| implications of predator foraging on aphid pathogen dynamics. | the foraging behavior of starved and nonstarved second and fourth instar coccinella septempunctata larvae on dead acyrthosiphon pisum aphids, either infected with the entomopathogenic fungus erynia neoaphidis (sporulating) or uninfected, was examined. larvae searched for longer and fed less when presented with infected rather than uninfected a. pisum. although no sporulating infected aphids were completely consumed, both adult and larval ladybirds can still be considered as intraguild predators. ... | 1998 | 9538028 |
| aphids, predators and parasitoids. | a number of studies have demonstrated the role of herbivore-induced release of plant volatiles in mediating foraging behaviour of aphid parasitoids, particularly with the parasitoid aphidius ervi, its aphid host acyrthosiphon pisum and the aphid food plant vicia faba. these studies have shown that feeding by the aphid alters the composition of volatiles released by the plant and that these compounds act as synomones for the foraging parasitoid. of particular interest is the species-specificity o ... | 1999 | 10549548 |
| the function of resilin in beetle wings. | this account shows the distribution of elastic elements in hind wings in the scarabaeid pachnoda marginata and coccinellid coccinella septempunctata (both coleoptera). occurrence of resilin, a rubber-like protein, in some mobile joints together with data on wing unfolding and flight kinematics suggest that resilin in the beetle wing has multiple functions. first, the distribution pattern of resilin in the wing correlates with the particular folding pattern of the wing. second, our data show that ... | 2000 | 10983820 |
| population biology of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), in two potato cropping systems in israel. | the life cycle, within-field distribution, crop damage and impact of natural enemies of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (zeller) were investigated in two potato cropping systems. the two systems differed in soil type (sandy vs. loess) which in turn affected the choice of cultivars, irrigation programme, insecticide application method (ground vs. aerial), and planting and harvest times. from mid-april to the end of may, almost twice as many moths were caught in pheromone traps in s ... | 2000 | 11020789 |
| response of the ladybird parasitoid dinocampus coccinellae to toxic alkaloids from the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata. | electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the ladybird parasitoid dinocampus coccinellae to volatiles from the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag) with d. coccinellae located a small peak of prominent activity in an extract of volatiles from adult c. septempunctata. the active compound was identified by coupled gc-mass spectrometry and by comparison ... | 2001 | 11382065 |
| behaviour of the adult seven spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), in response to dimethoate residue on bean plants in the laboratory. | the sub-lethal effects of dimethoate residue on the distribution and locomotor activity of adults of coccinella septempunctata linnaeus on vicia faba plants were investigated in the laboratory. the presence of dimethoate residues on the upper half of the plant caused c. septempunctata to spend significantly less time on the plants overall. when given a choice of treated and untreated surfaces, c. septempunctata spent proportionately more time on the untreated areas of the plant. the locomotor ac ... | 2001 | 11415477 |
| the effect of natural enemies on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) by rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae). | the effects of two natural aphid enemies, adult coccinella septempunctata linneaus, a predator, and aphidius rhopalosiphi de stefani perez, a parasitoid, on spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) transmitted by the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) were studied under laboratory conditions. predators or parasitoids were introduced to trays of durum wheat seedlings and the patterns of virus infection were observed after two, seven and 14 days of exposure. more plants were in ... | 2001 | 11587627 |
| behavioral and electrophysiological responses of natural enemies to synomones from tea shoots and kairomones from tea aphids, toxoptera aurantii. | olfactometer bioassays and electrophysiological studies showed that the lacewing, chrysopa sinica, the aphid parasitoid, aphidius sp., and the coccinellid, coccinella septempunctata, all responded to volatiles from tea aphids, toxoptera aurantii, to hexane or ether rinses of tea aphid cuticles, and to synomones released by aphid-damaged tea shoots, as well as to the tea shoot-aphid complex. each natural enemy spent more time searching on a filter paper treated with tea aphid honeydew than on a b ... | 2002 | 12523563 |
| effect of spatial heterogeneity on the role of coccinella septempunctata as an intra-guild predator of the aphid pathogen pandora neoaphidis. | the foraging behavior of starved and non-starved adult and larval coccinella septempunctata on groups of plants in the presence of pandora neoaphidis-infected acyrthosiphon pisum, uninfected aphids or a mixture of these two prey types was compared. in general results of these studies confirmed the results of previous work comparing foraging behavior on a smaller spatial scale in petri dishes. however, behaviors were modified in response to spatial complexity, prey quality, and the host plant. st ... | 2003 | 12623308 |
| trace elements in soil and biota in confined disposal facilities for dredged material. | we studied the relation of trace element concentrations in soil to those in house mice (mus musculus), common reed (phragmites australis) and ladybugs (coccinella septempunctata at five disposal facilities for dredged material. the sites had a wide range of soil trace element concentrations, acid soils and a depauperate fauna. they were very poor wildlife habitat because they were dominated by the common reed. bioassay earthworms exposed to surface soils from three of the five sites died, wherea ... | 1990 | 15092276 |
| the role of semiochemicals in the avoidance of the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, by the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi. | the role of semiochemicals in mediating intraguild interactions between the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, and the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi, was investigated. female parasitoids avoided leaves visited by c. septempunctata adults and larvae during the previous 24 hr. ethanol extracts of c. septempuntata adults and larvae also induced avoidance responses by a. ervi. two of the hydrocarbons identified by gas chromatography (gc) and coupled gc-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), n-tri ... | 2004 | 15303317 |
| influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton. | in fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in tift county, georgia. the objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. the five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, secale cereale l., a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, trifolium incarnatum l., a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, trifoli ... | 2004 | 15384330 |
| ostrinia nubilalis parasitism and the field abundance of non-target insects in transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn (zea mays). | in this study, we evaluated in field trials the effects on non-target species, of transgenic corn producing the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in 1998, we collected ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae from transgenic bt corn (novartis hybrid 176) and non-bt corn at four geographical sites. we found a significant variation in parasitism by the tachinids lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) among sites, and more parasitism in non-bt than in bt fields. ... | 2002 | 15612256 |
| aphid specific predators in potato in belgium. | in summer 2003, aphid specific predators populations were sampled in four potato fields located in wallonia. ladybirds, hoverflies and lacewings were the most abundant predators collected. a total of 6 ladybird, 8 syrphid and 2 lacewing species was found. predator species composition and abundance greatly differed from field to field, while aphids populations were more or less similar with a peak of 3 to 5 aphid/potato leaf in mid-july. all chrysopidae sampled belong to the chrysoperla kolthoffi ... | 2004 | 15759406 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of a novel teratocyte-specific carboxylesterase from the parasitic wasp, dinocampus coccinellae. | teratocytes derived from the embryonic membrane (serosa) of parasitoids are released into the host hemocoel when the parasitoid eggs hatch, where they perform several functions during the post-embryonic stage. a full-length cdna encoding a putative carboxylesterase was isolated from the teratocytes of dinocampus coccinellae and was designated as teratocyte-specific carboxylesterase (tsc). it contained an open reading frame of 2571 bp coding for a protein of 857 amino acids with a calculated mole ... | 2005 | 16102422 |
| insecticide drift deposition on noncrop plant surfaces and its impact on two beneficial nontarget arthropods, aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera, braconidae) and coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera, coccinellidae). | drift of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin into field margins bordering wheat and its effect on nontarget arthropods was investigated under field conditions. insecticide deposition on leaf surfaces of broad beans exposed within field margins at 1-, 2-, and 3-m distance from the field edge and directly within the crop was quantified using a fluorescent tracer. the toxicity of leaf deposits to the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae) and to larvae of the ... | 2005 | 16152978 |
| methyl salicylate, a soybean aphid-induced plant volatile attractive to the predator coccinella septempunctata. | induced volatiles provide a signal to foraging predatory insects about the location of their prey. in iowa, early in the growing season of soybean, glycine max, many predacious seven-spotted lady beetles, coccinella septempunctata, were observed on plants with heavy infestations of soybean aphid, aphis glycines. we studied whether the attraction of this beetle is caused by the release of specific volatile compounds of soybean plants infested by aphids. volatile compounds emitted by soybean plant ... | 2005 | 16222805 |
| changes in delta 13c stable isotopes in multiple tissues of insect predators fed isotopically distinct prey. | traditionally, researchers have used measurements of carbon stable isotopes to infer the composition of consumers' diets. however, since consumer's tissues may process carbon isotopes differently, particularly following a diet shift, it is possible to use measurements of carbon isotopes in multiple tissues to determine not only the composition of an individual's diet, but also the temporal dynamics thereof. this study examined how stable isotopes of carbon (13c/12c, expressed as delta 13c) chang ... | 2006 | 16341886 |
| the effect of predators and hymenopterous parasites on population fluctuations of alfalfa aphids. | among alfalfa pests in iran three aphid species, green alfalfa aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harris spotted alfalfa aphid therioaphis trifolii forma maculata buckton and blue alfalfa aphid, acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji are important pests. the green alfalfa aphid can be observed all along the growing season particularly from late may to mid june at karaj climate conditions. during this period, the mean monthly maximum temperature and relative humidity were about 28 degrees c and 60-65% respectively. ... | 2005 | 16628912 |
| susceptibility of adult coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to insecticides with different modes of action. | five insecticides (pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, deltamethrin + heptenophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. tenebrionis) were examined in the laboratory for their acute detrimental side-effects at field rates on adult seven-spot ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. the toxicity of the preparations was determined by measuring the acute surface contact effects (dried spray on leaves of philadelphus coronarius l.), except for b. thuringiensis where mixed pollen ... | 2006 | 16649191 |
| fungal plant endosymbionts alter life history and reproductive success of aphid predators. | endosymbionts occur in most plant species and may affect interactions among herbivores and their predators through the production of toxic alkaloids. here, we ask whether effects of mycotoxins produced by the symbiosis of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii and the grass lolium perenne are transmitted to the aphidophagous ladybird coccinella septempunctata when feeding on cereal aphids rhopalosiphum padi on infected plants. the larval development of coccinellids was extended, while their sur ... | 2006 | 16720406 |
| chemically mediated intraguild predator avoidance by aphid parasitoids: interspecific variability in sensitivity to semiochemical trails of ladybird predators. | the avoidance responses of aphid parasitoids with varying host ranges (aphidius eadyi, aphidius ervi, and praon volucre) to chemical trails deposited by intraguild predatory ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata and adalia bipunctata, were investigated. females of all three parasitoid species avoided leaves previously visited by c. septempunctata or a. bipunctata adults. the avoidance responses shown by the two aphidius species were stronger to trails of c. septempunctata than to those of a. bipu ... | 2006 | 16902824 |
| predators exert top-down control of soybean aphid across a gradient of agricultural management systems. | the discovery of soybean aphid, aphis glycines matusumura, in north america in 2000 provided the opportunity to investigate the relative strength of top-down and bottom-up forces in regulating populations of this new invasive herbivore. at the kellogg biological station long term ecological research site in agroecology, we contrasted a. glycines establishment and population growth under three agricultural production systems that differed markedly in disturbance and fertility regimes. agricultura ... | 2006 | 16937822 |
| temporal detection of cry1ab-endotoxins in coccinellid predators from fields of bacillus thuringiensis corn. | the area planted to genetically engineered crops has increased dramatically in the last ten years. this has generated many studies examining non-target effects of bioengineered plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins. to date, most have focused on population-level effects in the field or laboratory evaluation of specific plant-herbivore or plant-herbivore-predator trophic pathways. using a post-mortem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we examined the uptake of cry1ab-endotoxins by p ... | 2007 | 17997879 |
| predation by coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) on aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae). | coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas are key natural enemies of soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura, in north america. third instars, adult females, and adult males of both c. septempunctata and h. axyridis exhibited a type ii functional response for predation toward adult soybean aphids at 26 +/- 1 degrees c. in c. septempunctata, the functional response curve of adult males differed from those of third instars and adult females, but there was no difference between thir ... | 2009 | 19508779 |
| interactions of native and non-native lady beetle species (coleoptera: coccinellidae) with aphid-tending ants in laboratory arenas. | interactions between lady beetles and the european fire ant (myrmica rubra l.) tending potato aphids [macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas)] were compared in the laboratory. lady beetle species native to north america (coccinella trifasciata perplexa mulsant, coleomegilla maculata lengi timberlake, hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville) and non-native species of palearctic origin [coccinella septempunctata l., harmonia axyridis (pallas), hippodamia variegata (goeze), propylea quatuordecimpunctata l.) ... | 2009 | 19508795 |
| intraguild interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and an aphid predator and parasitoid at the population scale. | the interactions that occur between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and a predator (coccinella septempunctata) and a parasitoid (aphidius ervi) were assessed in microcosm and polytunnel experiments. transmission of p. neoaphidis to the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, was enhanced in the presence of both c. septempunctata and a. ervi in microcosm experiments done under fixed abiotic conditions. in contrast, the reproductive success of a. ervi was reduced in the presence of p. neoap ... | 2009 | 19682460 |
| a well protected intruder: the effective antimicrobial defense of the invasive ladybird harmonia axyridis. | the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predatory beetle native to central and eastern asia. since 2007 it has established all over central europe. in order to elucidate which defense strategy is responsible for its high resistance to diseases, we tested hemolymph as well as eleven main components of the headspace of h. axyridis for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, b. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis, micrococcus luteus) ... | 2010 | 20890794 |
| effect of within-species plant genotype mixing on habitat preference of a polyphagous insect predator. | the effects of within-species plant genotype mixing on the habitat preference of a polyphagous ladybird were studied. plant species diversity is often claimed to positively affect habitat preferences of insect predators, but the effects of within-species genotype diversity have not been extensively studied. in a field experiment with different barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes in mixed and pure stands, adult seven-spot ladybird coccinella septempunctata, a polyphagous predator, preferred a spec ... | 2010 | 21080002 |
| avoidance of a generalist entomopathogenic fungus by the ladybird, coccinella septempunctata. | fungal entomopathogens are ubiquitous within the environment and susceptible insects are predicted to be under strong selection pressure to detect and avoid virulent isolates. beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a wide host range including coccinellids. seven-spot ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata, overwinter predominantly in leaf litter and b. bassiana is one of their major mortality factors during winter in temperate regions. behavioural assays were conducted to assess the ... | 2011 | 21449938 |
| temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants. | background: increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. in this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aroma ... | 2011 | 21480464 |
| two volatile organic compounds trigger plant self-defense against a bacterial pathogen and a sucking insect in cucumber under open field conditions. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant self-defense mechanism against a broad-range of pathogens and insect pests. among chemical sar triggers, plant and bacterial volatiles are promising candidates for use in pest management, as these volatiles are highly effective, inexpensive, and can be employed at relatively low concentrations compared with agrochemicals. however, such volatiles have some drawbacks, including the high evaporation rate of these compounds after application in the open ... | 2013 | 23698768 |
| de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of coccinella septempunctata l. in non-diapause, diapause and diapause-terminated states to identify diapause-associated genes. | the most common ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., is an excellent predator of crop pests such as aphids and white flies, and it shows a wide range of adaptability, a large appetite and a high reproductive ability. diapause research plays an important role in the artificial propagation and shelf-life extension of insect products. although this lady beetle's regulatory, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the diapause period are well understood, the molecular mechanism of ... | 2015 | 26689283 |
| influence of diet on fecundity, immune defense and content of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine in harmonia axyridis pallas. | food type can affect all functional aspects of an insect's life. we investigated the effects of different diet regimes on life history parameters of the ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis. furthermore, we tested the importance of elytral color, sex, and diet on chemical and immune defense in this species. we also compared hemolymph from cohorts of h. axyridis and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) fed different diets to examine effects on the 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (ipmp ... | 2012 | 22648506 |
| susceptibility of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes. | we investigated differential susceptibility of lady beetles to entomopathogenic nematodes, for two reasons: (1) to estimate potential nontarget effects on natural lady beetle populations, (2) to compare the susceptibility of exotic versus native lady beetle species. we hypothesize that successful establishment of some exotically introduced arthropods may be due, in part, to a lower susceptibility relative to competing native species. in laboratory studies, we compared the pathogenicity, virulenc ... | 2005 | 15913642 |
| comparative transcriptomics in three ladybird species supports a role for immunity in invasion biology. | the spread of the invasive harlequin ladybird (harmonia axyridis) in europe is accompanied by the decline of the native and non-invasive two-spotted ladybird (adalia bipunctata). here we show that microsporidia carried by h. axyridis can kill a. bipunctata following the oral uptake of spores, suggesting that their horizontal transmission via intraguild predation may help the invader to outcompete its native competitor. the native seven-spotted ladybird (coccinella septempunctata) is thought to b ... | 2017 | 27693193 |
| influence of alfalfa cultivar on suitability of acyrthosiphon kondoi (homoptera: aphididae) for survival and development of hippodamia convergens and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville and coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) larvae were supplied daily with 1, 2, 4, or 16 mg of acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji (homoptera: aphididae) reared on one of two susceptible ('ok08' or 'cuf-101') or one resistant ('54h55') alfalfa cultivar (imedicago sativa l.) . hippodamia convergens survived to the adult stage when supplied with > or = 1 mg of a. kondoi per day from both susceptible and aphid-resistant cultivars, whereas c. septemp ... | 2002 | 12075999 |
| interactions of the asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae), and the north american native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata (coleoptera: coccinellidae): prospects for recovery post-decline. | the decline of the north american native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata herbst, is strongly correlated with the introduction of coccinella septempunctata l., and c. novemnotata are locally extirpated across much of the united states. since c. novemnotata's decline, the invasive harmonia axyridis pallas has become dominant in north america. this study investigated whether h. axyridis has the potential to impede the recovery of c. novemnotata populations. to determine how h. axyridis interact ... | 2017 | 28049630 |
| do defensive chemicals facilitate intraguild predation and influence invasion success in ladybird beetles? | egg predation and cannibalism are believed to be common phenomena among many species of aphidophagous predatory ladybird beetles despite the presence of alkaloid based defensive chemicals in all life stages. we identified defensive chemicals from eggs of three congeneric species, one introduced into north america (coccinella septempunctata l.), and two native (c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and c. novemnotata herbst), and examined the effects of ingested defensive chemicals on first ins ... | 2014 | 25380992 |
| development times and age-specific life table parameters of the native lady beetle species coccinella novemnotata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and its invasive congener coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | to determine if differences in life history parameters contribute to native species exclusion, immature development times, larval survivorship, reproductive life history parameters, and age-specific life tables were determined for two populations (eastern united states and western united states) of ninespotted lady beetles (coccinella novemnotata herbst) and one population of sevenspotted lady beetles (coccinella septempunctata l.). developing larvae were provided an ad libitum diet of pea aphid ... | 2014 | 25182621 |
| comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues. | 1. pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum harris; hemiptera: aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. 2. laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids exposed to cues from ladybird predators and crowding, and their response was compared to pea a ... | 2014 | 24791058 |
| avoidance of intraguild predation leads to a long-term positive trait-mediated indirect effect in an insect community. | intraguild predation among natural enemies is common in food webs with insect herbivores at their base. though intraguild predation may be reciprocal, typically one species suffers more than the other and frequently exhibits behavioural strategies to lessen these effects. how such short-term behaviours influence population dynamics over several generations has been little studied. we worked with a model insect community consisting of two species of aphid feeding on different host plants (acyrtho ... | 2014 | 24122178 |
| frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in utah alfalfa fields. | aphidophagous lady beetles enhance their foraging success in natural settings by consuming other types of food in addition to aphids. frass analysis was used to examine natural diets of female lady beetles in fields of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in northern utah. the first (spring) alfalfa crop was censused in 2004 and 2005 to determine the diet of female adults of the introduced coccinella septempunctata l., and two native species, c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and hippodamia conver ... | 2010 | 20388290 |
| reproductive responses of invasive and native predatory lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to varying prey availability. | as adults, many predatory insects must adjust to a constantly changing prey environment while balancing between survival and reproduction. two laboratory experiments were conducted to compare reproductive responses of females of two species of lady beetles, invasive coccinella septempunctata l. and native c. transversoguttata richardsoni (brown), in utah alfalfa fields to varying availability of prey. when both lady beetles were placed immediately on experimental diets after being collected from ... | 2009 | 19689911 |
| inter- and intra-guild interactions related to aphids in nettle (urtica dioica l.) strips closed to field crops. | a field experiment designed to assess the biodiversity related to nettle strips closed to crops, and more particularly the aphid and related beneficial populations, was established in experimental farm located in gembloux (belgium). margin strips of nettle (urtica dioica) closed to wheat (triticum aestivum), green pea (pisum sativum) and rape (brassicae napus) fields were investigated. the diversity, abundance of aphids and related predators were analysed according to the plant crop species and ... | 2006 | 17385508 |
| interactions between an introduced and indigenous coccinellid species at different prey densities. | coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a palearctic coccinellid, has established and rapidly spread throughout the united states. this quantitative examination of larval interactions between c. septempunctata and coleomegilla maculata (degeer) (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a nearctic coccinellid, was conducted under controlled prey densities. larvae of both coccinellid species are affected by a limited diet [one pea aphid per day acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (homoptera: aphidid ... | 1998 | 28308499 |
| the role of vision and color in the close proximity foraging behavior of four coccinellid species. | the role of vision and color in close-proximity foraging behavior was investigated for four species of lady beetles: coccinella septempunctata, hippodamia convergens, harmonia axyridis, and coleomegilla maculata. the effect of light level and color cues on consumption rates varied among the four predator species. the consumption rates of these predators on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) was measured under light and dark conditions. c. septempunctata,h. convergens, and ha. axyridis co ... | 1998 | 28308464 |
| interspecific variation in the escape responses of aphids: effect on risk of predation from foliar-foraging and ground-foraging predators. | a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the effect of interspecific differences on prey defensive behavior on the susceptibility of two aphid species (acyrthosiphon pisum and a. kondoi) to a ground-foraging predator, harpalus pennsylvanicus, and a foliar-foraging predator, coccinella septempunctata. these organisms are representative of a biologically and economically important predator/prey system in alfalfa. the primary defensive behavior of both aphid species toward c. s ... | 1998 | 28308458 |
| fine structure of the kinetochores in six species of the coleoptera. | kinetochore structure was examined in a total of 6 species from 5 different families of the coleoptera using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin serial sections. metaphase spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes were studied in tenebrio molitor (tenebrionidae) to determine whether kinetochore structure varies depending on the cell type. in all three cell types, the kinetochore microtubules (mts) were in direct contact with the chromosomal surface, and kinetochore plates w ... | 1997 | 18464835 |
| impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms. | long-term effects of a single application of imidacloprid on ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., were studied in indoor laboratory microcosms, starting with the 2nd instar larvae of c. septempunctata but covering the full life cycle. the microcosms comprised enclosures containing a pot with soil planted with broad bean plants and black bean aphid, aphis craccivora koch, as food. exposure doses (0.85-13.66g a.i. ha(-1)) in the long-term microcosm experiment were based on a preliminary ... | 2014 | 25240465 |
| nano-formulation enhances insecticidal activity of natural pyrethrins against aphis gossypii (hemiptera: aphididae) and retains their harmless effect to non-target predators. | the insecticidal activity of a new nano-formulated natural pyrethrin was examined on the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), and the predators coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and macrolophus pygmaeus rambur (hemiptera: miridae), in respect with the nano-scale potential to create more effective and environmentally responsible pesticides. pyrethrin was nano-formulated in two water-in-oil micro-emulsions based on safe biocompatible materials, i.e., l ... | 2017 | 28210947 |
| intraguild predation responses in two aphidophagous coccinellids identify differences among juvenile stages and aphid densities. | (1) intraguild predation (igp) can occur among aphidophagous predators thus reducing their effectiveness in controlling crop pests. among ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata l. and hippodamia variegata goeze are the most effective predators upon aphis gossypii glov., which is an economically important pest of melon. understanding their likelihood to engage in reciprocal predation is a key point for conservation of biological control. here, we aim to investigate, under laboratory conditions, the ... | 2014 | 26462953 |
| soil-applied imidacloprid translocates to ornamental flowers and reduces survival of adult coleomegilla maculata, harmonia axyridis, and hippodamia convergens lady beetles, and larval danaus plexippus and vanessa cardui butterflies. | integrated pest management (ipm) is a decision making process used to manage pests that relies on many tactics, including cultural and biological control, which are practices that conserve beneficial insects and mites, and when needed, the use of conventional insecticides. however, systemic, soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides are translocated to pollen and nectar of flowers, often for months, and may reduce survival of flower-feeding beneficial insects. imidacloprid seed-treated crops (0.05 ... | 2015 | 25799432 |
| botanicals, selective insecticides, and predators to control diaphorina citri (hemiptera: liviidae) in citrus orchards. | the asian citrus psyllid (acp) diaphorina citri kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing (hlb) or citrus greening devastating and economically important disease present in most citrus growing regions. young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. during winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. botanicals and relatively select ... | 2014 | 25205398 |
| assessment of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc from fly ash amended soil in mustard-aphid-beetle food chain. | the present study investigates the extent of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of cadmium (cd), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) from fly ash amended soil in mustard (brassica juncea)-aphid (lipaphis erysimi)-beetle (coccinella septempunctata) food chain and its subsequent implications for the beetle. the soil was amended with fly ash at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% (w/w). our results showed that the uptake of cd, pb and zn from soil to mustard root increased with the increase in fly ash application r ... | 2017 | 28153402 |
| the transfer and fate of pb from sewage sludge amended soil in a multi-trophic food chain: a comparison with the labile elements cd and zn. | the contamination of agroecosystems due to the presence of trace elements in commonly used agricultural materials is a serious issue. the most contaminated material is usually sewage sludge, and the sustainable use of this material within agriculture is a major concern. this study addresses a key issue in this respect, the fate of trace metals applied to soil in food chains. the work particularly addresses the transfer of pb, which is an understudied element in this respect, and compares the tra ... | 2015 | 26070738 |
| the influence of plant architecture on the foraging efficiencies of a suite of ladybird beetles feeding on aphids. | by manipulating plant variety and predator species, we investigated the interactions of plant and predator traits in determining predation effectiveness. the predators were all coccinellid adults (hippodamia convergens, hippodamia variegata, coccinella apunctata, and coccinella septempunctata) and the prey were cabbage aphids (brevicoryne brassicae). foraging behavior of the four predators was observed on four crucifers that differed widely in their structures and surface textures (brassica oler ... | 1992 | 28312606 |
| estimating the effect of plant-provided food supplements on pest consumption by omnivorous predators: lessons from two coccinellid beetles. | plant-provided food supplements can influence biological pest control by omnivorous predators in two counteracting ways: they can (i) enhance predator populations, but (ii) reduce pest consumption by individual predators. yet the majority of studies address only one of these aspects. here, we first tested the influence of canola (brassica napus l.) pollen supplements on the life history of two ladybeetle species: hoppodamia variegata (goeze) and coccinella septempunctata (l.). we then developed ... | 2017 | 27470503 |
| accumulation of glucosinolates by the cabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae as a defense against two coccinellid species. | brassica nigra plants, characterized by high levels of sinigrin, and artificial aphid diets to which sinigrin was selectively added were used to rear the crucifer specialist, brevicoryne brassicae. aphids were provided as a food source to two species of polyphagous ladybird, adalia bipunctata and coccinella septempunctata. first instar a. bipunctata were unable to survive when fed with b. brassicae reared on b. nigra or diets containing 0.2% sinigrin, but when fed with aphids reared on diets con ... | 2008 | 18270780 |
| trap height affects capture of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in pecan orchards. | there is scarce information regarding the vertical stratification of predaceous coccinellidae in tall trees. although numerous studies have been done in orchards and forests, very few studies have assessed the occurrence of predaceous coccinellidae high in tree canopies. the objective of this study was to examine the abundance of coccinellidae at different heights in mature pecan, carya illinoinensis (wangenh.) k. koch, orchards with tall trees. from spring through late fall during 2013 and 2014 ... | 2017 | 28334128 |
| seasonal abundance of aphids and aphidophagous insects in pecan. | seasonal occurrence of aphids and aphidophagous insects was monitored for six years (2006-2011) from full leaf expansion in may to leaf fall in october in "desirable" variety pecan trees that were not treated with insecticides. aphid outbreaks occurred two times per season, once in the spring and again in the late summer. yellow pecan and blackmargined aphids exceeded the recommended treatment thresholds one time and black pecan aphids exceeded the recommended treatment levels three times over t ... | 2012 | 26466738 |
| intraguild predation among three common coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in china: detection using dna-based gut-content analysis. | the ubiquity of intraguild predation (igp) has been widely recognized for predatory coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae). in chinese agroecosystems, three species (coccinella septempunctata l., harmonia axyridis (pallas), and propylea japonica (thunberg)) are particularly common, but there is little information of interactions occurring between them. in no-choice laboratory feeding trials, differential directional predation was observed between species: c. septempunctata preyed on eggs of p. ... | 2017 | 28025220 |
| corrigendum: selection of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis in coccinella septempunctata to assess un-intended effects of rnai transgenic plants. | [this corrects the article on p. 1672 in vol. 7, pmid: 27877186.]. | 2016 | 27904471 |
| selection of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis in coccinella septempunctata to assess un-intended effects of rnai transgenic plants. | the development of genetically engineered plants that employ rna interference (rnai) to suppress invertebrate pests opens up new avenues for insect control. while this biotechnology shows tremendous promise, the potential for both non-target and off-target impacts, which likely manifest via altered mrna expression in the exposed organisms, remains a major concern. one powerful tool for the analysis of these un-intended effects is reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a te ... | 2016 | 27877186 |
| surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion. | the attachment ability of ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata was systematically investigated on eight types of surface, each with different chemical and topographical properties. the results of traction force tests clearly demonstrated that chemical surface properties, such as static/dynamic de-wettability of water and oil caused by specific chemical compositions, had no significant effect on the attachment of the beetles. surface roughness was found to be the dominant factor, strongly a ... | 2016 | 27826522 |
| influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (coccinella septempunctata). | many insects possess adhesive foot pads, which enable them to scale smooth vertical surfaces. the function of these organs may be highly affected by environmental conditions. ladybird beetles (coccinellidae) possess dense tarsal soles of tenent setae, supplemented with an adhesive fluid. we studied the attachment ability of the seven-spotted ladybird beetle (coccinella septempunctata) at different humidities by horizontal traction experiments. we found that both low (15%) and high (99%) relative ... | 2016 | 27826506 |
| sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the predatory seven-spot ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata. | the seven-spot ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata, is a major natural enemy of aphids in the field and in greenhouses in china and is part of integrated pest management (ipm). imidacloprid, a highly efficient insecticide that not only kills aphids at lethal concentrations, but also can cause various sublethal effects in nontarget organisms. to strengthen ipm and its sustainability, it is important assessing possible side effects on natural enemies. when the effects of sublethal concentra ... | 2016 | 27670666 |
| genetic diversity and structuring across the range of a widely distributed ladybird: focus on rear-edge populations phenotypically divergent. | population genetics and phenotypic structures are often predicted to vary along the geographic range of a species. this phenomenon would be accentuated for species with large range areas, with discontinuities and marginal populations. we herein compare the genetic patterns of central populations of coccinella septempunctata l. with those of two phenotypically differentiated populations considered as rear-edge populations and subspecies based on phenotype (algeria and japan). according to the cen ... | 2016 | 27551401 |
| the influence of exotic lady beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) establishment on the species composition of the native lady beetle community in missouri. | the diversity and abundance of native lady beetles (coccinellidae) in north america has declined in recent decades. this decline is often correlated with the introduction and establishment of exotic lady beetle species, including coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas, suggesting that exotic species precipitated the decline of native lady beetles. we examined species records of native coccinellids in missouri over 118 yr and asked whether the species composition of the communi ... | 2016 | 27271949 |
| functional morphology and structural characteristics of wings of the ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata (l.). | in recent years, the surface morphology and microstructure of ladybird (coccinella septempunctata) wings have been used to help design the flapping-wing micro air vehicle (fwmav). in this study, scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used to verify the functional roles of the ladybird forewing and hindwing. surface morphology and the cross-sectional microstructure of the wings are presented. detailed morphology of ladybird forewings was observed using atomic force microscopy (afm) and the compos ... | 2016 | 27111868 |
| antagonistic interactions between an invasive alien and a native coccinellid species may promote coexistence. | despite the capacity of invasive alien species to alter ecosystems, the mechanisms underlying their impact remain only partly understood. invasive alien predators, for example, can significantly disrupt recipient communities by consuming prey species or acting as an intraguild predator (igp). behavioural interactions are key components of interspecific competition between predators, yet these are often overlooked invasion processes. here, we show how behavioural, non-lethal igp interactions migh ... | 2016 | 26996740 |
| proteomic research on diapause-related proteins in the female ladybird, coccinella septempunctata l. | in the experiments reported here, we used the female ladybird coccinella septempunctata l. as a model to identify diapause-associated proteins using proteomics technology. our results indicated that protein expression patterns of diapausing and nondiapausing individuals were highly differentiated. a total of 58 spots showed significant differences in abundance (ratio > 2 and p < 0.05) according to two-dimensional electrophoresis and ge image scanner iii analysis. sixteen protein spots were furth ... | 2016 | 26603522 |
| intraspecific differences in plant chemotype determine the structure of arthropod food webs. | it is becoming increasingly appreciated that the structure and functioning of ecological food webs are controlled by the nature and level of plant chemicals. it is hypothesized that intraspecific variation in plant chemical resistance, in which individuals of a host-plant population exhibit genetic differences in their chemical contents (called 'plant chemotypes'), may be an important determinant of variation in food web structure and functioning. we evaluated this hypothesis using field assessm ... | 2016 | 26581421 |
| comparison of relative bias, precision, and efficiency of sampling methods for natural enemies of soybean aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | generalist natural enemies play an important role in controlling soybean aphid, aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), in north america. several sampling methods are used to monitor natural enemy populations in soybean, but there has been little work investigating their relative bias, precision, and efficiency. we compare five sampling methods: quadrats, whole-plant counts, sweep-netting, walking transects, and yellow sticky cards to determine the most practical methods for sampling the three mo ... | 2015 | 26470267 |
| effect of lures and colors on capture of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in tedders pyramidal traps. | purposeful attraction and aggregation of adult coccinellidae at target sites would be useful for sampling purposes and pest suppression. we field-tested 1) lures in yellow and black pyramidal traps and 2) pyramidal traps that had been painted one or two colors (without lures) to determine if lures or trap color affected capture of adult coccinellidae. in only one experiment with lures did a single rate of limonene increase trap capture, whereas no other lure ever did. yellow traps, regardless of ... | 2015 | 26314010 |
| intraguild interactions of native and introduced coccinellids: the decline of a flagship species. | the decline of coccinella novemnotata herbst, the ninespotted lady beetle, across north america has been attributed to the introduction of coccinella septempunctata l. it has been suggested that c. septempunctata negatively impacted c. novemnotata through a combination of mechanisms. we investigated the effects of scramble competition and intraguild predation between groups of c. septempunctata and c. novemnotata. a novel aspect of these experiments for this species combination was that we provi ... | 2015 | 26308807 |
| egg predation by the introduced lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), lowers mortality but raises relative risk for the native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata. | populations of the native ninespotted lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata herbst, have undergone precipitous declines in north america following the establishment of the exotic sevenspotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. recent volunteer efforts have made it possible to establish colonies of the now-rare c. novemnotata and test mechanisms contributing to its decline. we evaluated the relative frequencies of intraguild predation and cannibalism of eggs between these two species. a sing ... | 2015 | 26090935 |
| do microsporidia function as "biological weapon" for harmonia axyridis under natural conditions? | invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured asian ladybird harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers of biodiversity loss. therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of h. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild-caught h. axyridis and the native ladybird species coccinella septempunctata. the microsporidia were rece ... | 2015 | 25829258 |
| volatile interaction between undamaged plants affects tritrophic interactions through changed plant volatile emission. | volatile interactions between unattacked plants can lead to changes in their volatile emissions. exposure of potato plants to onion plant volatiles results in increased emission of 2 terpenoids, (e)-nerolidol and tmtt. we investigated whether this is detectable by the ladybird coccinella septempunctata. the odor of onion-exposed potato was significantly more attractive to ladybirds than that of unexposed potato. further, a synthetic blend mimicking the volatile profile of onion-exposed potato wa ... | 2014 | 25763628 |
| insect attachment on crystalline bioinspired wax surfaces formed by alkanes of varying chain lengths. | the impeding effect of plant surfaces covered with three-dimensional wax on attachment and locomotion of insects has been shown previously in numerous experimental studies. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of different parameters of crystalline wax coverage on insect attachment. we performed traction experiments with the beetle coccinella septempunctata and pull-off force measurements with artificial adhesive systems (tacky polydimethylsiloxane semi-spheres) on bioinspired wax sur ... | 2014 | 25161838 |
| comparative study of the fluid viscosity in tarsal hairy attachment systems of flies and beetles. | wet adhesive systems of insects strongly rely for their function on the formation of capillary bridges with the substrate. studies on the chemical composition and evaporation dynamics of tarsal secretions strongly suggest a difference in chemistry of secretion in beetles and flies, both possessing hairy attachment devices. this difference is assumed to influence the viscosity of the secretion. here, we applied a microrheological technique, based on the immersion of nanometric beads in the collec ... | 2014 | 25142527 |
| characterization and analysis of structural isomers of dimethyl methoxypyrazines in cork stoppers and ladybugs (harmonia axyridis and coccinella septempunctata). | the three constitutional isomers of dimethyl-substituted methoxypyrazines: 3,5-dimethyl-2-methoxypyrazine 1; 2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine 2; and 2,3-dimethyl-5-methoxypyrazine 3 are potent flavor compounds with similar mass spectrometric, gas chromatographic, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic behavior. therefore, unambiguous analytical determination is critical, particularly in complex matrices. the unequivocal identification of 1-3 could be achieved by homo- and heteronuclear nmr c ... | 2014 | 25120181 |
| does the volatile hydrocarbon profile differ between the sexes: a case study on five aphidophagous ladybirds. | insect hydrocarbons (hcs) primarily serve as a waterproofing cuticular layer and function extensively in chemical communication by facilitating species, sex, and colony recognition. in this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction is employed for investigating the sex-specific volatile hc profile of five ladybirds collected from lucknow, india namely, coccinella septempunctata (l.), coccinella transversalis (fabr.), menochilus sexmaculatus (fabr.), propylea dissecta (mulsant), and anegleis c ... | 2014 | 25060353 |
| larval and female footprints as feeding deterrent cues for immature stages of two congeneric ladybird predators (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | in the present study predation parameters, i.e. consumption rate, conversion efficiency and growth rate, and total developmental duration of immature stages of two congeneric ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata (l.) and coccinella transversalis f., have been evaluated in presence of conspecific and heterospecific fourth instar larval and adult female tracks. we hypothesized that the semiochemicals within larval/adult female tracks might act as foraging/feeding deterrent pheromones (fdps) and wo ... | 2014 | 24963549 |
| effect of prey limitation on competitive interactions between a native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata, and an invasive lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | the size and geographic distribution of coccinella novemnotata herbst populations have been decreasing rapidly across north america closely following the establishment, spread, and population growth of the invasive seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. to determine whether intraguild predation and competition for prey may be partially responsible for the decline, we paired first-instar larvae of two populations of c. novemnotata (eastern and western) with first-instar c. septem ... | 2014 | 24937124 |
| volatile interaction between undamaged plants affects tritrophic interactions through changed plant volatile emission. | volatile interactions between unattacked plants can lead to changes in their volatile emissions. exposure of potato plants to onion plant volatiles results in increased emission of 2 terpenoids, (e)-nerolidol and tmtt. we investigated whether this is detectable by the ladybird coccinella septempunctata. the odor of onion-exposed potato was significantly more attractive to ladybirds than that of unexposed potato. further, a synthetic blend mimicking the volatile profile of onion-exposed potato wa ... | 2014 | 24927115 |
| methoxypyrazine composition of coccinellidae-tainted riesling and pinot noir wine from germany. | harmonia axyridis (multicolored asian ladybeetle) and coccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybeetle) (coccinellidae) are found in many wine regions in europe and the americas, where they are responsible for a pronounced wine fault known as 'ladybug taint' when incorporated with grapes during harvest operations. methoxypyrazines have been proposed in the literature as the compounds responsible for the taint. this study sought to expand on this identification and also determine the effectivenes ... | 2015 | 24863136 |
| is the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis, the most abundant natural enemy to aphids in agroecosystems? | the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis pallas (coleoptera: coccinellidae), was introduced into western europe in the late 1990s. since the late 2000s, this species has been commonly considered one of the most abundant aphid predators in most western european countries. in spite of the large amount of research on h. axyridis, information concerning its relative abundance in agroecosystems is lacking. this study aims to evaluate the abundance of h. axyridis within the aphidophage com ... | 2013 | 24785375 |
| seasonal dynamics of wheat aphid complex and predator coccinella septempunctata in relation to abiotic and biotic factors. | seasonal dynamics studies on wheat aphid complex, comprising of four major species and its predator coccinella septempunctata were conducted in context to abiotic and biotic factors. the alate form of aphids appeared on the crop during the 1st week of december. the colony build up of aphid complex started during the 2nd week of january and peak was observed after the 1st week of march. wheat aphid complex started declining in the last week of march and disappeared by mid april. the abiotic facto ... | 2013 | 24640244 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a phytophagous ladybird beetle, henosepilachna pusillanima (mulsant) (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | ladybird beetles are generally considered as agriculturally beneficial insects, but the ladybird beetles in the coleopteran subfamily epilachninae are phytophagous and major plant feeding pest species which causes severe economic losses to cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops. henosepilachna pusillanima (mulsant) is one of the important pest species of ladybird beetle. in this report, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of h. pusillanima. for sequencing of the comple ... | 2016 | 24617459 |
| characteristics and drivers of high-altitude ladybird flight: insights from vertical-looking entomological radar. | understanding the characteristics and drivers of dispersal is crucial for predicting population dynamics, particularly in range-shifting species. studying long-distance dispersal in insects is challenging, but recent advances in entomological radar offer unique insights. we analysed 10 years of radar data collected at rothamsted research, u.k., to investigate characteristics (altitude, speed, seasonal and annual trends) and drivers (aphid abundance, air temperature, wind speed and rainfall) of h ... | 2013 | 24367512 |
| impact of host plant resistance on the tritrophic interactions between wheat genotypes, schizaphis graminum (homoptera: aphididae), and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) using molecular methods. | the objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of wheat resistance on digestibility of schizaphis graminum (rondani) in the coccinella septempunctata l. gut. four wheat genotypes including an ancient wheat species (einkorn) and three iranian wheat genotypes (azadi, ommid, and moghan2) were used. einkorn was found to be a highly resistant species, while azadi, ommid, and moghan2 were characterized as resistant, semiresistant, and susceptible genotypes, respectively, based on some b ... | 2013 | 24331623 |
| incorporating natural enemy units into a dynamic action threshold for the soybean aphid, aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae). | recommended action thresholds for soybean aphid, aphis glycines, do not adjust for natural enemy impact, although natural enemies contribute important biological control services. because individual natural enemy species have varied impacts on pest population dynamics, incorporating the impact of a diverse predator guild into an action threshold can be cumbersome. | 2014 | 24214819 |
| toxic effects of hexaflumuron on the development of coccinella septempunctata. | studying the toxic risk of pesticide exposure to ladybird beetles is important from an agronomical and ecological perspective since larval and adult ladybirds are dominant predators of herbivorous pest insects (e.g., aphids) in various crops in china. this article mainly deals with the long-term effects of a single application of the insect growth regulator hexaflumuron on coccinella septempunctata. a 72-h and a 33-day toxicity test with hexaflumuron (single application) were performed, starting ... | 2014 | 23917742 |
| time-response relationships for the accumulation of cu, ni and zn by seven-spotted ladybirds (coccinella septempunctata l.) under conditions of single and combined metal exposure. | accumulation, and therefore toxicity, of trace metals in invertebrates may be affected by potential interactive effects that can occur amongst different metallic elements. however, there is little data on the nature and effects of such interactions in terrestrial systems. this work reports the interactions among cu, ni and zn during accumulation by the beetle coccinella septempunctata. test animals were treated with 500mgkg(-1) of each metal singularly and in combination for 15d. the effects of ... | 2013 | 23810517 |
| invasive harlequin ladybird carries biological weapons against native competitors. | invasive species that proliferate after colonizing new habitats have a negative environmental and economic impact. the reason why some species become successful invaders, whereas others, even closely related species, remain noninvasive is often unclear. the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis, introduced for biological pest control, has become an invader that is outcompeting indigenous ladybird species in many countries. here, we show that harmonia carries abundant spores of obligate parasitic ... | 2013 | 23687046 |
| virtual garden computer program for use in exploring the elements of biodiversity people want in cities. | urban ecology is emerging as an integrative science that explores the interactions of people and biodiversity in cities. interdisciplinary research requires the creation of new tools that allow the investigation of relations between people and biodiversity. it has been established that access to green spaces or nature benefits city dwellers, but the role of species diversity in providing psychological benefits remains poorly studied. we developed a user-friendly 3-dimensional computer program (v ... | 2013 | 23646997 |
| sexual activity diminishes male virility in two coccinella species: consequences for female fertility and progeny development. | male contributions, both chemical and behavioural, can influence female sperm usage and reproductive success. to determine whether such male factors are subject to depletion in coccinella septempunctata and coccinella transversalis, we tested the effects of male mating history on male virility, as estimated by measures of mating behaviour, female reproductive success and progeny fitness, with parental age held constant. overt measures of male mating effort (wriggling duration, number of shaking ... | 2013 | 23590838 |
| evidence for a material gradient in the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata. | for an insect to be able to efficiently attach to surfaces, the adhesive pads on the distal parts of its legs must establish large contact areas. in case of hairy adhesive pads this requires flexibility of the contact-forming bristles, called adhesive tarsal setae. however, too flexible setae would have a low mechanical stability resulting in a decreased attachment ability of the pads. here we show that the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata feature pronounced ... | 2013 | 23552076 |
| a switch from constitutive chemical defence to inducible innate immune responses in the invasive ladybird harmonia axyridis. | the harlequin ladybird, harmonia axyridis, has emerged as a model species for invasion biology, reflecting its remarkable capacity to outcompete native ladybird species when introduced into new habitats. this ability may be associated with its prominent resistance to pathogens and intraguild predation. we recently showed that the constitutive antibacterial activity present in the haemolymph of h. axyridis beetles can be attributed to the chemical defence compound harmonine. here, we demonstrate ... | 2013 | 23466480 |