| the histopathology of enterovirus infections of new-born mice. | for 32 years we have provided a routine histopathological service on animals for the regional virus laboratory, ruchill hospital, glasgow. this article concerns mainly experimental coxsackievirus a, coxsackievirus b and echovirus infections in new-born mice. in addition to previously reported findings, we have sometimes observed degenerative and inflammatory changes in neurons related to the gasserian, posterior root or autonomic ganglia. not all deposits of brown fat are simultaneously the seat ... | 1987 | 2822811 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of coxsackievirus a10 isolated in japan. | eight coxsackievirus a10 strains isolated in 1978 and in 1981 and 1982 from patients with hand, foot-and-mouth disease and with herpangina at a dispensary in matsue city were compared by rna fingerprinting techniques. the oligonucleotide maps of the four 1978 isolates were related to each other by 85 to 93% with respect to their large t1 oligonucleotides. in contrast, the oligonucleotide maps of the four 1981 and 1982 isolates were very different from each other. co-electrophoresis experiments r ... | 1985 | 2999309 |
| non-polio enterovirus isolation among families in ulaanbaatar and tov province, mongolia: prevalence, intrafamilial spread, and risk factors for infection. | studies of non-polio enterovirus prevalence and transmissibility in developing countries are limited and few studies have investigated specific risk factors for infection. an epidemiological survey of non-polio enterovirus among families in mongolia was conducted in the late summer of 2003. stools of 122 healthy persons were collected weekly for 5 weeks. eight serotypes of non-polio enteroviruses (echovirus 30, 33, 12, 25, coxsackievirus a10, a2, a4, a24) were isolated from 62 persons, with an o ... | 2005 | 16274512 |
| [etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in guangzhou in 2008]. | to understand the etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in guangzhou area in 2008. | 2010 | 20426938 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of enteroviruses in cyprus, 2003-2007. | human enteroviruses (hevs) are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. even though usually associated with non-specific febrile illness, they are the most common cause of viral meningitis, pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. rapid detection and identification of hev serotypes, in clinical specimens is important in appropriate patients management and epidemiological investigation. a 5-year study (2003-2007) of clinical specimens from patients with vira ... | 2011 | 21596905 |
| ev-a71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control hfmd and other severe diseases. | enteroviruses (evs) are the most common viral agents in humans. although most infections are mild or asymptomatic, there is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that may be caused by ev infections with varying degrees of severity. among these viruses, ev-a71 and coxsackievirus (cv) cv-a16 from group a evs attract the most attention because they are responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). other ev-a viruses such as cv-a6 and cv-a10 were also reported to cause hfmd outbreaks in ... | 2016 | 27436364 |
| hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd): emerging epidemiology and the need for a vaccine strategy. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is a contagious viral disease and mainly affects infants and young children. the main manifestations are fever, vesicular rashes on hand, feet and buttocks and ulcers in the oral mucosa. usually, hfmd is self-limiting, but a small proportion of children may experience severe complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and neurorespiratory syndrome. historically, outbreaks of hfmd were mainly caused by two enteroviruses: the coxsack ... | 2016 | 27406374 |
| [molecular epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease associated pathogen coxsackievirus a10 identified in fujian province, 2011-2014]. | to study the molecular epidemiology of hand-foot-mounth disease (hfmd) associated coxsackievirus a10 (cox a10) identified in fujian province. | 2016 | 27087227 |
| is a multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine feasible? | enterovirus a infections are the primary cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in infants and young children. although enterovirus 71 (ev-a71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) are the predominant causes of hfmd epidemics worldwide, ev-a71 has emerged as a major neurovirulent virus responsible for severe neurological complications and fatal outcomes. hfmd is a serious health threat and economic burden across the asia-pacific region. inactivated ev-a71 vaccines have elicited protection again ... | 2015 | 26009802 |
| epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in wuhan, china from 2012 to 2013: outbreaks of coxsackieviruses a10. | hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) is a common infectious disease which often occurs in young children. it is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16). the present study focuses on the molecular epidemiology of the pathogen of hfmd in the wuhan region of china during the period 2012 to 2013. a total of 463 viruses were isolated from throat swab of 3,208 hfmd patients and analyzed by quantitative rt-pcr with all sets of specific primers for ev71, cva1 ... | 2015 | 25754274 |
| [sequence analysis of vp1 region of coxsackievirus a4 and coxsackievirus a10 in guangzhou city, 2010-2012]. | to identify the enterovirus from stool samples of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease(hfmd) in guangzhou from 2010 to 2012 and to perform phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 gene sequences of coxsackievirus a4 and coxsackievirus a10. | 2014 | 25219430 |
| [gene characterization of the vp1 region of coxsackievirus a4 from herpangina cases in shenzhen of china]. | to analyze the phylogeny of the vp1 region of coxsackie virus a4 (cva4) from herpangina cases of shenzhen in 2012 and 2014. | 2015 | 26081506 |
| fourteen types of co-circulating recombinant enterovirus were associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in children from wenzhou, china. | although hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is a major public concern in china, the prevalence and clinical symptoms associated with the different agents of hfmd in this country remain poorly understood. | 2015 | 26305816 |
| [genetic characteristics of vp1 region of coxsackievirus a10 strains isolated from hand foot and mouth disease patients in ningxia hui autonomous region, 2013]. | to study the genetic characteristics of vp1 region of coxsackievirus a10 (cox a10) strains isolated from hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases in ningxia hui autonomous region (ningxia) in 2013. | 2015 | 26564704 |
| a real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid detection of coxsackievirus a10. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) have been the primary causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks in mainland china in the past. hence, the surveillance of hfmd has mostly focused on these viruses. however, in recent years, coxsackievirus a10 (ca10) has also been associated with the increasing sporadic hfmd cases and outbreaks. therefore, a sensitive assay for rapid detection of the ca10 rna is necessary for disease control. here, we have developed a sp ... | 2015 | 26782393 |
| [genetic characteristics of vp1 region of coxsackievirus a10 strains in ningxia hui autonomous region during 2013-2014]. | to investigate the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus a10(cv-a10) strains isolated from hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases in ningxia province. | 2015 | 26887299 |
| immunological and biochemical characterizations of coxsackievirus a6 and a10 viral particles. | childhood exanthema caused by different serotypes of coxsackievirus (cv-a) and enterovirus a71 (ev-a71) has become a serious global health problem; it is commonly known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). current ev-a71 vaccine clinical trials have demonstrated that human antibody responses generated by ev-a71 vaccinations do not cross-neutralize coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16). an effective multivalent hfmd vaccine is urgently needed. from molecular epidemiological studies in southeast asia, c ... | 2016 | 26899790 |
| three-step method for the amplification of the coxsackievirus a10 genome. | the whole-genome sequencing of coxsackievirus (cv)-a10 does not follow a conventional experimental protocol. to fully understand the genetic variation and evolution of cv-a10, complete genome amplification is necessary. most previous studies have concentrated on partial sequences of the cv-a10 genome, such as the vp1 gene. the few studies that have investigated cv-a10 at the genomic level have reported only two complete genome sequences to genbank. the basic fault may be attributed to the region ... | 2016 | 26909991 |
| meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in qingdao, china, 2007-2014. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) has caused public health concerns worldwide. we aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the hfmd epidemic in qingdao, a port city in china. a total of 78641 cases were reported in qingdao between january 2007 and december 2014. of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0-5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. the incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. aetiologi ... | 2016 | 27018924 |
| inactivated coxsackievirus a10 experimental vaccines protect mice against lethal viral challenge. | coxsackievirus a10 (cva10) has become one of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). it is now recognized that cva10 should be targeted for vaccine development. we report here that β-propiolactone inactivated whole-virus based cva10 vaccines can elicit protective immunity in mice. we prepared two inactivated cva10 experimental vaccines derived from the prototype strain cva10/kowalik and from a clinical isolate cva10/s0148b, respectively. immunization with the experimen ... | 2016 | 27562093 |
| simultaneous virus identification and characterization of severe unexplained pneumonia cases using a metagenomics sequencing technique. | many viruses can cause respiratory diseases in humans. although great advances have been achieved in methods of diagnosis, it remains challenging to identify pathogens in unexplained pneumonia (up) cases. in this study, we applied next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology and a metagenomic approach to detect and characterize respiratory viruses in up cases from guizhou province, china. a total of 33 oropharyngeal swabs were obtained from hospitalized up patients and subjected to ngs. an unbias ... | 2017 | 27921234 |
| rapid detection of enterovirus and coxsackievirus a10 by a taqman based duplex one-step real time rt-pcr assay. | a taqman based duplex one-step real time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) assay was developed for the rapid detection of coxsackievirus a10 (cv-a10) and other enterovirus (evs) in clinical samples. the assay was fully evaluated and found to be specific and sensitive. when applied in 115 clinical samples, a 100% diagnostic sensitivity in cv-a10 detection and 97.4% diagnostic sensitivity in other evs were found. | 2017 | 28189797 |
| amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, hexylresorcinol, or carrageenan lozenges as active treatments for sore throat. | up to 80% of sore throats are caused by viruses. several over the counter products are available which provide symptomatic, not causal relief. for such lozenges, containing the antiseptics and local anesthetics amylmetacresol (amc) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (dcba) or hexylresorcinol (hr), recently an additional virucidal effect was published. therefore, we tested a set of strepsils(®) lozenges, containing either hr (max [#2]) or amc/dcba (original [#3], extra strong [#4], warm [#5], orange ... | 2017 | 28280379 |
| impact of genetic changes, pathogenicity and antigenicity on enterovirus- a71 vaccine development. | enterovirus-a71 (ev-a71) is an etiological agent of the hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). ev-a71 infection produces high fever and ulcers in children. some ev-a71 strains produce severe infections leading to pulmonary edema and death. although the protective efficacy of the inactivated vaccine (iv) was ≥90% against mild hfmd, there was approximately 80% protection against severe hfmd. the monovalent ev-a71 iv elicits humoral immunity but lacks long-term immunogenicity. spontaneous mutations o ... | 2017 | 28384566 |
| circulation of coxsackievirus a10 and a6 in hand-foot-mouth disease in china, 2009-2011. | coxsackieviruses a10 (cv-a10) and a6 (cv-a6) have been associated with increasingly occurred sporadic hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) cases and outbreak events globally. however, our understanding of epidemiological and genetic characteristics of these new agents remains far from complete. this study was to explore the circulation of cv-a10 and cv-a6 in hfmd and their genetic characteristics in china. a hospital based surveillance was performed in three heavily inflicted regions with hfmd from ma ... | 2012 | 23272213 |
| detection of coxsackievirus a10 in multiple tissues of a fatal infant sepsis case. | non-polio enteroviruses are a common cause of childhood infections varying in symptomatology and severity. while infections with many of the enterovirus serotypes can be severe and even fatal, coxsackievirus a10 (cva10) has most commonly been associated with more mild disease. here we present the detection of cva10 in multiple organ tissues in the investigation of an infant death. | 2011 | 22209288 |
| enterovirus co-infections and onychomadesis after hand, foot, and mouth disease, spain, 2008. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), a common disease caused by enteroviruses (evs), usually affects children. clustered and sporadic hfmd cases, followed by onychomadesis (nail shedding), occurred during summer and fall 2008 in valencia, spain. fecal samples from onychomadesis patients, who did or did not have previous hfmd, and from healthy children exposed to onychomadesis patients tested positive for ev. the complete viral protein 1 capsid gene sequence was obtained for typing and phylogene ... | 2011 | 22172227 |
| m-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus. | since the initial outbreak in march 2009, the novel pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus has affected individuals worldwide and caused over 18,138 deaths. there is an urgent need for the development of an easy, accurate and simple method for the diagnosis of this novel pandemic virus. | 2010 | 21155764 |
| onychomadesis outbreak in valencia, spain associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enteroviruses. | this report evaluates the june 2008 onychomadesis outbreak in valencia, spain. the study sample consisted of 221 onychomadesis cases and 77 nonaffected individuals who lived close to those affected. we collected data on dietary variables, hygiene products, and individual pathological histories. feces and blood specimens were collected from 44 cases and 24 controls to evaluate exposure to infectious agents. pathological background data revealed a high frequency (61%) of hand, foot, and mouth dise ... | 2011 | 20553401 |
| co-circulation of coxsackieviruses a6 and a10 in hand, foot and mouth disease outbreak in finland. | a nationwide outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) occurred in finland in autumn 2008. the outbreak was untypical since a considerable number of clinically diagnosed patients were adults. furthermore, many of the patients suffered from onychomadesis several weeks after the acute phase of hfmd. | 2010 | 20189452 |
| recombinant murine l20b cell line supports multiplication of group a coxsackieviruses. | sensitive, reliable, and rapid methods of virus culture are essential for wild poliovirus isolation and identification from stool specimens collected from cases of acute flaccid paralysis. recently, recombinant murine cell lines expressing human poliovirus receptor (cd155) on the cell surface have become available. these cells are sensitive selectively to poliovirus because the poliovirus receptor is not used by other enteroviruses. in early field studies non-polio enteroviruses were not isolate ... | 2003 | 12629647 |
| respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in taiwan from 1997 to 1999. | the present study examined the association of specific virus infections with acute respiratory tract conditions among hospitalized and outpatient children in a subtropical country. a total of 2,295 virus infections were detected in 6,986 patients between 1997 and 1999, including infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (1.7%), parainfluenza virus (2.0%), influenza b virus (2.6%), adenovirus (4.0%), herpes simplex virus type 1 (4. 4%), influenza a virus (5.5%), and enterovirus (12.7 ... | 2001 | 11136758 |
| isolation and characterization of a cold-sensitive strain of coxsackievirus a10. | a coxsackievirus a10 strain, isolated from a clinical specimen from a patient with pharyngitis, was characterized with respect to its growth properties in different cultured cells and at different incubation temperatures. this virus multiplied within cultured cells and produced cytopathogenic effects, whereas a prototype strain of coxsackievirus a10 did not. the isolate multiplied efficiently in cultured cells at 37 degrees c but its replication was markedly restricted at 32 degrees c. temperatu ... | 1987 | 3033134 |
| occurrence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease pathogens in domestic sewage and secondary effluent in xi'an, china. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), caused by a group of enteric viruses such as enterovirus 71 (ev71), coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) and coxsackievirus a10 (cva10), is heavily epidemic in east asia. this research focused on investigating the occurrence of hfmd pathogens in domestic sewage and secondary effluent before disinfection in a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) in xi'an, the largest megacity in northwest china. in order to simultaneously detect all three hfmd pathogens, a semi-nested rt-p ... | 2012 | 22446307 |
| emergence, circulation, and spatiotemporal phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus a6- and coxsackievirus a10-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease infections from 2008 to 2012 in shenzhen, china. | sporadic hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks and other infectious diseases in recent years have frequently been associated with certain human enterovirus (hev) serotypes. this study explored the prevalences and genetic characteristics of non-hev71 and non-coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) human enterovirus-associated hfmd infections in shenzhen, china. a total of 2,411 clinical stool specimens were collected from hospital-based surveillance for hfmd from 2008 to 2012. the detection of hev w ... | 2013 | 23966496 |
| prospect and challenges for the development of multivalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth diseases. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), an emerging neurotropic virus and coxsackieviruses (cv) are the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth diseases (hfmd). these viruses have become a serious public health threat in the asia pacific region. formalin-inactivated ev71 (fi-ev71) vaccines have been developed, evaluated in human clinical trials and were found to elicit full protection against ev71. their failure to prevent cva16 infections could compromise the acceptability of monovalent ev71 vaccines. bi ... | 2014 | 25218294 |
| outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina associated with coxsackievirus a6 and a10 infections in 2010, france: a large citywide, prospective observational study. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and herpangina (ha) are frequently caused by several distinct serotypes belonging to the human enterovirus a species (heva). enterovirus 71 is considered as a significant public health threat because of rare but fatal neurological complications. a sentinel surveillance system involving paediatricians from clermont-ferrand (france) was set up to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hfmd/ha associated with enterovirus infections. a stand ... | 2012 | 22404077 |