| identification of culex species by electrophoresis. | this paper extends the usefulness of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to studies of mosquito taxonomy and mosquito vector ecology. using a newly developed double staining technique, it is possible to unambiguously separate several species of culex mosquitoes found in northern indiana. these include culex restuans, culex pipiens pipiens, and culex territans. preliminary work indicates that culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex salinarius can also be identified by this method. this technique ... | 1977 | 907038 |
| the life history, ultrastructure, and experimental transmission of hepatozoon catesbianae n. comb., an apicomplexan parasite of the bullfrog, rana catesbeiana and the mosquito, culex territans in algonquin park, ontario. | gametogenesis and sporogonic development of a haemogregarine parasite of bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana) was observed in cells of the malpighian tubules of laboratory-reared culex territans that had fed on naturally infected bullfrogs. mature oocysts, which varied considerably in size, were multisporocystic with ellipsoidal sporocysts that contained 4 sporozoites. sporogonic development was completed in about 20 days. mature meronts were observed in the liver and merozoites in erythrocytes of labor ... | 1995 | 7707196 |
| larval mosquitoes in abandoned tire pile sites from west virginia. | larvae of 13 mosquito species were collected from abandoned tire piles at peridomestic and nonperidomestic sites in 3 south-central west virginia counties from may through september 2002. ochlerotatus triseriatus was the most frequently collected species from may through august, whereas aedes albopictus and ochlerotatus japonicus were more prevalent in september. prevalence of oc. triseriatus and culex restuans declined throughout the study period. conversely, prevalences of ae. albopictus, oc. ... | 2004 | 15088700 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus). | iridoviruses (ivs) are classified into five genera: iridovirus and chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and ranavirus, lymphocystivirus, and megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. until now, chloriridovirus was the only iv genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (iiv-3), also known as mosquito iridescent viru ... | 2006 | 16912294 |
| host choice and west nile virus infection rates in blood-fed mosquitoes, including members of the culex pipiens complex, from memphis and shelby county, tennessee, 2002-2003. | the source of bloodmeals in 2,082 blood-fed mosquitoes collected from february 2002 through december 2003 in memphis and surrounding areas of shelby county, tennessee were determined. members of the genus culex and anopheles quadrimaculatus predominated in the collections. members of the cx. pipiens complex and cx. restuans were found to feed predominately upon avian hosts, though mammalian hosts made up a substantial proportion of the bloodmeals in these species. no significant difference was s ... | 2007 | 17767413 |
| mosquitoes associated with us department of agriculture managed wetlands on maryland's delmarva peninsula. | mosquito faunal studies were carried out 2004-2005 in maryland's eastern shore wetlands managed by the us department of agriculture. the wetlands included flooded fields, inundated woodlands, and tidal salt marshes. sampling methods included larval collections, adult landing counts, and cdc light and oviposition traps. a total of 1,186 larvae and 1,363 adults identified represented 14 species. temporary pools were found to have the highest potential for rapid mosquito colonization with psorophor ... | 2007 | 17939519 |
| arbovirus transmission by culex nigripalpus in florida, 2005. | understanding the transmission patterns of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv and slev) could result in an increased ability to predict transmission risk to humans. to examine transmission patterns between vector and host, we trapped mosquitoes in three florida counties from june to november 2005 by using chicken-baited lard can mosquito traps. these traps were used to monitor for presence of wnv and slev in mosquitoes and subsequent transmis ... | 2008 | 18533444 |
| genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of culex flavivirus, an insect-specific flavivirus, isolated from culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. | adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected in 2007 and tested for specific viruses, including west nile virus, as part of the ongoing arbovirus surveillance efforts in the state of iowa. a subset of these mosquitoes (6,061 individuals in 340 pools) was further tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using flavivirus universal primers. of the 211 pools of culex pipiens (l.) tested, 50 were positive. one of 51 pools of culex tarsalis coquillet was also positive ... | 2009 | 19645300 |
| experimental transmission of hepatozoon clamatae (apicomplexa: adeleida) to the wood frog, rana sylvatica, and to the mosquito culex pipiens. | hepatozoon clamatae naturally infects the erythrocytes of green frogs (rana clamitans), bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana), and northern leopard frogs (rana pipiens) in northeastern north america and uses the mosquito culex territans as a definitive host. in this study, we show that the wood frog, rana sylvatica, supports merogonic development, but not gamogonic development, of this protozoan parasite, and that the mosquito culex pipiens serves as an experimental definitive host for sporogonic develop ... | 2010 | 19895159 |
| a new, cost-effective, battery-powered aspirator for adult mosquito collections. | we report the development of a new mosquito aspirator with the same aspiration capacity (airflow) of the cdc backpack aspirator (cdc-bp), but smaller and lighter (0.8 kg without battery), less expensive (us$45-70), easier to build, and compatible with the use of telescoping extension poles to access hard-to-reach locations. the performance of this new aspirator, named "prokopack," was compared with the cdc-bp in laboratory settings as well as in paired collections in combined sewer overflow (cso ... | 2009 | 19960668 |
| blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes: random or structured? | abstract: | 2010 | 20205866 |
| winter biology of wetland mosquitoes at a focus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission in alabama, usa. | at temperate latitudes, vectors and pathogens must possess biological mechanisms for coping with cold temperatures and surviving from one transmission season to the next. mosquitoes that overwinter in the adult stage have been proposed as winter maintenance hosts for certain arboviruses. in the cases of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) and st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus), discovery of infected overwintering females lends support to this ... | 2011 | 21936314 |
| host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ... | 2016 | 27577939 |
| ecology of culiseta melanura and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from walton county, fl, during winter period 2013-2014. | winter ecology of putative vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) in northern florida was investigated at field locations with evidence of historic eeev winter transmission. light traps and resting shelters were used to sample the mosquito community in the vicinity of eight sentinel flocks throughout the winter period (november-april) of 2013 and 2014 in walton county, fl. overall mosquito activity was relatively low, although mosquitoes were captured during each week of the st ... | 2015 | 26336227 |
| current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the uk. | non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into europe, and are now established in many european countries. the continued european importation of potential vectors and their expansion within europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the uk. coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. | 2015 | 26122427 |
| serosurveillance of eastern equine encephalitis virus in amphibians and reptiles from alabama, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is among the most medically important arboviruses in north america, and studies suggest a role for amphibians and reptiles in its transmission cycle. serum samples collected from 351 amphibians and reptiles (27 species) from alabama, usa, were tested for the presence of antibodies against eeev. frogs, turtles, and lizards showed little or no seropositivity, and snakes had high seropositivity rates. most seropositive species were preferred or abundant host ... | 0 | 22403333 |
| direct pcr of indigenous and invasive mosquito species: a time- and cost-effective technique of mosquito barcoding. | millions of people die each year as a result of pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. however, the morphological identification of mosquito species can be difficult even for experts. the identification of morphologically indistinguishable species, such as members of the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae), and possible hybrids, such as culex pipiens pipiens/culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae), presents a major problem. in addition, the detection and discrimination of newly ... | 2015 | 26663040 |
| impacts of the creation, expansion and management of english wetlands on mosquito presence and abundance - developing strategies for future disease mitigation. | the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing in europe, partly due to the incursion of a number of invasive species known to be vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses, but also due to the involvement of native species in the transmission of west nile virus and malaria. for some of these pathogens, there is a risk of the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases that were once widespread in europe, but declined partly due to large-scale land-drainage projects. some mosquito species explo ... | 2015 | 25889666 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and their relevance as disease vectors in the city of vienna, austria. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors for a wide range of pathogenic organisms. as large parts of the human population in developed countries live in cities, the occurrence of vector-borne diseases in urban areas is of particular interest for epidemiologists and public health authorities. in this study, we investigated the mosquito occurrence in the city of vienna, austria, in order to estimate the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. mosquitoes were captured using di ... | 2014 | 25468380 |
| predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ... | 2014 | 25211133 |
| evaluating the feeding preferences of west nile virus mosquito vectors using bird-baited traps. | the total contact rates (tcrs) between mosquito vectors and their potential hosts have a serious impact on disease transmission dynamics. culex pipiens (sensu stricto) (s.s.) is considered the main vector of the west nile virus (wnv) in europe and birds are the reservoir hosts. the results of our previous study showed that wnv seroreactors are significantly more prevalent among raptors compared to a range of other wild avian groups. the current study aims to assess the role of bird type (raptor ... | 2016 | 27580694 |
| detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus rna in north american snakes. | the role of non-avian vertebrates in the ecology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) is unresolved, but mounting evidence supports a potential role for snakes in the eeev transmission cycle, especially as over-wintering hosts. to determine rates of exposure and infection, we examined serum samples from wild snakes at a focus of eeev in alabama for viral rna using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. two species of vipers, the copperhead (agkistrodon contortr ... | 2012 | 23033405 |
| modeling occurrence of urban mosquitos based on land use types and meteorological factors in korea. | mosquitoes are a public health concern because they are vectors of pathogen, which cause human-related diseases. it is well known that the occurrence of mosquitoes is highly influenced by meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and land use, but there are insufficient studies quantifying their impacts. therefore, three analytical methods were applied to determine the relationships between urban mosquito occurrence, land use type, and meteorological factors: cluster analys ... | 2015 | 26492260 |
| field investigations of winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus in florida. | studies investigating winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) were conducted in hillsborough county, florida. the virus was detected in culiseta melanura and anopheles quadrimaculatus in february 2012 and 2013, respectively. during the winter months, herons were the most important avian hosts for all mosquito species encountered. in collections carried out in the summer of 2011, blood meals taken from herons were still common, but less frequently encountered than in winte ... | 2014 | 25070997 |
| habitat segregation of mosquito arbovirus vectors in south florida. | oviposition traps set in rural to urban environments in three south florida counties were colonized predominantly by culex quinquefasciatus say (35.1%), aedes albopictus (skuse) (34.5%), aedes aegypti (l.) (23.8%), and culex nigripalpus theobald (6.6%) during 1 yr of monthly sampling. significant differences were detected among counties for abundances of cx. quinquefasciatus and for percentage composition of that species and ae. albopictus. aerial images of habitats around each collection site w ... | 0 | 17162945 |
| sex-biased avian host use by arbovirus vectors. | prevalence of arthropod-borne parasites often differs drastically between host sexes. this sex-related disparity may be related to physiological (primarily hormonal) differences that facilitate or suppress replication of the pathogen in host tissues. alternately, differences in pathogen prevalence between host sexes may be owing to differential exposure to infected vectors. here, we report on the use of pcr-based assays recognizing bird sex chromosomes to investigate sex-related patterns of avia ... | 2014 | 26064562 |
| vector-host interactions of culiseta melanura in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in southeastern virginia. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe illness in humans and equines in the eastern usa. culiseta (cs.) melanura is the primary vector of eeev in most geographic regions but its feeding patterns on specific avian and mammalian hosts are largely unknown in the mid-atlantic region. the objectives of our study were to: 1) identify avian hosts of cs. melanura and evaluate their potential role in ... | 2015 | 26327226 |
| an iridovirus from larvae of culiseta annulata and culex territans. | field-collected 4th instar larvae of culiseta annulata and culex territans were found to be infected with mosquito iridescent virus (miv). ultrathin sections revealed the presence in infected cells of different types of immature virus particles of an average diameter of 180 and 190 nm respectively. | 1999 | 15443 |
| bionomics and vector potential of culex thriambus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in lake county, california. | california statewide west nile virus (wnv) minimum infection rates in culex thriambus dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. to evaluate the role of cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of wnv in lake county, ca, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. culex thriambus was the most abundant mosqu ... | 2016 | 27493251 |
| Competency of reptiles and amphibians for eastern equine encephalitis virus. | Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is endemic throughout most of the eastern United States. Although it is transmitted year round in Florida, transmission elsewhere is seasonal. The mechanism that enables EEEV to overwinter in seasonal foci remains obscure. In previous field studies, early season EEEV activity was detected in mosquito species that feed primarily upon ectothermic hosts, suggesting that reptiles and amphibians might represent overwintering reservoir hosts for EEEV. To determ ... | 2011 | 21896798 |
| contributions of temporal segregation, oviposition choice, and non-additive effects of competitors to invasion success of aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in north america. | the mosquito aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly through north america since its introduction in the 1990s. the mechanisms underlying its establishment in container communities occupied by competitors aedes triseriatus and aedes albopictus are unclear. possibilities include (a) temporal separation of a. japonicus from other aedes, (b) oviposition avoidance by a. japonicus of sites containing heterospecific aedes larvae, and (c) non-additive competitive effects in assemblages ... | 0 | 26101466 |
| intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of succession: effects of habitat age and season on an aquatic insect community. | 1. classical studies of succession, largely dominated by plant community studies, focus on intrinsic drivers of change in community composition, such as interspecific competition and changes to the abiotic environment. they often do not consider extrinsic drivers of colonization, such as seasonal phenology, that can affect community change. 2. we investigated both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of succession for dipteran communities that occupy ephemeral pools, such as those in artificial conta ... | 0 | 24910493 |
| reciprocal trophic interactions and transmission of blood parasites between mosquitoes and frogs. | the relationship between mosquitoes and their amphibian hosts is a unique, reciprocal trophic interaction. instead of a one-way, predator-prey relationship, there is a cyclical dance of avoidance and attraction. this has prompted spatial and temporal synchrony between organisms, reflected in emergence time of mosquitoes in the spring and choice of habitat for oviposition. frog-feeding mosquitoes also possess different sensory apparatuses than do their mammal-feeding counterparts. the reciprocal ... | 2012 | 26466534 |
| colonisation and mass rearing: learning from others. | mosquitoes, just as other insects produced for the sterile insect technique (sit), are subjected to several unnatural processes including laboratory colonisation and large-scale factory production. after these processes, sterile male mosquitoes must perform the natural task of locating and mating with wild females. therefore, the colonisation and production processes must preserve characters necessary for these functions. fortunately, in contrast to natural selection which favours a suite of cha ... | 2009 | 19917074 |
| host reproductive phenology drives seasonal patterns of host use in mosquitoes. | seasonal shifts in host use by mosquitoes from birds to mammals drive the timing and intensity of annual epidemics of mosquito-borne viruses, such as west nile virus, in north america. the biological mechanism underlying these shifts has been a matter of debate, with hypotheses falling into two camps: (1) the shift is driven by changes in host abundance, or (2) the shift is driven by seasonal changes in the foraging behavior of mosquitoes. here we explored the idea that seasonal changes in host ... | 2011 | 21408172 |
| temporal analysis of feeding patterns of culex erraticus in central alabama. | host blood meals in seven mosquito species previously shown to be infected with eastern equine encephalitis virus at a site in the tuskegee national forest in southcentral alabama were investigated. of 1374 blood meals derived from 88 different host species collected over 6 years from these seven mosquito species, 1099 were derived from culex erraticus. analysis of the temporal pattern of cx. erraticus meals using a runs test revealed that the patterns of feeding upon avian and mammalian hosts f ... | 2011 | 21395423 |
| sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs. | trypanosomes are a diverse group of protozoan parasites of vertebrates transmitted by a variety of hematophagous invertebrate vectors. anuran trypanosomes and their vectors have received relatively little attention even though these parasites have been reported from frog and toad species worldwide. blood samples collected from túngara frogs (engystomops pustulosus), a neotropical anuran species heavily preyed upon by eavesdropping frog-biting midges (corethrella spp.), were examined for trypanos ... | 2016 | 26977404 |
| influence of hepatozoon parasites on host-seeking and host-choice behaviour of the mosquitoes culex territans and culex pipiens. | hepatozoon species are heteroxenous parasites that commonly infect the blood of vertebrates and various organs of arthropods. despite their ubiquity, little is known about how these parasites affect host phenotype, including whether or not these parasites induce changes in hosts to increase transmission success. the objectives of this research were to investigate influences of the frog blood parasite hepatozoon clamatae and the snake blood parasite hepatozoon sipedon on host-seeking and host-cho ... | 2012 | 24533317 |
| developing gis-based eastern equine encephalitis vector-host models in tuskegee, alabama. | a site near tuskegee, alabama was examined for vector-host activities of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev). land cover maps of the study site were created in arcinfo 9.2 from quickbird data encompassing visible and near-infrared (nir) band information (0.45 to 0.72 microm) acquired july 15, 2008. georeferenced mosquito and bird sampling sites, and their associated land cover attributes from the study site, were overlaid onto the satellite data. sas 9.1.4 was used to explore univariat ... | 2010 | 20181267 |
| the non-photosynthetic algae helicosporidium spp.: emergence of a novel group of insect pathogens. | since the original description of helicosporidium parasiticum in 1921, members of the genus helicosporidium have been reported to infect a wide variety of invertebrates, but their characterization has remained dependent on occasional reports of infection. recently, several new helicosporidium isolates have been successfully maintained in axenic cultures. the ability to produce large quantity of biological material has led to very significant advances in the understanding of helicosporidium biolo ... | 2013 | 26462425 |
| biting activity of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) in the turkey-armenia border area, ararat valley, turkey. | during nine consecutive nights in july 2007 (from 18:15-05:45 h), mosquitoes landing-biting on humans were collected outdoors and indoors at the turkey-armenia border. a total of 1005 females were collected consisting of nine species. the dominant species was aedes dorsalis (meigen) (47.5% of total catch), followed by anopheles hyrcanus (pallas) (22.9%), culex theileri (theobald) (9.3%),ae. vexans (meigen) (6.6%), ae. caspius (pallas) (4.9%),anopheles maculipennis s.l. (meigen) (3.1%), culex ter ... | 2010 | 20180304 |
| traits and stress: keys to identify community effects of low levels of toxicants in test systems. | community effects of low toxicant concentrations are obscured by a multitude of confounding factors. to resolve this issue for community test systems, we propose a trait-based approach to detect toxic effects. an experiment with outdoor stream mesocosms was established 2-years before contamination to allow the development of biotic interactions within the community. following pulse contamination with the insecticide thiacloprid, communities were monitored for additional 2 years to observe long-t ... | 2011 | 21523409 |
| seasonality, prevalence and pathogenicity of the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in mosquitoes from florida. | aedes albopictus larvae collected in gainesville, fl, were infected with the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis. natural prevalence varied from 68 to 100%. eight mosquito species were tested in the laboratory for susceptibility to a. taiwanensis isolated from field-collected ae. albopictus. aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and aedes taeniorhynchus became 100% infected in the larval stage, whereas aedes triseriatus was less susceptible; culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, culex territans, ... | 1994 | 7807086 |
| genetic differentiation of populations within the culex pipiens complex and phylogeny of related species. | the culex pipiens complex consists of several species, subspecies, forms, races, physiological variants, or biotypes according to different authors and includes the 2 holarctic variants cx. pipiens biotype pipiens and cx. pipiens biotype molestus. differences in morphological characters are overlapping and thus are delimited in their taxonomic value, even when behavioral and reproductive specializations are apparent. our enzyme electrophoretic study included 7 geographic populations of cx. pipie ... | 2009 | 19432063 |
| penetration and development of the mermithid nematode reesimermis nielseni in eighteen species of mosquitoes. | the susceptibility of 18 species of mosquitoes to the infective stage of the mermithid nematode reesimermis nielseni was compared to that of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. thirteen species were more susceptible, with three anopheles species and culiseta inornata the most susceptible. aedes triseriatus, culex territans, and psorophora ferox were highly resistant. resistance to r. nielseni appeared to be behavioral, physical, or physiological, and some host species exhibited one or more types of ... | 1975 | 19308157 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, u.s.a.: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of aedes, anopheles, culex, coquillettidia, psorophora, and uranotaenia. | we evaluated the blood-feeding patterns in several mosquito species that may serve as vectors of disease agents in the northeastern united states. blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from 91 different sites throughout connecticut over a 6-yr period (june-october 2002-2007), and the host-feeding patterns of 23 mosquito species representing six genera were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. this study was ... | 2008 | 19058640 |
| mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern colorado front range. | we exploited elevation gradients (1,500-2,400 m) ranging from plains to montane areas along the poudre river and big thompson river in the northern colorado front range to determine how mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance change along natural habitat-climate-elevation gradients. mosquito collections in 26 sites in 2006 by using co2-baited cdc light traps yielded a total of 7,136 identifiable mosquitoes of 27 species. commonly collected species included aedes vexans (meigen) (n ... | 2008 | 18714885 |
| preference of female mosquitoes for natural and artificial resting sites. | at a wetland study site in tuskegee national forest, al, resting female mosquitoes were collected from natural and artificial resting sites to identify species-specific resting sites and to evaluate various artificial resting sites for their utility in collecting resting mosquitoes. natural resting sites included small tree cavities, large tree cavities, and understory vegetation. artificial resting sites included resting boxes, fiber pots, and plastic trash cans. we collected 12,888 female mosq ... | 2008 | 18666530 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) development within microhabitats of an iowa wetland. | although they provide a number of valuable ecological services, wetlands also may harbor mosquitoes that are vectors of human pathogens. during 2002 and 2003, we measured biological (i.e., abundances of mosquitoes, other insects, and total heterotrophic bacteria, vegetational cover, and dead organic material), chemical (i.e., ph, dissolved nitrate, dissolved nitrite, dissolved phosphate, total alkalinity, and electrical conductivity), and physical (i.e., water temperature, dissolved oxygen, dept ... | 2005 | 16119560 |
| the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the area of the middle course of the river someşul mare (romania): faunistical and ecological data. | the larval and adult mosquito populations in the locality salva and its surroundings on the middle course of the river someşul mare were investigated from march to october 1994. 17 mosquito species (11 as larvae and 13 as adults) were recorded: aedes cataphylla, aedes cantans aedes leucomelas, aedes dorsalis, aedes caspius, aedes vexans, aedes flavescens, aedes cinereus, aedes annulipes, aedes geniculatus, culex modestus, culex pipiens, culex territans, culiseta alaskaensis, anopheles maculipenn ... | 1998 | 9745338 |
| the life history and host specificity of hepatozoon clamatae (apicomplexa: adeleorina) and its-1 nucleotide sequence variation of hepatozoon species of frogs and mosquitoes from ontario. | the life cycle of an intraerythrocytic hemogregarine, hepatozoon clamatae, was studied in green frogs (rana clamitans melanota), bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana), northern leopard frogs (rana pipiens), and in the mosquito, culex territans. gametogenesis, fertilization, and sporogony occurred within cells of the malpighian tubules of laboratory-reared cx. territans that had fed on naturally infected frogs. mature oocysts containing hundreds of sporocysts were observed in mosquitoes 30 days postfeedin ... | 1998 | 9714212 |
| [inventory of the culcinae in balagne (corsica)]. | we have drawn up the faunistic inventory of culicinae in balagne (corsica) in late summer. the list shows the following species (in order of frequency): culex hortensis, culex pipiens, culex impudicus, culex territans (?), culiseta longiareolata, culiseta annulata, culiseta subochrea, aedes mariae, aedes caspius, aedes vexans, anopheles claviger, anopheles maculipennis. we have observed the important recession of the maculipennis complex (only one female catched indoor) and the abundance of anop ... | 1978 | 754888 |
| [information on culex torrentium and c. territans (diptera, cilicidae)]. | larvae of culex torrentium were found in leipzig in the reed of a little permanent water and in a trough of artificial stone. data on siphonal indices and on types of breeding waters have been arranged in a table. a list with the hitherto existing breeding places in the gdr has been provided. there are altogether 11 places in 10 regions of 7 districts. culex territans was found at 6 places in 7 regions of the district of leipzig. | 1983 | 6666871 |
| differential susceptibility of culex territans and aedes triseriatus (diptera: culicidae) to foleyella flexicauda (nematoda: filarioidea). | | 1975 | 1159745 |
| north american wetlands and mosquito control. | wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. there is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. mosquito control in wetlands is a complex issue influenced by ... | 2012 | 23222252 |
| mosquito larvae in tires from mississippi, united states: the efficacy of abiotic and biotic parameters in predicting spatial and temporal patterns of mosquito populations and communities. | container systems, including discarded vehicle tires, which support populations of mosquitoes, have been of interest for understanding the variables that produce biting adults that serve as both nuisances and as public health threats. we sampled tires in six sites at three times in 2012 across the state of mississippi to understand the biotic and abiotic variables responsible for explaining patterns of larvae of common species, species richness, and total abundance of mosquitoes. from 498 tires ... | 2015 | 26334813 |
| vector contact rates on eastern bluebird nestlings do not indicate west nile virus transmission in henrico county, virginia, usa. | sensitive indicators of spatial and temporal variation in vector-host contact rates are critical to understanding the transmission and eventual prevention of arboviruses such as west nile virus (wnv). monitoring vector contact rates on particularly susceptible and perhaps more exposed avian nestlings may provide an advanced indication of local wnv amplification. to test this hypothesis we monitored wnv infection and vector contact rates among nestlings occupying nest boxes (primarily eastern blu ... | 2013 | 24287858 |
| invasion biology of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae). | aedes japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) has recently expanded beyond its native range of japan and korea into large parts of north america and central europe. population genetic studies begun immediately after the species was detected in north america revealed genetically distinct introductions that subsequently merged, likely contributing to the successful expansion. interactions, particularly in the larval stage, with other known disease vectors give this invasive subspecies ... | 0 | 24397520 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) fauna of qom province, iran. | there is very little information about the mosquito fauna of qom province, central iran. by now only three species; anopheles claviger, an. multicolor, and an. superpictus have been reported in the province. to study mosquito fauna and providing a primary checklist, an investigation was carried out on a collection of mosquitoes in this province. | 2012 | 23293779 |
| monitoring of west nile virus in mosquitoes between 2011-2012 in hungary. | west nile virus (wnv) is a widely distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus. wnv strains are classified into several genetic lineages on the basis of phylogenetic differences. whereas lineage 1 viruses are distributed worldwide, lineage 2 wnv was first detected outside of africa in hungary in 2004. since then, wnv-associated disease and mortality in animal and human hosts have been documented periodically in hungary. after the first detection of wnv from a pool of culex pipiens mosquitoes in 2010, s ... | 0 | 25229703 |
| european surveillance for west nile virus in mosquito populations. | a wide range of arthropod-borne viruses threaten both human and animal health either through their presence in europe or through risk of introduction. prominent among these is west nile virus (wnv), primarily an avian virus, which has caused multiple outbreaks associated with human and equine mortality. endemic outbreaks of west nile fever have been reported in italy, greece, france, romania, hungary, russia and spain, with further spread expected. most outbreaks in western europe have been due ... | 2013 | 24157510 |
| blood feeding patterns of potential arbovirus vectors of the genus culex targeting ectothermic hosts. | reptiles and amphibians constitute a significant portion of vertebrate biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and may be important arbovirus reservoirs. to investigate mosquito preference for ectothermic hosts, feeding indices were calculated from data collected in tuskegee national forest, alabama, usa. four mosquito species fed upon ectothermic hosts, with culex peccator and cx. territans feeding primarily upon ectotherms. these two species appeared to target distinct species with little overlap in ... | 0 | 18981528 |
| modeling dynamics of culex pipiens complex populations and assessing abatement strategies for west nile virus. | the primary mosquito species associated with underground stormwater systems in the united states are the culex pipiens complex species. this group represents important vectors of west nile virus (wnv) throughout regions of the continental u.s. in this study, we designed a mathematical model and compared it with surveillance data for the cx. pipiens complex collected in beaufort county, south carolina. based on the best fit of the model to the data, we estimated parameters associated with the eff ... | 2014 | 25268229 |
| field evaluation of four widely used mosquito traps in central europe. | to monitor adult mosquitoes several trapping devices are available. these are differently constructed and use various mechanisms for mosquito attraction, thus resulting in different trapping sensitivities and efficacies for the various species. mosquito monitoring and surveillance programs in europe use various types of mosquito traps, but only a few comparisons have been conducted so far. this study compared the performance of four commercial trapping devices, which are commonly used in europe. | 2014 | 24924481 |
| assessing the use of diurnal resting shelters by culiseta melanura (diptera: culicidae). | twenty resting shelters were set on the edge of a known culiseta breeding habitat in four groups of five to support a 4 x 4 latin square field experiment. collection times were 0900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 hours and systematically rotated for the order by which each group of five boxes was collected. mosquitoes were collected from resting shelters by chloroform anesthetization. collections were identified to species, sex, and physiological status of the females (nonblooded or blood-fed and gravid) ... | 0 | 21845953 |
| lack of evidence for the presence of schmallenberg virus in mosquitoes in germany, 2011. | in 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup was discovered near the german-dutch border and named schmallenberg virus (sbv). so far, sbv genome has been detected in various field-collected culicoides species; however, other members of the simbu serogroup are also transmitted by mosquitoes. | 2014 | 25174354 |
| predation resistance does not trade off with competitive ability in early-colonizing mosquitoes. | the tradeoff between colonization and competitive ability has been proposed as a mechanism for ecological succession, and this tradeoff has been demonstrated in multiple successional communities. the tradeoff between competitive ability and predation resistance is also a widely-described phenomenon; however, this tradeoff is not usually postulated as a cause of ecological succession. early successional species that arrive before predator colonization could be either (1) less vulnerable to predat ... | 2013 | 23649756 |
| systematic revision of the adeleid haemogregarines, with creation of bartazoon n. g., reassignment of hepatozoon argantis garnham, 1954 to hemolivia, and molecular data on hemolivia stellata. | life cycles and molecular data for terrestrial haemogregarines are reviewed in this article. collection material was re-examined: hepatozoon argantis garnham, 1954 in argas brumpti was reassigned to hemolivia as hemolivia argantis (garnham, 1954) n. comb.; parasite dna was extracted from a tick crush on smear of an archived slide of hemolivia stellata in amblyomma rotondatum, then the 18s ssrrna gene was amplified by pcr. a systematic revision of the group is proposed, based on biological life c ... | 2015 | 26551414 |
| hepatozoon species (adeleorina: hepatozoidae) of african bufonids, with morphological description and molecular diagnosis of hepatozoon ixoxo sp. nov. parasitising three amietophrynus species (anura: bufonidae). | haemogregarines comprise a large group of apicomplexan blood parasites. in 1996 all anuran haemogregarines still in the genus haemogregarina danilewsky, 1885 were reassigned to the genus hepatozoon miller, 1908. most (11/15, 73%) african anuran hepatozoon species have been recorded from the family bufonidae, however, all these are recorded from only two host species, amietophrynus mauritanicus (schlegel, 1841) and amietophrynus regularis (reuss, 1833) from northern and central africa. to the aut ... | 2014 | 25526644 |
| culex territans as a potential vector of trypanosoma rotatorium. i. development of the flagellate in the mosquito. | | 1973 | 4696582 |
| species composition and seasonal distribution of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) in southern new jersey, burlington county. | a total of 36,495 larvae consisting of 45 species from 11 genera were collected from 7,189 sites from southern new jersey, burlington county between the months of march and october, 2001-2014. density and seasonal distribution were determined among natural and artificial habitat. the most dominant species collected from natural habitat was aedes vexans (meigen) followed by ochlerotatus canadensis canadensis (theobald), culex restuans theobald, culex pipiens l., and culex territans walker. the mo ... | 2015 | 26336214 |
| larval survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes in alabama. | a state-wide survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes in alabama was conducted in 2004 and 2005. tire sites in all 67 counties in the state of alabama were sampled for mosquito larvae. a total of 13,022 mosquito larvae, representing 12 species in 7 genera, was collected. the most frequently collected species were aedes albopictus (70.4%), culex territans (8.0%), and ochlerotatus triseriatus (7.1%). the following species were also collected: cx. restuans (6.0%), cx. salinarius (2.7%), orthopodomyia sig ... | 2006 | 17304924 |
| stable isotope analysis of larval mosquito diets in agricultural wetlands in the coastal plain of georgia, u.s.a. | previous studies have used c and n isotope ratios to investigate the use of different food resources such as plant and animal detritus by container-breeding mosquitoes. this study is the first to report on the potential food resources assimilated by larval mosquitoes in agricultural and reference wetlands. larval mosquitoes (diptera: culcidae) were sampled, along with their potential food resources, from agricultural and reference wetland habitats throughout a seasonal hydroperiod. isosource mix ... | 2014 | 25424257 |
| species composition, co-occurrence, association and affinity indices of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) in mazandaran province, northern iran. | although considerable progress has been made in the past years in management of mosquito borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and west nile fever through research in biology and ecology of the vectors, these diseases are still major threats to human health. therefore, more research is required for better management of the diseases. this investigation provides information on the composition, co-occurrence, association and affinity indices of mosquito larvae in mazandaran province, ... | 2016 | 26805471 |
| temporal and spatial synchrony of culex territans (diptera: culicidae) with their amphibian hosts. | culex territans walker (diptera: culicidae) larvae share nonpolluted freshwater habitats with amphibians, which are bloodmeal hosts of their adults. to examine synchrony of cx. territans with amphibian species, 10 larval habitat sites were sampled weekly from march to november of 2004. cx. territans larvae were temporally and spatially associated with the green frog, rana clamitans latrielle. we predicted that if the preferred hosts were abundant at low temperatures, cx. territans might be able ... | 2008 | 19058626 |
| vertebrate hosts and phylogenetic relationships of amphibian trypanosomes from a potential invertebrate vector, culex territans walker (diptera: culicidae). | the blood meals of field-collected female culex territans (diptera: culicidae) were concurrently assayed for the presence of trypanosomes and for vertebrate host identification. we amplified vertebrate dna in 42 of 119 females and made positive identification to the host species level in 29 of those samples. of the 119 field-collected cx. territans females, 24 were infected with trypanosomes. phylogenetic analysis placed the trypanosomes in the amphibian portion of the aquatic clade of the trypa ... | 2009 | 18850768 |
| cytopathological observations and epizootiology of frog erythrocytic virus in bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana). | a 5 yr survey (1985 to 1989) revealed that the prevalence of frog erythrocytic virus (fev) was significantly higher in juveniles than in adult bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana) in algonquin park, ontario (canada). the prevalence of infection in juveniles declined during may and june and increased in early august, persisting until late september. tadpoles were not infected naturally with fev, but were susceptible to experimental infection. experimental data indicate that fev is neither waterborne, nor ... | 1992 | 1548800 |
| [finding larvae of culex territans walk and dixidae infected with iridovirus in the forest zone of novgorod province]. | | 2009 | 2943975 |