| phylogenetic relationships of the soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli inferred from rdna sequence data and pcr primers for its identification. | phylogenetic relationships of several species within the fusarium solani-complex were investigated using characters from the nuclear ribosomal dna. genetic variation within 24 isolates, including 5 soybean sudden death syndrome (sds) strains, was assessed using rdna sequence data and restriction fragment length polymorphic markers. by these techniques, the causal agent of soybean sds was identified as f. solani f. sp. phaseoli. in separate cladistic analyses, plectosphaerella cucumerina and nect ... | 1995 | 7579615 |
| study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of arabidopsis to microbial pathogens. | crude aqueous extracts from arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus neurospora crassa as a test organism. two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same abundance in leaves from untreated plants versus leaves from plants challenge inoculated with the fungus alternaria brassicicola. one of both major antimicrobial fractions was purified to homogeneity and iden ... | 2001 | 11299350 |
| esa1, an arabidopsis mutant with enhanced susceptibility to a range of necrotrophic fungal pathogens, shows a distorted induction of defense responses by reactive oxygen generating compounds. | an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, esa1, that shows enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogens alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina, but has wild-type levels of resistance to the biotrophic pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and peronospora parasitica. the enhanced susceptibility towards necrotrophic pathogens correlated with a delayed induction of phytoalexin accumulation and delayed induction of the plant defensin gene pdf1.2 upon inoculation ... | 2002 | 11862946 |
| beta-amino-butyric acid-induced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens is based on aba-dependent priming for callose. | the non-protein amino acid beta-amino-butyric acid (baba) protects plants against a wide range of pathogens. we have examined the effectiveness and mode of action of baba on resistance against two necrotrophic pathogens. treatment of arabidopsis with baba induced resistance against alternaria brassicicola and plectosphaerella cucumerina to a similar level by jasmonic acid (ja). conversely, treatment with benzothiadiazole (bth), a functional analogue of salicylic acid (sa), had no significant eff ... | 2004 | 15053765 |
| structural elucidation of fungal polysaccharides isolated from the cell wall of plectosphaerella cucumerina and verticillium spp. | the structure of acidic fungal polysaccharides isolated from the cell wall of plectosphaerella cucumerina, verticillium dahliae, and v. albo-atrum has been investigated by chemical analysis, methylation analysis, and 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the polysaccharides have an idealized repeating block of the type: [carbohydrates: see text] linked to a small mannan core (<15%), where n=13, m=13, p=5, and q=8 for p. cucumerina, and n=16, m=16, p=6, and q <1 for both verticillium species. | 2006 | 16330005 |
| repression of the auxin response pathway increases arabidopsis susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. | in plants, resistance to necrotrophic pathogens depends on the interplay between different hormone systems, such as those regulated by salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene, and abscisic acid. repression of auxin signaling by the sa pathway was recently shown to contribute to antibacterial resistance. here, we demonstrate that arabidopsis auxin signaling mutants axr1, axr2, and axr6 that have defects in the auxin-stimulated scf (skp1-cullin-f-box) ubiquitination pathway exhibit incre ... | 2008 | 19825556 |
| the erecta receptor-like kinase regulates cell wall-mediated resistance to pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana. | some receptor-like kinases (rlk) control plant development while others regulate immunity. the arabidopsis erecta (er) rlk regulates both biological processes. to discover specific components of er-mediated immunity, a genetic screen was conducted to identify suppressors of erecta (ser) susceptibility to plectosphaerella cucumerina fungus. the ser1 and ser2 mutations restored disease resistance to this pathogen to wild-type levels in the er-1 background but failed to suppress er-associated devel ... | 2009 | 19589071 |
| the rna silencing enzyme rna polymerase v is required for plant immunity. | rna-directed dna methylation (rddm) is an epigenetic control mechanism driven by small interfering rnas (sirnas) that influence gene function. in plants, little is known of the involvement of the rddm pathway in regulating traits related to immune responses. in a genetic screen designed to reveal factors regulating immunity in arabidopsis thaliana, we identified nrpd2 as the overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 1 (ocp1). nrpd2 encodes the second largest subunit of the plant-specific rna polymera ... | 2011 | 22242006 |
| plectosphaeroic acids a, b, and c, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors produced in culture by a marine isolate of the fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. | laboratory cultures of the fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina obtained from marine sediments collected in barkley sound, british columbia, yielded the novel alkaloids plectosphaeroic acids a (1) to c (3). the alkaloids 1-3 are inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido). | 2009 | 19537768 |
| fungal endophytes in potato roots studied by traditional isolation and cultivation-independent dna-based methods. | the composition and relative abundance of endophytic fungi in roots of field-grown transgenic t4-lysozyme producing potatoes and the parental line were assessed by classical isolation from root segments and cultivation-independent techniques to test the hypothesis that endophytic fungi are affected by t4-lysozyme. fungi were isolated from the majority of root segments of both lines and at least 63 morphological groups were obtained with verticillium dahliae, cylindrocarpon destructans, colletotr ... | 2006 | 17117985 |
| molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a new xylanase gene from plectosphaerella cucumerina. | a gene encoding a new xylanase, named xynzg, was cloned by the genome-walking pcr method from the nematophagous fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. the genomic dna sequence of xynzg contains a 780 bp open reading frame separated by two introns with the sizes of 50 and 46 bp. to our knowledge, this would be the first functional gene cloned from p. cucumerina. the 684 bp cdna was cloned into vector phbm905b and transformed into pichia pastoris gs115 to select xylanase-secreting transformants on rb ... | 2007 | 17115208 |
| arabidopsis pen3/pdr8, an atp binding cassette transporter, contributes to nonhost resistance to inappropriate pathogens that enter by direct penetration. | arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (hordeum vulgare). screening for arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified penetration3 (pen3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by b. g. hordei, suggesting that pen3 contributes to defenses at the cell wall and intracellularly. pen3 mutant ... | 2006 | 16473969 |
| erecta receptor-like kinase and heterotrimeric g protein from arabidopsis are required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. | arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina is complex and depends on the ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways. a quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of resistance to this fungus was performed using two populations of recombinant inbred lines. three loci qrp1-qrp3 (for quantitative resistance to plectosphaerella) were identified and mapped on chromosome 2 (qrp1 and qrp2) and 5 (qrp3). qrp1, the locus showing the strongest effect, was ... | 2005 | 15998304 |
| an arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor, overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3, mediates resistance to infection by necrotrophic pathogens. | the mechanisms controlling plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens are poorly understood. we previously reported on ep5c, a gene shown to be induced by the h(2)o(2) generated during a plant-pathogen interaction. to identify novel plant components operating in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, we initiated a large-scale screen using arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of the h(2)o(2)-responsive ep5c promoter. here, we report the ide ... | 2005 | 15923348 |
| plectosporium alismatis comb. nov. a new placement for the alismataceae pathogen rhynchosporium alismatis. | the phytopathogen rhynchosporium alismatis, occurring on alisma, sagittaria and other genera in the alismataceae, is under investigation as a mycoherbicide for alismataceous weeds in australian rice crops. the type species of rhynchosporium, r. secalis, belongs in the helotiales while the phylogenetic relationships of r. alismatis were unknown. to identify fungi related to r. alismatis, the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of the ribosomal dna (its1, 5.8s rrna gene, its2) of 56 isolates ... | 2004 | 15446710 |
| ethylene response factor 1 mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungus fusarium oxysporum. | ethylene response factor 1 (erf1) is a transcriptional factor from arabidopsis thaliana that regulates plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungi botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina and whose overexpression enhances resistance to these fungi. here, we show that erf1 also mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungi fusarium oxysporum sp. conglutinans and f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, because its constitutive expression in arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to these ... | 2004 | 15242170 |
| inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by the barley cystatin hv-cpi (gene icy) is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties. | the recombinant barley cystatin hv-cpi inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum graminicola, and plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma viride. several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their antifungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. point mutants r38-->g, q63-->l, and q63-->p diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cat ... | 2003 | 14558689 |
| detection and quantification of plectosphaerella cucumerina, a potential biological control agent of potato cyst nematodes, by using conventional pcr, real-time pcr, selective media, and baiting. | potato cyst nematodes (pcn) are serious pests in commercial potato production, causing yield losses valued at approximately $300 million in the european community. the nematophagous fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina has demonstrated its potential as a biological control agent against pcn populations by reducing field populations by up to 60% in trials. the use of biological control agents in the field requires the development of specific techniques to monitor the release, population size, sprea ... | 2003 | 12902272 |
| prospecting fungal parasites of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida using a rapid screening technique. | seven filamentous fungal species were isolated from individual eggs of globodera pallida cysts collected from infested fields in shelley idaho, usa and identified as chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, fusarium tricinctum, microdochium bolleyi, purpureocillium lilacinum, and plectosphaerella cucumerina. their ability to reduce infection by g. pallida in planta were assessed in simple, reproducible micro-rhizosphere chambers (micro-rocs). all fungi reduced g. pallida infecti ... | 2017 | 28375550 |
| [identification of pathogens causing root rot disease on ligusticum chuanxiong in sichuan]. | to identify the pathogens causing root rot disease on ligusticum chuanxiong from the main producing areas in sichuan, and to provide gist of management of this disease in the future. | 2015 | 26495640 |
| the expression of the t-snare atsnap33 is induced by pathogens and mechanical stimulation. | the fusion of vesicles in the secretory pathway involves the interaction of t-soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (t-snares) on the target membrane and v-snares on the vesicle membrane. atsnap33 is an arabidopsis homolog of the neuronal t-snare snap-25 involved in exocytosis and is localized at the cell plate and at the plasma membrane. in this paper, the expression of atsnap33 was analyzed after different biotic and abiotic stresses. the expression of atsnap33 ... | 2003 | 12746539 |
| interactions between nematophagous fungi and consequences for their potential as biological agents for the control of potato cyst nematodes. | the efficacies of three nematophagous fungi, paecilomyces lilacinus, plectosphaerella cucumerina and pochonia chlamydosporia, for controlling potato cyst nematodes (pcn) as part of an integrated pest management (ipm) regime were studied. the compatibility of the nematophagous fungi with commonly used chemical pesticides and their ability to compete with the soil fungi rhizoctonia solani, chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium bilaii and trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro. p ... | 2003 | 12735243 |
| biotransformation of 2-benzoxazolinone and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one by endophytic fungi isolated from aphelandra tetragona. | the biotransformation of the phytoanticipins 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa) by four endophytic fungi isolated from aphelandra tetragona was studied. using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, several new products of acylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and nitration were identified. fusarium sambucinum detoxified boa and hboa to n-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. plectosporium tabacinum, gliocladium cibotii, and chaetosphaeria sp. t ... | 2002 | 12324332 |
| constitutive expression of ethylene-response-factor1 in arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi. | infection of a plant by a pathogen induces a variety of defense responses that imply the action of several signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (e). here we describe the role of ethylene-response-factor1 (erf1) as a regulator of ethylene responses after pathogen attack in arabidopsis. the erf1 transcript is induced on infection by botrytis cinerea, and overexpression of erf1 in arabidopsis is sufficient to confer resistance to necrotrophic fungi suc ... | 2002 | 12060224 |
| Arabidopsis Heterotrimeric G-protein Regulates Cell Wall Defense and Resistance to Necrotrophic Fungi. | The Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein controls defense responses to necrotrophic and vascular fungi. The agb1 mutant impaired in the Gß subunit displays enhanced susceptibility to these pathogens. Gß/AGB1 forms an obligate dimer with either one of the Arabidopsis G? subunits (?1/AGG1 and ?2/AGG2). Accordingly, we now demonstrate that the agg1 agg2 double mutant is as susceptible as agb1 plants to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. To elucidate the molecular basis of heterotr ... | 2011 | 21980142 |
| arabidopsis ocp3 mutant reveals a mechanism linking aba and ja to pathogen-induced callose deposition. | in the present study, we evaluated the role of the defense related gene ocp3 in callose deposition as a response to two necrotrophic fungal pathogens, botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina. ocp3 plants exhibited accelerated and intensified callose deposition in response to fungal infection associated with enhanced disease resistance to the two pathogens. a series of double mutant analyses showed potentiation of callose deposition and the heightened disease resistance phenotype in ocp3 ... | 2011 | 21564353 |
| genetic dissection of basal defence responsiveness in accessions of arabidopsis thaliana. | basal resistance involves a multitude of pathogen- and herbivore-inducible defence mechanisms, ranging from localized callose deposition to systemic defence gene induction by salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja). in this study, we have explored and dissected genetic variation in the responsiveness of basal defence mechanisms within a selection of arabidopsis accessions. responsiveness of ja-induced pdf1.2 gene expression was associated with enhanced basal resistance against the necrotrophi ... | 2011 | 21414016 |
| tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites in arabidopsis thaliana confer non-host resistance to necrotrophic plectosphaerella cucumerina fungi. | a defence pathway contributing to non-host resistance to biotrophic fungi in arabidopsis involves the synthesis and targeted delivery of the tryptophan (trp)-derived metabolites indol glucosinolates (igs) and camalexin at pathogen contact sites. we have examined whether these metabolites are also rate-limiting for colonization by necrotrophic fungi. inoculation of arabidopsis with adapted or non-adapted isolates of the ascomycete plectosphaerella cucumerina triggers the accumulation of trp-deriv ... | 2010 | 20408997 |
| developing a xylanase xynzg from plectosphaerella cucumerina for baking by heterologously expressed in kluyveromyces lactis. | xylanase can replace chemical additives to improve the volume and sensory properties of bread in the baking. suitable baking xylanase with improved yield will promote the application of xylanase in baking industry. the xylanase xynzg from the plectosphaerella cucumerina has been previously characterized by heterologous expression in pichia pastoris. however, p. pastoris is not a suitable host for xylanase to be used in the baking process since p. pastoris does not have gras (generally regarded a ... | 2014 | 25511290 |
| erecta and bak1 receptor like kinases interact to regulate immune responses in arabidopsis. | erecta (er) receptor-like kinase (rlk) regulates arabidopsis thaliana organ growth, and inflorescence and stomatal development by interacting with the erecta-family genes (erf) paralogs, er-like 1 (erl1) and erl2, and the receptor-like protein (rlp) too many mouths (tmm). er also controls immune responses and resistance to pathogens such as the bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pto) and the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina bmm (pcbmm). we found that er null-mutant ... | 2016 | 27446127 |
| identification of indole-3-carboxylic acid as mediator of priming against plectosphaerella cucumerina. | plant resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen plectosphaerella cucumerina is mediated by a combination of several hormonal-controlled signalling pathways. the priming agent β-aminobutyric acid (baba) is able to induce effective resistance against this pathogen by stimulating callose-rich cell wall depositions. in the present research it is demonstrated that baba-induced resistance (baba-ir) against p. cucumerina in arabidopsis has additional components such as the induction of defences medi ... | 2012 | 23116603 |
| plectosphaerella species associated with root and collar rots of horticultural crops in southern italy. | plectosphaerella cucumerina, most frequently encountered in its plectosporium state, is well known as a pathogen of several plant species causing fruit, root and collar rot, and collapse. it is considered to pose a serious threat to melon (cucumis melo) production in italy. in the present study, an intensive sampling of diseased cucurbits as well as tomato and bell pepper was done and the fungal pathogens present on them were isolated. phylogenetic relationships of the isolates were determined t ... | 2012 | 23105152 |
| fungal infection of mantis shrimp (oratosquilla oratoria) caused by two anamorphic fungi found in japan. | two fungal pathogens of the mantis shrimp (oratosquilla oratoria) in yamaguchi and aichi prefectures, japan are described as the new species plectosporium oratosquillae and acremonium sp. (a member of the emericellopsis marine clade). both fungi infect the gills of the mantis shrimp, which become brown or black due to melanization. the former species is characterized by its slow growth on artificial seawater yeast extract peptone glucose (pygs) agar, pale yellow to pale orange or grayish yellow ... | 2009 | 19169846 |
| myb72, a node of convergence in induced systemic resistance triggered by a fungal and a bacterial beneficial microbe. | colonisation of plant roots by selected beneficial trichoderma fungi or pseudomonas bacteria can result in the activation of a systemic defence response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, induced systemic resistance (isr) triggered by the rhizobacterial strain pseudomonas fluorescens wcs417r is regulated by a jasmonic acid- and ethylene-dependent defence signalling pathway. jasmonic acid and ethylene also play a role in trichoderma-induced resistanc ... | 2009 | 19121118 |
| rna silencing is required for arabidopsis defence against verticillium wilt disease. | rna silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that plays an important role in various biological processes including regulation of gene expression. rna silencing also plays a role in genome stability and protects plants against invading nucleic acids such as transgenes and viruses. recently, rna silencing has been found to play a role in defence against bacterial plant pathogens in arabidopsis through modulating host defence responses. in this study, it is shown that gene silencing plays ... | 2009 | 19098131 |
| endophytic fungi occurring in fennel, lettuce, chicory, and celery--commercial crops in southern italy. | the occurrence of endophytic fungi in fennel, lettuce, chicory, and celery crops was investigated in southern italy. a total of 186 symptomless plants was randomly collected and sampled at the stage of commercial ripeness. fungal species of acremonium, alternaria, fusarium, and plectosporium were detected in all four crops; plectosporium tabacinum was the most common in all crop species and surveyed sites. the effect of eight endophytic isolates (five belonging to plectosporium tabacinum and thr ... | 2008 | 18222676 |
| impairment of cellulose synthases required for arabidopsis secondary cell wall formation enhances disease resistance. | cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (cesas) contained in plasma membrane-localized complexes. in arabidopsis thaliana, three types of cesa subunits (cesa4/irregular xylem5 [irx5], cesa7/irx3, and cesa8/irx1) are required for secondary cell wall formation. we report that mutations in these proteins conferred enhanced resistance to the soil-borne bacterium ralstonia solanacearum and the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. by contrast, susceptibility to these pathogens was ... | 2007 | 17351116 |
| disruption of abscisic acid signaling constitutively activates arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. | plant resistance to necrotrophic fungi is regulated by a complex set of signaling pathways that includes those mediated by the hormones salicylic acid (sa), ethylene (et), jasmonic acid (ja), and abscisic acid (aba). the role of aba in plant resistance remains controversial, as positive and negative regulatory functions have been described depending on the plant-pathogen interaction analyzed. here, we show that aba signaling negatively regulates arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) resistance to t ... | 2012 | 23037505 |
| disruption of the ammonium transporter amt1.1 alters basal defenses generating resistance against pseudomonas syringae and plectosphaerella cucumerina. | disruption of the high-affinity nitrate transporter nrt2.1 activates the priming defense against pseudomonas syringae, resulting in enhanced resistance. in this study, it is demonstrated that the high-affinity ammonium transporter amt1.1 is a negative regulator of arabidopsis defense responses. the t-dna knockout mutant amt1.1 displays enhanced resistance against plectosphaerella cucumerina and reduced susceptibility to p. syringae. the impairment of amt1.1 induces significant metabolic changes ... | 2014 | 24910636 |
| the plasticity of priming phenomenon activates not only common metabolomic fingerprint but also specific responses against p. cucumerina. | previously we described that different priming stimuli trigger common metabolomic responses against p. cucumerina. furthermore we showed that several primed metabolites were present following independent priming inducers such as natural constitutive priming promoted by gene mutations and chemical priming induced by the β-aminobutyric acid (baba). despite we found a common metabolomic fingerprint, in the present research we focus our attention in specific metabolites that are primed differentiall ... | 2014 | 24739434 |
| hydrolysis of the potato glycoalkaloid alpha-chaconine by filamentous fungi. | three strains of filamentous fungi have been isolated from potato sprouts to obtain an enzyme degrading the glycoalkaloids. all of the strains hydrolyzed alpha-chaconine and not alpha-solanine when grown on the sprouts. from strain hp341, identified as plectosphaerella cucumerina, the enzyme hydrolyzing alpha-chaconine was purified on columns of deae-toyopearl and phenyl-toyopearl. the partially purified enzyme hydrolyzed alpha-chaconine to beta1-chaconine but not to beta2- or gamma-chaconine, s ... | 2002 | 16233310 |
| novel disease susceptibility factors for fungal necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis. | host cells use an intricate signaling system to respond to invasions by pathogenic microorganisms. although several signaling components of disease resistance against necrotrophic fungal pathogens have been identified, our understanding for how molecular components and host processes contribute to plant disease susceptibility is rather sparse. here, we identified four transcription factors (tfs) from arabidopsis that limit pathogen spread. arabidopsis mutants defective in any of these tfs displa ... | 2015 | 25830627 |
| the role of dna (de)methylation in immune responsiveness of arabidopsis. | dna methylation is antagonistically controlled by dna methyltransferases and dna demethylases. the level of dna methylation controls plant gene expression on a global level. we have examined impacts of global changes in dna methylation on the arabidopsis immune system. a range of hypo-methylated mutants displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (hpa), whereas two hyper-methylated mutants were more susceptible to this pathogen. subsequent characteriza ... | 2016 | 27341062 |
| spore density determines infection strategy by the plant pathogenic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. | necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens are resisted by different plant defenses. while necrotrophic pathogens are sensitive to jasmonic acid (ja)-dependent resistance, biotrophic pathogens are resisted by salicylic acid (sa)- and reactive oxygen species (ros)-dependent resistance. although many pathogens switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy during infection, little is known about the signals triggering this transition. this study is based on the observation that the early colonization pattern and ... | 2016 | 26842622 |
| functional genomics tools to decipher the pathogenicity mechanisms of the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina in arabidopsis thaliana. | the analysis of the interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and adapted (pcbmm) and nonadapted (pc2127) isolates of the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina has contributed to the identification of molecular mechanisms controlling plant resistance to necrotrophs. to characterize the pathogenicity bases of the virulence of necrotrophic fungi in arabidopsis, we developed p. cucumerina functional genomics tools using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. we generated pcbmm- ... | 2013 | 22937870 |
| sumoylation inhibition mediated by disruption of sumo e1-e2 interactions confers plant susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | protein modification by sumo modulates essential biological processes in eukaryotes. sumoylation is facilitated by sequential action of the e1-activating, e2-conjugating, and e3-ligase enzymes. in plants, sumo regulates plant development and stress responses, which are key determinants in agricultural productivity. to generate additional tools for advancing our knowledge about the sumo biology, we have developed a strategy for inhibiting in vivo sumo conjugation based on disruption of sumo e1-e2 ... | 2017 | 28343913 |
| pre-planting treatments with phosphite-based products against different foliar and soil-borne pathogens of vegetable crops. | fifteen experimental trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficacy of preventative treatments based on phosphite salts on the following pathosystems: tomato/phytophthora nicotianae, zucchini/p. capsici, lettuce/fusarium oxysporum f.sp. iactucae, rocket/fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani, wild rocket/plectosphaerella cucumerina and basii/peronospora belbahrii. the possible use of phosphite salts in nursery cultivation systems is considered in comparison with chemical ... | 2015 | 27141741 |
| updating on the fungal composition in sardinian sheep's milk by culture-independent methods. | this work applies culture-independent methods for the characterization of fungal populations (yeasts and moulds) naturally occurring in sardinian ewe's milk sampled in the italian areas with the largest dairy production (sardinia and lazio regions). sequences of the d1/d2 variable domains at the 5' end of the 26s rrna gene were obtained by amplification of dna directly isolated from milk, and this allowed identification of a total of 6 genera and 15 species of fungi. among the 6 identified gener ... | 2014 | 24666807 |
| targeting novel chemical and constitutive primed metabolites against plectosphaerella cucumerina. | priming is a physiological state for protection of plants against a broad range of pathogens, and is achieved through stimulation of the plant immune system. various stimuli, such as beneficial microbes and chemical induction, activate defense priming. in the present study, we demonstrate that impairment of the high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.1 (encoded by nrt2.1) enables arabidopsis to respond more quickly and strongly to plectosphaerella cucumerina attack, leading to enhanced resistance. t ... | 2014 | 24506441 |
| fine tuning of reactive oxygen species homeostasis regulates primed immune responses in arabidopsis. | selected stimuli can prime the plant immune system for a faster and stronger defense reaction to pathogen attack. pretreatment of arabidopsis with the chemical agent β-aminobutyric acid (baba) augmented h2o2 and callose production after induction with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) chitosan, or inoculation with the necrotrophic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina. however, baba failed to prime h2o2 and callose production after challenge with the bacterial pamp flg22. analysis of ... | 2013 | 24088017 |
| functional interplay between arabidopsis nadph oxidases and heterotrimeric g protein. | the plant nadph oxidases produce reactive oxygen species (ros) in response to pathogens that have diverse functions in different cellular contexts. distinct phenotypic outcomes may derive from the interaction of nadph oxidase-dependent ros with other signaling components that mediate defense activation. we analyze the interaction between nadph oxidases atrbohd and atrbohf and the arabidopsis heterotrimeric g protein. the gβ subunit (agb1) of the heterotrimeric g protein is required for full dise ... | 2013 | 23441575 |
| mixed infection caused by lecythophora canina sp. nov. and plectosphaerella cucumerina in a german shepherd dog. | we describe an opportunistic, disseminated infection in a german shepherd dog associated with two fungal organisms not previously reported to cause disease. lecythophora canina, a new species here described, was isolated from an osteolytic bone lesion. a fine needle aspirate of the lesion demonstrated septate hyphae. plectospharella cucumerina (anamorph plectosporium tabacinum) was isolated from a urine sample. clinical manifestations were blindness, altered mentation, and osteomyelitis. treatme ... | 2013 | 23294425 |
| [effects of actinomycetes agent on ginseng growth and rhizosphere soil microflora]. | taking the ginseng in xiao xing' an mountains of northeast china as test object, this paper studied the effects of applying streptomyces pactum (act12) on ginseng growth and on the soil microflora in root zone and root surface. after treated with act12, the yield and quality of ginseng' s medicinal part improved, the induced enzyme activities in leaves and the root activity increased, and the numbers and proportions of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased significantly while those of soil f ... | 2013 | 24380350 |
| regulation of pathogen-triggered tryptophan metabolism in arabidopsis thaliana by myb transcription factors and indole glucosinolate conversion products. | myb34, myb51, and myb122 transcription factors are known as decisive regulators of indolic glucosinolate (ig) biosynthesis with a strong impact on expression of genes encoding cyp79b2 and cyp79b3 enzymes that redundantly convert tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime (iaox). this intermediate represents a branching point for ig biosynthesis, and pathways leading to camalexin and indole-carboxylic acids (ica). here we investigate how these mybs affect the pathogen-triggered trp metabolism. our exper ... | 2016 | 26802248 |
| the arabidopsis nadph oxidases rbohd and rbohf display differential expression patterns and contributions during plant immunity. | plant nadph oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rbohs), produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that perform a wide range of functions. rbohd and rbohf, two of the 10 rboh genes present in arabidopsis, are pleiotropic and mediate diverse physiological processes including the response to pathogens. we hypothesized that the spatio-temporal control of rbohd and rbohf gene expression might be critical in determining their multiplicity of functions. transgenic arabidopsis plan ... | 2016 | 26798024 |
| koningiopisins a-h, polyketides with synergistic antifungal activities from the endophytic fungus trichoderma koningiopsis. | eight new fungal polyketides named koningiopisins a-h (1-8) and four previously known polyketides (9-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus trichoderma koningiopsis yim ph 30002. their structures were elucidated using extensive spectral data interpretation, and their antifungal and synergistic activities were also evaluated. koningiopisin c (3) exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus plectosphaerella cucumerina with an mic of 16 µg/ml. although the antifun ... | 2016 | 26692458 |