| experimental study of the reproduction of karshi virus (togaviridae, flavivirus) in some species of mosquitoes and ticks. | the strain kaz-816 of karshi virus was isolated in 1976 from h. asiaticum ticks collected in the north of central asia (alma-ata region of the kazakh soviet socialist republic). both ticks and mosquitoes can be vectors of karshi virus as proved experimentally by reproduction of the virus in hyalomma asiaticum and dermacentor daghestanicus ticks and culex pipiens molestus, anopheles atroparvus an aedes aegypti mosquitoes as well as by transmission to newborn mice by the bite of infected mosquitoe ... | 1985 | 2864824 |
| [experimental infection of an indigenous strain of anopheles atroparvus with imported species of plasmodium]. | | 1983 | 6380452 |
| [field trials of bac. thuringiensis berl. preparations on the larvae of anopheles atroparvus thiel. and culex modestus fic. mosquitoes. 2]. | | 1984 | 6717381 |
| susceptibility of plasmodium berghei in a laboratory population of anopheles atroparvus (diptera: culicidae) after the introduction of plasmodium-refractory genotypes. | | 1982 | 6754936 |
| selection of biting sites on man by two malaria mosquito species. | while searching for blood, female mosquitoes pass through a behavioural process involving responses to visual, physical and chemical properties of the host. temperature and humidity are thought to dominate mosquito orientation near the host. we observed that biting of two malaria mosquito species, i.e. anopheles atroparvus (van thiel) and anopheles gambiae s.s. (giles) preferentially occurs on different body regions of a naked motionless human host. their preference for the head and foot regions ... | 1995 | 7843335 |
| screening of some romanian plants for their activity against medically important insects. | the effects of the action of extracts from 82 plant species included in 39 families of indigenous flora against the larvae and adults of house fly (musca domestica), the mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and anopheles atroparvus) and the german cockroach (blattella germanica) are presented. some of the extracts were prepared from air-dried and ground plant material which was exhaustively extracted with successive solvents of different polarity: ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol and water. other extracts were p ... | 2000 | 11850879 |
| plasmodium ovale malaria acquired in central spain. | we describe a case of locally acquired plasmodium ovale malaria in spain. the patient was a spanish woman who had never traveled out of spain and had no other risk factors for malaria. because patients with malaria may never have visited endemic areas, occasional transmission of malaria to european hosts is a diagnostic and clinical challenge. | 2002 | 12498674 |
| allomonal effect of breath contributes to differential attractiveness of humans to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | background: removal of exhaled air from total body emanations or artificially standardising carbon dioxide (co2) outputs has previously been shown to eliminate differential attractiveness of humans to certain blackfly (simuliidae) and mosquito (culicidae) species. whether or not breath contributes to between-person differences in relative attractiveness to the highly anthropophilic malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. methods: the ... | 2004 | 14748930 |
| potential vectors of west nile virus following an equine disease outbreak in italy. | in the late summer of 1998, an outbreak of equine encephalomyelitis due to west nile virus (wnv) occurred in the tuscany region of central italy. the disease was detected in 14 race horses from nine localities in four provinces: firenze, lucca, pisa and pistoia. the outbreak area included fucecchio wetlands (1800 ha), the largest inland marsh in italy, and the adjacent hilly cerbaie woodlands with farms breeding horses. to detect potential vectors of wnv, entomological surveys of fucecchio and c ... | 2004 | 15009441 |
| flight performance of the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles atroparvus. | the flight potential and metabolism of two malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae s.str. and an. atroparvus, were analyzed on flightmills. the flight distance, the flight time, and individual flight activities of females were recorded during 22 h flight trials. the glycogen and lipid before flight, after flight, and of unflown controls were measured for starved, sugar-, or blood-fed females. maximal flight distances of an. gambiae were 9 km when sugar-fed and 10 km when blood-fed, while in starved f ... | 2004 | 15266751 |
| global transport networks and infectious disease spread. | air, sea and land transport networks continue to expand in reach, speed of travel and volume of passengers and goods carried. pathogens and their vectors can now move further, faster and in greater numbers than ever before. three important consequences of global transport network expansion are infectious disease pandemics, vector invasion events and vector-borne pathogen importation. this review briefly examines some of the important historical examples of these disease and vector movements, suc ... | 2006 | 16647974 |
| rdna sequences of anopheles species from the iberian peninsula and an evaluation of the 18s rrna gene as phylogenetic marker in anophelinae. | the complete 18s rdna and internal transcribed spacer (its)-2 rdna sequences were obtained from anopheles atroparvus van thiel and anopheles plumbeus stephens from two areas of spain. the number of nucleotide differences in the 18s rdna of the two species is high compared with differences in the same gene of other invertebrate vectors. in anopheles, short 18s rdna sequences are richer in at than the longer sequences, which are richer in gc and include extremely gc-biased expanded regions. four s ... | 2006 | 16739409 |
| biology and dynamics of potential malaria vectors in southern france. | malaria is a former endemic problem in the camargue, south east france, an area from where very few recent data concerning anopheles are available. a study was undertaken in 2005 to establish potential malaria vector biology and dynamics and evaluate the risk of malaria re-emergence. | 2007 | 17313664 |
| how human practices have affected vector-borne diseases in the past: a study of malaria transmission in alpine valleys. | malaria was endemic in the rhône-alpes area of eastern france in the 19th century and life expectancy was particularly shortened in alpine valleys. this study was designed to determine how the disease affected people in the area and to identify the factors influencing malaria transmission. | 2007 | 17727700 |
| regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the role of adipokinetic hormones (akhs) in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and flight performance was evaluated for females of the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. injection of various dosages of synthetic anoga-akh-i increased carbohydrate levels in the haemolymph and reduced glycogen reserves in sugar-fed females but did not affect lipid levels. anoga-akh-i enhanced the flight performance of both intact and decapitated sugar-fed females, during a 4 h flight per ... | 2008 | 18062987 |
| intra-specific variation of sperm length in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae: males with shorter sperm have higher reproductive success. | intra-specific variation in sperm length influences male reproductive success in several species of insects. in males of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, sperm length is highly variable but the significance of this variation is unknown. understanding what determines the reproductive success of male mosquitoes is critical for controlling malaria, and in particular for replacing natural populations with transgenic, malaria-resistant mosquitoes. | 2008 | 18939985 |
| conservation and immunogenicity of the mosquito ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin. | the control of arthropod vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health is important for the eradication of vector-borne diseases. the ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin, was identified in aedes albopictus and found to have conserved epitopes in ticks and mosquitoes. rna interference with the tick and mosquito double-stranded rna in three tick species resulted in significant gene knockdown and decreased tick weight and/or survival. feeding anopheles atroparvus, aedes ca ... | 2009 | 19229557 |
| rodent malaria-resistant strains of the mosquito, anopheles gambiae, have slower population growth than -susceptible strains. | trade-offs between anti-parasite defence mechanisms and other life history traits limit the evolution of host resistance to parasites and have important implications for understanding diseases such as malaria. mosquitoes have not evolved complete resistance to malaria parasites and one hypothesis is that anti-malaria defence mechanisms are costly. | 2009 | 19379508 |
| flavivirus rna in phlebotomine sandflies. | sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses, such as toscana, sandfly fever sicilian, and sandfly fever naples, can cause human disease and circulate at high rates in mediterranean countries. previous studies have also established that viruses other than phleboviruses may be detected in and isolated from sand flies. the recent detection and isolation (in a large variety of mosquito species) of insect-only flaviviruses related to cell fusing agent virus has indicated that the latter is not an evolutionary ... | 2010 | 19492949 |
| analysis of expression in the anopheles gambiae developing testes reveals rapidly evolving lineage-specific genes in mosquitoes. | male mosquitoes do not feed on blood and are not involved in delivery of pathogens to humans. consequently, they are seldom the subjects of research, which results in a very poor understanding of their biology. to gain insights into male developmental processes we sought to identify genes transcribed exclusively in the reproductive tissues of male anopheles gambiae pupae. | 2009 | 19580678 |
| atypical aetiology of a conjugal fever: autochthonous airport malaria between paris and french riviera: a case report. | endemic malaria has been eradicated from france, but some falciparum malaria cases have been described in patients who have never travelled outside the country. ms. v. 21 year-old and mr. m. 23 year-old living together in paris were on holiday in saint raphaël (french riviera). they presented with fever, vertigo and nausea. a blood smear made to control thrombocytopaenia revealed intra-erythrocytic forms of plasmodium falciparum. the parasitaemia level was 0.15% for ms. v and 3.2% for mr. m. thi ... | 2009 | 19698152 |
| natural relapses in vivax malaria induced by anopheles mosquitoes. | monthly malaria cases in finland during 1750-1850 revealed regionally different peaks. the main peak was in late spring in the whole country, but additional peaks occurred in august and december in some regions of finland. both primary infections and relapses caused deaths from malaria. the cause and timing of relapses are analysed. | 2008 | 18430203 |
| effects of local anthropogenic changes on potential malaria vector anopheles hyrcanus and west nile virus vector culex modestus, camargue, france. | using historical data, we highlight the consequences of anthropogenic ecosystem modifications on the abundance of mosquitoes implicated as the current most important potential malaria vector, anopheles hyrcanus, and the most important west nile virus (wnv) vector, culex modestus, in the camargue region, france. from world war ii to 1971, populations of these species increased as rice cultivation expanded in the region in a political context that supported agriculture. they then fell, likely beca ... | 2007 | 18258028 |
| a survey of mosquitoes breeding in used tires in spain for the detection of imported potential vector species. | the used tire trade has facilitated the introduction, spread, and establishment of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, and other mosquito species in several countries of america, africa, oceania, and europe. a strategy for detecting these imported mosquito vectors was developed in spain during 2003-2004 by evitar (multidisciplinary network for the study of viruses transmitted by arthropods and rodents). a survey in 45 locations found no invasive species. eight autochthonous species of mo ... | 2007 | 17633420 |
| molecular identification of palearctic members of anopheles maculipennis in northern iran. | members of anopheles maculipennis complex are effective malaria vectors in europe and the caspian sea region in northern iran, where malaria has been re-introduced since 1994. the current study has been designed in order to provide further evidence on the status of species composition and to identify more accurately the members of the maculipennis complex in northern iran. | 2007 | 17233887 |
| malaria risk in corsica, former hot spot of malaria in france. | background: the prevalence of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria was very high in corsica just before the second world war. the last outbreak was in 1972 and the most recent indigenous case was in 2006. results: analysis of historical data shows that anopheline vectors were abundant. recent surveys demonstrated that potential vectors are still present in corsica, despite the likely disappearance of anopheles sacharovi. moreover, p. falciparum can develop experimentally into these ... | 2010 | 20704707 |
| national assessment of human health effects of climate change in portugal: approach and key findings. | in this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. the assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. the annual heat-related death rates in lisbon may increase from between 5.4 and 6 per 100,000 in 1980-1998 to between 8.5 and 12.1 by the 2020s and to a maximum of 29.5 by the 2050s, if no adaptations occur. the ... | 2006 | 17185290 |
| ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer sequence studies of culicid vectors from an endemic area of dirofilaria immitis in spain. | studies were performed in an endemic area of dirofilaria immitis in spain to genetically characterize the potential mosquito vector species present by means of dna sequencing and elucidate which of these species may be involved in the transmission. the rdna its-2 sequences of two culex pipiens haplotypes, h1 and h2, aedes (aedimorphus) vexans, fredwardsius vittatus, ochlerotatus (ochlerotatus) caspius, anopheles (anopheles) atroparvus, and anopheles (anopheles) plumbeus were obtained. f. vittatu ... | 2006 | 16541266 |
| development and application of a positive-negative selectable marker system for use in reverse genetics in plasmodium. | a limitation of transfection of malaria parasites is the availability of only a low number of positive selectable markers for selection of transformed mutants. this is exacerbated for the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei as selection of mutants is performed in vivo in laboratory rodents. we here report the development and application of a negative selection system based upon transgenic expression of a bifunctional protein (yfcu) combining yeast cytosine deaminase and uridyl phosphoribosyl tran ... | 2006 | 16537837 |
| reproductive physiology of anopheles gambiae and anopheles atroparvus. | when exposed to a human host, anopheles gambiae started probing 4 h post-eclosion, but 95% successfully blood-fed by 16-20 h with maximal blood volumes of 5- 10 microl per female. when fed sugar, the 95% feeding was not observed until 36-40 h post-eclosion; sugar meals appeared to interfere with blood meals. similarly in an. atroparvus, maximum volumes were 10 microl when starved but only 6 microl when fed sugar. this species did not bite before 2 d, and 95% biting was by 4 d. given single blood ... | 2005 | 16007951 |
| malaria in britain: past, present, and future. | there has been much recent speculation that global warming may allow the reestablishment of malaria transmission in previously endemic areas such as europe and the united states. in this report we analyze temporal trends in malaria in britain between 1840 and 1910, to assess the potential for reemergence of the disease. our results demonstrate that at least 20% of the drop-off in malaria was due to increasing cattle population and decreasing acreage of marsh wetlands. although both rainfall and ... | 2003 | 12913128 |
| possible impact of rising sea levels on vector-borne infectious diseases. | vector-borne infectious diseases are a significant cause of human and animal mortality and morbidity. modeling studies predict that changes in climate that accompany global warming will alter the transmission risk of many vector-borne infectious diseases in different parts of the world. global warming will also raise sea levels, which will lead to an increase in saline and brackish water bodies in coastal areas. the potential impact of rising sea levels, as opposed to climate change, on the prev ... | 2011 | 21241521 |
| [on ranges of the malaria mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae: anopheles) of the maculipennis complex on the territory of russia]. | maps and distribution data are provided for the seven mosquito species of the genus anopheles, the maculipennis group: anopheles atroparvus, a. beklemishevi, a. maculipennis, a. messeae, a. malanoon, a. sacharovi and a. subalpinus. | 2002 | 11962201 |
| [variability of pericentromeric chromatin in chromosome 2 of ovarian nurse cells during inbreeding in anopheles atroparvus v.tiel]. | we investigated the variability of pericentromeric chromatin of chromosome 2 in ovarian nurse cells (trophocytes) in two laboratory lines of malaria mosquito anopheles atroparvus v. tiel and in their hybrids. one line had been raised by means of sib inbreeding, the other kept at constantly high population density. the inbreeding was shown to result in an increased percentage of chromosomes bearing an achromatinic zone in the centromeric region, which resulted in chromosome breakage. toxicologica ... | 1998 | 9749341 |
| review of data on susceptibility of mosquitoes in the ussr to imported strains of malaria parasites. | studies on the susceptibility of mosquitos in the ussr to imported species and strains of human malaria parasites have revealed that anopheles atroparvus, a. messeae, and a. sacharovi are highly susceptible to strains of plasmodium vivax from africa, asia, and south america. there was no significant variation in the level of adaptation to the various vector species.in experiments on infection of a. atroparvus and a. messeae with imported strains of p. falciparum from africa and southern asia, al ... | 1982 | 6761003 |
| development of plasmodium berghei ookinetes in the midgut of anopheles atroparvus mosquitoes and in vitro. | plasmodium berghei ookinete formation in vitro and within the midgut of susceptible anopheles atroparvus were compared. no significant morphological differences were seen, except that in vitro development was more synchronized and less degenerating forms occurred. in vitro ookinete yields were 4-31 times higher and less variable than those in vivo. mosquitoes of a susceptible and of a refractory line of a. atroparvus were simultaneously fed on the same host or via a membrane with the same suspen ... | 1985 | 3906518 |
| the establishment of plasmodium berghei in mosquitoes of a refractory and a susceptible line of anopheles atroparvus. | the events between the ingestion of plasmodium berghei-infected mouse blood and the establishment of the ookinetes in the epithelium of the midgut in refractory (r) and susceptible (s) anopheles atroparvus are described. simultaneously fed, fully engorged female mosquitoes were randomly assigned to dissection at 22, 28, 32, 48 h and 10 days (controls) after the infective feed (post-infection: p.i.). serial transverse sections of 6 micron were cut. every 10th section was studied. the maturation o ... | 1986 | 3521118 |
| possible windborne spread of myxomatosis to england in 1953. | an analysis of the meterological conditions showed that the first outbreaks of myxomatosis in s.e. england in 1953 could have resulted from wind carriage of insects infected with myxoma virus from northern france. south-easterly winds on the night 11-12 august would have carried the insects 120-160 km from the départements of nord, pas de calais and somme across the english channel to near edenbridge, kent. the flight would have taken 6.5-8.5 h at wind speeds of 15-22 km h-1. on the night 11-12 ... | 1987 | 2881798 |
| [experimental study of the routes of transmission of microsporidia in blood-sucking mosquitoes from southwestern siberia]. | experiments were conducted on the artificial infection of larvae of 8 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes (aedes diantaeus, a. punctor, a. cinereus, a. flavescens, a. aegypti, culex pipiens, anopheles messeae, anopheles atroparvus) with spores of amblyospora opacita var. sibirica, parathelohania costatus sp. n., p. obesa, p. anophelis. negative results were obtained in all experiments. | 1985 | 2864678 |
| current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the uk. | non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into europe, and are now established in many european countries. the continued european importation of potential vectors and their expansion within europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the uk. coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. | 2015 | 26122427 |
| malaria eradication in portugal. | research on malaria, which was endemic in several parts of portugal at the beginning of this century, was intensified in the 1940's and led to the development of better control methods, especially in the rice-growing areas of the country. in the 1950's residual ddt spraying was introduced and followed by extensive detection of cases of malaria and their treatment. plans for eradication of the disease were made, and by 1958 the transmission of the infection was interrupted in nearly all areas of ... | 1977 | 888169 |
| receptivity to malaria in europe. | experimental work has confirmed the refractoriness of anopheles atroparvus to tropical strains of plasmodium falciparum to which a. labranchiae may also be refractory. this indicates a lower receptivity to malaria in europe than the existing vector densities and increasing number of parasite carriers would suggest. | 1975 | 764992 |
| impacts of the creation, expansion and management of english wetlands on mosquito presence and abundance - developing strategies for future disease mitigation. | the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing in europe, partly due to the incursion of a number of invasive species known to be vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses, but also due to the involvement of native species in the transmission of west nile virus and malaria. for some of these pathogens, there is a risk of the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases that were once widespread in europe, but declined partly due to large-scale land-drainage projects. some mosquito species explo ... | 2015 | 25889666 |
| studies on susceptibility to plasmodium berghei in a normal vector population of anopheles atroparvus after the introduction of plasmodium-refractory genotypes: the establishment of the vector population with overlapping generations. | | 1979 | 400467 |
| a susceptible and refractive strain of anopheles atroparvus van thiel to infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. | | 1977 | 369264 |
| evidence of an 'invitation' effect in feeding sylvatic stegomyia albopicta from cambodia. | orientation of haematophagous insects towards a potential host is largely mediated by kairomones that, in some groups or species may include chemicals produced during feeding by the insects themselves, the so called 'invitation' effect. | 2014 | 25015104 |
| discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses. | the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ... | 2017 | 28078104 |
| [attempt to obtain in vitro pre-erythrocyte forms of plasmodium vivax in human liver cell cultures inoculated with sporozoites]. | using sporozoites of a strain of plasmodium vivax of north korean origin maintained in human subjects and in anopheles atroparvus, the authors inoculated human liver cell cultures (primary cultures and ist subcultures). the appearance of some rare intracytoplasmic forms is described, which are thought to be very likely connected with the pre-erythrocytic cycle of p. vivax. further attempts are nevertheless necessary to confirm, or invalidate, the obtained results. | 1976 | 135630 |
| disentangling vector-borne transmission networks: a universal dna barcoding method to identify vertebrate hosts from arthropod bloodmeals. | emerging infectious diseases represent a challenge for global economies and public health. about one fourth of the last pandemics have been originated by the spread of vector-borne pathogens. in this sense, the advent of modern molecular techniques has enhanced our capabilities to understand vector-host interactions and disease ecology. however, host identification protocols have poorly profited of international dna barcoding initiatives and/or have focused exclusively on a limited array of vect ... | 2009 | 19768113 |
| present habitat suitability for anopheles atroparvus (diptera, culicidae) and its coincidence with former malaria areas in mainland portugal. | malaria was a major health problem in the first half of the 20th century in mainland portugal. nowadays, although the disease is no longer endemic, there is still the risk of future endemic infections due to the continuous occurrence of imported cases and the possibility of transmission in the country by anopheles atroparvus van thiel, 1927. since vector abundance constitute one of the foremost factors in malaria transmission, we have created several habitat suitability models to describe this v ... | 2009 | 19440961 |
| spatial modelling of the potential temperature-dependent transmission of vector-associated diseases in the face of climate change: main results and recommendations from a pilot study in lower saxony (germany). | the sustained climate change is going to modify the geographic distribution, the seasonal transmission gate and the intensity of the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria or the bluetongue disease. these diseases occur nowadays at higher latitudes or altitudes. a further rise in ambient temperature and rainfall will extend the duration of the season in which mosquito vectors are transmitting pathogens. the parasites transmitted by the vectors also benefit from increasing temperat ... | 2008 | 19030886 |
| structure and functionality in flavivirus ns-proteins: perspectives for drug design. | flaviviridae are small enveloped viruses hosting a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. besides yellow fever virus, a landmark case in the history of virology, members of the flavivirus genus, such as west nile virus and dengue virus, are increasingly gaining attention due to their re-emergence and incidence in different areas of the world. additional environmental and demographic considerations suggest that novel or known flaviviruses will continue to emerge in the future. nevertheless, u ... | 2010 | 19945487 |
| assessing the future threat from vivax malaria in the united kingdom using two markedly different modelling approaches. | the world is facing an increased threat from new and emerging diseases, and there is concern that climate change will expand areas suitable for transmission of vector borne diseases. the likelihood of vivax malaria returning to the uk was explored using two markedly different modelling approaches. first, a simple temperature-dependent, process-based model of malaria growth transmitted by anopheles atroparvus, the historical vector of malaria in the uk. second, a statistical model using logistic- ... | 2010 | 20205713 |
| plasmodium malariae: parasite and disease. | a review of the life history of plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection) fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with p. malariae were obtained and are presented. experimental and known vect ... | 2007 | 17934075 |
| molecular confirmation of the occurrence in germany of anopheles daciae (diptera, culicidae). | anopheles daciae, a newly described member of the maculipennis group, was recently reported from western, southern and eastern europe. before its recognition, it had commonly been listed under the name of an. messeae, due to its extreme morphological and genetic similarities. as the sibling species of the maculipennis group are known to differ in their vector competences for malaria parasites and other pathogens, the occurrence of an. daciae in a given region might have an impact on the epidemio ... | 2012 | 23146352 |
| malaria resurgence risk in southern europe: climate assessment in an historically endemic area of rice fields at the mediterranean shore of spain. | international travel and immigration have been related with an increase of imported malaria cases. this fact and climate change, prolonging the period favouring vector development, require an analysis of the malaria transmission resurgence risk in areas of southern europe. such a study is made for the first time in spain. the ebro delta historically endemic area was selected due to its rice field landscape, the presence of only one vector, anopheles atroparvus, with densities similar to those it ... | 2010 | 20673367 |
| mosquito surveys and west nile virus screening in two different areas of southern portugal, 2004-2007. | longitudinal mosquito surveys were carried out in southern portugal from 2004 to 2007, in a wetland area (comporta, district of setúbal) and around the perimeter of a dam irrigation plant that created the largest artificial lake in europe, 250 km(2) (alqueva, districts of evora and beja). our aim was to study the diversity, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, comparing these two different areas, to screen mosquitoes for west nile virus (wnv), an arboviral agent already detected in po ... | 2010 | 20854020 |
| plasmodium ovale infection in malaysia: first imported case. | plasmodium ovale infection is rarely reported in malaysia. this is the first imported case of p. ovale infection in malaysia which was initially misdiagnosed as plasmodium vivax. | 2010 | 20929588 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| the ecology and larval habitats characteristics of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in aligudarz county (luristan province, western iran). | to determine ecology and characteristics of the larval habitats of the genus anopheles (dipetra: culicidae) in aligudarz county, western iran. | 0 | 25183088 |
| epidemiology of imported malaria in the mediterranean region. | malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of our time, causing 655 000 deaths during 2010 (who), most of them in sub-saharan africa and under the age of 5. during the last few years an increasing number of imported malaria cases is reported in europe and mediterranean countries, probably supported by the increasing number of international travel in association with the important influx of immigrants from malaria-endemic countries. moreover, the presence of anopheline vectors in m ... | 2012 | 22708046 |
| first autochthonous malaria case due to plasmodium vivax since eradication, spain, october 2010. | in october 2010, one case of autochthonous malaria due to plasmodium vivax was diagnosed in spain. the case occurred in aragon, north-eastern spain, where the vector anopheles atroparvus is present. although the source of infection could not be identified, this event highlights that sporadic autochthonous transmission of vector-borne diseases in continental europe is possible and calls for enhanced surveillance and vector control measures. | 2010 | 20961517 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in africa, europe and the middle east: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 21129198 |
| genetic and phenotypic variation of the malaria vector anopheles atroparvus in southern europe. | there is a growing concern that global climate change will affect the potential for pathogen transmission by insect species that are vectors of human diseases. one of these species is the former european malaria vector, anopheles atroparvus. levels of population differentiation of an. atroparvus from southern europe were characterized as a first attempt to elucidate patterns of population structure of this former malaria vector. results are discussed in light of a hypothetical situation of re-es ... | 2011 | 21223582 |
| role of the repartition of wetland breeding sites on the spatial distribution of anopheles and culex, human disease vectors in southern france. | abstract: background: in this study, carried out in the camargue region (france), we combined entomological data with geomatic and modelling tools to assess whether the location of breeding sites may explain the spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes. the species studied are important and competent disease vectors in europe: culex modestus ficalbi and cx. pipiens linnaeus (west nile virus), anopheles atroparvus van thiel, a former plasmodium vector, and an. melanoon hackett, competent to trans ... | 2011 | 21548912 |
| anophelism in a former malaria area of northeastern spain. | a field study on diversity and distribution of anophelines currently present in a past endemic malaria area of spain was carried out in order to identify possible risk areas of local disease transmission. | 2013 | 24409440 |
| mosquito oviposition behavior and vector control. | the burden of gene transfer from one mosquito generation to the next falls on the female and her eggs. the selection of an oviposition site that guarantees egg and larval survival is a critical step in the reproductive process. the dangers associated with ephemeral aquatic habitats, lengthy droughts, freezing winters, and the absence of larval nutrition makes careful oviposition site selection by a female mosquito extremely important. mosquito species exhibit a remarkable diversity of ovipositio ... | 2016 | 27869724 |
| phylogenetic analysis and temporal diversification of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) based on nuclear genes and morphology. | phylogenetic analyses provide a framework for examining the evolution of morphological and molecular diversity, interpreting patterns in biogeography, and achieving a stable classification. the generic and suprageneric relationships within mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are poorly resolved, making these subjects difficult to address. | 2009 | 20028549 |
| multigene phylogenetics reveals temporal diversification of major african malaria vectors. | the major vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa belong to subgenus cellia. yet, phylogenetic relationships and temporal diversification among african mosquito species have not been unambiguously determined. knowledge about vector evolutionary history is crucial for correct interpretation of genetic changes identified through comparative genomics analyses. in this study, we estimated a molecular phylogeny using 49 gene sequences for the african malaria vectors an. gambiae, an. funestus, an. ni ... | 2014 | 24705448 |
| Morbidity in the marshes: Using spatial epidemiology to investigate skeletal evidence for malaria in Anglo-Saxon England (AD 410-1050). | Concerns over climate change and its potential impact on infectious disease prevalence have contributed to a resurging interest in malaria in the past. A wealth of historical evidence indicates that malaria, specifically Plasmodium vivax, was endemic in the wetlands of England from the 16th century onwards. While it is thought that malaria was introduced to Britain during the Roman occupation (AD first to fifth centuries), the lack of written mortality records prior to the post-medieval period m ... | 2011 | 22183814 |
| species composition and wnv screening of mosquitoes from lagoons in a wetland area of the algarve, portugal. | the aim of this study was to evaluate mosquito abundance, species diversity, larval and adult population dynamics in seven lagoons integrated in the wetland coastal system of the algarve, portugal, in the summer of 2007, as well as the screening of these for west nile virus (wnv). wnv has been isolated from mosquitoes in this region, in the summer of 2004, next to the putative area of infection of two linked human wn cases. adult mosquitoes were collected with cdc traps baited with co(2), and po ... | 2011 | 22347862 |
| radiation biology of mosquitoes. | there is currently renewed interest in assessing the feasibility of the sterile insect technique (sit) to control african malaria vectors in designated areas. the sit relies on the sterilization of males before mass release, with sterilization currently being achieved through the use of ionizing radiation. this paper reviews previous work on radiation sterilization of anopheles mosquitoes. in general, the pupal stage was irradiated due to ease of handling compared to the adult stage. the dose-re ... | 2009 | 19917076 |
| host-feeding pattern of culex theileri (diptera: culicidae), potential vector of dirofilaria immitis in the canary islands, spain. | to identify the host range of potential vectors of dirofilaria immitis leidy, the causal agent of canine dirofilariasis, we studied the bloodmeal origin of mosquitoes trapped on two of the canary islands, gran canaria and tenerife, where this disease is considered hyperendemic. on gran canaria, mosquitoes were captured using centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) traps (outdoors) and resting in a bathroom (indoors). only cdc traps were used to capture mosquitoes in tenerife. the specie ... | 2012 | 23270171 |
| the effects of genetic manipulation, dieldrin treatment and irradiation on the mating competitiveness of male anopheles arabiensis in field cages. | to enable the release of only sterile male anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes for the sterile insect technique, the genetic background of a wild-type strain was modified to create a genetic sexing strain ano ipcl1 that was based on a dieldrin resistance mutation. secondly, the eggs of ano ipcl1 require treatment with dieldrin to allow complete elimination of female l1 larvae from the production line. finally, male mosquito pupae need to be treated with an irradiation dose of 75 gy for sterilization ... | 2014 | 25125089 |
| water vapour is a pre-oviposition attractant for the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | to date no semiochemicals affecting the pre-oviposition behaviour of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu lato have been described. water vapour must be the major chemical signal emanating from a potential larval habitat, and although one might expect that gravid an. gambiae s.l. detect and respond to water vapour in their search for an aquatic habitat, this has never been experimentally confirmed for this species. this study aimed to investigate the role of relative humidity or water vapo ... | 2013 | 24120083 |
| a genome-scale investigation of incongruence in culicidae mosquitoes. | comparison of individual gene trees in several recent phylogenomic studies from diverse lineages has revealed a surprising amount of topological conflict or incongruence, but we still know relatively little about its distribution across the tree of life. to further our understanding of incongruence, the factors that contribute to it and how it can be ameliorated, we examined its distribution in a clade of 20 culicidae mosquito species through the reconstruction and analysis of the phylogenetic h ... | 2015 | 26608059 |
| mosquito genomics. highly evolvable malaria vectors: the genomes of 16 anopheles mosquitoes. | variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. to investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the x chromosome, and more ... | 2014 | 25554792 |
| insect fat body: energy, metabolism, and regulation. | the fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. it is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. one of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides ... | 0 | 19725772 |
| behavioural responses of females of two anopheline mosquito species to human-occupied, insecticide-treated and untreated bed nets. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns), used extensively to reduce human exposure to malaria, work through physical and chemical means to block or deter host-seeking mosquitoes. despite the importance of itns, very little is known about how host-seeking mosquitoes behave around occupied bed nets. as a result, evidence-based evaluations of the effects of physical damage on bed net effectiveness are not possible and there is a dearth of knowledge on which to base itn design. | 2014 | 25080389 |
| vector-borne disease intelligence: strategies to deal with disease burden and threats. | owing to the complex nature of vector-borne diseases (vbds), whereby monitoring of human case patients does not suffice, public health authorities experience challenges in surveillance and control of vbds. knowledge on the presence and distribution of vectors and the pathogens that they transmit is vital to the risk assessment process to permit effective early warning, surveillance, and control of vbds. upon accepting this reality, public health authorities face an ever-increasing range of possi ... | 2014 | 25566522 |
| experimental, therapeutic and natural transmission of plasmodium vivax tertian malaria: scientific and anecdotal data on the history of dutch malaria studies. | when plasmodium vivax tertian malaria was prevalent in the netherlands, the use of therapeutic malaria for the treatment of neurosyphilis patients presented an opportunity for biological studies of the parasite's behaviour, in healthy volunteers. one unexplained phenomenon was the long latency between natural exposure to a single infected mosquito and the appearance of clinical signs (average 8 months). dutch studies with volunteers and syphilis patients, suggested that hundreds of sporozoites t ... | 2013 | 23332002 |
| geostatistical evaluation of integrated marsh management impact on mosquito vectors using before-after-control-impact (baci) design. | in many parts of the world, salt marshes play a key ecological role as the interface between the marine and the terrestrial environments. salt marshes are also exceedingly important for public health as larval habitat for mosquitoes that are vectors of disease and significant biting pests. although grid ditching and pesticides have been effective in salt marsh mosquito control, marsh degradation and other environmental considerations compel a different approach. targeted habitat modification and ... | 2009 | 19549297 |
| larval habitat characteristics of the genus anopheles (diptera: culicidae) and a checklist of mosquitoes in guilan province, northern iran. | ecological data are important in the vector control management of mosquitoes. there is scattered published information about the larval habitat characteristics and ecology of the genus anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in iran and most of available data is in relation to malaria vectors in southern iran. | 2011 | 22808409 |
| a standard photomap of ovarian nurse cell chromosomes in the european malaria vector anopheles atroparvus. | anopheles atroparvus (diptera: culicidae) is one of the main malaria vectors of the maculipennis group in europe. cytogenetic analysis based on salivary gland chromosomes has been used in taxonomic and population genetic studies of mosquitoes from this group. however, a high-resolution cytogenetic map that could be used in physical genome mapping in an. atroparvus is still lacking. in the present study, a high-quality photomap of the polytene chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells of an. atroparvu ... | 2015 | 25776224 |
| tissue-specific differences in the spatial interposition of x-chromosome and 3r chromosome regions in the malaria mosquito anopheles messeae fall. | spatial organization of a chromosome in a nucleus is very important in biology but many aspects of it are still generally unresolved. we focused on tissue-specific features of chromosome architecture in closely related malaria mosquitoes, which have essential inter-specific differences in polytene chromosome attachments in nurse cells. we showed that the region responsible for x-chromosome attachment interacts with nuclear lamina stronger in nurse cells, then in salivary glands cells in anophele ... | 2015 | 25671311 |
| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| european surveillance for west nile virus in mosquito populations. | a wide range of arthropod-borne viruses threaten both human and animal health either through their presence in europe or through risk of introduction. prominent among these is west nile virus (wnv), primarily an avian virus, which has caused multiple outbreaks associated with human and equine mortality. endemic outbreaks of west nile fever have been reported in italy, greece, france, romania, hungary, russia and spain, with further spread expected. most outbreaks in western europe have been due ... | 2013 | 24157510 |
| efficacy of mosquito traps for collecting potential west nile mosquito vectors in a natural mediterranean wetland. | surveillance, research, and control of mosquito-borne diseases such as west nile virus require efficient methods for sampling mosquitoes. we compared the efficacy of bg-sentinel and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc)-co(2) traps in terms of the abundances of host-seeking and blood-fed female mosquitoes and the origin of mosquito bloodmeals. our results indicate that bg-sentinel traps that use co(2) and attractants are as effective as cdc-co(2) traps for culex mosquito species, ochl ... | 0 | 22492149 |
| climatic effects on mosquito abundance in mediterranean wetlands. | the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases is highly controversial. one of the principal points of debate is whether or not climate influences mosquito abundance, a key factor in disease transmission. | 2014 | 25030527 |
| testing fungus impregnated cloths for the control of adult aedes aegypti under natural conditions. | entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti. here the efficiency of fungus (metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [imi]) was evaluated against adult a. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. | 2013 | 24010874 |
| a survival and reproduction trade-off is resolved in accordance with resource availability by virgin female mosquitoes. | the first 2-4 days after an anopheles gambiae female mosquito emerges are critical to her survival and reproductive success. yet, the order of behavioural events (mating, sugar feeding, blood feeding) during this time has received little attention. we discovered that among female cohorts sampled from emergence, sugar feeding had a higher probability than blood feeding of occurring first, and mating rarely occurred before a meal was taken. the night after emergence, 48% of females fed on sugar in ... | 0 | 21499504 |
| studies on insecticide-resistant anophelines. 2. chromosome arrangements in laboratory-developed ddt-resistant strains of anopheles atroparvus. | the development of several ddt-resistant strains of anopheles atroparvus is described. they were selected by larval treatment only (rl), selection of larval and adult females (rlaf), and selection of adult females and males (rafm). their rate of ddt-resistance was measured in the larval and adult states (mainly in the 32nd generation). the results were compared with those of a dieldrin-selected strain (r/dieldrin) and several normal and semi-normal reference strains. in the larval assay ddt-resi ... | 0 | 13638790 |
| a review of the vector management methods to prevent and control outbreaks of west nile virus infection and the challenge for europe. | west nile virus infection is a growing concern in europe. vector management is often the primary option to prevent and control outbreaks of the disease. its implementation is, however, complex and needs to be supported by integrated multidisciplinary surveillance systems and to be organized within the framework of predefined response plans. the impact of the vector control measures depends on multiple factors and the identification of the best combination of vector control methods is therefore n ... | 2014 | 25015004 |
| field evaluation of four widely used mosquito traps in central europe. | to monitor adult mosquitoes several trapping devices are available. these are differently constructed and use various mechanisms for mosquito attraction, thus resulting in different trapping sensitivities and efficacies for the various species. mosquito monitoring and surveillance programs in europe use various types of mosquito traps, but only a few comparisons have been conducted so far. this study compared the performance of four commercial trapping devices, which are commonly used in europe. | 2014 | 24924481 |
| effects of landscape anthropization on mosquito community composition and abundance. | anthropogenic landscape transformation has an important effect on vector-borne pathogen transmission. however, the effects of urbanization on mosquito communities are still only poorly known. here, we evaluate how land-use characteristics are related to the abundance and community composition of mosquitoes in an area with endemic circulation of numerous mosquito-borne pathogens. we collected 340 829 female mosquitoes belonging to 13 species at 45 localities spatially grouped in 15 trios formed b ... | 2016 | 27373794 |
| laboratory studies of anopheles atroparvus in relation to myxomatosis. | | 0 | 13385484 |
| effect of blood meal digestion and dna extraction protocol on the success of blood meal source determination in the malaria vector anopheles atroparvus. | host identification is an essential step in studies on the transmission dynamics of vector-borne disease. nowadays, molecular tools allow the identification of vertebrate hosts to the species level. however, the proportion of successful identifications is variable and may be affected by the quality of the samples and the laboratory protocols. here, the effect of two of these factors, namely the digestion status of mosquito blood meal and the dna extraction procedure, on the success of host ident ... | 2013 | 23517864 |
| anopheles plumbeus (diptera: culicidae) in europe: a mere nuisance mosquito or potential malaria vector? | anopheles plumbeus has been recognized as a minor vector for human malaria in europe since the beginning of the 20th century. in recent years this tree hole breeding mosquito species appears to have exploited novel breeding sites, including large and organically rich man-made containers, with consequently larger mosquito populations in close vicinity to humans. this lead to investigate whether current populations of an. plumbeus would be able to efficiently transmit plasmodium falciparum, the pa ... | 2012 | 23181931 |
| structural divergence of chromosomes between malaria vectors anopheles lesteri and anopheles sinensis. | anopheles lesteri and anopheles sinensis are two major malaria vectors in china and southeast asia. they are dramatically different in terms of geographical distribution, host preference, resting habitats, and other traits associated with ecological adaptation and malaria transmission. both species belong to the anopheles hyrcanus group, but the extent of genetic differences between them is not well understood. to provide an effective way to differentiate between species and to find useful marke ... | 2016 | 27887641 |
| molecular species identification, host preference and detection of myxoma virus in the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae) in southern england, uk. | determining the host feeding patterns of mosquitoes by identifying the origin of their blood-meals is an important part of understanding the role of vector species in current and future disease transmission cycles. collecting large numbers of blood-fed mosquitoes from the field is difficult, therefore it is important to maximise the information obtained from each specimen. this study aimed to use mosquito genome sequence to identify the species within anopheles maculipennis sensu lato (an. macul ... | 2015 | 26271277 |