| gastrointestinal helminthosis in the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) and response to albendazole. | | 1990 | 2301102 |
| descriptive and comparative myology of the forelimb of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa l. 1758). | a description is given of the anatomy of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the forelimb of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa, l. 1758). three adult animals, two males and a female were dissected and the results compared with the previously published information. significant differences were found between the accounts, and these were analysed within the context of material availability and advances in anatomical nomenclature. comparisons made with published descriptions of the pig (sus scrof ... | 1989 | 2624327 |
| the placenta and cardiac foramen ovale of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). | the structures of the placenta and the cardiac foramen ovale of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) were studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopy, with material from eleven fetal and neonatal animals. the babirusa has a diffuse epitheliochorial placenta. the chorion of the term placenta is fusiform in shape, and most of its surface comprises rows of villi interrupted by round, oval or irregularly shaped aerolae. a network of fetal placental capillaries indents the epithelial lay ... | 1994 | 7887499 |
| descriptive and comparative myology of the hindlimb of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa l. 1758). | a description is given of the anatomy of the muscles of the hindlimb of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa l. 1758). four adult animals, two males and two females were dissected and the results compared with previously published information. significant differences were found between the accounts and these were analysed within the contexts of material availability and advances in anatomical nomenclature. comparisons made with published descriptions of the pig (sus scrofa) showed that the muscular ... | 1995 | 8546328 |
| recent fusion events during evolution of pig chromosomes 3 and 6 identified by comparison with the babirusa karyotype. | the chromosomes of the babirusa, a species considered to have diverged from an ancestor of the pig during the miocene epoch, about 12-26 million years ago, were studied to determine the sites of recent rearrangements during evolution of the domestic pig. it is shown that there is a pericentric inversion of the entire short arm on pig chromosome 1, compared to its counterpart in the babirusa (chromosome 15). we also present evidence suggesting that pig chromosome 3 was derived by a telomere-centr ... | 1996 | 8697808 |
| chromosome homology between the domestic pig and the babirusa (family suidae) elucidated with the use of porcine painting probes. | homology among three pairs of domestic pig (sus scrofa) and five pairs of babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) autosomes has been demonstrated with the use of porcine painting probes. with the results of this study, in addition to data obtained earlier through the application of banding techniques, correspondence between all individual chromosomes of these two distantly related pigs has been identified. | 1996 | 8995485 |
| localization of the 18s, 5.8s and 28s rrna genes and the 5s rrna genes in the babirusa and the white-lipped peccary. | the locations of the genes encoding 18s, 5.8s and 28s rrna and 5s rrna were studied in two relatives of the domestic pig, the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) and the white-lipped peccary (tayassu pecari). in the babirusa, the 18s, 5.8s and 28s rdna is located on chromosomes 6, 8 and 10. the genes on chromosomes 8 and 10 are actively transcribed, in contrast to those on chromosomes 6. in the white-lipped peccary, this rdna was found to be located on chromosomes 4 and 8. the genes on both of these ... | 1997 | 9284936 |
| from babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) to domestic pig: the nutrition of swine. | | 1997 | 9483666 |
| cutaneous aspergillosis in a babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) | | 1998 | 9854325 |
| genetically engineered mengo virus vaccination of multiple captive wildlife species. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), has caused the deaths of many species of animals in zoological parks and research institutions. the audubon park zoo, (new orleans, louisiana, usa) attempted vaccination of several species with a killed emcv vaccine with mixed results. this paper reports an attempt at vaccination against emcv using a genetically engineered, live attenuated mengo virus (vmc0) at the audubon park zoo and miami metro zoo, (miami, florida, usa) from december 1996 to june 1997. seve ... | 1999 | 10231768 |
| anatomy and histology of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) stomach. | stomachs from six adult and one 12-month-old babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) were collected from zoological gardens. the babirusa stomach was larger than that of the domestic pig (sus scrofa), and possessed a large diverticulum ventriculi. its gastric glands were confined to a small, easily identifiable unit at the end of the corpus ventriculi, and the connections between the different stomach parts were wide and unrestricted, with the exception of the well-defined connection between the divertic ... | 1999 | 10656148 |
| immobilization of babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) with xylazine and tiletamine/zolazepam and reversal with yohimbine and flumazenil. | twelve babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) (four females/eight males) were immobilized 30 times during a 4-yr interval. significantly higher premedication and immobilizing doses were needed for females than for males (p < 0.05). an i.m. preanesthetic xylazine dose of 1.88 +/- 0.37 mg/kg (range = 1.20-2.12 mg/kg) was used for females and 1.22 +/- 0.16 mg/kg (range = 0.82-1.43 mg/kg) for males. after xylazine, the animals were induced with i.m. tiletamine/zolazepam; females received 2.20 +/- 0.47 mg/kg ... | 1999 | 10749438 |
| immunohistochemical study on the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the babirusa, babyrousa babyrussa (suidae). | the distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the babirusa were studied immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. thirteen types of gut endocrine cells were detected; they were immunoreactive for chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp), glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin (cck), methionine-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 (menk8), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (gip) and pep ... | 2000 | 10916880 |
| monitoring pregnancy in babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) with transabdominal ultrasonography. | this case report documents the application of transabdominal ultrasonography for detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development in an unanesthetized, unrestrained babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). a 4-yr-old multiparous female babirusa was trained to accept monitoring via transabdominal ultrasonography on a weekly basis postcoitus. uterine changes associated with pregnancy were first detected at 30 days gestation. three fetuses were first visualized on day 38, and two of the three fetuses we ... | 2001 | 12785687 |
| novel herpesviruses of suidae: indicators for a second genogroup of artiodactyl gammaherpesviruses. | five novel herpesviruses were identified in suid species from africa (common warthog, phacochoerus africanus) and south-east asia (bearded pig, sus barbatus; babirusa, babyrousa babyrussa) by detection and analysis of their dna polymerase genes. three of the novel species, p. africanus cytomegalovirus 1, p. africanus lymphotropic herpesvirus 1 (pafrlhv-1) and s. barbatus lymphotropic herpesvirus 1 (sbarlhv-1), were closely related to known beta- (porcine cytomegalovirus) and gammaherpesviruses [ ... | 2004 | 15039528 |
| light and scanning electron microscopy of the cardiac gland region of the stomach of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa--suidae, mammalia). | previous studies have indicated that the gross anatomical structure of the stomach of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) differs markedly from that of all other pigs. this light and scanning electron microscopic study revealed a previously unknown, microscopic structure characterised by a 'honeycomb' pattern at the luminal surface of the tunica mucosa. the walls of the 'honeycomb' were about 0.20-0.25 mm high and appeared almost entirely composed of various types of bacteria. underneath the bact ... | 2004 | 15506522 |
| faecal steroid metabolites for non-invasive assessment of reproduction in common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus), red river hogs (potamochoerus porcus) and babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). | the objectives of this study were to analyse faecal steroid metabolites in african and south east asian pig species kept in european zoos. species studied were the warthog (phacochoerus africanus), the red river hog (potamochoerus porcus) and the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). faecal samples were collected 1-3 times per week from non-pregnant and pregnant captive female warthogs (n = 9), red river hogs (n = 7) and babirusas (n = 5). enzyme-immunoassays for faecal progesterone, androgen, and oes ... | 2006 | 15876499 |
| 15-lipoxygenase is a component of the mammalian sperm cytoplasmic droplet. | lipoxygenases (loxs) are a family of enzymes capable of peroxidizing phospholipids. a member of the lox family of enzymes, 15-lox, participates in the degradation of mitochondria and other organelles within differentiating red blood cells, the reticulocytes. the present study provides biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of 15-lox in the sperm cytoplasmic droplet (cd). testicular, epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were evaluated for the presence of 15-lox using an aff ... | 2005 | 16049159 |
| characterization of the porcine acyl-coa synthetase long-chain 4 gene and its association with growth and meat quality traits. | summary long-chain acyl-coa synthetase (acsl) catalyses the formation of long-chain acyl-coa from fatty acid, atp and coa, activating fatty acids for subsequent reactions. long-chain acyl-coa synthetase thus plays an essential role in both lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. the acsl4 gene was evaluated as a positional candidate gene for the quantitative trait loci (qtl) located between sw2456 and sw1943 on chromosome x. we have sequenced 4906 bp of the pig acsl4 mrna. sequence analys ... | 2006 | 16734680 |
| a lectin histochemical study on the testis of the babirusa, babyroussa babyrussa (suidae). | the distribution of lectin bindings in the testis of babirusa, babyrousa babyrussa (suidae) was studied histochemically using 10 biotinylated lectins, peanut agglutinin (pna), ricinus communis agglutinin (rca i), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), vicia villosa agglutinin (vva), soybean agglutinin (sba), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), lens culinaris agglutinin (lca), pisum sativum agglutinin (psa), concanavalin a(con a) and ulex europaeus agglutinin (uea i). nine of 10 lectins showed a variety of ... | 2007 | 17845223 |
| ultrastructural characterization of the epithelium that constitutes the cardiac gland epithelial 'honeycomb' in the stomach of the babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). | the cardiac gland region in the stomachs of eleven babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) from zoological collections was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. an array of tightly-packed, thin-walled tubes, closely resembling a 'honeycomb' covered this region. the tubes were between twelve and sixteen cells (200 and 260 microm) in height and usually two cells (8-20 microm) in thickness. mucus granules present in the cytoplasm of cells in the lower half of the tube were largely absent ... | 2008 | 18187120 |
| comparative digestion studies in wild suids at rotterdam zoo. | among the artiodactyla, the suids are a group whose digestive physiology has hardly been investigated. the apparent digestibilities (ad) of macronutrients were measured in captive specimens of warthog (phacochoerus africanus), red river hog (potamochoerus porcus), and visayan warty pigs (sus cebifrons), and compared with those reported for babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) from the same facility on a similar diet. the animals were fed mixed diets of pelleted feed, grains, fruits, and vegetables; di ... | 2008 | 19360626 |
| cranial muscles of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis). | the detailed muscular anatomy of the head of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) is described for the first time. the results show that the muscular anatomy of the babyrousa is very similar to the pig genus sus, despite long geological separation from it. some differences were noted: the m. parietoauricularis was more clearly separated into two parts in the babirusa than in the domestic pig; the rostral fibres of the m. levator anguli oculi reached the infraorbital sinus in the babirusa ... | 2010 | 20028377 |
| anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the female babirusa (babyrousa celebensis). | the anatomy and histology of the female reproductive tract of the indonesian wild pig babyrousa celebensis was studied by means of reproductive tracts obtained from seven animals aged between two and 22 years of age. the ovary appeared to have the ability to ovulate up to four ova at one time. however, the combined ovarian output seemed to average 1.86 ova. ovulation can take place at any time from puberty to old age (22 years). the opening to the uterine tube was indicated by a 'flower-like' ar ... | 2010 | 20416941 |
| meiotic studies in infertile domestic pig-babirusa hybrids. | mating of a babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) boar and a domestic sow (sus scrofa) resulted in the birth of 5 live domestic pig-babirusa hybrid piglets. chromosome analysis of one of the surviving males confirmed that they were domestic pig-babirusa hybrids by revealing the presence of a complete haploid set of 19 porcine chromosomes as well as a complete haploid set of 19 babirusa chromosomes in the karyotype. none of the surviving piglets, two males and one female, had shown signs of sexual matur ... | 2010 | 20924163 |
| vertebral column, rib and sternal muscles of sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis). | the muscular anatomy of the vertebrae, ribs and sternebrae of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) is described. there are many similarities to the anatomy of the domestic pig (sus scrofa). however, unlike other pigs, the m. spinalis et semispinalis cervicis et thoracis has an origin from the twelfth thoracic mamillary process. similarly, the babyrousa does not have the lumbar part of the m. obliquus internus abdominis which is found in other pigs. the m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis ... | 2010 | 21108656 |
| adaptive evolution of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in the family suidae. | members of the family suidae have diverged over extended evolutionary periods in diverse environments, suggesting that adaptation in response to endemic infectious agents may have occurred. toll-like receptors (tlrs) comprise a multigene family that acts as the first line of defense against infectious microbes at the host-environment interface. we hypothesized that across the suidae, positive selection mediated by infectious agents has contributed to the evolution of tlr diversity. thus, we anal ... | 2015 | 25894218 |
| expansion of the hsfy gene family in pig lineages : hsfy expansion in suids. | amplified gene families on sex chromosomes can harbour genes with important biological functions, especially relating to fertility. the y-linked heat shock transcription factor (hsfy) family has become amplified on the y chromosome of the domestic pig (sus scrofa), in an apparently independent event to an hsfy expansion on the y chromosome of cattle (bos taurus). although the biological functions of hsfy genes are poorly understood, they appear to be involved in gametogenesis in a number of mamm ... | 2015 | 26055083 |
| evolutionary patterns of toll-like receptor signaling pathway genes in the suidae. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathway constitutes an essential component of the innate immune system. highly conserved proteins, indicative of their critical roles in host survival, characterize this pathway. selective constraints could vary depending on the gene's position within the pathway as tlr signaling is a sequential process and that genes downstream of the tlrs may be more selectively constrained to ensure efficient immune responses given the important role of downstream genes ... | 2016 | 26860534 |
| apparent digestibility of macronutrients in captive babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). | the apparent digestibilities of macronutrients by babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa) were measured. three group-housed captive babirusa were fed a diet of pelleted feed, boiled potatoes, grains, vegetables, and fruits. to determine reproducibility of the results, two digestibility trials were conducted 5 wk apart. the apparent digestibilities for crude protein, crude fat, and nonstructural carbohydrates (nitrogen-free extract) were 71, 76, and 78% of intake, respectively. average apparent digestibil ... | 2000 | 11428398 |
| management of toxic mastitis in a babirusa (babyrousa celebensis). | a 1 yr 8 mo-old, previously healthy, primiparous female babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) presented acutely recumbent and minimally responsive approximately 36 hr after giving birth to a single piglet. toxic mastitis was diagnosed based on physical examination and laboratory results. the mammary tissue was firm, discolored, and produced negligible amounts of milk. all of the teats were eventually affected, resulting in the inability to provide adequate nutrition to the piglet. although toxic masti ... | 2015 | 26667559 |
| the anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the male babirusa (babyrousa celebensis). | the anatomy and histology of the reproduction organs of the male babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) were studied in 21 specimens collected between birth and approximately 17 years of age. in adult animals the testes were located in a subanal position against the caudal surface of the thigh musculature. average adult testis length was 68.9 ± 5.1 mm, width was 40.3 ± 5.7 mm, and depth was 47.9 ± 7.0 mm (n = 11). the average combined adult testicular weight was estimated to be 82.7 ± 23.2 g (n = 11). ... | 2013 | 23481670 |
| pleistocene cave art from sulawesi, indonesia. | archaeologists have long been puzzled by the appearance in europe ∼40-35 thousand years (kyr) ago of a rich corpus of sophisticated artworks, including parietal art (that is, paintings, drawings and engravings on immobile rock surfaces) and portable art (for example, carved figurines), and the absence or scarcity of equivalent, well-dated evidence elsewhere, especially along early human migration routes in south asia and the far east, including wallacea and australia, where modern humans (homo s ... | 2014 | 25297435 |
| erosion of canine teeth in babirusa (genus babyrousa). | patterns of wear on the canine teeth were examined in 260 adult male babirusa skulls. video recordings of 161 adult male babirusas at salt licks in north sulawesi were viewed for behaviour related to erosion of the canine teeth. corresponding observations were made of the behaviour of male babirusa in antwerp and surabaya zoos. most loss of maxillary canine dental tissue was from the ventro-lateral or lateral surface of the tooth, towards its distal end. the teeth were smoothly flattened on a pl ... | 2017 | 28478930 |
| the case of the grass-eating suids in the plio-pleistocene turkana basin: 3d dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs. | two separate subfamilies of plio-pleistocene african pigs (suids) consecutively evolved hypsodont and horizodont molars with flat occlusal surfaces, commonly interpreted as an adaptive trait to a grazing diet, similar to that of the present warthogs (phacochoerus spp.). to investigate this in detail, we studied the 3d-dental topography of fossil specimens from the turkana basin, using geographic information systems-based methods. to establish baselines for interpretation of the turkana basin sui ... | 2020 | 31998996 |
| retrospective characterization of reproductive tract lesions in relation to age, parity, and contraception in captive suidae and tayassuidae. | reproductive management in zoos requires contraception or physical separation of sexes to ensure captive population viability, but information is sparse on the effects of parity, age, and contraceptive use on lifetime reproductive health in captive suidae and tayassuidae species. this retrospective study evaluated reproductive tissues and histories from babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa), red river hog (potamochoerus porcus), visayan warty pig (sus cebifrons), common warthog (phacochoerus africanus) ... | 2019 | 30690318 |
| aberrant growth of maxillary canine teeth in male babirusa (genus babyrousa). | a worldwide survey of babirusa skulls curated in museum and private collections located 431 that were from adult males and had retained at least one maxillary canine tooth. eighty-three of these skulls were identified as exhibiting aberrant maxillary canine tooth growth. twenty-four of the skulls represented babirusa from buru and the sula islands, and forty-five skulls represented babirusa from sulawesi and the togian islands. the remaining series of fourteen babirusa skulls originally came fro ... | 2018 | 29802014 |
| maxillary tooth growth in the adult male babirusa (genus babyrousa). | the growth of the maxillary canine teeth of the babirusa (genus babyrousa) was studied on a sample of 149 adult male babirusa skulls from twenty-two international museum and private collections. skulls from buru, sulawesi and the togian islands were represented. the continuous growth process was summarised into five stages ('a'-'e') according to the position of the tip of the tooth over the bones of the skull. the supracutaneous portion of the tooth grew in a curve-linear fashion dorso-caudally, ... | 2018 | 29752201 |
| synchronous diversification of sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events. | the high degree of endemism on sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back to 40 ma. recent studies, however, suggest that much of sulawesi's fauna assembled over the last 15 myr. here, we test the hypothesis that more recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on sulawesi promoted diversification and that much of its faunal assemblage is much younger than the island itself. to do so, we combined palaeogeographical reconstructions with genetic and mo ... | 2018 | 29643207 |
| cheek tooth erosion in male babirusa (genus babyrousa). | the wear on the occlusal surfaces of male babirusa cheek teeth was evaluated in 53 skulls of babyrousa babyrussa from buru and the sula islands and 87 skulls of b. celebensis from sulawesi, indonesia. based on the comparative lengths of their continually growing maxillary canine teeth, the skulls were divided into five 'age categories' (a-e). numerical and symbolic codes representing tooth wear were applied to each pillar (cusp region) of the mandibular and maxillary permanent third and fourth p ... | 2019 | 31474523 |
| new approach in thermal pregnancy diagnosis: teat's heating in babirusa (babyrousa babyrussa). | besides chemical testing, thermographic imaging is a possible method to determine pregnancy in some animals. hilsberg (2001) defined the unilateral warming at the end of a pregnancy, caused by the metabolizing fetus and the uterus near the outer skin, as the pregnancy field. its appearance was observed in various species at the end of the gestation period. no studies were yet carried out to investigate the changing of thermal patterns during pregnancy. this study monitored the thermographic chan ... | 2019 | 31100558 |