon river acts as a barrier to gene flow in northeastern brazil, by examining variation at a 588-nucleotide fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase igene from five populations. we identified 15 haplotypes of which 5 were shared both (1) between sample localities and ... | 2002 | 12495184 |
| [new species of parathelohania (microsporidia) in larva of the anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) in venezuela]. | the symptoms of anopheles aquasalis larvae naturally infected by a microsporidium, and the ultrastructure of the infecting spores is described. the larvae were maintained under laboratory conditions in salt concentrations of 10 g/l and 20 g/l of water. daily recordings of the mortality of the larvae were made and the dates of change of instar were noted. infected larvae were processed for transmission electronic microscopy using conventional methods at ph 7.2 and 260 mosm/l. the infection by the ... | 2002 | 12947588 |
| susceptibility tests in trinidad with anopheles aquasalis curry, aedes aegypti (l.) and culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann, using the standard who mosquito adult test kit. | malaria, yellow fever and filariasis eradication programmes in many parts of the world have in recent years become largely dependent on the use of ddt, dieldrin, gamma-bhc and organophosphorus insecticides. it is of vital importance for the success of such programmes, often costly when undertaken on a nation-wide basis, that the insecticides being used are effective against the vectors of these diseases.during 1958 and 1959, susceptibility tests carried out in trinidad using the standard world h ... | 1961 | 13730936 |
| two digestive trypsins occur in three species of neotropical anophelines. | trypsin activity increases in the midgut of anopheles aquasalis, anopheles albitarsis, and anopheles darlingi after a bloodmeal. the activity returns to basal levels at the time the blood is completely digested. affinity chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) were used to sequentially purify the mosquito trypsins found in the midguts at 24 h after feeding. aminoterminal sequencing of t ... | 2003 | 14765682 |
| [epidemiological aspects of a malaria focus in the districts of são luis, ma]. | the study was developed in the neighborhood of residencial paraíso, são luis, maranhão, brazil, from 1999 to 2001. the aim was to analyze the epidemiological aspects of malaria. the location is receptive and vulnerable to malaria. there were 129 cases. men from 20 to 29 years of age were most involved. plasmodium vivax was the agent of all cases and anopheles aquasalis was the vector. there was no evidence of transmission occurring outside of the houses. | 2005 | 15895185 |
| intragenomic heterogeneity of internal transcribed spacer rdna in neotropical malaria vector anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae). | intragenomic heterogeneity of the internal transcribed spacer (its) array was investigated in anopheles aquasalis curry mosquitoes from two geographic locations in each of brazil and venezuela, and one in suriname. polymerase chain reaction-amplified copies of the its were cloned and sequenced. the length of the entire array ranged from 782 to 990 bp, with most variation due to microsatellite insertions in its1. we detected 40 different itsl sequences and 15 different its2 sequences of the 71 to ... | 2005 | 16365998 |
| laboratory colonization of anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) in belém, pará, brazil. | anopheles aquasalis curry, a coastal malaria vector with a neotropical distribution, was collected from belém, pará state, brazil, and 500 adults per cage were maintained at the instituto evandro chagas insectary at 26 -30 degrees c and 80 -90% rh, where they fed on a 10% domestic sugar solution and blood from white mice. oviposition of the parental generation (p) occurred in fresh water in dark cups introduced into mosquito cages. after eclosion, 100 larvae per pan were reared in artesian well ... | 2006 | 16506455 |
| susceptibility of anopheles aquasalis and an. darlingi to plasmodium vivax vk210 and vk247. | the susceptibility of anopheles aquasalis (f3 generation) and an. darlingi (f1 generation) to plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes from a limited number of blood samples of malaria patients in belém, state of pará, brazil, was examined a polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the p. vivax phenotypes in blood samples and the blood-fed infected mosquitoes were dissected and tested by elisa. in all patient infections, more infected an. aquasalis and an. darlingi were positi ... | 2006 | 17072460 |
| comparison of two commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) at three salt concentrations. | anopheles aquasalis larvae are salt water tolerant, preferring concentrations between 10 and 20 parts per thousand (ppt). the larvicidal efficacy of two formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac-12as and bactivec), was investigated against an. aquasalis at salinities of 0, 10, and 20 ppt. a probit analysis was used to calculate the lethal concentrations (lc50 and lc95) for each product at each salinity. the lc50 and lc95 were higher for bactivec than vectobac-12as, and fo ... | 2007 | 17294002 |
| habitat suitability mapping of anopheles darlingi in the surroundings of the manso hydropower plant reservoir, mato grosso, central brazil. | hydropower plants provide more than 78 % of brazil's electricity generation, but the country's reservoirs are potential new habitats for main vectors of malaria. in a case study in the surroundings of the manso hydropower plant in mato grosso state, central brazil, habitat suitability of anopheles darlingi was studied. habitat profile was characterized by collecting environmental data. remote sensing and gis techniques were applied to extract additional spatial layers of land use, distance maps, ... | 2007 | 17343728 |
| spatial distribution and habitat characterisation of anopheles larvae along the kenyan coast. | a study was conducted to characterise larval habitats and to determine spatial heterogeneity of the anopheles mosquito larvae. the study was conducted from may to june 1999 in nine villages along the kenyan coast. | 2007 | 17378216 |
| sugar digestion in mosquitoes: identification and characterization of three midgut alpha-glucosidases of the neo-tropical malaria vector anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae). | dietary carbohydrates provide an important source of energy for flight, and contribute to longevity and fecundity of mosquitoes. the most common sugar mosquitoes ingest is sucrose, and digestion of this substance is carried out mainly by alpha-glucosidases. in the current work, we tested the efficiency of sucrose on anopheles aquasalis female diet. the best longevity (days) was reached when sugar was available in the diet, whereas most only blood fed females were dead 6 days after emergence. thr ... | 2007 | 17449310 |
| constant temperature and time period effects on anopheles gambiae egg hatching. | anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto (diptera: culicidae) egg development and its relation to environmental parameters is an understudied aspect of vector biology. although several studies have illustrated the dramatic effects of temperature on egg development, egg hatching dynamics remain unclear. the objective of this study was to expose an. gambiae eggs to various temperatures for different lengths of time and determine the impact on egg development and hatching count. batches of mosquito eg ... | 2007 | 17847843 |
| morphological analysis of three populations of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari gabaldón (diptera: culicidae) from colombia. | based on the results of comparative analyses of 1,039 specimens of several progenies of anopheles nuneztovarifrom three localities in colombia, eight costal wing spot patterns were observed. patterns i and iii were the most frequent: 77.96% and 11.36%, respectively. using the diagnostic characters ratio of the length of the basal dark area of hind tarsomere ii/length of hind tarsomere ii, ratio of the length of the humeral pale spot/length of the pre-humeral dark spot, and the ratio of the lengt ... | 2008 | 18368239 |
| species composition and distribution of adult anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in panama. | anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species composition and distribution were studied using human landing catch data over a 35-yr period in panama. mosquitoes were collected from 77 sites during 228 field trips carried out by members of the national malaria eradication service. fourteen anopheles species were identified. the highest average human biting rates were recorded from anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albimanus (wiedemann) (9.8 bites/person/night) and anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula (dyar and kn ... | 2008 | 18826025 |
| malaria transmission in two localities in north-western argentina. | malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases that affects people globally. the influence of environmental conditions in the patterns of temporal distribution of malaria vectors and the disease has been studied in different countries. in the present study, ecological aspects of the malaria vector anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis and their relationship with climatic variables, as well as the seasonality of malaria cases, were studied in two localities, el oculto and aguas blancas ... | 2009 | 19152707 |
| use of geoprocessing to define malaria risk areas and evaluation of the vectorial importance of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in espírito santo, brazil. | in brazil, introduced malaria occurs from the flat to the sloping hot areas, predominantly outside the amazon region, where endemic malaria has occurred in the past. this is a consequence of human migrations to other brazilian states, including the state of espírito santo (es). the objective of this study was to use geoprocessing to define the areas at risk of introduced malaria transmission and evaluate the vectorial importance of species of anophelines in es. anophelines were sampled from 1997 ... | 2009 | 19722078 |
| disentangling the effect of local and global spatial variation on a mosquito-borne infection in a neotropical heterogeneous environment. | mosquito-borne pathogen transmission exhibits spatial-temporal variability caused by ecological interactions acting at different scales. we used local spatial statistics and geographically weighted regression (gwr) to determine the spatial pattern of malaria incidence and persistence in northeastern venezuela. seven to 11 hot spots of malaria transmission were detected by using local spatial statistics, although disease persistence was explained only for four of those hot spots. the gwr models g ... | 2010 | 20133991 |
| anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western nyanza province, kenya. | high coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets in asembo and low coverage in seme, two adjacent communities in western nyanza province, kenya; followed by expanded coverage of bed nets in seme, as the kenya national malaria programme rolled out; provided a natural experiment for quantification of changes in relative abundance of two primary malaria vectors in this holoendemic region. both belong to the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species complex, namely a. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and ... | 2010 | 20187956 |
| anopheles aquasalis infected by plasmodium vivax displays unique gene expression profiles when compared to other malaria vectors and plasmodia. | malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and is endemic in 22 countries in the americas where transmission occurs mainly in the amazon region. most malaria cases in the americas are caused by plasmodium vivax, a parasite that is almost impossible to cultivate in vitro, and anopheles aquasalis is an important malaria vector. understanding the interactions between this vector and its parasite will provide important information for development of disease control strategies. to this e ... | 2010 | 20339545 |
| [metabolic resistance to organophosphate insecticides in anopheles aquasalis curry 1932, libertador municipality, sucre state, venezuela]. | a study of insecticide resistance was undertaken at focal level in the localities catuaro, guayana, platanito and rio de agua, libertador county, sucre state, venezuela, a region with malaria transmission, where anopheles aquasalis is the main vector. | 2009 | 20440459 |
| trypsin-like serine proteases in lutzomyia longipalpis--expression, activity and possible modulation by leishmania infantum chagasi. | midgut enzymatic activity is one of the obstacles that leishmania must surpass to succeed in establishing infection. trypsins are abundant digestive enzymes in most insects. we have previously described two trypsin cdnas of l. longipalpis: one (lltryp1) with a bloodmeal induced transcription pattern, the other (lltryp2) with a constitutive transcription pattern. we have now characterized the expression and activity of trypsin-like proteases of lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral l ... | 2010 | 20502532 |
| [larval seasonality of the mosquito anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) and other insects associated to its habitat in sucre, venezuela]. | anopheles aquasalis curry is considered the main vector of human malaria in northern venezuela. a longitudinal study was carried out in the coastal areas of the paria peninsula, sucre state. the larval habitats of a. aquasalis were classified as: 1--brackish mangrove, and 2--freshwater herbaceous swamp. field surveys of mosquito larvae and aquatic insects were carried out in the same breeding sites over a one-year period, between january and december 1999. at each site, 30 samples of anopheles l ... | 2010 | 20527475 |
| salivary polytene chromosome map of anopheles darlingi, the main vector of neotropical malaria. | new photomap of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) darlingi root, 1926, is described for a population from guajará-mirim, state of rondonia, brazil. the number of sections in the previous a. darlingi reference map was maintained and new subsections were added to the five chromosome arms. breakage points of paracentric inversions had been previously incorporated into the photomap of this species. an additional inversion is reported, called 3lc, totaling 14 inversions in the a. darlingi chromosome arms. th ... | 2010 | 20682862 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 20712879 |
| identification of a fibrinogen-related protein (fbn9) gene in neotropical anopheline mosquitoes. | malaria has a devastating impact on worldwide public health in many tropical areas. studies on vector immunity are important for the overall understanding of the parasite-vector interaction and for the design of novel strategies to control malaria. a member of the fibrinogen-related protein family, fbn9, has been well studied in anopheles gambiae and has been shown to be an important component of the mosquito immune system. however, little is known about this gene in neotropical anopheline speci ... | 2011 | 21288344 |
| carbon dioxide baited trap catches do not correlate with human landing collections of anopheles aquasalis in suriname. | three types of carbon dioxide-baited traps, i.e., the centers for disease control miniature light trap without light, the biogents (bg) sentinel mosquito trap (bg-sentinel) and the mosquito magnet® liberty plus were compared with human landing collections in their efficiency in collecting anopheles (nyssorhynchus) aquasalis mosquitoes. of 13,549 total mosquitoes collected, 1,019 (7.52%) were an. aquasalis. large numbers of culex spp were also collected, in particular with the (bg-sentinel). the ... | 2011 | 21655826 |
| the jak-stat pathway controls plasmodium vivax load in early stages of anopheles aquasalis infection. | malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and 450,000 in brazil. in coastal areas of brazil, the main malaria vector is anopheles aquasalis, and plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the americas. insects possess a powerful immune system to combat infections. three pathways control the insect immune response: toll, imd, and jak-stat. here we analyze the immune role of the a. aquasalis jak-stat pathway after p. vivax infection. three genes, the transcr ... | 2011 | 22069502 |
| ecology of anopheles darlingi root with respect to vector importance: a review. | anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the americas. in this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. this paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of an. darlingi. it reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the ... | 2011 | 21923902 |
| the plasmodium bottleneck: malaria parasite losses in the mosquito vector. | nearly one million people are killed every year by the malaria parasite plasmodium. although the disease-causing forms of the parasite exist only in the human blood, mosquitoes of the genus anopheles are the obligate vector for transmission. here, we review the parasite life cycle in the vector and highlight the human and mosquito contributions that limit malaria parasite development in the mosquito host. we address parasite killing in its mosquito host and bottlenecks in parasite numbers that m ... | 2014 | 25185005 |
| are reactive oxygen species always detrimental to pathogens? | reactive oxygen species (ros) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ros can kill pathogens directly by causing oxidative damage to biocompounds or indirectly by stimulating pathogen elimination by various nonoxidative mechanisms, including pattern recognition receptors signaling, autophagy, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and t-lymphocyte responses. thus, one should expect that the inhibition of ros production promo ... | 2014 | 23992156 |
| characteristics of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) rrna genes of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera): structure, organization, and retrotransposable elements. | as an accompanying manuscript to the release of the honey bee genome, we report the entire sequence of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene sequences (rdna) and related internally and externally transcribed spacer regions of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera: apocrita). additionally, we predict secondary structures for the mature rrna molecules based on comparative sequence analyses with other arthropod taxa and reference to re ... | 2006 | 17069639 |
| metagenomics, paratransgenesis and the anopheles microbiome: a portrait of the geographical distribution of the anopheline microbiota based on a meta-analysis of reported taxa. | anophelines harbour a diverse microbial consortium that may represent an extended gene pool for the host. the proposed effects of the insect microbiota span physiological, metabolic and immune processes. here we synthesise how current metagenomic tools combined with classical culture-dependent techniques provide new insights in the elucidation of the role of the anopheles-associated microbiota. many proposed malaria control strategies have been based upon the immunomodulating effects that the ba ... | 2014 | 25185007 |
| the roles of serpins in mosquito immunology and physiology. | in vector-borne diseases, the complex interplay between pathogen and its vector's immune system determines the outcome of infection and therefore disease transmission. serpins have been shown in many animals to be key regulators of innate immune reactions. their control over regulatory proteolytic cascades ultimately decides whether the recognition of a pathogen will lead to an appropriate immune response. in mosquitoes, serpins (srpns) regulate the activation of prophenoloxidase and thus melani ... | 2012 | 22960307 |
| molecular detection of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from coastal ecosystems in the colombian caribbean. | arboviruses belonging to the genera flavivirus and alphavirus were detected in mosquitoes in a rural area of san bernardo del viento (córdoba, colombia). a total of 22,180 mosquitoes were collected, sorted into 2,102 pools, and tested by generic/nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and culex flavivirus were detected and identified by sequencing. the detection ... | 2016 | 27706377 |
| effectiveness of mosquito magnet® trap in rural areas in the southeastern tropical atlantic forest. | traps are widely employed for sampling and monitoring mosquito populations for surveillance, ecological and fauna studies. considering the importance of assessing other technologies for sampling mosquitoes, we addressed the effectiveness of mosquito magnet® independence (mmi) in comparison with those of the cdc trap with co2 and lurex3® (cdc-a) and the cdc light trap (cdc-lt). field collections were performed in a rural area within the atlantic forest biome, southeastern state of são paulo, braz ... | 2014 | 25424445 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| molecular identification of saint louis encephalitis virus genotype iv in colombia. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a member of the japanese-encephalitis virus serocomplex of the genus flavivirus. slev is broadly distributed in the americas and the caribbean islands, where it is usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus culex and primarily to birds and mammalian-hosts. humans are occasionally infected by the virus and are dead-end hosts. slev causes encephalitis in temperate regions, while in tropical regions of the americas, several human cases and a wide biologi ... | 2015 | 26313538 |
| salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of jaffna, sri lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis to aedes aegypti larvae. | dengue, chikungunya, malaria, filariasis and japanese encephalitis are common mosquito-borne diseases endemic to sri lanka. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, were recently shown to undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water bodies in the island. a limited survey of selected coastal localities of the jaffna district in northern sri lanka was carried out to identify mosquito species undergoing pre-imaginal development in brackish and saline waters. the effect ... | 2012 | 23174003 |
| unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster. | arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate. | 2016 | 26911930 |
| glytube: a conical tube and parafilm m-based method as a simplified device to artificially blood-feed the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue virus, requires a blood meal to produce eggs. although live animals are still the main blood source for laboratory colonies, many artificial feeders are available. these feeders are also the best method for experimental oral infection of ae. aegypti with dengue viruses. however, most of them are expensive or laborious to construct. based on principle of rutledge-type feeder, a conventional conical tube, glycerol and parafilm-m were used to develop a simpl ... | 2013 | 23342010 |
| key knowledge gaps for plasmodium vivax control and elimination. | there is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. during the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. in addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. research on vivax malaria ... | 2016 | 27430544 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| a global map of dominant malaria vectors. | global maps, in particular those based on vector distributions, have long been used to help visualise the global extent of malaria. few, however, have been created with the support of a comprehensive and extensive evidence-based approach. | 2012 | 22475528 |
| establishment of the ivermectin research for malaria elimination network: updating the research agenda. | the potential use of ivermectin as an additional vector control tool is receiving increased attention from the malaria elimination community, driven by the increased importance of outdoor/residual malaria transmission and the threat of insecticide resistance where vector tools have been scaled-up. this report summarizes the emerging evidence presented at a side meeting on "ivermectin for malaria elimination: current status and future directions" at the annual meeting of the american society of t ... | 2015 | 26068560 |
| evaluation of a pcr-rflp-its2 assay for discrimination of anopheles species in northern and western colombia. | anopheles mosquitoes are routinely identified using morphological characters of the female that often lead to misidentification due to interspecies similarity and intraspecies variability. the aim of this work was to evaluate the applicability of a previously developed pcr-rflp-its2 assay for accurate discrimination of anophelines in twelve localities spanning three colombian malaria epidemiological regions: atlantic coast, pacific coast, and uraba-bajo cauca-alto sinu region. the evaluation of ... | 2011 | 21345325 |
| anopheles species composition explains differences in plasmodium transmission in la guajira, northern colombia. | malaria in la guajira, the most northern state of colombia, shows two different epidemiological patterns. malaria is endemic in the municipality of dibulla whereas in riohacha it is characterised by sporadic outbreaks. this study aimed to establish whether differences in transmission patterns could be attributed to different vector species. the most abundant adult female species were anopheles aquasalis, exclusive to riohacha, and anopheles darlingi, restricted to dibulla. anopheles mosquitoes w ... | 0 | 25411002 |
| malaria in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, an atlantic forest area: an assessment using the health surveillance service. | the lethality of malaria in the extra-amazonian region is more than 70 times higher than in amazonia itself. recently, several studies have shown that autochthonous malaria is not a rare event in the brazilian southeastern states in the atlantic forest biome. information about autochthonous malaria in the state of rio de janeiro (rj) is scarce. this study aims to assess malaria cases reported to the health surveillance system of the state of rio de janeiro between 2000-2010. an average of 90 cas ... | 2014 | 25185004 |
| new classification of natural breeding habitats for neotropical anophelines in the yanomami indian reserve, amazon region, brazil and a new larval sampling methodology. | here we present the first in a series of articles about the ecology of immature stages of anophelines in the brazilian yanomami area. we propose a new larval habitat classification and a new larval sampling methodology. we also report some preliminary results illustrating the applicability of the methodology based on data collected in the brazilian amazon rainforest in a longitudinal study of two remote yanomami communities, parafuri and toototobi. in these areas, we mapped and classified 112 na ... | 0 | 26517655 |
| an overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of amazon anopheles vectors. | in the americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the amazon forest, which extends across nine countries. one keystone step to understanding the plasmodium life cycle in anopheles species from the amazon region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. several attempts to colonise anopheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. in this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the ... | 2015 | 25742262 |
| proteomic profile of the bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole. | benzothiazole, a microbial secondary metabolite, has been demonstrated to possess fumigant activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ditylenchus destructor and bradysia odoriphaga. however, to facilitate the development of novel microbial pesticides, the mode of action of benzothiazole needs to be elucidated. here, we employed itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the effects of benzothiazole on the proteomic expression of b. odoriphaga. in response to benzothiazole, 92 of ... | 2016 | 27883048 |
| filling gaps on ivermectin knowledge: effects on the survival and reproduction of anopheles aquasalis, a latin american malaria vector. | strategies designed to advance towards malaria elimination rely on the detection and treatment of infections, rather than fever, and the interruption of malaria transmission between mosquitoes and humans. mass drug administration with anti-malarials directed at eliminating parasites in blood, either to entire populations or targeting only those with malaria infections, are considered useful strategies to progress towards malaria elimination, but may be insufficient if applied on their own. these ... | 2016 | 27660149 |
| population genetics of anopheles coluzzii immune pathways and genes. | natural selection is expected to drive adaptive evolution in genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. in this study, we use molecular population genetic analyses to understand how natural selection operates on the immune system of anopheles coluzzii (formerly a. gambiae "m form"). we analyzed patterns of intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation in 20 immune-related genes and 17 nonimmune genes from a wild population of a. coluzzii and asked if patterns of genetic variation in the i ... | 2014 | 25552603 |
| entomological surveillance of behavioural resilience and resistance in residual malaria vector populations. | the most potent malaria vectors rely heavily upon human blood so they are vulnerable to attack with insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) within houses. mosquito taxa that can avoid feeding or resting indoors, or by obtaining blood from animals, mediate a growing proportion of the dwindling transmission that persists as itns and irs are scaled up. | 2013 | 23577656 |
| contribution of fish farming ponds to the production of immature anopheles spp. in a malaria-endemic amazonian town. | in the past decade fish farming has become an important economic activity in the occidental brazilian amazon, where the number of new fish farms is rapidly increasing. one of the primary concerns with this phenomenon is the contribution of fishponds to the maintenance and increase of the anopheline mosquito population, and the subsequent increase in human malaria burden. this study reports the results of a 2-year anopheline abundance survey in fishponds and natural water bodies in a malaria-ende ... | 2015 | 26573145 |
| is there an efficient trap or collection method for sampling anopheles darlingi and other malaria vectors that can describe the essential parameters affecting transmission dynamics as effectively as human landing catches? - a review. | distribution, abundance, feeding behaviour, host preference, parity status and human-biting and infection rates are among the medical entomological parameters evaluated when determining the vector capacity of mosquito species. to evaluate these parameters, mosquitoes must be collected using an appropriate method. malaria is primarily transmitted by anthropophilic and synanthropic anophelines. thus, collection methods must result in the identification of the anthropophilic species and efficiently ... | 0 | 25185008 |
| prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in latin america. | with malaria control in latin america firmly established in most countries and a growing number of these countries in the pre-elimination phase, malaria elimination appears feasible. a review of the literature indicates that malaria elimination in this region will be difficult without locally tailored strategies for vector control, which depend on more research on vector ecology, genetics and behavioural responses to environmental changes, such as those caused by land cover alterations, and huma ... | 2015 | 26694047 |
| characterization of a recent malaria outbreak in the autonomous indigenous region of guna yala, panama. | this study aims to describe the epidemiological and entomological factors associated with a recent malaria outbreak that occurred in 2012 in a socially marginalized population from guna yala comarca in panama. | 2015 | 26578076 |
| comparison of two adult mosquito sampling methods with human landing catches in south-central ethiopia. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the standard reference method for measuring human exposure to mosquito bites. however, hlc is labour-intensive, exposes collectors to infectious mosquito bites and is subjected to collector bias. these necessitate local calibration and application of alternative methods. this study was undertaken to determine the relative sampling efficiency (rse) of light traps with or without yeast-produced carbon dioxide bait vs. hlc in south-central ethiopia. | 2017 | 28086776 |
| alpha-glucosidase promotes hemozoin formation in a blood-sucking bug: an evolutionary history. | hematophagous insects digest large amounts of host hemoglobin and release heme inside their guts. in rhodnius prolixus, hemoglobin-derived heme is detoxified by biomineralization, forming hemozoin (hz). recently, the involvement of the r. prolixus perimicrovillar membranes in hz formation was demonstrated. | 2009 | 19742319 |
| experimental plasmodium vivax infection of key anopheles species from the brazilian amazon. | anopheles darlingi is the major malaria vector in countries located in the amazon region. anopheles aquasalis and anopheles albitarsis s.l. are also proven vectors in this region. anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and anopheles triannulatus s.l. were found infected with plasmodium vivax; however, their status as vectors is not yet well defined. knowledge of susceptibility of amazon anopheline populations to plasmodium infection is necessary to better understand their vector capacity. laboratory coloniz ... | 2013 | 24359307 |
| population dynamics, structure and behavior of anopheles darlingi in a rural settlement in the amazon rainforest of acre, brazil. | anopheles darlingi is the major vector of malaria in south america, and its behavior and distribution has epidemiological importance to biomedical research. in brazil, an. darlingi is found in the northern area of the amazon basin, where 99.5% of the disease is reported. | 2011 | 21702964 |
| effects of drying eggs and egg storage on hatchability and development of anopheles arabiensis. | the mass rearing of insects requires a large colony from which individuals can be harvested for sterilization and release. attention is given to larval food requirements and to handling and rearing conditions to ensure predictability and synchrony of development. maximizing production requires optimized adult holding to ensure mating success, blood feeding and oviposition. appropriate egg storage and harvesting is necessary to compensate any unpredicted reduction in egg production. | 2013 | 24028497 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (n67) is a robust animal model to study malaria transmission by south american anopheline mosquitoes. | malaria is endemic in the american continent and the amazonian rainforest is the region with the highest risk of transmission. however, the lack of suitable experimental models to infect malaria vectors from the americas has limited the progress to understand the biology of transmission in this region. anopheles aquasalis, a major vector in coastal areas of south america, was found to be highly refractory to infection with two strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 and 7g8) and with plasmodium b ... | 2016 | 27911924 |
| the role of reactive oxygen species in anopheles aquasalis response to plasmodium vivax infection. | malaria affects millions of people worldwide and hundreds of thousands of people each year in brazil. the mosquito anopheles aquasalis is an important vector of plasmodium vivax, the main human malaria parasite in the americas. reactive oxygen species (ros) have been shown to have a role in insect innate immune responses as a potent pathogen-killing agent. we investigated the mechanisms of free radicals modulation after a. aquasalis infection with p. vivax. ros metabolism was evaluated in the ve ... | 2013 | 23441231 |
| larval anopheline mosquito recta exhibit a dramatic change in localization patterns of ion transport proteins in response to shifting salinity: a comparison between anopheline and culicine larvae. | mosquito larvae live in dynamic aqueous environments, which can fluctuate drastically in salinity due to environmental events such as rainfall and evaporation. larval survival depends upon the ability to regulate hemolymph osmolarity by absorbing and excreting ions. a major organ involved in ion regulation is the rectum, the last region for modification of the primary urine before excretion. the ultrastructure and function of culicine larval recta have been studied extensively; however, very lit ... | 0 | 18805805 |
| embryonic desiccation resistance in aedes aegypti: presumptive role of the chitinized serosal cuticle. | one of the major problems concerning dengue transmission is that embryos of its main vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti, resist desiccation, surviving several months under dry conditions. the serosal cuticle (sc) contributes to mosquito egg desiccation resistance, but the kinetics of sc secretion during embryogenesis is unknown. it has been argued that mosquito sc contains chitin as one of its components, however conclusive evidence is still missing. | 2008 | 18789161 |
| the remarkable journey of adaptation of the plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite to new world anopheline mosquitoes. | plasmodium falciparum originated in africa, dispersed around the world as a result of human migration and had to adapt to several different indigenous anopheline mosquitoes. anophelines from the new world are evolutionary distant form african ones and this probably resulted in a more stringent selection of plasmodium as it adapted to these vectors. it is thought that plasmodium has been genetically selected by some anopheline species through unknown mechanisms. the mosquito immune system can gre ... | 0 | 25185006 |
| effects of aedes aegypti salivary components on dendritic cell and lymphocyte biology. | saliva is a key element of interaction between hematophagous mosquitoes and their vertebrate hosts. in addition to allowing a successful blood meal by neutralizing or delaying hemostatic responses, the salivary cocktail is also able to modulate the effector mechanisms of host immune responses facilitating, in turn, the transmission of several types of microorganisms. understanding how the mosquito uses its salivary components to circumvent host immunity might help to clarify the mechanisms of tr ... | 2013 | 24238038 |
| general properties and phylogenetic utilities of nuclear ribosomal dna and mitochondrial dna commonly used in molecular systematics. | to choose one or more appropriate molecular markers or gene regions for resolving a particular systematic question among the organisms at a certain categorical level is still a very difficult process. the primary goal of this review, therefore, is to provide a theoretical information in choosing one or more molecular markers or gene regions by illustrating general properties and phylogenetic utilities of nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) that have been most commonly used ... | 0 | 10634037 |
| anopheles fauna of coastal cayenne, french guiana: modelling and mapping of species presence using remotely sensed land cover data. | little is known about the anopheles species of the coastal areas of french guiana, or their spatiotemporal distribution or environmental determinants. the present study aimed to (1) document the distribution of anopheles fauna in the coastal area around cayenne, and (2) investigate the use of remotely sensed land cover data as proxies of anopheles presence. to characterise the anopheles fauna, we combined the findings of two entomological surveys that were conducted during the period 2007-2009 a ... | 2016 | 27982304 |
| species-specific escape of plasmodium sporozoites from oocysts of avian, rodent, and human malarial parasites. | malaria is transmitted when an infected mosquito delivers plasmodium sporozoites into a vertebrate host. there are many species of plasmodium and, in general, the infection is host-specific. for example, plasmodium gallinaceum is an avian parasite, while plasmodium berghei infects mice. these two parasites have been extensively used as experimental models of malaria transmission. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the most important agents of human malaria, a life-threatening disease ... | 2016 | 27480269 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of malaria in extra-amazonian regions of brazil. | mosquitoes, plasmodium parasites, and humans live in sympatry in some extra-amazonian regions of brazil. recent migrations of people from amazonia and other countries to extra-amazonian regions have led to many malaria outbreaks. lack of relevant expertise among health professionals in non-endemic areas can lead to a neglect of the disease, which can be dangerous given its high fatality rate. therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal epidemiology of malaria is essential for developing st ... | 2015 | 26466889 |
| purification methodology for viable and infective plasmodium vivax gametocytes that is compatible with transmission-blocking assays. | significant progress toward the control of malaria has been achieved, especially regarding plasmodium falciparum infections. however, the unique biology of plasmodium vivax hampers current control strategies. the early appearance of p. vivax gametocytes in the peripheral blood and the impossibility of culturing this parasite are major drawbacks. using blood samples from 40 p. vivax-infected patients, we describe here a methodology to purify viable gametocytes and further infect anophelines. this ... | 2015 | 26239989 |
| a historical perspective on malaria control in brazil. | malaria has always been an important public health problem in brazil. the early history of brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by europeans and the forced relocation of africans as slaves. internal migration brought malaria to many regions in brazil where, given suitable anopheles mosquito vectors, it thrived. almost from the start, officials recognised the problem malaria presented to economic development, but early control efforts were hampered by still developing pub ... | 0 | 26517649 |
| establishment of a free-mating, long-standing and highly productive laboratory colony of anopheles darlingi from the peruvian amazon. | anopheles darlingi is the main malaria vector in the amazon region and is among the most efficient malaria vectors worldwide. however, due to the lack of a well-established laboratory colony, key control-relevant aspects of the bionomics, behaviour, genetics, and vector-parasite relationships of an. darlingi remain unknown. here, biological parameters that had been successful in initiating other anopheles colonies were optimized and improved for an. darlingi, with the aim of establish a free-mat ... | 2015 | 26024853 |
| expression of active trypsin-like serine peptidases in the midgut of sugar-feeding female anopheles aquasalis. | anopheles aquasalis is a dipteran of the family culicidae that is widely distributed in the coastal regions of south and central america. this species acts as a vector of plasmodium vivax, an important etiological agent of malaria, which represents a serious public health problem. in mosquitoes, trypsin-like serine proteases are important in blood meal digestion, immune responses and reproductive functions. the study of peptidases expressed in the mosquito midgut is essential to understanding th ... | 2015 | 26021986 |