| incorporation of cadmium into proteins in a cadmium tolerant fungi. | aspergillus carbonarius and a strain of penicillium, a cadmium tolerant fungi, are able to metabolize cadmium chloride up to 2% (w/v). their amino acids analysis on cadmium free and cadmium chloride containing media indicated certain disorders in their metabolic activities. cystathionine was only detected in both fungi in the presence of cadmium chloride. however, cadmium was incorporated into several types of low and high molecular weight proteins. the amino acids hydrolyzates of a cadmium cont ... | 1989 | 2484413 |
| influence of cadmium on certain biological activities in a cadmium-tolerant fungi. | aspergillus carbonarius and a strain of penicillium are able to grow on harrold's agar media amended with different concentrations of cadmium chloride up to 2.5% (w/v). considerable quantities of cadmium were absorbed by both fungi. a. carbonarius absorbed more cadmium than the penicillium sp. did, under the same culturing conditions. in the presence of cadmium, the determined cellular contents of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates were extraordinary high, whereas the activities of certain enzy ... | 1988 | 2484563 |
| the effect of inhibitors on germination of spores of aspergillus carbonarius. | | 1980 | 6969672 |
| lytic activity of enzyme preparation from aspergillus carbonarius. | aspergillus carbonarius was recorded as a good producer of microbial cell wall lytic enzymes. the enzyme preparation effectively lysed both living and heat-treated cells of some bacteria and yeasts. polymers of microbial cell wall constitution had been also hydrolysed. production of the highest content of lytic enzymes was induced by killed cells of escherichia coli. the crude preparation revealed its maximal bacteriolytic activity at ph 7.2 and 35 degrees c. endo-1,3-beta--glucanase, mannanase ... | 1994 | 7740982 |
| the effect of phosphate concentration on phytase production and the reduction of phytic acid content in canola meal by aspergillus carbonarius during a solid-state fermentation process. | the use of canola meal, an abundant side-product of canola oil processing in canada, as animal feed is hampered by high phytic acid levels that reduce metal cation availability. aspergillus carbonarius grows well in a solid canola meal medium, produces phytase and reduces the phytic acid content to zero. inorganic phosphate addition at a concentration of 1 mg and 5 mg/110 g solid-state culture system results in better growth of the microorganism, higher rates and levels of phytase production, an ... | 1995 | 7766133 |
| adsorption of copper and chromium by aspergillus carbonarius. | aspergillus carbonarius nrc 401121 adsorbs some copper and chromium from their solutions. the amount of the adsorbed metal per unit of biomass increased with a decrease in the biomass concentration. the increases in the initial concentrations of metals and ph of the solutions resulted in an increase in copper and chromium uptake. the optimum temperature for copper uptake was 25 degrees c. heating of the biomass prior to utilizing it in the adsorption tests decreased its metal adsorption capacity ... | 1995 | 8541015 |
| molecular polymorphism and phenotypic variation in aspergillus carbonarius. | thirteen collection strains and field isolates of aspergillus carbonarius were examined by using various genotypic and phenotypic approaches. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal rna gene cluster and the mitochondrial dna of the strains revealed only slight variations, except for one field isolate (in7), which exhibited completely different ribosomal rna gene cluster and mitochondrial dna patterns. the mitochondrial dnas of these strains were found to be much larger ... | 1996 | 8836442 |
| ochratoxin a: an antiinsectan metabolite from the sclerotia of aspergillus carbonarius nrrl 369. | ochratoxin a, a known mycotoxin with demonstrated toxicity to insects, has been isolated from the sclerotia of the fungus aspergillus carbonarius nrrl 369. the sclerotia, harvested from a solid substrate fermentation of corn kernels at 28 degrees c, produced quantities of ochratoxin a exceeding 50 ppm/g dry weight of sclerotia. evidence is presented that ochratoxin a accounts for the activity of the methanol extract against larvae of the detritivorous beetle carpophilus hemipterus (nitidulidae) ... | 1996 | 8941986 |
| conformation of polygalacturonase-ii from aspergillus carbonarius--a spectroscopic study. | solution conformation of polygalacturonase from aspergillus carbonarius was determined by spectroscopy. uv absorption, second derivative, near-uv cd, fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence quenching measurements suggest that the tryptophan fluorophores are in a hydrophobic environment. of the nine tryptophan residues, only one is exposed to the solvent. in the near uv region the enzyme exhibits very weak cd bands, the far uv cd spectrum has a minimum at 218 nm; the enzyme is rich in para ... | 1998 | 9503150 |
| interpretation of variability of mitochondrial genomes in the species aspergillus carbonarius. | for interpretation of intraspecific polymorphism and the considerable differences in the size of mtdnas among three groups of a. carbonarius, restriction maps were constructed from several enzymes. functional maps were also developed to compare genome organisations and gene content. the appearance of various mtdnas of a. carbonarius strains are different in size, but their gene content is almost identical. the 1.1 kb size difference between two closely related subgroups (1a, 1b) can be attribute ... | 1999 | 10427411 |
| genetic improvement of aspergillus carbonarius for pectinase overproduction during solid state growth. | low pectinase production by aspergillus carbonarius growing on wheat bran solid substrate was found to be due to reduced colonizational ability of the fungus. since a. niger showed higher growth rates on wheat bran, strain improvement to obtain higher pectinase production in solid state was carried out by inter-specific fusion of protoplasts of a. carbonarius and a. niger. one of the mutants selected for higher activities of alpha-glucosidase showed improved growth rates on wheat bran solid subs ... | 2000 | 10581444 |
| [melanin pigments of the fungi paecilomyces variotii and aspergillus carbonarius]. | pigments synthesized by micromycetes paecilomyces variotii and aspergillus carbonarius are true melanins. copper ions and bicyclic phenolic compounds stimulated melaninogenesis, whereas benzotriazole inhibited this process. precursors of melanin pigments were obtained and identified. p-hydroxybenzoic acid was shown to be the main product of melanin degradation. melanins of these fungi are concluded to belong to the dihydronaphthalene group. | 2000 | 10780001 |
| study on heterogeneity of beta-glucosidase from aspergillus species by using counter-current distribution. | beta-glucosidase plays a key role in cellulose degradation by cleaving its cellobiose units to glucose. the heterogeneity of the enzyme has been studied earlier by isoelectric focusing and several isoforms were found in the culture filtrate of trichoderma and aspergillus species. an aqueous two-phase system is an alternative fractionation method in which proteins are separated according to their net charge and surface properties. a dextran 500-poly(ethylene glycol) 8000 system was used to study ... | 2000 | 10942293 |
| production of ochratoxin a by aspergillus carbonarius on coffee cherries. | robusta coffee cherries collected before and during sun drying from two coffee farms in thailand were examined for moulds producing ochratoxin a (oa). aspergillus ochraceus was only detected in one sample, whereas aspergillus carbonarius was isolated from 7 out of 14 samples. on gamma-irradiated coffee cherries, each of the six tested a. carbonarius strains produced oa. more than 4800 microg kg(-1) of toxin were detected under optimal conditions (25 degrees c, a(w) 0.99). oa production was stron ... | 2001 | 11322699 |
| current importance of ochratoxin a-producing aspergillus spp. | ochratoxin a (oa) is receiving attention worldwide because of the hazard it poses to human and animal health. oa contamination of commodities, such as cereals or pork and poultry meat, is well recognized. nevertheless, there is an increasing number of articles reporting oa contamination in other food commodities, such as coffee, beer, wine, grape juice, and milk, in the last few years. this continuous and increasing exposure to oa that humans experience is reflected in the high incidence of oa i ... | 2001 | 11403149 |
| identification, classification and phylogeny of the aspergillus section nigri inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | the partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 32 strains of 12 species belonging to aspergillus section nigri was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. using 402 nucleotide characters, nucleotide-based and amino acid-based phylogenetic trees were inferred and the genetic divergence among the species was evaluated. based on analyses of the 402-bp nucleotide and 133-amino acid sequences, strains were divided into 11 dna types and five amino acid types. aspergillus n ... | 2001 | 11425482 |
| fungal flora and ochratoxin a production in grapes and musts from france. | eleven samples of grapes and musts used in red table wines were investigated for the occurrence of potential ochratoxin a (ota)-producing molds. from these samples, 59 filamentous fungi and 2 yeasts were isolated. among the 30 genera isolated, deuteromycetes were the most frequent (70%) followed by ascomycetes (10%). six of the eleven grapes samples were contaminated by potentially ochratoxinogenic strains (penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus carbonarius). when cultivated in vitro on solid c ... | 2002 | 11853522 |
| investigation of the active site of the extracellular beta-d-xylosidase from aspergillus carbonarius. | the catalytic amino acid residues of the extracellular beta-d-xylosidase (beta-d-xyloside xylohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.37) from aspergillus carbonarius was investigated by the ph dependence of reaction kinetic parameters and chemical modifications of the enzyme. the ph dependence curves gave apparent pk values of 2.7 and 6.4 for the free enzyme, while pk value of 4.0 was obtained for the enzyme-substrate complex using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-xyloside as a substrate. these results suggested that a carbox ... | 2002 | 11888205 |
| [the nature of melanin pigments from some micro- and macromycetes]. | new inhibitors of melanin formation by micromycetes aspergillus carbonarius, alternaria alternata, and paecilomyces variotii and basidiomycetes inonotus obliquus and phellinus robustus were found. precursors of melanin pigments were isolated and identified. p-hydroxybenzoic acid was identified among the products of alkaline degradation of melanin formed by micromycetes, whereas in the case of macromycetes this was protocatechuic acid. therefore, melanins of the former were found to belong to the ... | 2002 | 12068581 |
| what is the source of ochratoxin a in wine? | during a microvinification trial using natural mouldy grapes from a research experimental vineyard, ochratoxin a (ota) contaminated white wine was obtained. potential ota-producing mycobiota of grape samples used in this microvinification process was assessed. only aspergillus carbonarius isolates were detected as producers of ota. our report is a strong evidence of the contribution of a. carbonarius in the ota contamination in wine. | 2002 | 12371656 |
| aspergillus carbonarius as the main source of ochratoxin a contamination in dried vine fruits from the spanish market. | ochratoxin a (ota) can occur in a wide range of foods, but unexpectedly high concentrations have been detected in dried vine fruits of various origins. the european union has recently established a maximum ota limit of 10 microg/kg for these foodstuffs. in order to determine the likely origin of ota, a mycological study of 50 dried fruit samples (currants, raisins, and sultanas) representative of the spanish market was conducted. fungal contamination was detected in 49 of 50 (98%) samples. black ... | 2003 | 12636310 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a-producing fungi in grapes grown in italy. | a study was carried out to investigate fungi present on grapes grown in italy. aspergillus and penicillium spp. isolates were identified and studied in vitro, and their ability to produce ochratoxin a (oa) was investigated. the survey involved nine vineyards, three located in northern italy and six located in southern italy. in 1999 and 2000, bunches of grapes at different growth stages were collected from all nine vineyards, and berry samples were placed in moist chambers and incubated. the res ... | 2003 | 12696687 |
| black aspergillus species as ochratoxin a producers in portuguese wine grapes. | to evaluate the incidence of fungi producing ochratoxin a (oa) in portuguese wine grapes, a survey was conducted in 11 vineyards, from four winemaking regions each with distinct climatic conditions. from setting to the harvesting period, a total of 1,650 berries were sampled by plating methods. out of 370 aspergilli and 301 penicillium strains isolated, 14% of the aspergilli were oa-producing strains. none of the penicillia were oa-producing strains. the black aspergilli were predominant (90%). ... | 2003 | 14527786 |
| incubation time and water activity effects on ochratoxin a production by aspergillus section nigri strains isolated from grapes. | the objective of this study was to determine the temporal ochratoxin a (ota) accumulation profile of aspergillus section nigri at different water activity (aw) levels. | 2004 | 14687219 |
| chromium recycling of tannery waste through microbial fermentation. | an aspergillus carbonarius isolate, selected from an established microbial culture collection, was used to study the biodegradation of chromium shavings in solid-state fermentation experiments. approximately 97% liquefaction of the tannery waste was achieved and the liquid obtained from long-term experiments was used to recover chromium. the resulting alkaline chromium sulfate solution was useful in tanning procedures. a proteinaceous liquid was also obtained which has potential applications as ... | 2004 | 14767674 |
| production, partial purification and some properties of beta-galactosidase from aspergillus carbonarius. | production of beta-galactosidase by aspergillus carbonarius grown on deproteinized cheese whey as basal medium was optimized (cultivation period of 6 d, ph 4.5, cultivation temperature 30 degrees c). the enzyme was partially purified (52.9-fold with an overall yield of 45.3% and a final specific activity of 4588 mu kat/g protein. the optimum ph for the enzyme activity was ph 4.5. the enzyme is to some extent thermostable. metal ions are not required for enzyme activity. the enzyme may be conside ... | 2003 | 14976712 |
| water and temperature relations of growth and ochratoxin a production by aspergillus carbonarius strains from grapes in europe and israel. | this study investigated the in vitro effects of water activity (a(w); 0.85-0.987) and temperature (10-40 degrees c) on growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production by two strains of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from wine grapes from three different european countries and israel on a synthetic grape juice medium representative of mid-veraison (total of eight strains). | 2004 | 15239712 |
| a molecular method for detection of aspergillus carbonarius in coffee beans. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxin that has been detected in a variety of food products, including green coffee beans. about 80% of aspergillus carbonarius strains collected from coffee beans are able to produce ota on this substrate. the rapid identification of this fungal species would be desirable. rapd assays were applied to identify amplification products specific for a. carbonarius. one selected fragment, denoted opx7809, was cloned and sequenced. based on the n ... | 2004 | 15297917 |
| fungal microflora and ochratoxin a risk in french vineyards. | to evaluate the ochratoxin a risk in french vineyards, five winemaking regions were investigated. an exhaustive survey of the fungal microflora of 60 grape samples was carried out at two development stages of the berries: end of veraison and harvest time. potentially toxinogenic fungi isolated from grapes were assessed in vitro for ochratoxin a production. ochratoxin a was also quantified in musts by high-performance liquid chromatography after cleanup on immunoaffinity columns. among the 90 spe ... | 2004 | 15373422 |
| utilization of aflp markers for pcr-based identification of aspergillus carbonarius and indication of its presence in green coffee samples. | the objective of this work was to test whether ochratoxin a (ota) production of aspergillus niger and a. carbonarius is linked to a certain genotype and to identify marker sequences with diagnostic value aiding identification of a. carbonarius, a fungus of major concern regarding ota production in food and food raw materials. | 2004 | 15479404 |
| ochratoxigenic species from spanish wine grapes. | the ochratoxigenic mycobiota of grapes belonging to representative wine regions located along the mediterranean coast of spain at different developmental stages was identified. during the development of the berries, the occurrence of aspergillus spp. increased while the percentage of berries contaminated by non-ochratoxin a (ota) producing species such as alternaria spp. and cladosporium spp. decreased. penicillium verrucosum, the only confirmed penicillium spp. that is able to produce ota, was ... | 2005 | 15681040 |
| aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a production on a synthetic grape medium in relation to environmental factors. | the effects of water activity (0.90-0.99 a(w)), temperature (15-37 degrees c), and their interaction on growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production by eight isolates of aspergillus carbonarius were investigated on synthetic nutrient medium (snm) with composition similar to grapes. | 2005 | 15752329 |
| dna-based characterization of ochratoxin-a-producing and non-producing aspergillus carbonarius strains from grapes. | using molecular methods, a total of 189 strains of black aspergilli, including aspergillus carbonarius and uniseriate species (aspergillus aculeatus, aspergillus japonicus), were studied in order to characterize species responsible for ochratoxin a (ota) contamination of grapes from europe and israel. sixty-six strains were morphologically identified as belonging to the uniseriate species and 123 as a. carbonarius. none of the uniseriate species were able to produce ota. from the a. carbonarius ... | 2005 | 15808942 |
| mycotoxin-producing and other fungi isolated from grapes for wine production, with particular emphasis on ochratoxin a. | mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that have been detected in food commodities, including grapes and wine. a survey was conducted to assess mycotoxin-producing fungi in grapes destined for wine production. the mycotoxigenic capacity of the isolates was tested in culture media. grapes were analyzed by plating methods from 4 portuguese wine-growing regions at 3 maturation stages (pea berry, early veraison and ripe berry) between 2001 and 2003. from the 10,602 ... | 2005 | 15862450 |
| pcr detection assays for the ochratoxin-producing aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus ochraceus species. | two pcr assays have been developed to detect aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus ochraceus, considered the main sources of ochratoxin a (ota) contaminating commodities, particularly grapes, coffee and derivatives, in warm climates. the species specific primers have been designed on the basis of its (internal transcribed spacers of rdna units) sequence comparisons obtained from aspergillus strains and have been tested in a number of strains from different origins and hosts. these pcr assays, ... | 2005 | 15967531 |
| occurrence of mycotoxin producing fungi in bee pollen. | the natural mycobiota occurring in bee pollen is studied in the present report with special attention to analyze the incidence of fungal species that are potential producers of mycotoxins. a total of 90 ready-to-eat bee pollen samples were analyzed. eighty-seven samples were collected in stores placed in different spanish areas and three were from buenos aires (argentina). the statistical results (anova) showed that yeasts and penicillium spp. were the predominant fungi. with regard to the poten ... | 2005 | 16009441 |
| influence of ph and incubation time on ochratoxin a production by aspergillus carbonarius in culture media. | the effect of ph (2 to 10) and temperature (15 and 30 degrees c) on growth and production of ochratoxin a (ota) of six strains of aspergillus carbonarius was studied in two culture media: czapek yeast autolysate agar and yeast extract sucrose agar. isolates were selected by their different source and different reported ability to produce ota. regardless of the initial ph or the temperature tested, czapek yeast autolysate agar has been shown to be the best culture medium for ota production by a. ... | 2005 | 16013382 |
| ochratoxin a-producing species in grapes and sun-dried grapes and their relation to ecophysiological factors. | to explain the dominance of ota-producing fungal species in sun-dried grapes for special wine production through an ecophysiological approach. | 2005 | 16033521 |
| toxigenic fungi isolated from dried vine fruits in argentina. | to evaluate the potential for mycotoxin production by fungi in dried vine fruits, the mycobiota was determined both before and after surface disinfection. predominant genera were aspergillus (50.2%), eurotium (21.4%) and penicillium (13.5%). aspergillus section nigri ("black aspergilli") were isolated with relatively high frequency. aspergillus niger was the most common species but only 3 of 293 isolates screened were ochratoxin a (ota) producers. aspergillus carbonarius was less common but 96% ... | 2005 | 16054260 |
| study of spanish grape mycobiota and ochratoxin a production by isolates of aspergillus tubingensis and other members of aspergillus section nigri. | the native mycobiota of five grape varieties grown in spain has been studied. four (bobal, tempranillo, garnacha, and monastrell) were red varieties and one (moscatel) was white. the main fungal genera isolated were alternaria, cladosporium, and aspergillus. the isolation frequency of aspergillus spp. section nigri in contaminated samples was 82%. ochratoxin a (ota) production was assessed using yeast extract-sucrose broth supplemented with 5% bee pollen. cultures of 205 isolates from this secti ... | 2005 | 16085865 |
| conidia of black aspergilli as new biological adsorbents for ochratoxin a in grape juices and musts. | biological removal of ochratoxin a (ota) by living and heat-treated dead conidia of black aspergillus isolates representing the species aspergillus niger, aspergillus carbonarius, and aspergillus japonicus in synthetic and natural grape juices was found to be a two-stage phenomenon. several lines of evidence suggest that the first observed stage was passive, metabolism was not required, and ota adsorption on conidia of black aspergilli could be involved. this removal was fast, without delay just ... | 2005 | 16218668 |
| pcr method for the detection of potential ochratoxin-producing aspergillus species in coffee beans. | ochratoxin a (oa) is a nephrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin that has been found in cereal and food commodities. currently, aspergillus carbonarius, a. niger and a. ochraceus have been recognized as the species responsible for oa in coffee beans. with the aim of developing multiplex-pcr for detection of these species in coffee bean samples, we first developed specific primers for a. niger detection. the primer designed (opx7(372)) provided an amplicon of 372 pb in all a. niger stricto sensu iso ... | 2006 | 16376057 |
| ochratoxin a production and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of aspergillus carbonarius, aspergillus tubingensis, and aspergillus niger strains isolated from grapes in italy. | ochratoxin a is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen that can contaminate various agricultural products, including grapes and wine. the capabilities of species other than aspergillus carbonarius within aspergillus section nigri to produce ochratoxin a from grapes are uncertain, since strain identification is based primarily on morphological traits. we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) and genomic dna sequences (rrna, calmodulin, and beta-tubulin genes) to ident ... | 2006 | 16391107 |
| fungi and ochratoxin a detected in healthy grapes for wine production. | the mycoflora of healthy grapes (i.e. without visible symptoms of rot) for wine production in portuguese wine-making regions was assessed and its potential for ochratoxin a (ota) production evaluated. the ota content of grapes was also determined. | 2006 | 16411918 |
| isolation of epiphytic yeasts with potential for biocontrol of aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger on grape. | antagonistic yeasts were isolated from the epiphytic flora associated with grape berries cv. negroamaro and identified at species level using molecular methods. a total of 144 yeast isolates were tested in a preliminary screening on agar to select isolates showing a killer activity against aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger, the main species responsible for the accumulation of ochratoxin a in grape. twenty-eight yeast isolates were selected for their inhibitory effects on the above fungal spec ... | 2006 | 16443300 |
| biodegradation of ochratoxin a by aspergillus section nigri species isolated from french grapes: a potential means of ochratoxin a decontamination in grape juices and musts. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a very dangerous mycotoxin, the presence of which is often reported in different foods, as well as in beverages such as grapes, grape juices and wines. detoxifying these products is therefore of prime importance in protecting consumer health, and biological approaches have been the most promising methods. in this report, 40 isolates representing the black apergilli species aspergillus carbonarius, a. niger aggregate and a. japonicus, isolated on french grapes, were assessed ... | 2006 | 16448496 |
| effects of water activity and temperature on the survival of aspergillus carbonarius spores in vitro. | to determine the effect of water activity (a(w)) and temperature on the survival of aspergillus carbonarius spores. | 2006 | 16599983 |
| efficient genetic transformation system for the ochratoxigenic fungus aspergillus carbonarius. | aspergillus carbonarius is a potent ochratoxin a producer that has been found in products such as grapes, coffee, spices, and cocoa. ochratoxin a has nephrotoxic effect, and it has been classified as a possible carcinogenic substance for humans. here we describe for the first time a transformation system for a. carbonarius, providing an important step towards its genetic manipulation. conidia were transformed to acquire hygromycin b resistance using the agl-1 strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens. ... | 2006 | 16619113 |
| aflp characterization of southern europe population of aspergillus section nigri from grapes. | members of aspergillus belonging to section nigri are distributed worldwide and are mainly responsible for the ochratoxin a accumulation in grapes and wine, particularly in southern europe. limited information is available on the species composition and genetic variability of black aspergilli strains occurring on grapes. we analyzed 283 representative strains from the main wine producing european countries collected in 2001-2002 (italy, france, spain, portugal, greece and israel) using amplified ... | 2006 | 16682091 |
| mycobiota and ochratoxin a producing fungi from spanish wine grapes. | grapes from three different regions with a long winemaking tradition in spain were analysed at different growth stages in order to identify the ochratoxigenic mycobiota during three consecutive seasons. the correlation between meteorological parameters and ochratoxigenic fungi was studied and revealed a significant positive correlation between black aspergilli infection and temperatures in the month preceding each sampling date. no significant correlation was found with either relative humidity ... | 2006 | 16687184 |
| development of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of aspergillus carbonarius in grapes. | aspergillus carbonarius is the main species responsible for the production of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes. to monitor and quantify a. carbonarious in grapes, a quantitative real-time pcr assay was developed as a possible tool for predicting the potential ochratoxigenic risk. dna extraction from grape berries was performed by using conventional extraction and clean up through ezna hi-bond spin columns. a taqman probe was used to quantify a. carbonarius genomic dna in grape berries samples. ... | 2006 | 16697479 |
| black aspergilli and ochratoxin a production in french vineyards. | a survey on the occurrence on grape of black aspergillus species and their capability to produce ochratoxin a (ota) was conducted in france over three years (2001-2003) in 10 vineyards from four winemaking regions with different geographical locations and climatic conditions. during 2001 and 2002, from setting to harvest, the total numbers of fungal isolates were respectively 721 and 711 increasing in 2003 to reach 1035. the aspergillus genus was essentially represented by section nigri (99%) an ... | 2006 | 16698102 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a producing fungi in wine and table grapes in israel. | a 3-year survey was conducted to assay the number of aspergillus section nigri isolates and in vitro ochratoxin a (ota) production capacity in 10 vineyards in israel. the survey included field sampling of two wine cultivars, 'sauvignon blanc' and 'cabernet sauvignon' as well as the table grape cultivar 'superior'. a total of 2114 isolates were analyzed and of those 161 isolates were shown to produce ota. the major finding was that aspergillus carbonarius (336 tested strains) is the most consiste ... | 2006 | 16698103 |
| survival and growth of aspergillus carbonarius on wine grapes before harvest. | aspergillus carbonarius, the primary ota-producing species in australia, was inoculated onto the surface of chardonnay and shiraz bunches at pre-bunch closure, veraison and pre-harvest during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 seasons. mean a. carbonarius counts decreased between pre-bunch closure and veraison, and increased between veraison and pre-harvest. increases in a. carbonarius counts from veraison onwards were most marked in chardonnay bunches during 2003-04; such bunches comprised more berries an ... | 2006 | 16707180 |
| ochratoxin a occurrence and formation in portuguese wine grapes at various stages of maturation. | a total of 93 portuguese grape samples destined for wine production were examined for the presence of ochratoxin a (ota) and the ota producing fungi aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger aggregate. samples came from 11 vineyards from four winemaking regions in the north and south of the portuguese mainland, during the harvest seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. grapes were examined at 3 maturation stages, from setting to the harvesting period, to evaluate when contamination with ota producing fungi a ... | 2006 | 16707182 |
| black aspergilli and ochratoxin a in grapes in italy. | the objective of this research was to investigate the presence of black aspergilli in grapes grown in italy and to study the effect of environmental and cultural factors able to influence fungal incidence and ochratoxin a (ota) presence. in this 3-year study, black aspergilli were frequently associated with grape berries; they were present in bunches starting from setting, colonising most berries at early veraison. aspergillus carbonarius was never dominant at the different growth stages, or in ... | 2006 | 16713645 |
| australian research on ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin a. | the presence of the mycotoxin, ochratoxin a (ota), has been reported in australian grape products. comprehensive surveys of australian wines have determined that the frequency and level of ota contamination are low. aspergillus carbonarius is the primary ota-producing species associated with grapes in australia, and all isolates tested to date produce ota. aspergillus niger is isolated more frequently from vineyards, however, few strains produce ota. a. carbonarius and a. niger exist as saprophy ... | 2006 | 16713646 |
| amplification and diversity analysis of ketosynthase domains of putative polyketide synthase genes in aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus carbonarius producers of ochratoxin a. | the diversity of polyketide synthase (pks) genes in aspergillus ochraceus nrrl 3174 and aspergillus carbonarius 2mu134 has been investigated using different primer pairs previously developed for the ketosynthase (ks) domain of fungal pkss. nine different ks domain sequences in a. ochraceus nrrl 3174 as well as five different ks domain sequences in a. carbonarius 2mu134 have been identified. the identified ks fragments were distributed in five different clusters on the phylogenetic tree, indicati ... | 2006 | 16715542 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a in wine and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in grapes and dried vine fruits in south america. | grape and wine production in south america represents about 6.6% and 10% respectively of the world grape and wine production. the available information on the ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ochratoxin a (ota) presence in wine grapes, wines, grape juices and dried vine fruits is limited. surveys have been carried out in argentina and brazil which showed that aspergillus niger aggregate are predominant in the argentinean varieties while from the brazilian varieties the species a. niger, aspergillus ... | 2006 | 16716424 |
| effect of temperature and water activity on growth and ochratoxin a production by australian aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger isolates on a simulated grape juice medium. | the effect of water activity (0.92, 0.95, 0.965 and 0.98) and temperature (15 degrees c, 25 degrees c, 30 degrees c and 35 degrees c) on growth rate and ochratoxin a (oa) production by five strains of aspergillus carbonarius and two strains of a. niger isolated from australian vineyards was characterised on a synthetic grape juice medium. maximum growth for a. carbonarius occurred at ca 0.965 aw and 30 degrees c, and for a. niger, at ca 0.98 aw and 35 degrees c. the optimum temperature for oa pr ... | 2006 | 16824635 |
| an its-rflp method to identify black aspergillus isolates responsible for ota contamination in grapes and wine. | ochratoxigenic mycobiota in grapes from representative wine regions in valencia was identified. black aspergilli were predominant among the different aspergillus spp. isolated. restriction digestion analysis of the its products was tested as a rapid method to identify isolates of black aspergillus species from grapes. restriction endonuclease digestion of the its products using the endonucleases hhai, nlaiii and rsai, distinguished five types of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) co ... | 2007 | 16870292 |
| fate of ochratoxin a during vinification of semillon and shiraz grapes. | semillon and shiraz grapes containing ochratoxin a (oa) were obtained by inoculation of bunches on the vine with aspergillus carbonarius. citric acid content was greater in the inoculated grapes than in healthy grapes. samples were collected throughout vinification of these grapes and the oa content was quantified using a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method. the mass of processed and waste streams during vinification was also noted. reduction in the am ... | 2006 | 16910745 |
| effect of photoperiod and day-night temperatures simulating field conditions on growth and ochratoxin a production of aspergillus carbonarius strains isolated from grapes. | the effect of light and temperature regimes simulating day and night in the field in the months preceding grape harvest on aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production were investigated. twelve-hour photoperiod affected positively a. carbonarius growth with no differences between incubating the mould at day temperature (28 degrees c) or alternating day/night temperatures (28 degrees c/20 degrees c). slower growth, however, was observed with constant incubation at 20 degrees c ... | 2006 | 16943060 |
| study of the effect of water activity and temperature on ochratoxin a production by aspergillus carbonarius. | the effect of water activity (aw) (0.78-0.99) and temperature (15 and 30 degrees c) on growth and production of ochratoxin a (ota) of six aspergillus carbonarius strains was studied in two culture media: czapek yeast autolysate (cya) agar and yeast extract sucrose (yes) agar, during a period of 30 days. the strains were selected to include different sources and different reported abilities to produce ota and were characterized by rapd and its-5.8s rdna sequencing. cya showed to be better culture ... | 2006 | 16943062 |
| kinetics and spatial distribution of ota in aspergillus carbonarius cultures. | the aim of this study was to characterize ochratoxin a (ota) production by aspergillus carbonarius under different environmental conditions, and to elucidate the diffusion capacity of ota throughout synthetic medium. one strain belonging to the species a. carbonarius isolated from vine dried fruit was single-point inoculated onto triplicate synthetic nutrient medium plates at two water activities (0.92 and 0.97) and two temperatures (20 and 30 degrees c). daily radii were measured and ota produc ... | 2006 | 16943078 |
| mycotoxins in australia: biocontrol of aflatoxin in peanuts. | the major mycotoxin problem in australia is the formation of aflatoxins in peanuts by aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus. this is controlled by good farm management practice, segregation into grades on aflatoxin content at intake to shelling facilities, colour sorting and aflatoxin assays. a second problem is the potential presence of ochratoxin a in grapes and grape products, resulting from infection by aspergillus carbonarius. good quality control before and during wine making ensures ochra ... | 2006 | 16944290 |
| impact of fungicides on aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a production on synthetic grape-like medium and on grapes. | a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the application of several fungicide treatments used in spanish vines on aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a production. three trials were designed in order: (1) to screen 26 fungicides at the doses recommended by manufacturers on grape-like synthetic medium at 20 and 30 degrees c; (2) to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration of each fungicide for a. carbonarius growth on synthetic medium; and (3) to investigate the effect of s ... | 2006 | 16982524 |
| studies on the interaction between grape-associated filamentous fungi on a synthetic medium. | eleven fungi isolated from grapes and sun-dried grapes (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, penicillium janthinellum, p. decumbens, trichoderma harzianum, candida sp., aspergillus carbonarius ota-negative, a. carbonarius ota-positive, a. niger var. niger. and a. japonicus var. aculeatus), were grown in snm medium at different water activities (0.82-0.97) and temperature (20-40 degrees c) levels for 18 days. pairs of one aspergillus faced with one non-aspergillus we ... | 2007 | 16996158 |
| occurrence of pathogenic fungal species in tunisian vineyards. | mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi detected in food, such are grapes. ota was evaluated in ten handle musts from different tunisian vineyard. this mycotoxin was found at levels 1.1 mug/l to 4.3 mug/l. a survey was conducted to assess the contamination of the tunisian vineyard with pathogenic fungal species, in particular those responsible of the ota production. the results were evaluated for the first time in parcels cultivated in the north, in the centre and in t ... | 2007 | 17014922 |
| safety evaluation of pigment containing aspergillus carbonarius biomass in albino rats. | aspergillus carbonarius, an ascomycetes fungus, is known to produce pectinase in solid-state fermentation. a mutant strain of a. carbonarius uv-10046 selected for temperature tolerance over produced polygalacturonase and during growth accumulated an yellow pigment in its biomass. since the colored fungus suggested its application for food use, the freeze-dried biomass was evaluated to assess its safety in experimental animals. acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted on both sexes of ... | 2007 | 17084008 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a- and aflatoxin b1-producing fungi in lebanese grapes and ochratoxin a content in musts and finished wines during 2004. | this paper reports the results of an extensive survey on the occurrence of filamentous fungi isolated from wine-grapes in lebanon and to test their ability to produce ochratoxin a (ota) and aflatoxin b1 (afb1) on cya culture medium, in order to assess their potential for producing these mycotoxins on grapes. from the 470 grapes samples taken during season 2004, 550 fungi strains were isolated with 490 belonging to aspergillus spp. and 60 belonging to penicillium spp. all these isolated fungi sta ... | 2006 | 17090150 |
| effect of water activity and temperature on growth of ochratoxigenic strains of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from argentinean dried vine fruits. | aspergillus carbonarius is an ochratoxin a (ota) producing fungus, predominantly responsible for the production of this mycotoxin in grapes, wine and dried vine fruits. the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of water activity (a(w), 0.80-0.95) and temperature (15-35 degrees c) on lag phase extension and radial growth rate of a cocktail inoculum of four strains of a. carbonarius. the maximum growth rate was observed at 0.95 a(w) and 30 degrees c (17.46 mm day(-1)). in g ... | 2007 | 17161486 |
| aspergillus species producing ochratoxin a: isolation from vineyard soils and infection of semillon bunches in australia. | the incidence of toxigenicity among australian isolates of aspergillus niger and aspergillus carbonarius was assessed. aspergillus rot and concomitant production of ochratoxin a (oa) in bunches inoculated with a. carbonarius were also investigated. | 2007 | 17184327 |
| mould germination: data treatment and modelling. | the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ... | 2007 | 17188772 |
| occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin a in grapes from a tunisian vineyard. | the occurrence of ochratoxin a (ota) and the identification of the ochratoxigenic microbiota in tunisian grapes were studied for the first time. black aspergilli were the dominant genus among the filamentous fungi isolated from grapes and were the only potential ota-producing fungi found. the most abundant species were member of aspergillus niger aggregate (63%) and aspergillus carbonarius (36%). uniseriate aspergilli were rarely present (1%). of the a. carbonarius isolates, 97% were ota positiv ... | 2007 | 17196282 |
| effect of chemical treatments on ochratoxigenic fungi and common mycobiota of grapes (vitis vinifera). | the effect of the application of two fungicides (cyprodinil alone and a mixture of cyprodinil and fludioxonil) on the mycoflora of grapes, especially ochratoxigenic fungi, was studied. different doses and application times were analyzed. grape mycobiota was isolated and identified, and the classification of black aspergilli was carried out. we found that 81.7% of the isolates belonged to aspergillus niger aggregate and 18.3% to aspergillus carbonarius. the ability to produce ochratoxin a (ota) w ... | 2007 | 17265875 |
| targeting a polyketide synthase gene for aspergillus carbonarius quantification and ochratoxin a assessment in grapes using real-time pcr. | aspergillus carbonarius is an ochratoxin producing fungus that has been considered to be responsible of the ochratoxin a (ota) contamination in grapes and wine. in order to monitor and quantify a. carbonarius, a specific primer pair ac12rl_otaf/ac12rl_otar has been designed from the acyltransferase (at) domain of the polyketide synthase sequence ac12rl3 to amplify 141 bp pcr product. among the mycotoxigenic fungi tested, only a. carbonarius gave a positive result. this specific primer pair was a ... | 2007 | 17291614 |
| 9-lipoxygenase metabolism is involved in the almond/aspergillus carbonarius interaction. | phyto-oxylipins are a group of biologically active molecules that play an important role in plant defence. their production begins with the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases (lox) to form 9- or 13-hydroperoxides that are substrates for several enzymes involved in the synthesis of final oxylipins, which can act as signal molecules and/or direct antimicrobials. in the present work, the response of the 9-lox pathway in the almond/aspergillus carbonarius (producer of ochrat ... | 2007 | 17404379 |
| carbonarones a and b, new bioactive gamma-pyrone and alpha-pyridone derivatives from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus carbonarius. | two new secondary metabolites, carbonarones a (1) and b (2), were obtained from the culture of the marine-derived fungus aspergillus carbonarius isolated from the marine sediment collected at weizhou island of china. based on esims, 1d and 2d nmr data, and the x-ray crystallographic analysis, their structures were elucidated as 6-benzyl-4-oxo-4h-pyran-3-carboxamide and 6-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydropyridine-3-carbaldehyde, respectively. 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxicity against k562 ce ... | 2007 | 17420566 |
| effect of preharvest fungicides and interacting fungi on aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a synthesis in dehydrating grapes. | to evaluate the effect of preharvest grape pesticides in aspergillus section nigri infection in dehydrating grapes and the final ochratoxin a (ota) content. additionally, the effect of coinoculation of moulds frequently isolated from grapes and raisins on aspergillus section nigri infection was studied. | 2007 | 17651218 |
| effect of germicidal uvc light on fungi isolated from grapes and raisins. | to examine how uvc affects the different genera of fungi commonly isolated from grapes, with the aim of understanding changes in mycobiota during grape ripening and possible applications for preventing grape decay during storage. | 2007 | 17718833 |
| ochratoxin a-producing aspergilli in vietnamese green coffee beans. | to determine the incidence and severity of infection by ochratoxin a (oa)-producing fungi in vietnamese green coffee beans. | 2007 | 17718843 |
| fungi and mycotoxins in vineyards and grape products. | many fungi may occur on grapes during growth in the vineyard, but the main concern from the viewpoint of mycotoxin contamination is the black aspergilli, aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger. these fungi are capable of producing ochratoxin a (oa) which may contaminate grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. understanding the ecology and physiology of the black aspergilli can provide tools for management of oa at all stages of grape production and processing. in ... | 2007 | 17765989 |
| effect of carbendazim and physicochemical factors on the growth and ochratoxin a production of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes. | carbendazim is a systemic fungicide that is commonly used on several crops (tobacco, fruit, vegetables, cereals, etc.). this fungicide is used to control fungal infections in vineyards. it is indicated against botrytis cinerea, uncinula necator, plasmopara viticola and other fungi and can be used either alone or coupled with other fungicides. however, there is a lack of in-depth studies to evaluate its effectiveness against growth of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes and ota productio ... | 2007 | 17765991 |
| effect of selected natural dyes in reduction on colour changes of egyptian linen textiles by fungi. | linen is the most historical egyptian textile fibre liable to fungal deterioration. fungal deterioration of dyed linen textiles may appear as undesirable different stains. in order to success in removing of fungal stains from biodeteriorated historical egyptian dyed linen textiles, it is necessary to understand the nature and causes of these stains, hence their subsequent removal. so this paper aims to investigate the effect of fungi on dyed linen textiles. in this study linen textile samples we ... | 2007 | 17867537 |
| detection of aspergillus carbonarius and other black aspergilli from grapes by dna olisa microarray. | black aspergilli, and particularly aspergillus carbonarius, are responsible for ochratoxin a production in grapes. correct identification of these species is essential for toxicological risk assessment in grape and wine. a low-complexity oligonucleotide microarray (olisa, apibio, f) based on dna oligonucleotides probes, obtained from sequences of the calmodulin gene, was set up in order to detect a. carbonarius, a. japonicus/a. aculeatus and a. ibericus isolated from grape. the designed microarr ... | 2007 | 17886186 |
| partitioning of ochratoxin a in mycelium and conidia of aspergillus carbonarius and the impact on toxin contamination of grapes and wine. | aspergillus carbonarius is an important ochratoxin a (ota)-producing fungus which is responsible for toxin contamination of grapes and wine. the objectives of this study were to examine the partitioning of ota in mycelium and conidia of a range of a. carbonarius strains on artificial grape juice and defined media, to determine the excretion patterns of ota from these spores, and the effect of organic acids used in wine production on ota excretion from conidia. | 2007 | 17897199 |
| [influence of the interaction of temperature and water activity on the production of ochratoxin a and the growth of aspergillus niger, aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus ochraceus on coffee-based culture medium]. | in the present study, the effect of temperature and water activity on fungal growth and ochratoxin production on coffee-based medium was assessed. optimal growth of three aspergillus strains was observed in the same ecological conditions, namely 30 degrees c and 0.99 water activity. maximal daily growth is 11.2, 6.92, and 7.22 mm/day for aspergillus niger, aspergillus carbonarius, and aspergillus ochraceus, respectively. however, ecological conditions for optimal ochratoxin production vary accor ... | 2007 | 17898840 |
| occurrence of naphtho-gamma-pyrones- and ochratoxin a-producing fungi in french grapes and characterization of new naphtho-gamma-pyrone polyketide (aurasperone g) isolated from aspergillus niger c-433. | a survey on the occurrence on grape of fungi species in 2001 and their capability to produce ochratoxin a (ota) and naphtho-gamma-pyrones (ngps) was conducted in different vineyards from several french viticulture regions. the total numbers of fungal isolates, from setting to harvest, were 732. the aspergillus genus was essentially represented by section nigri (98.53%) and it was predominant (74.72%) when compared to penicillium (25.27%). approximately one third (30.46%) of the fungal isolates w ... | 2007 | 17907778 |
| efficacy of natamycin for control of growth and ochratoxin a production by aspergillus carbonarius strains under different environmental conditions. | to examine the efficacy of natamycin produced by streptomyces natalensis against strains of aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production under different environmental factors on a grape juice-based medium. | 2007 | 18045406 |
| modelling the effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of two ochratoxigenic strains of aspergillus carbonarius from greek wine grapes. | to develop descriptive models for the combined effect of temperature (10-40 degrees c) and water activity (0.850-0.980) on the growth of two ochratoxin a producing strains of aspergillus carbonarius from greek wine grapes on a synthetic grape juice medium. | 2007 | 18045410 |
| filamentous fungi producing ochratoxin a during cocoa processing in cameroon. | ochratoxin a (ota) is the main mycotoxin occurring in cocoa. a study was conducted in cameroon to assess how filamentous fungi and toxigenesis were affected by the type of cocoa post-harvest treatment (boxes or heaps). the filamentous fungi isolated were almost identical when fermentation was carried out in boxes or heaps, with the presence of abundant black aspergillus filamentous fungi: a. niger and a. carbonarius. filamentous fungi were more abundant at the end of the harvesting season. facto ... | 2008 | 18068845 |
| impact of water activity and temperature on growth and ochratoxin a production of two aspergillus carbonarius isolates from wine grapes in greece. | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of water activity (a(w); 0.85 to 0.98) and temperature (10 to 40 degrees c) on the radial growth rate and ochratoxin a (oa) production of two aspergillus carbonarius isolates in vitro. the isolates were obtained from wine grapes cultivated in greece, and the trial was conducted with a synthetic grape juice medium similar in composition to grapes between veraison (beginning of color change) and ripeness. fungal growth and oa production data were ... | 2007 | 18095449 |
| real-time pcr based procedures for detection and quantification of aspergillus carbonarius in wine grapes. | aspergillus carbonarius is the main species responsible for ochratoxin a accumulation in wine grapes and consequently, its rapid and sensitive detection is increasingly investigated. a new real-time pcr (rti-pcr) based procedure was developed for the rapid and specific detection and quantification of a. carbonarius in wine grapes. the procedure includes the use of the pulsifier equipment to remove conidia from grapes which prevents releasing of pcr inhibitors, and dna extraction with the ezna fu ... | 2008 | 18160163 |
| isolation, structure elucidation, and antimycobacterial properties of dimeric naphtho-gamma-pyrones from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus carbonarius. | two new dimeric naphtho-gamma-pyrones, compounds 1 and 2, were isolated from the acoet extract of the fungal strain wz-4-11 of aspergillus carbonarius, together with eight known analogues, including 10,10'-bifonsecin b (3), 6'-o-demethylnigerone (4), nigerone (5), isonigerone (6), fonsecin (7), rubrofusarin b (8), tmc 256a1 (9), and flavasperone (10). their structures were elucidated by means of uv, cd, ir, and 1d- and 2d-nmr spectroscopy, in combination with hr-ms analysis. the fully assigned ( ... | 2008 | 18205129 |
| inhibition of species of the aspergillus section nigri and ochratoxin a production in grapes by fusapyrone. | fusapyrone (fp), an antifungal natural compound, was tested against the three main ochratoxigenic species of the aspergillus section nigri. the mics at 24 h were 6.0, 11.6, and 9.9 mug/ml for aspergillus carbonarius, aspergillus tubingensis, and aspergillus niger, respectively. strong inhibition of growth and morphological changes were still observed at half the mic after 7 days. the application of a 100 mug/ml fp solution in a laboratory assay on artificially inoculated grapes resulted in a sig ... | 2008 | 18263739 |
| managing ochratoxin a risk in the grape-wine food chain. | the main source of ochratoxin a (ota) in the wine food chain is the infection of grapes by "black aspergilli" in the field. ota-producing black aspergilli include principally aspergillus carbonarius, followed by a. niger and possibly a. tubingensis. they are opportunistic fungi that develop particularly on damaged berries at ripening, although they may occur and form ota on grapes from veraison to harvest. climatic conditions (high humidity and temperature) and geographical location are importan ... | 2008 | 18286409 |
| effect of lime-induced leaf chlorosis on ochratoxin a, trans-resveratrol, and epsilon-viniferin production in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) berries infected by aspergillus carbonarius. | berries of vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot, grown on a neutral or calcareous soil, were infected, at phenological phases of veraison and ripening, by a conidial suspension of aspergillus carbonarius to control ochratoxin a production and trans-resveratrol- and epsilon-viniferin-induced synthesis as affected by the soil lime content. chlorosis occurrence was evaluated by a visual rating scale at veraison, and the leaves from vines growing on the calcareous soil showed the typical yellowing, whereas ... | 2008 | 18290620 |
| mycelial growth and ochratoxin a production by aspergillus section nigri on simulated grape medium in modified atmospheres. | to evaluate the impact of modified atmosphere packaging on in vitro growth of aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus niger, and possible effects on ochratoxin a (ota) biosynthesis. | 2008 | 18298526 |
| improving specific activity of aspergillus carbonarius polygalacturonase using polymeric membranes. | microfiltration (mf) and ultrafiltration (uf) membranes were screened for improving the specific activity of polygalacturonases (pg) in the culture broth of aspergillus carbonarius obtained after submerged fermentation. while 200 and 450 nm mf membranes eliminated some of the larger non-enzymatic proteins, 50 kda uf membrane exhibited a marginal selectivity between the enzyme and other smaller proteins. the 450 nm mf and 50 kda uf membranes selected were further evaluated under different process ... | 2008 | 18357418 |