| caprine abortion following exposure to mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. | | 1996 | 8953539 |
| polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease digestion for selected members of the "mycoplasma mycoides cluster" and mycoplasma putrefaciens. | a specific diagnostic method using the polymerase chain reaction, together with restriction endonuclease digestion patterns, was developed for members of the "mycoplasma mycoides cluster" that normally occur in the united states (i.e., mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum in addition to "cluster" mycoplasma, bovine serogroup 7, and mycoplasma putrefaciens. the digestion of "cluster" polymerase chain reaction dna (1,225 bp) amplification pro ... | 1997 | 9211239 |
| a pathological and immunohistochemical study of goat kids undergoing septicaemic disease caused by mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (large colony type). | this paper studies the pathological and immunohistochemical findings in 12 kids experimentally infected with mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (mcc), m. mycoides subsp. capri (mmc) and m. mycoides subsp. mycoides (large colony type), (mmmlc). for the demonstration of mcc, mmc and mmmlc antigens an immunoperoxidase technique based on the labelled streptavidin biotin method was used in the 12 kids inoculated with mycoplasmas and the three control kids inoculated with mycoplasma medium. all 1 ... | 1998 | 9588108 |
| genetic and serological analysis of the immunogenic 67-kda lipoprotein of mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7. | the gene encoding a lipoprotein of 67 kda, named p67, was cloned from mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 strain pg50 and expressed in escherichia coli k12. analysis of the amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence of the p67 gene revealed a typical prokaryotic signal peptidase ii membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site and a transmembrane structure domain in the leader sequence at the amino-terminal end of the protein. protein p67 showed 91% identical amino acid residues to the lipoprotein ... | 1998 | 9766210 |
| comparative analysis of the lppa locus in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. | the lppa gene, encoding the lipoprotein named lppa[mcaca] was characterised in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. it encodes a lipoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 57 kda as determined by sds-page. using antibodies directed against recombinant lppa[mcaca], we showed the expression of this lipoprotein in all m. capricolum subsp. capricolum by immunoblot analysis. the serum did not cross-react with other members of the mycoplasma mycoides cluster, hence showing that lppa[mcaca] was ... | 1999 | 10512041 |
| comparison of the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer regions among strains of the mycoplasma mycoides cluster, and reassessment of the taxonomic position of mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer regions of six type or reference strains belonging to the mycoplasma mycoides cluster and of mycoplasma putrefaciens suggested the presence of two subclusters. one subcluster comprised m. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (sc) type, m. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony (lc) type and m. mycoides subsp. capri, whereas the second subcluster comprised mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, m. capricolum subsp. capripneumoni ... | 2000 | 10843078 |
| variable surface protein vmm of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type. | a variable surface protein, vmm, of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (m. mycoides sc) has been identified and characterized. vmm was specific for the sc biotype and was expressed by 68 of 69 analyzed m. mycoides sc strains. the protein was found to undergo reversible phase variation at a frequency of 9 x 10(-4) to 5 x 10(-5) per cell per generation. the vmm gene was present in all of the 69 tested m. mycoides sc strains and encodes a lipoprotein precursor ... | 2002 | 12057968 |
| genetic and antigenic characterisation of elongation factor tu from mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides sc. | specific serodiagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) is hampered by the low antibody titers against mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type (mmmsc) antigens in calf serum due to persistent infections and by the existence of cross-reactions among the members of the mycoides cluster. in order to identify potential diagnostic antigens, we have constructed a genomic library from mmmsc which was screened with antibodies from naturally-infected animals. using this strategy, ... | 2002 | 12383637 |
| suspected utility of enzymes with multiple activities in the small genome mycoplasma species: the replacement of the missing "household" nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene and activity by glycolytic kinases. | the small genome mollicutes whose dnas are completely sequenced (mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma pulmonis, and ureaplasma urealyticum [parvum]) lack a gene (ndk) for the presumably essential nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk). we hypothesized that other activities might replace ndpk activity. we found in m. genitalium g37(t), mycoplasma pneumoniae fh(t), mycoplasma fermentans pg18(t), and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum kid(t) that their 6-phosphofructokinases ... | 2002 | 12427276 |
| distribution of the mcs4 rna genes in mycoplasmas belonging to the mycoplasma mycoides cluster. | mcs4 rna is one of the small stable rnas found in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum type strain california kid. this rna has a sequence similarity to that of eukaryotic u6 snrna. there are two genes encoding mcs4 rna, designated mcs4a and mcs4b, in the genome. homologous sequences of these genes were not found in databases of other bacterial sequences. we searched for mcs4 rna and its genes in other bacteria by pcr and hybridization techniques. the results strongly suggested that this rna ... | 2003 | 14527727 |
| host specificity of mollicutes oric plasmids: functional analysis of replication origin. | recently, artificial oric plasmids containing the chromosomal dnaa gene and surrounding dnaa box sequences were obtained for the mollicutes spiroplasma citri and mycoplasma pulmonis. in order to study the specificity of these plasmids among mollicutes, a set of similar oric plasmids was developed for three mycoplasmas belonging to the mycoides cluster, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc (mmmlc), m.mycoides subsp. mycoides sc (mmmsc) and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. mycoplasmas fr ... | 2003 | 14602921 |
| inactivation of mycoplasma species involved in contagious agalactia. | the suitability of 5 agents for the inactivation of different field strains of the four mycoplasma species associated with contagious agalactia syndrome in goats, i.e. mycoplasma agalactiae, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and mycoplasma putrefaciens, was investigated. immunoprophylaxis of this syndrome is still based on inactivated vaccines, which traditionally use formalin as the inactivating agent. moreover, the limited information existing abou ... | 2004 | 14964115 |
| systemic disease in vaal rhebok (pelea capreolus) caused by mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster. | in the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in vaal rhebok (pelea capreolus) originating from south africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in san diego, calif. three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. all three rhebok died or were euthanized. primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. mycoplasmas were detected in nume ... | 2005 | 15750104 |
| versatile use of oric plasmids for functional genomics of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. | replicative oric plasmids were recently developed for several mollicutes, including three mycoplasma species belonging to the mycoides cluster that are responsible for bovine and caprine diseases: mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type, and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. in this study, oric plasmids were evaluated in m. capricolum subsp. capricolum as genetic tools for (i) expression of heterologous proteins and (ii) ... | 2005 | 15932982 |
| first isolation of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, one of the causal agents of caprine contagious agalactia, on the island of lanzarote (spain). | during an unusually long period of bad weather, several outbreaks of caprine contagious agalactia (cca) were reported in a number of flocks on the island of lanzarote (canary islands, spain). clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating goats and some cases of arthritis and pneumonia in kids were observed in the affected flocks. mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum was isolated as the main causal agent of the outbreaks, associated with m. mycoides subsp. mycoides "large colony type" (mmm lc ... | 2007 | 16324858 |
| immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum in caprine abortion: a case report. | described in this study are the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of caprine abortion due to the experimental infection of the dam with strain gm13 of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. mycoplasma antigens were seen mainly in choriallantoic trophoblasts and in the lumen of blood vessels in the allantoic membrane. examination with an electron microscope showed that the chorioallantoic trophoblasts were filled with typical mycoplasma organisms. no other bacteria were ... | 1996 | 16727906 |
| distinctive repertoire of contingency genes conferring mutation- based phase variation and combinatorial expression of surface lipoproteins in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum of the mycoplasma mycoides phylogenetic cluster. | the generation of surface variation among many divergent species of mollicutes (mycoplasmas) occurs through stochastic expression patterns of diverse lipoprotein genes. the size and wide distribution of such variable gene sets in minimal (approximately 0.6- to 1.4-mb) mycoplasmal genomes suggest their key role in the adaptation and survival of these wall-less monoderms. diversity through variable genes is less clearly established among phylogenetically similar mycoplasmas, such as the mycoplasma ... | 2006 | 16788201 |
| flow cytometric determination of the effects of antibacterial agents on mycoplasma agalactiae, mycoplasma putrefaciens, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type. | flow cytometry together with sybr green i and propidium iodide was used to study the effects of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and tylosin on four mycoplasma species. inhibition of mycoplasma growth could be detected by as early as 3 h after the start of treatment. the strongest effect was observed with enrofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-treated cells. | 2006 | 16870783 |
| the in vitro effect of six antimicrobials against mycoplasma putrefaciens, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum isolated from sheep and goats in jordan. | respiratory disease in sheep and goats is a major problem in jordan and is often associated with mycoplasma species. without effective vaccines, control is mainly by chemotherapy, but the uncontrolled use of antimicrobials has led to concerns about the potential development of antimicrobial resistance. the in vitro effect of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, tylosin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline was determined against 32 isolates of mycoplasma species-m. mycoides subsp. mycoides lc ... | 2006 | 17405622 |
| a pcr for the detection of mycoplasmas belonging to the mycoplasma mycoides cluster: application to the diagnosis of contagious agalactia. | contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmal infection caused by mycoplasma agalactiae, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc, m. mycoides subsp. capri, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and mycoplasma putrefaciens. identification of the causative organisms is usually performed by isolation and classical biochemical and serological tests, though this is a lengthy and cumbersome process for mycoplasmas. specific pcr assays have been developed for the identification of mycoplasma agalactiae and m. ... | 2007 | 17606362 |
| in vitro antimycoplasmal activity of six jordanian medicinal plants against three mycoplasma species. | the in vitro effect of six jordanian traditional medicine plant methanolic extracts were tested against 32 isolates of mycoplasma species; mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc (6), mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (8) and m. putrefaciens (18), all isolated from either nasal swabs or milk, from sheep and goats in different regions in jordan. all mycoplasma species showed susceptibility to artemisia herba-alba and artemisia arborescens with mic ranges from 3.125-12.5 mg/ml. allium sativum ... | 2007 | 17969714 |
| suppression-subtractive hybridization as a strategy to identify taxon-specific sequences within the mycoplasma mycoides cluster: design and validation of an m. capricolum subsp. capricolum-specific pcr assay. | the phylogenetically related mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and m. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype large colony are two small-ruminant pathogens involved in contagious agalactia. their respective contributions to clinical outbreaks are not well documented, because they are difficult to differentiate with the current diagnostic techniques. in order to identify dna sequences specific to one taxon or the other, a suppression-subtractive hybridization approach was developed. dna fragments ... | 2008 | 18234866 |
| mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of leach, and reclassification of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides lc as a serovar of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. | the mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of six pathogenic mycoplasmas causing disease in ruminants, which share many genotypic and phenotypic traits. the m. mycoides cluster comprises five recognized taxa: mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (mmmsc), m. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony (mmmlc), m. mycoides subsp. capri (mmc), mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (mcc) and m. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (mccp). the group of strains known as mycoplasma sp. bovine group ... | 2009 | 19502315 |
| first report on the molecular prevalence of mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (mccp) in goats the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) in balochistan province of pakistan. | contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) caused by mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (mccp) is a disease of goats which causes high morbidity and mortality and is reported in many countries of the world. there are probably no reports on the molecular prevalence of mccp, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (mcc) and mycoplasma putrefaciens (mp) in balochistan and any other part of pakistan. thirty goats (n = 30) with marked respiratory symptoms were selected and procured from ... | 2010 | 20091126 |
| fatal outbreak of mycoplasma capricolum pneumonia in endangered markhors. | a pneumonia outbreak reduced the numbers of a wild population of endangered markhors (capra falconeri) in tajikistan in 2010. the infection was diagnosed by histologic examination and bacteriologic testing. mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum was the sole infectious agent detected. cross-species transmission from domestic goats may have occurred. | 2011 | 22172532 |
| contagious agalactia due to mycoplasma spp. in small dairy ruminants: epidemiology and prospects for diagnosis and control. | contagious agalactia (ca) is a serious disease of small dairy ruminants that has a substantial economic impact on the goat and sheep milk industries. the main aetiological agent of the disease is mycoplasma agalactiae, although other species, such as mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and mycoplasma putrefaciens, are pathogenic in goats. there are two clinical-epidemiological states of ca in sheep and goats; herds and flocks may exhibit outbreaks of ca or m ... | 2013 | 23759248 |
| management practices associated with the bulk tank milk prevalence of mycoplasma spp. in dairy herds in northwestern portugal. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some management practices on the prevalence of mycoplasma spp. in northwestern portuguese dairy farms from bulk tank milk (btm) samples. additionally, the within-herd prevalence of mycoplasma spp. was also determined, but only in btm positive herds. from may 2007 to november 2008, 492 btm samples from 164 dairies randomly chosen in a population of 1234 dairy farms were analyzed. five herds (3.0%) had positive mycoplasmal culture results, ... | 2013 | 22836035 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. | mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (ca). nevertheless, there is still a lack of information about its antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics. therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and genetic variability of different mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum field isolates. for this purpose, the growth inhibition effect of 18 antimicrobials and a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme based on ... | 2017 | 28346546 |
| selected ethno-medicinal plants from kenya with in vitro activity against major african livestock pathogens belonging to the "mycoplasma mycoides cluster". | members of 'mycoplasma mycoides cluster' are important ruminant pathogens in africa. diseases caused by these mycoplasma negatively affect the agricultural sector especially in developing countries through losses in livestock productivity, mortality and international trade restrictions. there is therefore urgent need to develop antimicrobials from alternative sources such as medicinal plants to curb these diseases. in kenya, smallholder farmers belonging to the maasai, kuria and luo rely on trad ... | 2016 | 27649681 |
| impact of donor-recipient phylogenetic distance on bacterial genome transplantation. | genome transplantation (gt) allows the installation of purified chromosomes into recipient cells, causing the resulting organisms to adopt the genotype and the phenotype conferred by the donor cells. this key process remains a bottleneck in synthetic biology, especially for genome engineering strategies of intractable and economically important microbial species. so far, this process has only been reported using two closely related bacteria, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (mmc) and mycoplasma ... | 2016 | 27488189 |
| nucleotide composition bias and codon usage trends of gene populations in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and m. agalactiae. | because of the low gc content of the gene population, amino acids of the two mycoplasmas tend to be encoded by synonymous codons with an a or t end. compared with the codon usage of ovine, mycoplasma capricolum and m. agalactiae tend to select optimal codons, which are rare codons in ovine. due to codon usage pattern caused by genes with key biological functions, the overall codon usage trends represent a certain evolutionary direction in the life cycle of the two mycoplasmas. the overall codon ... | 2015 | 26174672 |
| draft genome sequence of the first human isolate of the ruminant pathogen mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. | mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum is a well-known pathogen of small ruminants. a recent human case of septicemia involving this agent raised the question of its potential pathogenicity to humans. we present the first draft genome sequence of a human mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum isolate. | 2015 | 26089408 |
| discrimination between mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum using pcr-rflp and pcr. | in this study, the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (lpda) gene was used to distinguish mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (mmc) from mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (mcc), two of four mycoplasma species that cause contagious agalactia in sheep and goats. after alignment of nucleotide sequences of both species, specific primer sets were designed from unchanging and variable gene segments. the first primer set lpd-c1-f/lpd-c1-r was used to amplify a 911 bp fragment that was subsequently co-diges ... | 2015 | 26088269 |
| comparative analysis of the mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum gm508d genome reveals subrogation of phase-variable contingency genes and a novel integrated genetic element. | mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum is both a pathogen of small ruminants and a model recipient organism for gene transplantation and synthetic biology. with the availability of the complete genome of the type strain california kid (released in 2005), a draft genome of strain gm508d was determined to investigate genomic variation in this subspecies. differences in mobile genetic element location and complement, catabolic pathway genes, contingency loci, surface antigen genes and type ii ... | 2015 | 26040761 |
| the origin of the 'mycoplasma mycoides cluster' coincides with domestication of ruminants. | the 'mycoplasma mycoides cluster' comprises the ruminant pathogens mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp), mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae the agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp), mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, mycoplasma leachii and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. cbpp and ccpp are major livestock diseases and impact the agricultural sector especially in developing countries through reduced food ... | 2012 | 22558362 |
| genome-wide analysis of the first sequenced mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain m1601. | mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (mccp) is a common pathogen of goats that causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. we closed the gap and corrected rrna operons in the draft genome of mccp m1601, a strain isolated from an infected goat in a farm in gansu, china. the genome size of m1601 is 1,016,707 bp with a gc content of 23.67%. we identified 915 genes (occupying 90.27% of the genome), of which 713 are protein-coding genes (excluding 163 pseudogenes). no genomic islands and compl ... | 2017 | 28754725 |
| resistance mechanisms against quinolones in mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. | quinolones interact with bacterial dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, the subunits of which are encoded by gyra/gyrb and parc/pare, respectively. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in these genes and quinolone susceptibility of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (mcc). using in vitro selected resistant mutants and field isolates from goats, predicted amino acid changes in gyra, gyrb and parc were associated with higher minimum inhibitory concentration value ... | 2017 | 28671064 |