| ecology of mosquitoes and st. louis encephalitis virus in the los angeles basin of california, 1987-1990. | st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus has become established in the los angeles basin of california, where it most likely is maintained by horizontal transmission among culex tarsalis coquillet and passerine birds in park-riparian habitat. viral transmission also was detected at low levels in residential habitat by the infrequent seroconversion of sentinel chickens. sle virus activity was documented in all months except march and april. cx. tarsalis was incriminated as the primary vector, based on ... | 1992 | 1495066 |
| occurrence of culex erythrothorax in southeastern colorado and report of virus isolations from this and other mosquito species. | significant numbers of culex erythrothorax were collected during arbovirus surveillance in 1987 and 1988 at las animas, bent county, on the high plains of southeastern colorado. this finding extends the range of this species to the eastern side of the rocky mountains. the isolation of western equine encephalitis virus in 1988 from both cx. tarsalis and cx. erythrothorax suggests that the latter also may be involved in the endemic cycle of this virus in the area. st. louis encephalitis, hart park ... | 1989 | 2614403 |
| vector competence of selected mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) for california strains of northway virus (bunyaviridae: bunyavirus). | selected mosquito species from central valley, coastal, and alpine habitats of california were evaluated for their vector competence for northway (nor) virus. culiseta incidens thomson, culiseta inornata (williston), and anopheles freeborni aitken were the only competent vectors when fed virus. aedes sierrensis (ludlow), as well as alpine snow pool aedes (i.e., ae. cataphylla dyar, ae. hexodontus dyar, ae. increpitus dyar and ae. tahoensis dyar), ae. melanimon dyar, ae. washinoi lanzaro & eldrid ... | 1993 | 8099625 |
| susceptibility of various mosquitoes of california to subperiodic brugia malayi. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of six species of mosquitoes, representing three genera, to subperiodic brugia malayi. the black-eye, liverpool strain of aedes aegypti was the susceptible control. mosquitoes were fed on microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus). all mosquitoes, except wild caught culex erythrothorax, were laboratory-reared and allowed to feed when 8 to 10 days old. anopheles freeborni, anopheles hermsi, and culiseta inornata proved refrac ... | 1995 | 8533667 |
| effectiveness of control measures against mosquitoes at a constructed wetland in southern california. | the effectiveness of larvicide and adulticide treatments against mosquitoes at a constructed wetland in san jacinto, california was assessed with larval surveys, trapping of emerging adults, and collections of host-seeking females by carbon dioxide-baited traps. bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti, bactimos pellets) applied at a rate of 19 kg/ha did not demonstrably affect culex larval and emergent adult populations. larval populations in the seven marshes of the wetland decreased from ... | 1998 | 9879071 |
| dispersal, survivorship, and host selection of culex erythrothorax (diptera: culicidae) associated with a constructed wetland in southern california. | three mark-recapture studies were carried out at a constructed wetlands facility in san jacinto, ca, to examine the dispersal and population ecology of the most abundant host-seeking mosquito, culex erythrothorax dyar, collected in carbon dioxide-baited traps. recapture rates were 0.3, 7.4, and 13.9% for august, september, and october, respectively. the mean distance traveled per night was approximately 0.5 km, and females were not recaptured farther than 2 km from the release site. most marked ... | 1999 | 10071490 |
| field-caught culex erythrothorax larvae found naturally infected with west nile virus in grand county, utah. | culex erythrothorax larvae were collected from a bulrush-cattail marsh near moab, grand county, utah, october 28, 2004, and found positive for west nile virus (wnv) rna by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). this demonstrates wnv vertical transmission in this species in the wild and suggests that vertical transmission in overwintering cx. erythrothorax larvae may contribute to wnv overwintering. | 2006 | 17067064 |
| hematophagous diptera collected from a horse and paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap in southern california: relevance to west nile virus epizootiology. | hematophagous diptera landing on a horse were removed by vacuum, and their numbers were related to a paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap at three locations in southern california where west nile virus activity was high during the preceding year. insects collected from the horse included mosquitoes (nine species), biting midges (culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones), and black flies (simulium bivittatum malloch). mosquitoes were predominantly collected from the head, crest, withers, neck, ch ... | 2008 | 18283951 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern colorado front range. | we exploited elevation gradients (1,500-2,400 m) ranging from plains to montane areas along the poudre river and big thompson river in the northern colorado front range to determine how mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance change along natural habitat-climate-elevation gradients. mosquito collections in 26 sites in 2006 by using co2-baited cdc light traps yielded a total of 7,136 identifiable mosquitoes of 27 species. commonly collected species included aedes vexans (meigen) (n ... | 2008 | 18714885 |
| isolation of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. we report two isolations of buggy creek virus (bcrv), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius horvath), the principal vector for bcrv. ten percent of egg pools were positive for bcrv, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 teste ... | 2009 | 19351091 |
| potential vectors of west nile virus in a semiarid environment: doña ana county, new mexico. | the potential vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) in doña ana county, nm, were determined during 2004 and 2005. trapping was conducted using centers for disease control and prevention miniature light-traps baited with dry ice, and gravid traps baited with a hay infusion. in addition, sentinel chickens were housed at four of the trapping locations to monitor wnv epizootic transmission. in total, 5,576 pools consisting of 115,797 female mosquitoes were tested fo ... | 2009 | 19960700 |
| west nile virus emergence and persistence in los angeles, california, 2003-2008. | west nile virus (wnv) invaded los angeles in september 2003, and during the subsequent five-year period followed a pattern of amplification, subsidence, and resurgence. enzootic transmission was tracked by abundance and infection incidence in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and cx. tarsalis and by seroprevalence in peridomestic passerine birds, infection in dead birds, and seroconversions in sentinel chickens. culex p. quinquefasciatus served as the primary vector of wnv, with gravid traps servin ... | 2010 | 20682890 |
| potential for north american mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to transmit rift valley fever virus. | to determine which arthropods should be targeted for control should rift valley fever virus (rvfv) be detected in north america, we evaluated culex erraticus (dyar and knab), culex erythrothorax dyar, culex nigripalpus theobald, culex pipiens l., culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tarsalis coquillett, aedes dorsalis (wiedemann), aedes vexans (meigen), anopheles quadrimaculatus say, and culicoides sonorensis wirth and jones from the western, midwestern, and southern united states for their ability ... | 2010 | 20939385 |
| vector-host interactions governing epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california. | southern california remains an important focus of west nile virus (wnv) activity, with persistently elevated incidence after invasion by the virus in 2003 and subsequent amplification to epidemic levels in 2004. eco-epidemiological studies of vectors-hosts-pathogen interactions are of paramount importance for better understanding of the transmission dynamics of wnv and other emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses. we investigated vector-host interactions and host-feeding patterns of 531 blood-engor ... | 2010 | 21118934 |
| broad surveys of dna viral diversity obtained through viral metagenomics of mosquitoes. | viruses are the most abundant and diverse genetic entities on earth; however, broad surveys of viral diversity are hindered by the lack of a universal assay for viruses and the inability to sample a sufficient number of individual hosts. this study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (vem) to provide a snapshot of the diversity of dna viruses present in three mosquito samples from san diego, california. the majority of the sequences were novel, suggesting that the viral community in mosquitoes, ... | 2011 | 21674005 |
| viral metagenomics on blood-feeding arthropods as a tool for human disease surveillance. | surveillance and monitoring of viral pathogens circulating in humans and wildlife, together with the identification of emerging infectious diseases (eids), are critical for the prediction of future disease outbreaks and epidemics at an early stage. it is advisable to sample a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates at different temporospatial levels on a regular basis to detect possible candidate viruses at their natural source. however, virus surveillance systems can be expensive, costly i ... | 2016 | 27775568 |
| viral metagenomics on animals as a tool for the detection of zoonoses prior to human infection? | many human viral infections have a zoonotic, i.e., wild or domestic animal, origin. several zoonotic viruses are transmitted to humans directly via contact with an animal or indirectly via exposure to the urine or feces of infected animals or the bite of a bloodsucking arthropod. if a virus is able to adapt and replicate in its new human host, human-to-human transmissions may occur, possibly resulting in an epidemic, such as the a/h1n1 flu pandemic in 2009. thus, predicting emerging zoonotic inf ... | 2014 | 24918293 |
| predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ... | 2014 | 25211133 |
| a metagenomic survey of viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from hubei province. | mosquitoes as one of the most common but important vectors have the potential to transmit or acquire a lot of viruses through biting, however viral flora in mosquitoes and its impact on mosquito-borne disease transmission has not been well investigated and evaluated. in this study, the metagenomic techniquehas been successfully employed in analyzing the abundance and diversity of viral community in three mosquito samples from hubei, china. among 92,304 reads produced through a run with 454 gs fl ... | 2015 | 26030271 |
| predicting human west nile virus infections with mosquito surveillance data. | west nile virus (wnv) has become established across the americas with recent heightened activity causing significant human illness. surveillance methods to predict the risk of human infection are urgently needed to initiate timely preventative measures and justify the expense of implementing costly or unpopular control measures, such as aerial spraying or curfews. we quantified the links between mosquito surveillance data and the spatiotemporal patterns of 3,827 human wnv cases reported over 5 y ... | 2013 | 23825164 |
| north american wetlands and mosquito control. | wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. there is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. mosquito control in wetlands is a complex issue influenced by ... | 2012 | 23222252 |
| west nile virus transmission in winter: the 2013 great salt lake bald eagle and eared grebes mortality event. | west nile virus (wnv) infection has been reported in over 300 species of birds and mammals. raptors such as eagles, hawks and falcons are remarkably susceptible, but reports of wnv infection in bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) are rare and reports of wnv infection in grebes (podicipediformes) even rarer. we report an unusually large wild bird mortality event involving between 15,000-20,000 eared grebes (podiceps nigricollis) and over 40 bald eagles around the great salt lake, utah, in nove ... | 2014 | 24761310 |
| bionomics and vector potential of culex thriambus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in lake county, california. | california statewide west nile virus (wnv) minimum infection rates in culex thriambus dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. to evaluate the role of cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of wnv in lake county, ca, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. culex thriambus was the most abundant mosqu ... | 2016 | 27493251 |
| metagenomic shotgun sequencing of a bunyavirus in wild-caught aedes aegypti from thailand informs the evolutionary and genomic history of the phleboviruses. | arthropod-borne viruses significantly impact human health. they span multiple families, all of which include viruses not known to cause disease. characterizing these representatives could provide insights into the origins of their disease-causing counterparts. field-caught aedes aegypti mosquitoes from nakhon nayok, thailand, underwent metagenomic shotgun sequencing to reveal a bunyavirus closely related to phasi charoen (phav) virus, isolated in 2009 from ae. aegypti near bangkok. phylogenetic ... | 2014 | 25108381 |
| prevalence of dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: onchocercidae) infection in aedes, culex, and culiseta mosquitoes from north san joaquin valley, ca. | canine heartworm is one of the most serious infections primarily affecting domestic dogs but will also infect cats and wild canids. to evaluate the potential of mosquitoes as vectors of dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis (leidy) in san joaquin county, ca, we collected mosquitoes in 2011 and analyzed for infection with heartworm by using polymerase chain reaction. of 3,000 mosquito pools (total number of specimens = 36,554), d. immitis dna was detected in 97 pools of seven species, and the overal ... | 2013 | 24843938 |
| mosquito capture rate using co2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and height: implications for avian disease transmission. | accumulating evidence suggests that enzootic transmission of pathogens such as west nile virus (wnv) by mosquitoes is governed by host-bird interactions, including mosquito preferences for specific species and developmental stages of host birds, host bird availability, and host defensive behavior. here, we examined how the attack rate of five mosquito species in southern california was influenced by the position of co2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and trap height. we identifie ... | 2016 | 27493249 |
| host (avian) biting preference of southern california culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | the host preference of a vector mosquito species plays a significant role in determining human and animal risk of infection with mosquito-transmitted pathogens. host preferences of common southern california culex species for four bird species, american crow (corvus brachyrhynchos), house sparrow (passer domesticus), house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), and mourning dove (zenaida macroura), were examined by determining the proportion of each mosquito species that successfully engorged on each of ... | 2012 | 22679878 |
| distribution of culex species in vegetation bands of a constructed wetland undergoing integrated mosquito management. | the distribution and abundance of emerging culex spp. were assessed within narrow (width: 3 m) and wide (width: 20 m) bands of california bulrush (schoenoplectus californicus) and in the open water adjacent to emergent vegetation in 2 marshes of an ammonia-dominated wastewater treatment wetland in southern california. emerging mosquitoes were collected along transects perpendicular to the path of water flow at 3 distances (1.5, 5, and 10 m) from the vegetation-open water interface in the wide ba ... | 2013 | 23687860 |
| larval behavior of four culex (diptera: culicidae) associated with treatment wetlands in the southwestern united states. | the diving behavior, aggregation, horizontal distribution under two food regimes, and response to change in ambient light level were studied for fourth instars of four culex species in the laboratory. under low food conditions, cx. erythrothorax larvae dived less frequently, exhibited greater aggregation, and had stronger preferences for the corners of the observation chamber than did larvae of three congeners (cx. tarsalis, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. stigmatosoma). under high food conditions ... | 2003 | 14714671 |
| mark-recapture of culex erythrothorax in santa cruz county, california. | the dispersal of the tule mosquito, culex erythrothorax, was studied in the proximity of lake tynan in the city of watsonville, ca. from july 18 to 20, 2000, approximately 43,000 female cx. erythrothorax were marked with luminous powder and released, using a distinct color each day. recaptures were sampled by using 21 carbon dioxide-baited traps ranging in distance from zero to 2.8 km from the release site. during the 5 days of postrelease sampling, 319 marked mosquitoes were recaptured. the per ... | 2003 | 12825664 |
| emergence patterns of culex mosquitoes at an experimental constructed treatment wetland in southern california. | the emergence patterns of mosquitoes inhabiting a 0.1-ha experimental wetland in southern california were monitored using emergence traps during the late summer and autumn of 1996. culex erythrothorax was the largest contributor to emerging populations, comprising 94% of the total emerged adults with an average emergence rate of 59 adults/day/m2. none of the culex species exhibited a pattern of emergence associated with water depth (range: 5-60 cm). culex quinquefasciatus and cx. tarsalis did no ... | 2000 | 10901635 |
| effect of marsh design on the abundance of mosquitoes in experimental constructed wetlands in southern california. | the species composition and abundance of larval mosquitoes were studied in the vegetated regions of 2 types of experimental constructed wetlands: one-phase marshes, which have continuous vegetation throughout the marsh, and 3-phase marshes, which have 2 vegetated regions separated by a region of comparatively deeper open water. larvae of culex spp. were significantly more abundant in one-phase marshes than in 3-phase marshes. larval populations in one-phase marshes also contained proportionately ... | 1998 | 9599330 |
| effect of co2 concentration on mosquito collection rate using odor-baited suction traps. | carbon dioxide (co2 ) has been used for decades to enhance capture of host-seeking mosquitoes when released in association with traps commonly used by mosquito and vector control agencies. however, there is little published work evaluating the effect of altering co2 release rates relative to the number of mosquitoes captured in these traps. this study investigated how varying co2 concentration altered the mosquito collection rate at a freshwater wetlands in southern california. host-seeking mosq ... | 2017 | 28504452 |