| [peracute mortality in common cranes (grus grus)]. | out of a nonbreeding group of cranes, 10 birds died peracutely at the end of april 1998. the pathological investigation showed changes in the intestine, liver and kidneys caused probably by an intoxication; but corresponding analyses did not result in a specified poison. the proof of e. coli, cl. perfringens and campylobacter jejuni is to be interpreted as a subordinate result. 7 of 8 cranes had a low to high infestation with endoparasites (porrocaeum spp., eimeria pusilla, echinostoma spp.). 5 ... | 2000 | 10994255 |
| analyzing disease risks associated with translocations. | translocations of species are expected to be used increasingly to counter the undesirable effects of anthropogenic changes to ecosystems, including loss of species. methods to assess the risk of disease associated with translocations have been compiled in a comprehensive manual of disease-risk analysis for movement of domestic animals. we used this manual to devise a qualitative method for assessing the probability of the occurrence of disease in wild animals associated with translocations. we a ... | 2012 | 22533691 |
| consistent avoidance of human disturbance over large geographical distances by a migratory bird. | recent work on animal personalities has demonstrated that individuals may show consistent behaviour across situations and contexts. these studies were often carried out in one location and/or during short time intervals. many animals, however, migrate and spend their life in several geographically distinct locations, and they may either adopt behaviours specific to the local environment or keep consistent behaviours over ecologically distinct locations. long-distance migratory species offer exce ... | 2011 | 21551222 |
| avian schistosomes in french aquatic birds: a molecular approach. | the prevalence of human cercarial dermatitis (hcd) caused by bird schistosomes appears to be increasing in france, in light of the impact of tourism combined with high densities of wild aquatic hosts in freshwater areas. the present work expands our knowledge of schistosome systematics by including samples of bird schistosomes collected from their natural hosts in france. heads (318) and viscera (81) of aquatic birds belonging to 16 species from five orders, collecting during the hunting seasons ... | 2009 | 19356266 |
| mortality factors and diseases in free-ranging eurasian cranes (grus grus) in germany. | detailed postmortem examinations were performed on 167 free-ranging eurasian cranes (grus grus) from germany, collected between september 1998 and december 2008 to evaluate causes of death and diseases. the most common causes of mortality were traumatic injuries (n=105, 62.9%) from collisions with power lines (n=39, 23.4%) and wire fences (n=12, 7.2%). a group of 28 eurasian cranes (16.8%) died from organophosphate intoxication. predation by white-tailed sea eagles (haliaeetus albicilla) and red ... | 2011 | 21719827 |
| [microsatellite data verify low genetic differentiation between western and eastern subspecies of the common crane grusgrus l. (gruidae, aves)]. | using a set of 10 microsatellite loci (gram-22, gram-30, gpa-12, gpa-38, gpa-39, gj-m15, gj-m34, gj-4066, gj-8077, gj-2298) a high level of genetic variability (n(a) = 10.2, h(o) = = 0.684, h(e) = 0.728) and low genetic differentiation (f(st) = 0.011) in the common crane (grus grus l.) was detected throughout its range. genetic diversity in disputed western (g. g. grus) and eastern (g. g. lilfordi) sub- species was shown to be similar. spatial distribution of multi-locus individual genotypes has ... | 2015 | 26065257 |
| ecological responses to extreme flooding events: a case study with a reintroduced bird. | in recent years numerous studies have documented the effects of a changing climate on the world's biodiversity. although extreme weather events are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity and are challenging to organisms, there are few quantitative observations on the survival, behaviour and energy expenditure of animals during such events. we provide the first data on activity and energy expenditure of birds, eurasian cranes grus grus, during the winter of 2013-14, which saw the most s ... | 2016 | 27345214 |
| coordination and synchronisation of anti-predation vigilance in two crane species. | much of the previous research on anti-predation vigilance in groups has assumed independent scanning for threats among group members. alternative patterns that are based on monitoring the vigilance levels of companions can also be adaptive. coordination of vigilance, in which foragers avoid scanning at the same time as others, should decrease the odds that no group member is alert. synchronisation of vigilance implies that individuals are more likely to be vigilant when companions are already vi ... | 2011 | 22028880 |
| testing the utility of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences for phylogenetic estimates of relationships between crane (grus) species. | morphology and biogeography are widely used in animal taxonomy. recent study has suggested that a dna-based identification system, using a 648-bp portion of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (co1), also known as the barcoding gene, can aid in the resolution of inferences concerning phylogenetic relationships and for identification of species. however, the effectiveness of dna barcoding for identifying crane species is unknown. we amplified and sequenced 894-bp dna fragments of ... | 2011 | 22194213 |
| respiratory responses to acute heat stress in cranes (gruidae): the effects of tracheal coiling. | some species of cranes have extensive coiling of their trachea that substantially increases their anatomical dead space. we subjected individuals of four species of cranes (anthropoides virgo, balearica regulorum, grus grus and grus japonensis) to acute heat stress to investigate the effectiveness of this trait as a thermoregulatory adaptation. we measured cloacal temperature, respiratory flow and frequency and arterial ph during normothermic breathing and thermal panting. extra tracheal length ... | 1985 | 4070839 |
| reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in multiple avian species. | quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) rapidly and reliably quantifies gene expression levels across different experimental conditions. selection of suitable reference genes is essential for meaningful normalization and thus correct interpretation of data. in recent years, an increasing number of avian species other than the chicken has been investigated molecularly, highlighting the need for an experimentally validated pan-avian primer set for reference genes. here we report testing a set for 14 can ... | 2014 | 24926893 |
| disseminated visceral coccidiosis in eurasian cranes (grus grus) in the uk. | clinical disease and mortalities due to disseminated visceral coccidiosis were identified for the first time in a group of captive juvenile eurasian cranes (grus grus) in the uk during 2008. presumptive diagnosis was made from the finding of granulomatous nodules in the liver, spleen and other organs at gross postmortem examination, and confirmed histologically by the presence of intracellular coccidial stages within lesions. the species of coccidian was determined to be eimeria reichenowi on th ... | 2011 | 21493556 |
| habitat use, preference, and utilization distribution of two crane species (genus: grus) in huize national nature reserve, yunnan-guizhou plateau, china. | understanding the habitat use and spatial distribution of wildlife can help conservationists determine high-priority areas and enhance conservation efforts. we studied the wintering habitat use, preference, and utilization distribution of two crane species, that is, the black-necked crane (grus nigricollis, przevalski, 1876) and common crane (grus grus, linnaeus, 1758), in huize national natural reserve, yunnan-guizhou plateau, southwestern china. line transects indicated that anthropogenic farm ... | 2018 | 30042879 |
| [potential habitat and priority protection area of cranes with climate change in the great xing'an mountains, china]. | to clarify the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of six crane species in the great xing'an mountains region, and promote the effective protection of these species, we selected key environmental variables such as climate, topography, and vegetation type based on pearson correlation and jackknife analysis, and modeled the potential distribution of six crane species in the great xing'an mountains using maxent with the current and the future climate change scenarios (rcp4.5 and ... | 2019 | 31418249 |
| circadian preferences of birdwatchers in poland: do "owls" prefer watching night birds, and "larks" prefer daytime ones? | birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day. the aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender. in an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 polish ornithologists (pro ... | 2020 | 32175191 |
| vigilance strategy differentiation between sympatric threatened and common crane species. | studies have indicated that threatened species may show reduced or elevated antipredator behavior compared with their close common relatives, but remarkably few studies revealed such differences in behavior among populations. exploring factors affecting behavior between phylogenetically related common and threatened species could help understand such discrepancy. we tested for effects of external and internal variables including month, time of day, habitat type, distribution area, group composit ... | 2020 | 32360312 |
| foraging site displacement in common crane flocks. | optimal foraging theory predicts that an individual should resort to intraspecific kleptoparasitism when this foraging strategy helps to maximize its intake rate. thus aggressor and victim should be foraging at lower and higher rates, respectively, than the flock average (intake rate maximization). independent of the maximization principle, moreover, an aggressor should attack when its intake rate falls below a threshold critical for survival, and select a victim foraging at an intake rate high ... | 1998 | 9819341 |
| [parasites of the common crane grus grus (l.) in europe]. | 28 species of parasites (8 coccidia, 6 trematodes, 1 cestode, 6 nematodes, 1 tick, 6 mallophages) were found at the common crane. after presenting the interconnection of parasites with different carriers as vectors, intermediate and several final hosts in the biocoenosis of common cranes, the results of parasitological examination of 421 samples of cranes resulted in varying parasitization at different seasons and flyways. further studies are needed to interprete these facts correctly. changes o ... | 2007 | 12058596 |
| tetrameres (tetrameres) grusi (shumakovich, 1946) (nematoda: tetrameridae) in eurasian cranes (grus grus) in central iran. | the proventriculi of 11 eurasian cranes (grus grus) from central iran were examined for the existence of parasitic helminths. preliminary reports suggested that the death of these birds was related to untimely cold weather. nine proventriculi (82%) were heavily infected by the nematode tetrameres grusi. glandular structure of the infected proventriculi was replaced by epithelial atrophy but significant inflammatory reactions were not observed in any of the infected organs. in serious infections, ... | 2006 | 16870864 |
| mortality of globally threatened sarus cranes grus antigon from monocrotophos poisoning in india. | globally threatened sarus cranes grus antigon are resident at keoladeo national park world heritage site and the surrounding area near bharatpur, western rajasthan, india. in winter, they are joined by c. 200 wintering common cranes grus grus. on 23 november 2000, 15 sarus cranes and three common cranes were found dead in a field adjacent to the park, where wheat seed had been sown the previous day. chemical analyses of seed samples from the field and the cranes' alimentary tract contents identi ... | 2004 | 15142765 |
| the impact of ornithogenic inputs on phosphorous transport from altered wetland soils to waterways in east mediterranean ecosystem. | large flocks of eurasian crane (grus grus, >35,000) have begun wintering in an altered wetland agro-ecosystem located in northern israel, a phenomenon that attracts more than 400,000 eco-tourists a year. a 100-ha plot has been used to feed the cranes in order to protect nearby fields. the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of this bird's feeding practice on the p status of the altered wetland soils and waterways. we installed a series of wells at two depths (40 and 90 cm) betw ... | 2014 | 24361445 |
| [population trends and behavioral observations of wintering common cranes (grus grus) in yancheng nature reserve]. | to understand the population status and behavioural features of wintering common cranes in the yancheng nature reserve, two transects were established and population trends were monitored every month over five recent winters from 2008 to 2013. wintering behaviours were also observed in order to explore the possible effects of family size and age on time budgets. results indicated that the populations were stable with a range of 303 to 707 individuals. negative effects of coastal developments wer ... | 2013 | 24115655 |
| evaluation of the ornithogenic influence on the trophic state of east mediterranean wetland ecosystem using trend analysis. | the great rift valley portion of the east african-eurasian migratory flyway is extremely important globally because of the numbers (>500 million) and diversity of seasonal traveling birds. the construction of the agmon wetland (1.1km(2)) in the hula valley, israel in 1994 and a change in crop type and rotation has attracted increasing number of eurasian cranes (grus grus) to winter in the wetland (>40,000 in 2014). the birds are fed in an area of 100ha and roost during the night in the wetland f ... | 2016 | 26363396 |