| antigenic relationship between human coronavirus strain oc 43 and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67n of swine: antibody responses in human and animal sera. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (hev) was adapted to growth in suckling mouse brain. electron micrographs of hev-infected suckling mouse brain, prepared by negative staining and thin-section techniques, exhibited typical morphological characteristics shared with other members of the coronaviridae. the adaptation of hev to suckling mouse brain facilitated serologic testing by the use of common host reagents and compatible animal systems. with hemagglutination inhibition, complem ... | 1977 | 65439 |
| antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. | utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ... | 1978 | 81044 |
| a new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. | coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of pigs during a diarrhea outbreak on 4 swine breeding farms. diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates, designated cv777, which was found to be distinct from the 2 known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | 1978 | 83132 |
| porcine parvovirus: frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection and viral contamination of fetal porcine kidney cell cultures. | the frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection of swine with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and one of the possible consequences of such infection--the presence of ppv in cell cultures prepared from fetal tissues--were investigated. transplacental infection was indicated by the presence of high titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody for ppv in serums of 0-day-old, hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs of 3 of 82 litters. all letters were farm-raised dams. moreover, ... | 1975 | 163603 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus: plaques and a plaque neutralization test. | a plaquing system and plaque neutralization test in porcine thyroid cells were used to study different transmissible gastroenteritis isolates and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. among transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates, plaque size varied considerably and mixed size ranges sometimes occurred. the most recently isolated viruses produced smaller plaques than the laboratory viruses or hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. all transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates reac ... | 1976 | 187296 |
| an electron microscopic study of experimentally-induced hev encephalitis. | a gnobiotic piglet, was inoculated intracerebrally with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (strain vw572). mononuclear cells formed vascular cuffs and were disseminated in the brain parenchyma. a few neurons were surrounded by the same kind of cells. virus particles morphologically similar to coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of both chromatolytic light neurons and hyperchromic dark neurons. the particles were in vesicles of distended endoplasmic reticulum and in the hypert ... | 1978 | 204096 |
| experimental infection of chickens with hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | chickens were experimentally infected with hemorrhagic enteritis virus, causing lesions similar to those observed in turkeys. lesions were induced by intraperitoneal and oral infection. virus particles with the morphology of adenovirus were demonstrated in the spleens of infected chickens. splenic extracts from infected chickens caused lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys. recovery from the infection in chickens was followed by the production of antibodies to hev, demonstrated by agar-gel ... | 1978 | 206247 |
| a seroepizootiologic study of five viruses in a swine-evaluation station. | this serologic study was done to gain information on the spread, maintenance, and effect upon performance of five porcine viruses. blood samples were taken from two groups of 8- to 11-week-old pigs from a large number of indiana swine herds in a performance-testing station 1 week after entry, 7 weeks after entry (one group only), and at slaughter. the sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody tests for antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), swine influenza virus (siv), ... | 1979 | 230762 |
| effect of sulphydryl reagents on the biological activities, polypeptide composition and morphology of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | the effect of sulphydryl reagents on haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), a coronavirus of pigs, was investigated. using increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol (dtt), 50% of the virus infectivity and haemagglutination (ha) activity could be removed by i.5 mm and 4 to 5 mm respectively. the effect of dtt concentrations on the polypeptide composition was also examined. of the three external glycoproteins gp 125 was found to be the most susceptible, 50% being removed by incubation ... | 1978 | 567674 |
| incidence of antibody for hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in serums from swine in the united states. | serums prepared from blood collected from swine in arizona, florida, georgia, hawaii, iowa, maine, new hampshire, oregon, vermont, and washington were examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for antibody to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev). antibody was detected in serums from swine in each of the states except maine, new hampshire, and vermont. the frequency of antibody ranged from 10.9% (6 of 55) with serums from swine in oregon, to 98.6% (71 of 72) with serums from ... | 1975 | 807134 |
| [hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) infections in swine. serologic indication for infectional occurrence in denmark]. | in 1956 a disease of nursing pigs previously unreported in denmark, was observed in several swine herds. the disease syndrome appeared identical with that later described by roe and alexander in 1958 and by s. f. cartwright and m. lucas in 1968. since 1956 there have been no reports of such outbreaks in danish herds. to investigate whether the virus is still present, a survey was carried out to detect neutralizing antibodies in sera from a number of boars using a micro technique. in 144 sera fro ... | 1975 | 1144016 |
| pathogenicity of field isolants of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus for neonatal pigs. | the pathogenicity of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus isolated from the brain of each of 5 pigs with clinical signs and microscopic lesions of encephalomyelitis (1 pig from each of 5 naturally infected herbs) was tested under experimental conditions. each isolant was administered intranasally to 5 neonatal pigs. clinically affected pigs developed either an acute or chronic form of illness, commencing 4 to 8 days after exposure. listless, inappetence, and vomiting were clinical signs comm ... | 1976 | 1248957 |
| porcine encephalomyelitis caused by hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | six epizootics of encephalomyeltis in suckling pigs in minnesota were attributed to infection with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. the disease occurred in 74 litters of pigs and was characterized by sudden onset of tremors, inappetence, weakness, atazia, and hyperesthesia, with high morbidity and case fatality rate. pathologic changes consisted of marked nonsuppurative, nondemyelinating encephalomyelitis characterized by perivascular mononuclear cuffing, gliosis, neuronal death, and sa ... | 1976 | 1248958 |
| [immunohistochemical study of hepatitis e virus antigen in liver tissues from patients with type e hepatitis]. | hepatitis e virus antigen (hev ag) has been identified in liver tissues of 6 out of 14 patients with type e hepatitis by direct immunoperoxidase staining, using anti-hev-igg-hrp. hev ag was found to be diffusive or inclusive in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were scattered and isolated, but might aggregate in some parts where the liver damage was severe. we found that lymphocyte invaded the hev ag positive hepatocyte. these phenomena suggest that the liver damage is related to immunoreaction. hev ... | 1992 | 1303848 |
| pathogenicity of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus for mouse and guinea pig. | | 1992 | 1313702 |
| relationship between age of flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus and appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubule epithelia of turkeys. | a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the temporal relationship between flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and the appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubular epithelium. the study was conducted on samples of turkey poults submitted to the fresno branch of the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system during may to december 1988. the study included 78 submissions (four to eight poults per submission) of ages ranging from 6 to 15 w ... | 1992 | 1314556 |
| isolation and serial propagation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell cultures and partial characterization of the isolate. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was isolated in vero cell cultures from the small intestine of a piglet experimentally infected with porcine coronavirus 83p-5, that had been isolated during outbreaks of porcine acute diarrhea and passaged in piglets. the isolation of the pedv was successful only in vero cells maintained in the maintenance medium (mm) containing trypsin. infected vero cell cultures exhibited cpe characterized by cell-fusion and syncytial formation, as well as cytoplasmic f ... | 1992 | 1318752 |
| viral susceptibility of an established cell line of swine embryo kidney. | the viral susceptibility of a cell line, named ksek6, newly established from the kidney cortex of swine embryo was tested for the indication of cpe occurrences and also plaque formations. the multiplication of porcine adenoviruses was considerably high in the cells among the virus strains tested though plaques of these viruses were hardly visible under agar overlay medium. two strains of swine enteroviruses, aujeszky's disease virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus also multiplied we ... | 1992 | 1323743 |
| recent developments in the molecular cloning and characterization of hepatitis c and e viruses. | the molecular properties of the genomes of both hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev), the major etiologic agents of non-a, non-b hepatitis, are briefly described. the organization of the genome of each of these viruses is discussed and compared to those of other related or distantly related viruses that contain single-stranded, positive-sense rna genomes. in the case of hev, the reactivity of expressed proteins and genetic divergence of geographically distinct isolates are also de ... | 1992 | 1326075 |
| increased numbers of duodenal mucosal mast cells in turkeys inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | the relation between average duodenal mast cell count, duodenal mucosal mast cell numbers, duodenal connective tissue mast cell numbers, circulating basophil numbers, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lesion score were studied to gain an understanding of the events that may lead to intestinal lesion formation associated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) infection. changes in vascular permeability in the duodenum in birds inoculated with hev were examined, using colloidal carbon and ferrit ... | 1992 | 1326244 |
| characterization of the structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | the structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis (hev), a turkey adenovirus, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and western blotting using polyspecific, monospecific and monoclonal antibodies for detection. in purified hev preparations, eleven polypeptides with apparent molecular weights ranging from 96,000 to 9,500 (96k to 9.5k), were specifically recognized by convalescent turkey serum. six of these polypeptides were further characterized by page, western blotting, elis ... | 1992 | 1326260 |
| [experimental infection with hepatitis e virus in rhesus monkeys]. | an experimental model of hepatitis e was established in rhesus monkeys. four animals were inoculated with stool suspensions that obtained from patients with hepatitis e. two animals injected with pbs were taken as negative controls. after 4-6 weeks the alt of the four animals infected hev raised 3-4 times and the live biopsy showed acidophilic degeneration of hepatocytes and coagulative liver cell necrosis. acidophilic bodies were frequently observed. foci of lytic single-cell necrosis were also ... | 1992 | 1338701 |
| [biological diagnosis of hepatitis e. completion of a test for detection of infected patients]. | the aim of this study is to set up a biological method for diagnosing hepatitis e using an immunoenzymatic technique. this technic attaches specific igm of a monkey experimentally infected with the hepatitis e virus to a solid phase. these antibodies capture the hev antigen (aghev) present in the stools of patients with hepatitis e. antigen was then revealed using purified and labelled igg from the same monkey. using this method, we were able to: prove the existence of sporadic cases of hepatiti ... | 1992 | 1345078 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute sporadic hepatitis e in egyptian children. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is thought to be a cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b (et-nanb) hepatitis. waterborne epidemics have been recorded in many developing countries, mainly affecting young-to-middle-aged adults; sporadic infection and overt illness in children are rare. however, a convenient and sensitive diagnostic test for hev infection is not yet available. we now report the use of a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) that detects igm and igg antibody to hev. in a pro ... | 1992 | 1346411 |
| hiv1 quantitation in infected patients: a comparison of cell viraemia, plasma viraemia and r-hev. | anti-hiv1 trials require sensitive, reproducible and reliable parameters which measure virus load and virus production. the aim of the present study of 14 patients at different cdc stages was to compare results provided by three techniques which evaluate, respectively, cell-associated hiv1 infectivity (cell viraemia), plasma-associated hiv1 infectivity (plasma viraemia) and radiation-resistant expression ex vivo (r-hev). for each patient, tcd4 lymphocytes were numbered and an hiv1 antigenaemia d ... | 1992 | 1348865 |
| seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis e in hong kong by recombinant-based enzyme immunoassays. | the agent that causes the enterally transmitted form of non-a, non-b hepatitis has been cloned and called hepatitis e virus (hev). we have carried out a seroepidemiological survey on the prevalence of hepatitis e in hong kong. in a retrospective study, serum from 394 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 355 healthy subjects was tested for antibodies to hev (anti-hev) with a recombinant-based enzyme immunoassay. 65 (16.5%) patients with hepatitis were positive for igm anti-hev and 23 (5.8%) we ... | 1992 | 1359270 |
| expression of a hepatitis e virus (hev)-trpe fusion protein containing epitopes recognized by antibodies in sera from human cases and experimentally infected primates. | a 1700 base cdna fragment coding for the putative structural gene(s) of hepatitis e virus (hev) was inserted into the path 10 expression vector. the fusion protein (c2) expressed by this plasmid was found to contain epitopes recognized by anti-hev antibodies. c2 protein was used in a western blot format to examine its usefulness in detecting anti-hev antibodies in well documented human cases of hev and non-human primates infected with hev. both igm and igg anti-hev could be detected in our weste ... | 1992 | 1373282 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| further characterization of the interaction between l-selectin and its endothelial ligands. | l-selectin is a lectin-like receptor on lymphocytes which mediates their attachment to high endothelial venules (hev) within lymph nodes. previous work has identified hev-associated endothelial ligands for l-selectin as sialylated, fucosylated and sulphated glycoproteins of approximately 50 kda and approximately 90 kda (sgp50 and sgp90). the interaction of l-selectin with these ligands is carbohydrate directed, reflecting the involvement of its amino-terminal, calcium-type lectin domain. it has ... | 1992 | 1384820 |
| enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis: epidemics, animal transmission, and hepatitis e virus detection by the polymerase chain reaction. | we studied epidemics of viral hepatitis occurring at three different places in india. one was a combined epidemic due to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. in this epidemic, hav affected children below 10 years of age, whereas hev infected the young adult population. hev was transmitted to rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata) and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on bile from the animals. fecal material from acutely infected patients in one of the epidemics ... | 1992 | 1402825 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in children living in cairo, egypt. | seventy-three pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 control patients without liver disease living in cairo, egypt, were evaluated with a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus (igm anti-hev). the mean age of acute hepatitis patients was 6.4 years (range, 1-13 years); 56% were male. among the 73 acute cases, hepatitis a was diagnosed in 30 (41%), possible acute hepatitis b in three (4%), hepatitis e in nine (12%), and by exclusion, non-a, non-b hepatitis ... | 1992 | 1402826 |
| hepatitis e: review. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. it resembles hepatitis a clinically and epidemiologically but show a higher mortality rate and less infectiousness. several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized once they contract hepatitis e. because of the low infectiousness, most of the adult population of endemic areas are susceptible to hepatitis e until an epidemic occurs, although they are almost always infected with h ... | 1992 | 1426862 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis e in the netherlands]. | at serological testing of 269 blood samples from patients sent in for hepatitis diagnostics and of 275 randomly selected samples from blood donors from all over the netherlands, eight and five samples, respectively, were found to contain a positive antibody titre against hepatitis e virus (hev). follow-up samples could be obtained from three patients: in one patient the anti-hev igg titre remained unchanged over a period of 6 months, in one other the titre fell below the limit of detection and i ... | 1992 | 1436187 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the mexico isolate of hepatitis e virus (hev). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major causative agent of hepatitis e or what was formerly known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the disease has a worldwide distribution but occurs principally in developing countries in any of three forms: large epidemics, smaller outbreaks, or sporadic infections. genetic variation of different hev strains was previously noted and it will be important to determine the extent to which this variation may pose problems in the diagnosis and treatme ... | 1992 | 1448913 |
| [hepatitis e in hetian city. analysis of 562 cases]. | between august and september 1987, 562 patients were hospitalized with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. the male to female ratio was 1.4:1, and 75% of the patients was of 15-40 years of age. jaundice developed in 87%. the overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%, but it was highest among pregnant women (5.2%) and newborn infants (24.2%). in general, the disease was self-limited with no evidence of chronic infection. liver biopsies obtained during the acute illness showed portal inflammation and cytoplas ... | 1992 | 1478123 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| computer-assisted assignment of functional domains in the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus: delineation of an additional group of positive-strand rna plant and animal viruses. | computer-assisted comparison of the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus (hev) with proteins of other positive-strand rna viruses allowed the identification of the following putative functional domains: (i) rna-dependent rna polymerase, (ii) rna helicase, (iii) methyltransferase, (iv) a domain of unknown function ("x" domain) flanking the papain-like protease domains in the polyproteins of animal positive-strand rna viruses, and (v) papain-like cysteine protease domain distantly relate ... | 1992 | 1518855 |
| indian hepatitis e virus shows a major deletion in the small open reading frame. | enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev), the causative agent for sporadic and large epidemic outbreaks in developing countries, contains a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. the genome of the virus encodes three open reading frames (orf1, orf2, and orf3). the gene segment corresponding to the small open reading frame (orf3), overlapping between orf1 and orf2, was synthesized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from a number of previously identif ... | 1992 | 1534953 |
| infection of owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) with hepatitis e virus from mexico. | owl and cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with hepatitis e virus (hev) to compare disease models and produce antibody and virus. by immune electron microscopy (iem), all six owl monkeys were shown to have serologic responses manifested by unusually high levels of anti-hev at 6 months, but only three developed hepatitis. virus-related antigen in liver (hev ag) was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy of biopsies from two of four owl monkeys; one with hev ag also had hev in acute-phase bile ... | 1992 | 1569334 |
| serologic identification of hepatitis e virus infections in epidemic and endemic settings. | recombinant chimeric protein c2 containing the n-terminal region of trpe (37 kilodaltons [kda]) and the c-terminal half (46.8 kda) of the polypeptide encoded by orf2 of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was used for the construction of a western blot diagnostic test for igg and igm antibodies to the virus (anti-hev). (the c2 protein and the trpe protein devoid of c2 activity and used as a control for non-specific reactions were purified by recovery from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... | 1992 | 1578218 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in sudanese children: analysis based on a new western blot assay. | a newly developed western blot assay for antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) was used to evaluate 39 cases of acute pediatric hepatitis and 39 control patients in khartoum, sudan. the mean age of cases was 6.5 years (range, 2-14); 64% were male. acute hepatitis a (igm anti-hav-positive) was diagnosed in 13 cases, acute hepatitis b (igm anti-hbc-positive) in 1, and acute hepatitis e (positive for igm anti-hev) in 23 (59%). none of the cases with igm anti-hav or igm anti-hbc had igm anti-hev; ... | 1992 | 1583317 |
| association of hepatitis e virus with an outbreak of hepatitis in pakistan: serologic responses and pattern of virus excretion. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a positive-strand rna agent, has been associated with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in asia, africa, and mexico. to evaluate the role of hev in an outbreak of hepatitis in pakistan, we used immune electron microscopy to detect 1) antibody to hev, for evidence of infection, and 2) virus, to determine the pattern of hev excretion. paired sera from 2 patients were assayed for antibody by using reference hev: one seroconverted, an atypical finding for hev in ... | 1992 | 1583470 |
| isolation and identification of hepatitis e virus in xinjiang, china. | this paper describes isolation and identification of a virus (termed strain 87a) which has the cytopathic effect and haemagglutination properties of hepatitis e virus (hev). this virus was isolated by tissue culture from the faeces of a patient with acute non-a, non-b enteric hepatitis in xinjiang, china. the isolated virus was neutralized by acute phase sera obtained from other patients with acute non-a, non-b enteric hepatitis. the virus particles also could be specifically aggregated with acu ... | 1992 | 1588318 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): strain variation in the nonstructural gene region encoding consensus motifs for an rna-dependent rna polymerase and an atp/gtp binding site. | hepatitis is transmitted by a number of infectious agents. the epidemiological characterization of waterborne or enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis (et-nanbh) is unique when compared with other known hepatitides. we have reported on the molecular cloning of a cdna clone derived from the etiologic agent associated with et-nanbh, the hepatitis e virus (hev). the complete sequence of these first molecular clones, isolated from an hev-infected human after passage in macaca fascicularis ( ... | 1992 | 1589964 |
| hepatitis e virus: the cause of a waterbourne hepatitis outbreak. | newly developed assays for antibody to hepatitis e virus (hev) were used to study 114 serum samples collected during an outbreak of enterically transmitted hepatitis that occurred in kashmir in 1978/9. the sera included samples from patients with viral hepatitis, anicteric hepatitis, contacts of cases, and unaffected persons. a total of 71% of patients with viral hepatitis were found positive for anti-hev specific igg, and 75% of these were also positive for igm. these data confirm the hepatitis ... | 1992 | 1619398 |
| solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hepatitis e virus igg and igm antibodies utilizing recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. | four recombinant antigens representing two distinct antigenic domains from two different strains of hepatitis e virus (hev), were used individually to develop four elisas designed to detect antibodies to hev. both igg and igm class antibodies to hev were detected in 7 of 8 pedigreed serum/plasma from known outbreaks of hev in mexico, burma, somalia and pakistan. in addition, specific hev-antibodies were detected in cynomolgus macaques following inoculation with various hev strains. anti-hev was ... | 1992 | 1644893 |
| identification and characterization of viral polypeptides from type-ii avian adenoviruses. | the polypeptides of serologically related viruses of hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys, marble spleen disease (msd) in pheasants, and splenomegaly in chickens (smc) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and analyzed by protein immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to he virus (hev). the viral polypeptides ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii were detected on sds-page with the size range from 18 to 97 kda in hev. viral polypeptides ii, iii, v, vi, a ... | 1991 | 1654036 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. | hemorrhagic enteritis (he), an economically important disease of turkeys is caused by a type ii adenovirus. the virus is ubiquitous and is liable to infect most field turkeys. in unprotected turkey flocks, infection with virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) may result in variable mortality and immunodepression. turkeys younger than 2-4 weeks of age are resistant to clinical he. this age-related resistance is expressed in the presence or absence of maternal antibodies against hev. clinical ... | 1991 | 1664163 |
| [the virus of non-a, non-b hepatitis. serological diagnosis]. | persistence of viral post-transfusion hepatitis together with epidemiological data led to identify 3 forms of clinical non a non b hepatitis: enteric, post-transfusional and sporadic hepatitis. two groups of viruses are responsible for this pathology; they are designated as hev (hepatitis e virus) and hcv (hepatitis c virus). hev described by d. bradley is a 27 to 34 nm. non enveloped particle containing a single strand rna and belonging to the calicivividae family. hcv described by m. houghton ... | 1991 | 1665269 |
| hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen: improved detection in stools by protein fv removal. | elisa detection of a hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen (hev-aag) in stools was reappraised for its possible interference with a new fab-binding factor, termed protein fv, released during infectious hepatitis. transaminase elevation, hev-aag discharge and fv leakage appeared simultaneously in a cercopithecus monkey inoculated with infected stools. labelled normal, or immune human igg, were compared with pre- and post-inoculation simian igg, for hev-aag and fv detection. coated normal and patie ... | 1991 | 1666435 |
| hepatitis e virus genome in stools of hepatitis patients during large epidemic in north india. | stool samples from patients affected during a large epidemic of hepatitis in north india were examined for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 6 of 10 samples studied were positive for the hev genome, which suggest that hev caused this large epidemic. | 1991 | 1681163 |
| hepatitis e virus: identification of type-common epitopes. | large epidemic outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b viral hepatitis (et-nanbh) have been documented in developing countries. a molecular clone derived from the causative agent, the hepatitis e virus (hev), has recently been described (g.r. reyes, m.a. purdy, j.p. kim, k.-c. luk, l.m. young, k.e. fry, and d. bradley, science 247:1335-1339, 1990). we now report the isolation, by serologic screening, of two cdna clones derived from a fecal sample collected during a 1986 outbreak of et- ... | 1991 | 1717709 |
| structural polypeptides of type ii avian adenoviruses analyzed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. | polypeptides of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys and marble spleen disease virus (msdv) of pheasants were analyzed by immune precipitation and immunoblot assays. a total of 11 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 14,000 to 97,000 were detected in lysates of hev-infected turkey cells analyzed by immunoblot assay using a polyclonal antibody against hev. identical patterns were observed with preparations of msdv. five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hev were chosen based o ... | 1991 | 1719952 |
| dissection of murine lymphocyte-endothelial cell interaction mechanisms by sv-40-transformed mouse endothelial cell lines: novel mechanisms mediating basal binding, and alpha 4-integrin-dependent cytokine-induced adhesion. | lymph node-derived endothelial cells were immortalized by infection with sv40 virus and subclones expressing the marker meca 325 specific for high-endothelial venules (hev) were selected. these transformed mouse endothelial (tme-) cell lines grow permanently without requirement for special growth factors. staining of the selected clones with endothelium-specific antibodies and with anti-von willebrand factor antiserum and uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein provide evidence for their en ... | 1991 | 1720392 |
| application of two rna extraction methods prior to amplification of hepatitis e virus nucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction. | amplification of the enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev) rna using conventional reverse transcriptase reactions followed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the cdna has not been successful. however, after application of two different rna capture/extraction methods we were able to amplify hev nucleic acid from clinical samples and specimens from experimentally infected animals. the first procedure, adapted from an immune electron microscopy (iem) technique, incorpora ... | 1991 | 1816258 |
| hepatitis e virus genome. molecular features, expression of immunoreactive proteins and sequence divergence. | the strategy for molecular cloning of hepatitis e virus (hev), the major etiologic agent of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is briefly described. the organization of the hev genome is discussed and compared to those of two other vertebrate viruses that contain single-stranded, positive-sense, polyadenylated rna genomes with three overlapping orfs. serologic cross-reactivity of expressed proteins and genetic divergence of hev isolates are also described within the context of seque ... | 1991 | 1822509 |
| hepatitis e virus. comparison of 'new and old world' isolates. | the etiologic agent responsible for epidemics of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis has been molecularly characterized as the hepatitis e virus (hev). the cloning of a portion of the burma strain of hev (hev(b); 'old world' strain) has been described together with the isolation of a contiguous overlapping set of cdna clones representing the entire viral genome. our studies have led to a model for the genomic organization of this positive strand, polyadenylated, rna virus. molecular c ... | 1991 | 1822510 |
| the phylogeny of rna-dependent rna polymerases of positive-strand rna viruses. | representative amino acid sequences of the rna-dependent rna polymerases of all groups of positive-strand rna viruses were aligned hierarchiacally, starting with the most closely related ones. this resulted in delineation of three large supergroups. within each of the supergroups, the sequences of segments of approximately 300 amino acid residues originating from the central and/or c-terminal portions of the polymerases could be aligned with statistically significant scores. specific consensus p ... | 1991 | 1895057 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): the novel agent responsible for enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a normally endemic form of viral hepatitis is the cause of major epidemic outbreaks in developing countries. this disease has a global distribution and has been referred to as water-borne, epidemic or enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis (et-nanbh). although the fecal-oral route of transmission predominates, person-to-person routes of exposure were also suggested in some epidemiologic studies. the disease has been documented as having an extremely high mortality in pregnant women (appr ... | 1991 | 1909254 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. | we have recently described the cloning of a portion of the hepatitis e virus (hev) and confirmed its etiologic association with enterically transmitted (waterborne, epidemic) non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome of approximately 7.5 kb, with a polyadenylated 3' end. we now report on the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of an overlapping, contiguous set of cdna clones representing the entire genome of the hev burma strain [hev(b)]. the larges ... | 1991 | 1926770 |
| outbreak of acute hepatitis e virus infection among military personnel in northern ethiopia. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occurred from october 1988 to march 1989 in military camps in northern ethiopia. the epidemic was waterborne and entirely confined to military men, of whom 423 hospitalized, icteric patients were studied. the clinical course was mild and short, without any fulminant hepatitis or death. all sera tested for anti-hav-igm were negative and among 54 (13%) patients who were positive for hbsag, 7 (2%) were positive for anti-hbc igm. on the other ha ... | 1991 | 1940876 |
| isolated he-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity. | bovine coronavirus (bcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) from swine were found to grow to high titers in mdck i cells, a subline of madin darby canine kidney cells. virus grown in these cells was used to isolate and purify the he-protein. this protein has been shown recently to have acetylesterase activity and to function as the receptor-destroying enzyme of bcv. here we show that hev contains this enzyme, too. the glycoproteins were solubilized by treatment of virions with oc ... | 1991 | 1984649 |
| isolation and characterization of the acetylesterase of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev). | | 1990 | 2103096 |
| transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis virus in macaca mulatta monkeys by intraportal route: subsequent passages of hev virus. | macaca mulatta monkeys have been used for the transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis (hev) virus by intraportal route. subsequent passages of hev virus have been completed in these monkeys. in the first passage, 2 monkeys were inoculated by intra-portal route with 27-34 nm virus-like particles (vlp) obtained from known epidemics of hev hepatitis in india, and biochemical and serological changes in the blood, histological changes in the liver and excretion of 27-34 nm vlp in the stool wer ... | 1990 | 2129831 |
| propagation of group ii avian adenoviruses in turkey and chicken leukocytes. | an avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus isolate (hev-a) as well as a virulent one (hev-v), both belonging to the group ii avian adenoviruses, were successfully propagated in turkey leukocyte cell cultures. hev antigens were detected as early as 12 hr after infection of the cells, using hev-specific monoclonal antibodies in a fluorescent antibody test, and virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the nuclei of infected cells at 18 to 24 hr after infection. electron microscopy reve ... | 1990 | 2157387 |
| efficacy of avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus propagated in turkey leukocyte cultures for vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys. | avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev-a) propagated in turkey leukocyte cell culture was tested as a vaccine to prevent hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys in experimental and field trials. immunization of turkeys with live hev-a resulted in protection against a challenge with virulent hev (hev-v) as measured by the serological response and the absence of clinical disease and hev antigen in spleens. in field trials, 19 out of 20 flocks seroconverted within 21 days after vaccination with l ... | 1990 | 2157395 |
| a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody and antigen. | a highly sensitive and specific double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for the detection of antigen and antibody of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the assay utilizes a virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to capture the antigen and turkey antiserum against hev as the second antibody. microtiter plates were first coated with a dilution of 1:3000 of the mab (300 ng immunoglobulin/well) and are used for detection of both antigen and antibody. for a ... | 1990 | 2164392 |
| identification of enterically transmitted hepatitis virus particles by solid phase immune electron microscopy. | small 'featureless' viruses (less than 50 nm) are difficult to identify by routine immune electron microscopy techniques, particularly when they are mixed with debris from stool or cell culture extracts. a combination of conventional immune electron microscopy (iem) and solid phase iem (spiem) methodologies was used to identify hepatitis a virus (hav) in stool and cell culture extracts and non-a non-b hepatitis (hepatitis e) in stool extracts. compared with conventional iem, the modified spiem m ... | 1990 | 2176664 |
| productive human immunodeficiency virus infection levels correlate with aids-related manifestations in the patient. | mononuclear cells were obtained from 71 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive subjects presenting and first visit either as asymptomatic or with minor symptoms and with cd4 lymphocytes greater than 550 per mm3 (group a, 35 patients) or as patients with aids, aids-related illnesses, or cd4 lymphocytes less than 400 per mm3 (group b, 36 patients). after 1-5 years of follow-up, 13 patients of group a had essentially retained their initial status (asymptomatics); the 22 others had ... | 1990 | 2217174 |
| hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus attaches to n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes: comparison with bovine coronavirus and influenza c virus. | the receptors for the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev, a porcine coronavirus) on chicken erythrocytes were analyzed and compared to the receptors for bovine coronavirus (bcv) and influenza c virus. evidence was obtained that hev requires the presence of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) on the cell surface for agglutination of erythrocytes as has been previously shown for bcv and influenza c virus: (i) incubation of red blood cells with sialate 9-o-acetylesterase, the ... | 1990 | 2385959 |
| virus-like particles in the liver of a patient with fulminant hepatitis and antibody to hepatitis e virus. | in earlier studies, hepatitis e virus (hev) particles were detected in the stools of patients with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b (enanb) hepatitis, and hev was etiologically associated with this disease. such particles have not been observed in the liver, however. we describe the pathological findings in the liver of a young pregnant woman from nepal who died as a result of fulminant nanb hepatitis. igm antibody to hev was detected in the patient's serum by immune electron microscopy, sug ... | 1990 | 2391510 |
| replication and plaque formation of swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (67n) in swine cell line, sk-k culture. | swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), 67n strain, adapted to suckling mouse brain, grew readily in a porcine cell line, sk-k cell culture with cytopathic effect (cpe) consisting of syncytium formation and detachment of fused cells and round cells from glass surface. after further passages in sk-k cell monolayers with undiluted culture fluid, cpe developed earlier and became complete within 48 h postinoculation (p.i.). viral specific antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of the in ... | 1990 | 2407748 |
| demonstration of viral antigen and immunoglobulin (igg and igm) in brain tissue of pigs experimentally infected with haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) was inoculated either orally or intranasally into ten 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. all infected pigs showed inappetence and listlessness, but there were no clinical signs of nervous disorder. severe encephalomyelitis, characterized by neuronophagia, focal gliosis and perivascular cuffing, was observed in the brain stem and cerebral cortex. nasally infected pigs, in particular, developed lesions in the area of the stria olfactoria and tractus olfa ... | 1989 | 2469703 |
| the interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses. | the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in pk-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. the most ... | 1989 | 2492445 |
| detection of turkey enteric coronavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and differentiation from other coronaviruses. | a double-antibody elisa for the detection of coronaviruses in intestinal contents from turkey poults with diarrhea was developed. antibodies were raised in rabbits and guinea pigs against a minnesota isolate of turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv) propagated in embryonating turkey eggs and were purified by density-gradient centrifugation. the specificity of antisera was confirmed by hemagglutination-inhibition and immunoelectron microscopy. absorption of anti-tcv hyperimmune sera with egg extracts o ... | 1989 | 2541641 |
| immunopathological and ultrastructural studies on the tonsil of gnotobiotic pigs infected with strain 67n of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | the 67n strain of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) was inoculated orally or nasally into ten 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. tonsillar changes characterized by epithelial degeneration and lymphatic cell infiltration occurred in the crypt from post-inoculation days (pid) 5 to 7, and hev was isolated from the tonsil on pid 3 and 5. ultrastructurally, many hev particles were found in the cisternae, cytoplasmic vesicules and extracellular spaces of crypt epithelium. immunohistologicall ... | 1989 | 2542386 |
| experimental infection of pigs with porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1989 | 2555621 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys: influence of maternal antibody and age at exposure. | the effect of maternal antibody (mab) to hemorrhagic enteritis (he) on the response of turkeys to infection with virulent and avirulent strains of he virus (hev) was examined. the influence of age at exposure and treatment with hev antibody on development of clinical he also was studied. mab protected poults from clinical he for up to 6 weeks of age. mab also interfered with vaccination against the disease for at least 5 weeks after hatching, as indicated by absence of hev antigen in spleens and ... | 1989 | 2559708 |
| some observations on the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with various strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus. | the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with three strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus was examined. marble spleen disease (msd) virus of pheasants and both avirulent and virulent strains of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys all induced typical gross and microscopic splenic lesions of msd; neither msd-associated lung lesions nor mortality were noted in inoculated pheasants, regardless of strain of virus used. pheasants inoculated with a cell-cultur ... | 1988 | 2848487 |
| respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkeys in brittany, france. iii. interaction of multiple infecting agents. | a candidate breeder flock of turkeys was studied during and after an outbreak of rhinotracheitis. laboratory studies revealed the presence of three pathogens during the acute phase of the disease. these agents were hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), paramyxovirus type 2 (pmv2), and chlamydia. twenty-five turkeys in the flock were individually identified, and blood samples from these birds were collected for serological studies each week for 21 weeks. the serological results revealed high titers ... | 1985 | 2985039 |
| immunosuppressive effects of virulent strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus in turkeys vaccinated against newcastle disease. | one week after infection with a virulent strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), turkeys were vaccinated for newcastle disease. the effect of a virulent strain of hev on turkeys' immune response to newcastle disease vaccine and the mitogenic response of their whole blood peripheral lymphocytes were examined. the results revealed a statistically significant difference (p less than .01) in the newcastle disease hemagglutination inhibition (ndhi) antibody titers from turkeys infected with viru ... | 1985 | 2986088 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys in california: serologic study of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the incidence of hemorrhagic enteritis (he) infection in california turkeys was studied by testing 2220 turkey blood samples from 173 flocks for he virus (hev) antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). maternal antibody was detected at 1 day of age in all flocks tested, and it vanished after 3 weeks. acquired hev antibody appeared at 8 to 10 weeks, and 100% of the meat and breeder turkey flocks were positive after 11 weeks of age. hev infection occurred earlier in the meat flock ... | 1985 | 2992436 |
| quantitation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antigen and antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed to quantitate hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) antibodies in turkey sera and hev antigens in tissue extracts. these assays were more sensitive than the commonly used agar-gel precipitin tests in detecting antigen and antibody. the antibody-elisa was used to monitor the presence and decline of passive antibodies in turkey poults and the seroconversion of turkeys infected with hev. the antigen-elisa was carried out using a monoclonal anti ... | 1986 | 3028352 |
| isolation of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from respiratory tract of pigs in japan. | | 1987 | 3033381 |
| further studies on in vitro and in vivo assays of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). | isolation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) from spleens of infected turkeys in the mdtc-rp19 lymphoblastoid cell line was compared with detection of hev antigen in the same spleens using the agar gel precipitation (agp) test. a concordance of 80% was found between the two assays. virus isolation had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% compared with the agp test. rp19 cells were also susceptible to infection with several other avian adenoviruses, but such infection was easily differ ... | 1987 | 3039962 |
| pathogenesis of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) in mice experimentally infected by different routes. | three-day-old suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) with the 67n strain of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) showed nervous signs and died. the virus was passaged 10 times in suckling mice and was designated the mb-67n strain. the pathogenesis of mb-67n was studied with various ages of mice and inoculation routes. all mice inoculated i.c. with a large dose of virus died regardless of age, although a smaller dose caused fatal infection only in suckling mice. by intranasal, ... | 1986 | 3546411 |
| colibacillosis of turkeys exacerbated by hemorrhagic enteritis virus. laboratory studies. | lesions typical of colibacillosis disease were reproduced in laboratory experiments. mortality resulting from experimentally produced colibacillosis was significantly increased when escherichia coli o1:k1 was presented to poults that had been orally inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) 1 week earlier. these and previous data suggest that hev infection can exacerbate colibacillosis of older poults. hev infection apparently damages the poults' defense system enough to account for the ... | 1985 | 3907613 |
| porcine coronaviruses: co-infection of cell cultures with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1973 | 4196485 |
| evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion for detection of immunologic response of pigs to experimental infection with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1974 | 4215345 |
| studies on the hemagglutination phenomenon of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) of pigs. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), unlike other coronaviruses, readily agglutinates a variety of red blood cells. the reaction differs from that of the myxovirus/paramyxovirus groups in several respects. unlike the myxoviruses, hev agglutinated red cells treated with receptor destroying enzyme. no neuraminidase activity was demonstrated with hev and there was no apparent elution of the virus from agglutinated cells. mucins and animal sera inhibited the agglutination reaction markedl ... | 1972 | 4263916 |
| buoyant density of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine: comparison with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | | 1972 | 4339084 |
| a serological survey on hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus infection in pigs in japan. | | 1974 | 4474557 |
| experimentally induced infection of newborn pigs with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67n. | | 1972 | 4553997 |
| hemadsorption plaque assay for hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1972 | 4561526 |
| microadaption of hemadsorption inhibition for neutralization tests with pig hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | a microneutralization test is described, in which secondary pig thyroid cells are used and end points are determined by hemadsorption with hamster erythrocytes. the method is evaluated and compared with a macromethod, in which the fluorescent-antibody staining technique is applied for reading titers. the micromethod was found to be useful because of its sensitivity and rapidity. | 1974 | 4608721 |
| precipitating antigens of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus demonstrated by agar gel immunodiffusion. | | 1972 | 4625093 |
| lesions induced by hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67n in pigs. | | 1972 | 5074702 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hemorrhagic enteritis virus and associated antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects antibodies specific for type ii avian adenoviruses is described. freon-treated extracts from spleens of hemorrhagic enteritis (hev)-infected poults were a better source of antigen than the cell-culture-propagated virus. antigen-coated microtiter wells treated with bovine serum albumin reduced nonspecific adsorption of immunoglobulins. the elisa readily detected antibodies in hemorrhagic-enteritis- and marble-spleen-disease-infected field ... | 1984 | 6091606 |
| serological relation between calf diarrhea coronavirus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | neutralizing (nt) and hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to calf diarrhea coronavirus (cdcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (hev) (strain 67n) were detected in high proportions of normal adult cattle and pigs in japan. since comparison of nt and hi titers in the serum samples suggested in antigenic difference between the viruses, cross nt and hi tests of these viruses were carried out with antisera raised in rabbits. the homologous nt titers were markedly higher t ... | 1980 | 6159873 |
| an immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent study on the antigenic relationship between the coronavirus-like agent, cv 777, and several coronaviruses. | a possible antigenic relationship between the porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus-like agent (cvla) and 6 known coronaviruses was examined by immunoelectron microscopy (iem) and by immunofluorescence (if). cvla did not show cross reactivity with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), canine coronavirus (ccv) hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdcv) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). antigenic relatio ... | 1981 | 6166280 |