| characterization of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus genomic rna and sequence comparison with related viruses. | the genome of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) is a positive-sense ssrna molecule of 4082 nucleotides as revealed by sequencing the entire genome. the 5'-untranslated region of the genome is 69 nucleotides and the 3'-untranslated region is 225 nucleotides in length. the coding region contains four open reading frames (orfs). the organization of cfmv orfs differs significantly from that of the previously sequenced sobemoviruses southern bean mosaic virus and rice yellow mottle virus. orf1 encodes a ... | 1995 | 7595389 |
| replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna of lucerne transient streak virus are supported in divergent hosts by cocksfoot mottle virus and turnip rosette virus. | cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus supports replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna (sat-rna) of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv) in two monocotyledonous species, triticum aestivum and dactylis glomerata. additionally, ltsv sat-rna replicates effectively in the presence of turnip rosette sobemovirus in brassica rapa, raphanus raphanistrum and sinapsis arvensis, but not in thlaspi arvense or nicotiana bigelovii, indicating that host species markedly influence this interactio ... | 1993 | 7682254 |
| the putative replicase of the cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus is translated as a part of the polyprotein by -1 ribosomal frameshift. | the polyprotein of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus (cfmv) is encoded by two overlapping open reading frames (orf). the orf 2a codes for the putative vpg and serine protease and the orf 2b codes for the putative replicase. the consensus signals for a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event are found at the very beginning of the overlapping region of these orfs. the shifty heptanucleotide in cfmv is uuuaaac, and the secondary structure after the shifty sequence is predicted to be a stem-loop. in vitro trans ... | 1995 | 7886961 |
| identification of genes encoding for the cocksfoot mottle virus proteins. | cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus (cfmv) has a monopartite single-stranded positive-sense rna genome. in wheat germ extract, in vitro translation of cfmv virion rna resulted in the production of four major proteins of 100, 71, 34 and 12 kda. in this paper we show the individual genes from which these polypeptides are synthesised. polyclonal antisera against the proteins encoded by all open reading frames (orfs) of cfmv were produced. antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate the in vitro translation ... | 1999 | 10486110 |
| rna-binding activities of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus proteins. | cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) has a positive-sense ssrna genome containing four open reading frames (orfs). orf1 encoded protein (p1) is the putative movement protein; the product of orf2a (p2a) contains vpg and the motifs characteristic of serine proteases. p2b, encoded by orf2b, is the putative rna-dependent rna polymerase. p3, the coat protein, is encoded by orf3. cfmv p1, p2a, p2b, and p3, containing a six histidine tag at the amino terminus, were expressed in escherichia coli, purified and ... | 2000 | 10725552 |
| regulation of -1 ribosomal frameshifting directed by cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus genome. | the polyprotein of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) is encoded by two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the putative replicase of cfmv is produced as a part of the polyprotein from orf2b by the -1 ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. the signals leading to -1 ribosomal frameshifting directed by cfmv rna are the slippery heptamer uuuaaac and a stem-loop structure starting seven nucleotides downstream from the heptamer. we studied the effect of different parts of the cfmv genome on the -1 ribosom ... | 2000 | 10848968 |
| characterization of vpg and the polyprotein processing of cocksfoot mottle virus (genus sobemovirus). | the polyprotein of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv; genus sobemovirus:) is translated from two overlapping open reading frames (orfs) 2a and 2b by a -1 ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. in this study, a 12 kda protein was purified from viral rna-derived samples that appears to correspond to the cfmv genome-linked protein (vpg). according to the determined n-terminal amino acid sequence, the vpg domain is located between the serine proteinase and replicase motifs and the n terminus of vpg is cleave ... | 2000 | 11038392 |
| the three-dimensional structure of cocksfoot mottle virus at 2.7 a resolution. | cocksfoot mottle virus is a plant virus that belongs to the genus sobemovirus. the structure of the virus has been determined at 2.7 a resolution. the icosahedral capsid has t = 3 quasisymmetry and 180 copies of the coat protein. except for a couple of stacked bases, the viral rna is not visible in the electron density map. the coat protein has a jelly-roll beta-sandwich fold and its conformation is very similar to that of other sobemoviruses and tobacco necrosis virus. the n-terminal arm of one ... | 2003 | 12781716 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of subterranean clover mottle virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of subterranean clover mottle virus (scmov) genomic rna has been determined. the scmov genome is 4,258 nucleotides in length. it shares most nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with the genome of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv). scmov rna encodes four overlapping open reading frames and has a genome organisation similar to that of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv). orf1 and orf4 are predicted to encode single proteins. orf2 is predicted to encode two pr ... | 2003 | 14579180 |
| factors affecting translation at the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting site of cocksfoot mottle virus rna in vivo. | the ratio between proteins p27 and replicase of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) is regulated via a -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (-1 prf). a minimal frameshift signal with a slippery u uua aac heptamer and a downstream stem-loop structure was inserted into a dual reporter vector and directed -1 prf with an efficiency of 14.4 +/- 1.9% in yeast and 2.4 +/- 0.7% in bacteria. p27-encoding cfmv sequence flanking the minimal frameshift signal caused approximately 2-fold increase in the -1 prf effic ... | 2005 | 15843686 |
| p1 protein of cocksfoot mottle virus is indispensable for the systemic spread of the virus. | cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus (cfmv) encodes a non-conserved protein p1 from the 5' orf1 of genomic rna. the functions of cfmv p1 are unknown. in the current study we show that p1-deficient cfmv can replicate both in oat leaves and barley suspension culture cells but can not infect oat plants systemically. however, the absence of p1 reduces the efficiency of virus accumulation considerably. the infectivity of the mutant virus restores as a result of the spontaneous transversion. cfmv p1:egfp show ... | 2006 | 16732485 |
| cocksfoot mottle virus p1 suppresses rna silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and nicotiana tabacum. | the sobemovirus genome consists of positive sense, single-stranded polycistronic rna. the 5'-terminal orf, encoding the protein p1, is its most variable region. sobemoviral p1 has been described as dispensable for replication but indispensable for systemic infection. the p1 of rice yellow mottle virus-nigerian isolate (rymv-n) is the only rna silencing suppressor reported for sobemoviruses until now. using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay, we demonstrate here that p1 of cocksfoot mottle ... | 2007 | 16971015 |
| an attempt to identify recombinants between two sobemoviruses in doubly infected oat plants. | recombination in rna viruses is considered to play a major role as a driving force in virus variability to counterbalance loss in fitness that can be due to the accumulation of detrimental mutations. studies on mixed infections are pertinent for understanding the role of recombination in virus evolution. they also provide important baseline information for studying the biosafety of plants expressing viral sequences. to investigate the possibility of rna recombination occurrence between two sobem ... | 2006 | 16978574 |
| sobemoviruses possess a common cfmv-like genomic organization. | based on structural differences in the orf2 region, the sobemoviruses have been subdivided into southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv)-like and cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv)-like types of genome organization. however, nearly identical amino acid sequences are encoded by these subgroups in different reading frames of orf2, suggesting that insertion or deletion of appropriate nucleotides could restore similar genomic organizations for these viruses. we resequenced the regions of inconsistency for is ... | 2007 | 17115301 |
| the ryegrass mottle virus genome codes for a sobemovirus 3c-like serine protease and rna-dependent rna polymerase translated via -1 ribosomal frameshifting. | in the course of sobemovirus gene cloning the complete genome of ryegrass mottle virus (rgmov) was sequenced. sequence analysis revealed differences including missing and extraneous nucleotides in comparison to the previously published sequence (zhang, toriyama, takanashi, j. gen. plant pathol. 67, 63 (2001)). a gene coding for a typical sobemovirus 3c-like serine protease was identified in orf2a after multiple sequence alignment analysis. the newly identified 57-amino-acid stretch in orf2a show ... | 2007 | 17356908 |
| phenotypes and functional effects caused by various viral rna silencing suppressors in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum. | rna silencing suppressor genes derived from six virus genera were transformed into nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum plants. these suppressors were p1 of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), p1 of cocksfoot mottle virus, p19 of tomato bushy stunt virus, p25 of potato virus x, hcpro of potato virus y (strain n), 2b of cucumber mosaic virus (strain kin), and ac2 of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). hcpro caused the most severe phenotypes in both nicotiana spp. ac2 also produced severe effects in ... | 2008 | 18184062 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a putative new sobemovirus infecting imperata cylindrica and maize in africa. | a new virus was isolated from both the grass imperata cylindrica and maize plants that had yellow mottle symptoms in burkina faso, west africa. the virus has isometric particles ca. 32 nm in diameter. the experimental host range was restricted to rottboellia exaltata. virions were isolated from leaves of systemically infected maize plants. koch's postulates were completed by mechanically inoculating uninfected imperata or maize with either purified virus or sap from infected imperata plants. vir ... | 2008 | 18777157 |
| stem-loop structure of cocksfoot mottle virus rna is indispensable for programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting. | the -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) mechanism utilized by many viruses is dependent on a heptanucleotide slippery sequence and a downstream secondary structure element. in the current study, the rna structure downstream from the slippery site of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus (cfmv) was proven to be a 12bp stem-loop with a single bulge and a tetranucleotide loop. several deletion and insertion mutants with altered stem-loop structures were tested in wheat germ extract (wge) for fram ... | 2009 | 19748532 |
| cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus coat protein contains two nuclear localization signals. | cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) coat protein (cp) localization was studied in plant and mammalian cells. fusion of the full-length cp with enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) localized to the cell nucleus whereas similar constructs lacking the first 33 n-terminal amino acids of cp localized to the cytoplasm. cp and egfp fusions containing mutations in the arginine-rich motif of cp localized to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus in plant cells indicating the involvement of the motif in nuclear ... | 2010 | 20155311 |
| protein-rna linkage and post-translational modifications of two sobemovirus vpgs. | sobemoviruses possess a viral genome-linked protein (vpg) attached to the 5' end of viral rna. vpg is processed from the viral polyprotein. in the current study, cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) and rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) vpgs were purified from virions and analysed by mass spectrometry. the cleavage sites in the polyprotein and thereof the termini of vpg were experimentally proven. the lengths of the mature vpgs were determined to be 78 and 79 aa residues, respectively. the amino acid res ... | 2010 | 21068217 |
| p1-independent replication and local movement of rice yellow mottle virus in host and non-host plant species. | sobemovirus p1 protein, characterized previously as a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing, is required for systemic virus spread and infection in plants. mutations in the orf1 initiation codon do not affect viral replication indicating p1 is not necessary for this process. wild type, recombinant and p1 deletion mutants of cocksfoot mottle virus and rice yellow mottle virus were used to infect oat, rice, wheat, barley, arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana plants. wild type ... | 2017 | 27960111 |
| cocksfoot mottle virus coat protein is dispensable for the systemic infection. | the sobemovirus genome consists of polycistronic single-stranded positive-sense rna. the first orf encodes p1, a suppressor of rna silencing required for virus movement. the coat protein (cp) is expressed from the 3' proximal orf3 via subgenomic rna. in addition to its structural role, the cp of some sobemoviruses has been reported to be required for systemic movement and to interact with p1. the aim of this study was to analyse the role of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) cp in the suppression of ... | 2014 | 24495467 |
| the crystallographic structure of panicum mosaic virus (pmv). | the structure of panicum mosaic virus (pmv) was determined by x-ray diffraction analysis to 2.9å resolution. the crystals were of pseudo symmetry f23; the true crystallographic unit cell was of space group p2(1) with a=411.7å, b=403.9å and c=412.5å, with β=89.7°. the asymmetric unit was two entire t=3 virus particles, or 360 protein subunits. the structure was solved by conventional molecular replacement from two distant homologues, cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) and tobacco necrosis virus (tnv), ... | 2013 | 23123270 |
| cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus establishes infection through the phloem. | cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) localization in oat plants was analyzed during three weeks post infection by immunohistochemical staining to follow its spread through different tissues. in early stages of infection, the virus was first detectable in phloem parenchyma and bundle sheath cells of inoculated leaves. bundle sheath and phloem parenchyma were also the cell types where the virus was first detected in stems and systemic leaves of infected plants. in later stages of infection, cfmv spread a ... | 2012 | 22425583 |