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seasonal distribution and relationship to temperature and precipitation of the most abundant species of culicoides in five provinces of andalusia, spain.a total of 177,344 culicoides specimens were collected from 3,109 light trap collections made weekly from august 1990 to october 1991 at 62 sites in the provinces of cádiz, córdoba, huelva, seville, and málaga, spain. reported for the 1st time are culicoides agathensis, culicoides bahrainensis, culicoides marcleti, and culicoides odiatus in the iberian peninsula, and culicoides scoticus in andalusia, spain. as a group, culicoides were active throughout the year. the 3 most common species were cu ...199910480132
comparison of intertypic antigenicity of aino virus isolates by dot immunobinding assay using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the aino virus were prepared, and the neutralizing epitopes of the virus were defined by competitive binding assay. seven continuous and overlapping neutralizing epitopes existed on the g1 glycoprotein of the aino virus. two antigenic domains were identified and were designated i and ii, with domain ii consisting of six epitopes. dot immunobinding assays (dias) were performed with mabs that recognized these seven neutralizing epitopes. dias were ...200011060092
[formation of the peritrophic membrane in the gut of colicoides punctatus (diptera: ceratopogonidae)].using light and electron microscopy, the structure of the peritrophic membrane (pm) was studied in females of the biting midge culicoides punctatus (mg.) during the process of blood meal digestion. the pm formation occurs in the posterior part of midgut and lasts during the most time of the digestive cycle. the pm precursors are probably not associated with any intracellular granules. the pm consists of two main components: light structural component and dark amorphous matrix, both of which are ...200415069875
contribution to the knowledge of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) host preferences in france.knowledge on host-feeding pattern of blood-sucking insects helps to understand the epidemiology of a vector-born disease. we determined blood meal origin from blood-fed culicoides thanks to molecular techniques. a set of primers was used to selectively amplify segment of vertebrates' prepronociceptin gene from abdomen of engorged culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). vertebrate dna was successfully amplified in 91% of blood-fed culicoides assayed. direct sequencing and comparison of resultant s ...201020967462
molecular identification of bloodmeals from biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides latreille) in denmark.culicoides vectors are critical to the survival and transmission of bluetongue virus as infection only occurs in areas or regions where competent vectors are present. the success of culicoides biting midges as vectors is mainly related to their vast population sizes and to their means of dispersal. their choice of host for blood feeding is sparsely described. the aim of the present study was to establish methods for the identification of bloodmeal hosts and determine the identity and diversity o ...201020978788
phenology and attraction of potential culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in basque country (northern spain).bluetongue virus is transmitted by culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). culicoides associated with livestock were captured using cdc blacklight traps at three btv-infected farms in basque country between november 2007 and december 2008. twenty-seven and nineteen culicoides species were collected in outdoor and indoor habitats respectively. indoor insect community represented 86.1% of the whole captured individual biting midges. culicoides obsoletus/culicoides scoticus (two siblin ...201122137350
culicoides species communities associated with wild ruminant ecosystems in spain: tracking the way to determine potential bridge vectors for arboviruses.the genus culicoides latreille 1809 is a well-known vector for protozoa, filarial worms and, above all, numerous viruses. the bluetongue virus (btv) and the recently emerged schmallenberg virus (sbv) are responsible for important infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral diseases found in domestic ruminants and transmitted by culicoides spp. both of these diseases have been detected in wild ruminants, but their role as reservoirs during the vector-free season still remains relatively unknow ...201526510136
activity of culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) inside and outside of livestock stables in late winter and spring.culicoides latreille, 1809 midge species are the putative vectors of bluetongue virus (btv) and schmallenberg virus (sbv) in europe. to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases, basic knowledge about the overwintering of the vectors is needed. therefore, we investigated culicoid activity in relation to air temperature at livestock stables during late winter and spring season. ceratopogonids were captured weekly indoors and outdoors on three cattle farms, three horse farms ...201728054179
a survey of culicoides developmental sites on a farm in northern spain, with a brief review of immature habitats of european species.culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) belonging to the obsoletus and pulicaris groups are considered to be the main vectors of bluetongue virus (btv) in non mediterranean europe. selected terrestrial microhabitats (n=17) on a farm in northern spain were sampled repeatedly over a year-long period and characterized for use by culicoides species for immature development. concurrent use of cdc light traps showed the presence of 37 species and 66,575 specimens of adult culicoides. a total of ...201322999100
the geographical distribution and first molecular analysis of culicoides latreille (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species in the southern and southeastern turkey during the 2012 outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever.this study investigated the geographical distribution and molecular analysis of culicoides species in the southern and southeastern turkey during the 2012 outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever (bef). the midge specimens caught by onderstepoort-type light traps from livestock farms were tested for molecular evidence of existence of viral genome. blood specimens were collected from clinically bef-suspected acute febrile cattle. total nucleic acid samples obtained from field specimens were checked aga ...201425199552
community analysis of biting midges (culicoides latr.) on livestock farms in denmark.this study presents descriptive statistics and community analysis of adult biting midges trapped at 16 livestock farms by means of light traps on zealand and lolland-falster, denmark. a total of 9,047 male and female culicoides divided into 24 species, were caught. biotic and abiotic factors ranging from presence of different host species (cattle or sheep/goats), presence of small woody areas or wetlands in the surrounding landscape, and agricultural practice (organic or conventional) were inclu ...201425326377
epidemiological and molecular studies on lumpy skin disease outbreaks in turkey during 2014-2015.this study was carried out to explore epidemiological and molecular features of lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) in the aegean, central anatolian and mediterranean regions of turkey, to evaluate the risk factors associated with lsdv infection and to investigate the financial impact of lsd and potential role of the culicoides spp. in the transmission of lsdv. samples were obtained from 611 cattle, each from different farms, and each clinically suspected to be infected with lsdv during the months o ...201627039847
first detection of endosymbiotic bacteria in biting midges culicoides pulicaris and culicoides punctatus, important palaearctic vectors of bluetongue virus.heritable bacteria have been highlighted as important components of vector biology, acting as required symbionts with an anabolic role, altering competence for disease transmission, and affecting patterns of gene flow by altering cross compatibility. in this paper, we tested eight u.k. species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) midge for the presence of five genera of endosymbiotic bacteria: cardinium (bacteroidales: bacteroidaceae); wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae); spiroplasma ( ...201424612104
vector species of culicoides midges implicated in the 2012‑2014 bluetongue epidemics in italy.in 2012, serotypes 1 and 4 of bluetongue virus (btv) entered and co‑circulated in sardinia. the following year, btv‑1 spread all over sardinia and invaded sicily and the italian tyrrenian coast. in 2014, this strain spread extensively in mainland italy, causing severe outbreaks. in late 2014, btv‑4 was detected in southern italy (apulia region). this study reports the detection of btv in species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected in italy during the epidemics between 2012 and 201 ...201526129664
flight and swarming behaviour of culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on a livestock farm in northern spain.the efficacy of sweep nets and a cdc white light-suction trap for the sampling of culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were compared on a livestock farm in northern spain during the summer of 2013. a total of 6,082 specimens representing 26 species were collected with sweep nets in 4 areas at di erent heights (ground level, 1.5 m, and 3 m), and 8,463 specimens representing 28 species with a single white light trap. eight species - culicoides brunnicans, culicoides punctatus, culicoides ...201728675253
revealing potential bridge vectors for btv and sbv: a study on culicoides blood feeding preferences in natural ecosystems in spain.several species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens, such as the bluetongue (btv) and schmallenberg (sbv) viruses, which cause important diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. as wild ruminants can contribute to overwintering and epizootics of both diseases, knowledge of the host-feeding behaviour of culicoides in natural ecosystems is important to better understand their epidemiology. blood-engorged culicoides females trapped in natural areas inhabited by differe ...201728857265
ledantevirus: a proposed new genus in the rhabdoviridae has a strong ecological association with bats.the le dantec serogroup of rhabdoviruses comprises le dantec virus from a human with encephalitis and keuriliba virus from rodents, each isolated in senegal. the kern canyon serogroup comprises a loosely connected set of rhabdoviruses many of which have been isolated from bats, including kern canyon virus from california, nkolbisson virus from cameroon, central african republic, and cote d'ivoire, kolente virus from guinea, mount elgon bat and fikirini viruses from kenya, and oita virus from jap ...201425487727
kolente virus, a rhabdovirus species isolated from ticks and bats in the republic of guinea.kolente virus (kolev) is a rhabdovirus originally isolated from ticks and a bat in guinea, west africa, in 1985. although tests at the time of isolation suggested that kolev is a novel rhabdovirus, it has remained largely uncharacterized. we assembled the complete genome sequence of the prototype strain dakar k7292, which was found to encode the five canonical rhabdovirus structural proteins (n, p, m, g and l) with alternative orfs (>180 nt) in the p and l genes. serologically, kolev exhibited a ...201324062532
feeding behaviour of culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on cattle and sheep in northeast germany.culicoides spp. play an important role in the transmission of several vector-borne pathogens such as bluetongue and schmallenberg virus in europe. to better understand the biology of local culicoides species, a study divided into three parts was performed in northeast germany to elucidate the feeding activity patterns (study a), preferential landing and feeding sites (study b) and host feeding preferences (study c) of culicoides spp. using cattle and sheep as baits.201424438698
seasonal abundance of biting midges, culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae), collected at cowsheds in the southern part of the republic of korea.black light traps were used to measure the seasonal and geographical distribution of culicoides spp. (biting midges or no-see-ums) at 9 cowsheds in the southern half of the republic of korea (rok) from june through october 2010. a total of 25,242 culicoides females (24,852; 98.5%) and males (390; 1.5%) comprising of 9 species were collected. the most commonly collected species was culicoides punctatus (73.0%) followed by c. arakawae (25.7%), while the remaining 7 species accounted for <1.0% of a ...201222711923
seasonal abundance of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected by mosquito magnet® in northern gyeonggi-do (province), korea.biting midges (culicoides: ceratopogonidae) were collected by mosquito magnet® traps at the neutral nations supervisory commission (nnsc) camp and daeseongdong village inside the demilitarized zone (dmz) and near the military demarcation line (mdl) separating north and south korea and at warrior base (us army training site) and tongilchon 3 km south of the dmz in northern gyeonggi province, republic of korea (rok), from may-october 2010-2012, to determine their seasonal distributions. a total of ...201424623883
arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis.effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ...026543242
host-seeking activity of bluetongue virus vectors: endo/exophagy and circadian rhythm of culicoides in western europe.feeding success of free-living hematophagous insects depends on their ability to be active when hosts are available and to reach places where hosts are accessible. when the hematophagous insect is a vector of pathogens, determining the components of host-seeking behavior is of primary interest for the assessment of transmission risk. our aim was to describe endo/exophagy and circadian host-seeking activity of palaearctic culicoides species, which are major biting pests and arbovirus vectors, usi ...201223144735
identity and diversity of blood meal hosts of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides latreille) in denmark.host preference studies in haematophagous insects e.g. culicoides biting midges are pivotal to assess transmission routes of vector-borne diseases and critical for the development of veterinary contingency plans to identify which species should be included due to their risk potential. species of culicoides have been found in almost all parts of the world and known to live in a variety of habitats. several parasites and viruses are transmitted by culicoides biting midges including bluetongue viru ...201222824422
delineation of culicoides species by morphology and barcode exemplified by three new species of the subgenus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from scandinavia.culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) cause biting nuisance to livestock and humans and are vectors of a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. despite their economic significance, the delineation and identification of species where only morphology is considered, as well as the evolutionary relationships between species within this genus remains problematic. in recent years molecular barcoding has assisted substantially in the identification of biting midges in th ...201525889579
hyaluronidase activity in saliva of european culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae).biting midges of the genus culicoides transmit pathogens of veterinary importance such as bluetongue virus (reoviridae: orbivirus). the saliva of culicoides is known to contain bioactive molecules including peptides and proteins with vasodilatory and immunomodulative properties. in this study, we detected activity of enzyme hyaluronidase in six culicoides species that commonly occur in europe and that are putative vectors of arboviruses. hyaluronidase was present in all species studied, although ...201526487248
application of broad-spectrum resequencing microarray for genotyping rhabdoviruses.the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is critical in the control of infectious disease. to this end, we analyzed the capacity for viral detection and identification of a newly described high-density resequencing microarray (rma), termed pathogenid, which was designed for multiple pathogen detection using database similarity searching. we focused on one of the largest and most diverse viral families described to date, the family rhabdoviridae. we demonstrate that this approach has th ...201020610710
some new records of culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from iran.biting midges of the genus culicoides act as vectors for important diseases affecting humans and both wild and domestic animals. collection of adult culicoides specimens in the near vicinity of vertebrate hosts is the major part of any bluetongue surveillance plan. there are old records of culicoides species dated from 1963, 1968 and 1975. therefore, it was decided to collect different ceratopogonids members using a light trap.201628032099
pcr detection of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians: the sensitive methodology in determining bird-biting insects.knowledge about feeding preference of blood-sucking insects is important for the better understanding epidemiology of vector-borne parasitic diseases. extraction of dna from blood present in abdomens of engorged insects provides opportunities to identify species of their vertebrate hosts. however, this approach often is insufficiently sensitive due to rapid degeneration of host dna in midguts. recent studies indicate that avian malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) and related haemosporidians (hae ...201627207268
Seasonal dynamics of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides), the potential vectors of bluetongue virus, in Sweden.The outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe 2006 initiated the monitoring of vectors, biting midges of the genus Culicoides in Sweden. In order to determine the diversity, distribution and seasonal dynamics of Culicoides, weekly collections were made during 2008 and during March-December 2009 using the Ondestepoort Veterinary Institute black light trap. Twenty sampling sites were selected in 12 provinces. In total of 30,704 Culicoides were collected in 2008 and 32,252 in 2009. The most ab ...201121944873
Impacts of climate, host and landscape factors on Culicoides species in Scotland.Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector a wide variety of internationally important arboviral pathogens of livestock and represent a widespread biting nuisance. This study investigated the influence of landscape, host and remotely-sensed climate factors on local abundance of livestock-associated species in Scotland, within a hierarchical generalized linear model framework. The Culicoides obsoletus group and the Culicoides pulicaris group accounted for 56% and 41%, respectively ...201122103842
molecular differentiation of culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from the subgenus culicoides latreille in denmark.identification of culicoides biting midges to species has attracted attention due to the recent outbreak of bluetongue disease in northern europe. identification of culicoides to species level has been based on morphological characters and is difficult as several species belonging to species complexes are hard to distinguish. we evaluated the use of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i gene (coi) barcode region in the identification of species within the subgenus culicoides. coi barcode se ...201122037825
assessment of vector/host contact: comparison of animal-baited traps and uv-light/suction trap for collecting culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), vectors of orbiviruses.abstract:201121707980
epidemiological investigation of bovine ephemeral fever outbreaks in israel.outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (bef) occurred in israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. the main patterns of bef spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the bef virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the rift valley and the red sea. in the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern mediterranean coastal plain and the disease agent was apparently brought by infected mosquitoes carried from their breeding site in the nile delt ...201020814543
peritrophic matrix of phlebotomus duboscqi and its kinetics during leishmania major development.light microscopy of native preparations, histology, and electron microscopy have revealed that phlebotomus duboscqi belongs to a class of sand fly species with prompt development of the peritrophic matrix (pm). secretion of electron-lucent fibrils, presumably chitin, starts immediately after the ingestion of a blood meal and, about 6 h later, is followed by secretion of amorphous electron-dense components, presumably proteins and glycoproteins. the pm matures in less than 12 h and consists of a ...200919471970
[culicoides latr, 1809 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species in the niğde province].this study was carried out in order to detect culicoides species in the niğde province (tepe and mezbaha) from june 2001-october 2001. light traps were used for the collection of culicoides specimens. the culicoides specimens were cleared in phenol alcohol and they were mounted on slides. in this study a total of 593 culicoides specimens composed of 548 females and 45 males were collected and 12 species (culicoides punctatus, c. circumscriptus, c. festivipennis, c. gejgelensis, c. longipennis, c ...200617124662
host preferences of ornithophilic biting midges of the genus culicoides in the eastern balkans.many biting midges of the genus culicoides latreille, 1809 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are competent vectors of a diverse number of pathogens. the identification of their feeding behaviour and of vector-host associations is essential for understanding their transmission capacity. by applying two different nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, of which one targeted the avian cyt b gene and the other targeted the coi gene of a wide range of vertebrates, we identified the blood hosts of six ...201525689114
comparative study of antennal and maxillary palp olfactory sensilla of female biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides) in the context of host preference and phylogeny.culicoides biting midges (diptera ceratopogonidae) are vectors of disease, including bluetongue and african horse sickness. host preference of these insects is primarily regulated by olfactory cues, detected by olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps. in this study, we analyzed the sensillum repertoire of biting midge species with known host preferences. five different morphological sensillum types, sensilla trichodea, s. chaetica, s. ampullacea, s. coeloconica, and grooved peg se ...201323802442
detection of the schmallenberg virus in nulliparous culicoides obsoletus/scoticus complex and c. punctatus--the possibility of transovarial virus transmission in the midge population and of a new vector.the arthropod-borne schmallenberg virus (sbv) emerged in europe in the late summer/autumn of 2011. sbv spread across the continent until 2012. this paper presents sbv detection in female culicoides spp. caught in uv traps located in 23 different locations in poland. the midges were divided into pools containing 20.5 individual insects on average according to species and parity status. the study was based on duplex real-time reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) for the detection of the sbv s segmen ...201323928121
morphology and dna barcoding reveal three species in one: description of culicoides cryptipulicaris sp. nov. and culicoides quasipulicaris sp. nov. in the subgenus culicoides.species of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are well known for their importance in the field of medical and veterinary entomology. culicoides spp. transmit a wide variety of pathogens, primarily viruses that affect animals and humans. in europe, the most economically important disease transmitted by culicoides is bluetongue (bt). culicoides spp. have been recently involved as primary vectors for schmallenberg disease. the taxonomy within the subgenus culicoides has been historical ...201728370147
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