| factors affecting the uptake and metabolism of soluble carbohydrates by the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium isolated from ovine rumen contents by filtration. | a filtration technique is described whereby metabolically-active suspensions of dasytricha ruminantium can be isolated from rumen contents with negligible contamination by bacteria or other protozoa. the effects of environmental factors and of the diurnal cycle of the rumen on the uptake and metabolism of soluble carbohydrates by these isolated cells were examined. the principal contribution of the protozoan metabolic end-products to the host ruminant is the supply of lactic, acetic and butyric ... | 1976 | 10343 |
| the selectivity of carbohydrate assimilation by the anaerobic rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium. | | 1979 | 120361 |
| influence of co2 and low concentrations of o2 on fermentative metabolism of the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium. | the effects of ruminal concentrations of co2 and o2 on glucose-stimulated and endogenous fermentation of the rumen isotrichid ciliate dasytricha ruminantium were investigated. principal metabolic products were lactic, butyric and acetic acids, h2 and co2. traces of propionic acid were also detected; formic acid present in the incubation supernatants was found to be a fermentation product of the bacteria closely associated with this rumen ciliate. 13c nmr spectroscopy revealed alanine as a minor ... | 1991 | 1919515 |
| hydrogen production by rumen holotrich protozoa: effects of oxygen and implications for metabolic control by in situ conditions. | experiments with washed suspensions of holotrich protozoa (isotricha spp. and dasytricha ruminantium) showed that both organisms have an efficient o2-scavenging capability (apparent km values 2.3 and 0.3 microm, respectively). reversible inhibition of h2 production increased almost linearly with increasing o2 up to 1.5 microm; higher levels of o2 gave irreversible inhibition. in situ determinations of h2, ch4, o2 and co2 in ovine rumen liquor, using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer probe, indi ... | 1989 | 2657036 |
| the passage of protozoa from the reticulo-rumen through the omasum of sheep. | 1. protozoa in rumen contents and omasal effluent of growing wethers were counted. the wethers were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulas, and omasal sleeves attached to the omasal-abomasal orifice. rumen fluid dilution rates were elevated by continuous infusions of hypertonic mineral solutions (3-4 litres/d) for 24 d. rumen contents and omasal effluent were sampled between 9 and 21 h during the last 10 d of each experiment. 2. protozoal concentrations in omasal effluent were only 0.2-0.3 th ... | 1986 | 3676237 |
| butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon dasytricha ruminantium. | production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-coa:acetyl-coa c-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coa hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coa reductase, phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase. subcellular fractionation by differential and density-gradient centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated that all those enzymes except pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidore ... | 1985 | 3924032 |
| the rumen microbiology of seaweed digestion in orkney sheep. | the microbial populations of the rumens of seaweed-fed and pasture-fed orkney sheep were examined. the populations in the pasture-fed sheep were similar to those of other domestic ruminants fed on land plants, but those of the seaweed-fed animals showed major differences in the dominant species. total ciliate populations were quantitatively similar, but in the seaweed-fed animals dasytricha ruminantium was one of the most dominant species. no phycomycete fungi or cellulolytic bacteria were found ... | 1985 | 4030526 |
| culture of the rumen holotrich ciliate dasytricha ruminantium schuberg. | the successful cultivation of the anaerobic ciliate dasytricha ruminantium is described. the cultures were established in a salts medium containing 30% clarified rumen fluid. sucrose and extract of rumen holotrich protozoa were fed once daily for 2 to 4 hr, and dasytricha was then transferred to medium free from these nutrients. rumen fluid was essential. omission of protozoal extract resulted in gradual death of the ciliates. bovine serum satisfactorily substituted for the protozoal extract, bu ... | 1966 | 4961553 |
| respiration of the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium schuberg. | the endogenous respiration of the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium maintained under an o2 tension of 2kpa (approximately 0.02 atm) was partially inhibited by kcn (40% inhibition) and nan3 (58% inhibition). the organisms lack cytochromes, and sensitivity of respiration to kcn, nan3, chloroquine and quercetin suggest that the operation of flavoprotein-iron-sulphur-mediated electron transport. as in tritrichomonas foetus, hydrogenosomal respiration can be stimulated by the addition of coa in th ... | 1982 | 6293462 |
| hydrogenosomes in a mixed isolate of isotricha prostoma and isotricha intestinalis from ovine rumen contents. | 1. both isotricha intestinalis and i. prostoma possess microbody-like organelles, with a highly granular appearance. 2. these organelles, which are sedimentable at 10(5) g-min, bear no morphological similarity to mitochondria, but are enzymatically similar to organelles possessed by certain other anaerobic protozoa and termed hydrogenosomes. 3. the hydrogenosomes isolated from a preparation of mixed isotrichs bear a closer similarity to those isolated from the other rumen holotrich. dasytricha r ... | 1983 | 6403285 |
| hydrogenosomes in the rumen protozoon dasytricha ruminantium schuberg. | this paper reports for the first time the presence in the anaerobic rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium (schuberg) of microbody-like organelles, about 0.5 micrometer diameter, with a granular matrix and an equilibrium density of approx. 1.18 g/ml. these organelles can be isolated in a fraction sedimented at 10(5) g-min that contains 67% of the total pyruvate synthase (ec 1.2.7.1), 66% of the hydrogenase (ec 1.18.3.1) and 20% of the lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27). thus in several respects t ... | 1981 | 6803778 |
| oxygen affinities of the hydrogenosome-containing protozoa tritrichomonas foetus and dasytricha ruminantium, and two aerobic protozoa, determined by bacterial bioluminescence. | oxygen-dependent bioluminescence of photobacterium (vibrio) fischeri was used to measure oxygen affinities of four protozoa. the aerobic organisms acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis showed apparent km values for o2 of 0.42 and 2.43 microm respectively. the aerotolerant anaerobe tritrichomonas foetus, and the more strictly anaerobic rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium, both of which have hydrogenosomes, respired with apparent km values of 1.08 and 1.70 microm-o2. we conclude tha ... | 1982 | 6809887 |
| some rumen ciliates have endosymbiotic methanogens. | most of the small ciliate protozoa, including dasytricha ruminantium and entodinium spp. living in the rumen of sheep, were found to have intracellular bacteria. these bacteria were not present in digestive vacuoles. they showed characteristic coenzyme f420 autofluorescence and they were detected with a rhodamine-labelled archaea-specific oligonucleotide probe. the measured volume percent of autofluorescing bacteria (1%) was close to the total volume of intracellular bacteria estimated from tem ... | 1994 | 8181718 |
| polypeptides of hydrogenosome-enriched fractions from rumen ciliate protozoa and trichomonads: immunological studies. | the evolution of hydrogenosomes, energy-generating organelles of rumen ciliate protozoa and the flagellate trichomonads has been the subject of much speculation. polypeptides of the hydrogenosome-enriched fractions from the rumen ciliates, dasytricha ruminantium, isostricha spp., polyplastron multivesiculatum and eudiplodinium maggii were separated by sds-page and compared to analogous polypeptide preparations from tritrichomonas foetus. immunoblotting with antisera specific to the hydrogenosome ... | 1994 | 8181726 |
| effects of vitamin e and selenium on some rumen parameters in lambs. | the effects of supplemented selenium and vitamin e on a number of rumen parameters such as the population of rumen protozoa, ph, concentration of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen content were studied. eight lambs were randomly allocated into two groups: a control group and an experimental group receiving vitamin e (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, 250 mg/kg of feed) and selenium (sodium selenite, 0.3 mg/kg of feed) supplementation. samples of rumen content were taken from all l ... | 1997 | 9557322 |
| ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow following progressive inoculations of fauna-free wethers with major individual species of ciliate protozoa or total fauna. | naturally fauna-free (ff) wethers, equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were used in two groups of eight (group a) and seven (group b) animals in six consecutive experimental periods, each lasting for 28 d. the objective was to measure ruminal fermentation traits, and flows of nonammonia nitrogen (nan), total amino acid (taa), and bacterial nitrogen (bn) from the stomach after inoculation with individual ciliate protozoa species in each period. the wethers in both groups were fed a diet ... | 2000 | 10764084 |
| the rumen ciliate fauna of domestic sheep (ovis ammon aires) from the turkish republic of northern cyprus. | concentration and composition of ciliate protozoa in the families ophryoscolecidae and isotrichidae were determined in rumen contents of domestic sheep (ovis ammon aries) from cyprus. a total of five genera of ophryoscolecidae were identified, metadinium, enoploplastron, polyplastron, epidinium, and ophrvoscolex, which included six species: metadinium affine, enoploplastron triloricatum, polyplastron multivesiculatum, epidinium ecaudatum, epidinium graini, and ophryoscolex purkynjei. eight separ ... | 2001 | 11456322 |
| two-step freezing procedure for cryopreservation of rumen ciliates, an effective tool for creation of a frozen rumen protozoa bank. | the present study aimed at the long-term storage of rumen protozoa as living cells in liquid nitrogen. the two-step or interrupted slow freezing procedure was used to cryopreserve six of the dominant species of rumen ciliates isolated from monofaunated animals, dasytricha ruminantium, entodinium caudatum, epidinium ecaudatum caudatum, eudiplodinium maggii, isotricha prostoma, and polyplastron multivesiculatum. we optimized the first step in the interrupted slow freezing procedure, from the extra ... | 2003 | 12839750 |
| interrelationship between certain bacteria and the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium. | | 1957 | 13467239 |
| the biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 6. the maltases of dasytricha ruminantium, epidinium ecaudatum (crawley) and entodinium caudatum. | | 1963 | 13969022 |
| effect of absence of ciliate protozoa from the rumen on microbial activity and growth of lambs. | a survey of the components of the rumen ciliate population in a series of adult sheep, raised in the faculty of agriculture, university of alexandria, has shown that a mixture of entodinium, isotricha, ophryoscolex, diplodinium, and polyplastron species was found in the rumen contents of egyptian sheep; no epidinium and a negligible number of dasytricha ruminantium were also observed. the microbial population, reducing sugars, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (vfa) production, and growth rate of 14 ... | 1964 | 14201095 |
| potential of galvanotaxis to separation and cleaning of rumen ciliates. | the ability of rumen ciliate protozoa to move in a unidirectional electrical field from the anode to the cathode was tested in large-volume electromigration equipment; the aim was to concentrate the microorganisms and clean them of impurities. during galvanotaxis in the freshly harvested rumen fluid and at a voltage of 10 v (i=0.8 ma), cells of isotricha (isotricha prostoma, isotricha intestinalis) were the first to swim towards the cathode; 1 min later, they were followed by dasytricha ruminant ... | 2004 | 15003689 |
| the effects of organic selenium supplementation on the rumen ciliate population in sheep. | the effect of selenium supplementation on the rumen protozoan population of sheep was demonstrated. both the total and generic counts of rumen ciliates in sheep fed a diet with basal se content (70 microg/kg dry matter) were compared to those of animals given feed supplemented with inorganic (disodium selenite) or organic se (selenized yeast) (310 microg/kg dry matter). the genera of entodinium, isotricha, dasytricha, ophryoscolex, diploplastron and polyplastron occurred in all sheep except for ... | 2005 | 16408856 |
| horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to rumen ciliates indicates adaptation to their anaerobic, carbohydrates-rich environment. | the horizontal transfer of expressed genes from bacteria into ciliates which live in close contact with each other in the rumen (the foregut of ruminants) was studied using ciliate expressed sequence tags (ests). more than 4000 ests were sequenced from representatives of the two major groups of rumen cilates: the order entodiniomorphida (entodinium simplex, entodinium caudatum, eudiplodinium maggii, metadinium medium, diploplastron affine, polyplastron multivesiculatum and epidinium ecaudatum) a ... | 2006 | 16472398 |
| comparison of nisin and monensin effects on ciliate and selected bacterial populations in artificial rumen. | the effect of daily supplementation of nisin (2 mg/l), monensin (5.88 mg/l) and nisin and monensin (2 + 5.88 mg/l) on ovine ruminal ciliates and bacteria was investigated using the artificial rumen rusitec. major groups in rusitec were entodinium spp. and dasytricha ruminantium. the supplementation of nisin significantly increased the population of both major ciliate groups. the supplementation of monensin significantly decreased the population of both groups. the combined effect of nisin and mo ... | 2010 | 20140721 |
| dasytricha dominance in surti buffalo rumen revealed by 18s rrna sequences and real-time pcr assay. | the genetic diversity of protozoa in surti buffalo rumen was studied by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, 18s rdna sequence homology and phylogenetic and real-time pcr analysis methods. three animals were fed diet comprised green fodder napier bajra 21 (pennisetum purpureum), mature pasture grass (dicanthium annulatum) and concentrate mixture (20% crude protein, 65% total digestible nutrients). a protozoa-specific primer (p-ssu-342f) and a eukarya-specific primer (medlin b) were used ... | 2011 | 21744288 |
| protozoa and digestive tract parameters of the impala. | intestinal contents were collected from eight impala at three different localities during the winter hunting season (2005-2009), as well as from another 24 animals from a one-year trial at a game farm called ditholo (2003-2004). gas production, protozoa counts and several other physiological parameters were measured from both rumen and caecum or colon contents. only higher ophryoscolecid and isotrichidae species of protozoa were counted and identified. ostracodinium gracile was present in all 32 ... | 2011 | 23327216 |
| ultrastructure of the rumen ciliate dasytricha ruminantium. | the ciliate dasytricha ruminantium possesses cilia over the entire surface. both the oral and somatic kineties are composed of monokinetids comprising a kinetosome, a tangential ribbon of 5 transverse microtubules, a weakly convergent bundle of 5 postciliary microtubules, a short kinetodesmal fibre, and a single microtubule homologous to t(2) of other litostomate ciliates [15]. the reversed orientation of the kineties within and around the vestibulum may be a consequence of the evolutionary migr ... | 2011 | 23195656 |
| rumen ciliate protozoa of domestic sheep (ovis aries) and goat (capra aegagrus hircus) in kyrgyzstan. | species composition and concentration of rumen ciliate protozoa were investigated in the rumen contents of 14 domestic sheep and 1 goat living in bishkek, kyrgyzstan. this is the first report on rumen ciliates from ruminants living in kyrgyzstan. in sheep 12 genera, 28 species and 12 morphotypes were detected, whereas in goat 8 genera, 12 species and 4 morphotypes were detected. the density of ciliates in sheep was (28.1 ± 20.0) × 10(4) cells ml(-1) and in goat was 37.0 × 10(4) cells ml(-1). das ... | 2016 | 26850444 |
| rumen ciliates in the african (cape) buffalo (syncerus caffer caffer) living in the vicinity of the orpen gate entrance into kruger national park, south africa. | samples of rumen contents were obtained from 10 african (cape) buffalo living in the vicinity of the orpen gate entrance into kruger national park in south africa. total number of ciliate protozoa per animal ranged from 3.15 to 23.25 x 10<sup>3</sup>. forty three different species and forms were observed, of which 35 are a new host record. the total number of species and forms per animal varied from 10 to 17. eudiplodinium maggii occurred in all 10 animals, followed by dasytricha ruminantium in ... | 2014 | 25112244 |
| protozoa and digestive tract parameters in blue wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou), with description of entodinium taurinus n. sp. | rumen contents from four blue wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and six black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) were collected from two locations during two winter culling seasons. a total of 16 species of protozoa were found in blue wildebeest with dasytricha ruminantium, opisthotrichum janus and ostracodinium gracile occurring in all four animals. in black wildebeest, 23 species of protozoa were observed with only diplodinium bubalidis (caudal spine morphotype) and ostracodinium damaliscus being ... | 2012 | 22683066 |