| [parasites of the gdr. 3. endoparasites of the hare (lepus europeus)]. | 96 hares from the eastern region of the dresden district were examined for endoparasites and the results compared with those of other authors from gdr and the neighbouring countries. out of the 27 endoparasites which up till now are recorded in the middle european region in gdr are found 6 coccidia-spp.: eimeria leporis, e. robertsoni, e. townsendi, e. semisculpta, e. europaea, e. hungarica and the helminths: fasciola hepatica, dicrocoelium dendriticum, cittotaenia denticulata, andrya rhopalocep ... | 1979 | 507443 |
| [course of trichostrongylus retortaeformis (zeder, 1800) looss, 1905, infestation in the domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)]. | fifty havanna, small chinchilla and crossbred rabbits were each infected at 3 to 4 months of age with a single dose of 5-20 thousand third-stage larvae of the trichostrongyle. after infection with 10 thousand larvae, third-stage larvae were present on the 1st and 2nd days, fourth-stage on the 4th-6th days, fifth-stage on the 7th and 8th days and sexually mature trichostrongyles on the 8th-10th days. only a small proportion of third-stage and fourth-stage larvae failed to develop into sexually ma ... | 1975 | 1200743 |
| blood chemistry and endoparasites of the mountain hare (lepus timidus l.) in high and low density populations. | in order to study the effect of high population density on the condition, blood characteristics and helminth parasitism of mountain hares (lepus timidus), 12 specimens were shot in december 1982 and 12 more in february 1983 on the west coast of central finland (group 1, dense population). in addition 14 hares were shot in december 1982 about 100 km from group 1 (group 2, dense population). group 3 consists of 15 hares from stable, rather low density populations shot in southern finland during th ... | 1992 | 1602575 |
| do intestinal helminths affect condition and fecundity of adult mountain hares? | the abundance of the intestinal helminth trichostrongylus retortaeformis in adult mountain hares (lepus timidus) from a moor in northeastern scotland was assessed monthly. weight and fatness of each hare was measured and the reproductive output of females was estimated by sectioning ovaries. abundance of the parasite was lower in december and january than at other times of year, and there was no difference in abundance between male and female hares. there was no correlation between intensity of ... | 1988 | 3193553 |
| observations on the seasonal incidence of myxomatosis and its interactions with helminth parasites in the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were collected monthly over a 10-yr period and the incidence of myxomatosis and the size of helminth populations were recorded. myxomatosis occurred annually, always as an epidemic in the latter half of the year and was associated with both an increase in the percentage of animals infected and the size of the infections of the nematodes trichostrongylus retortaeformis and passalurus ambiguus and the cestode mosgovoyia pectinata. it is suggested that myxom ... | 1988 | 3411700 |
| the occurrence and abundance of helminth parasites of the mountain hare lepus timidus (l.) and the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in aberdeenshire, scotland. | mountain hares were collected each month between april 1984 and march 1985 and their intestines examined for helminths. 26 rabbits were also collected between july and december 1984 and examined for gastro-intestinal helminths. three nematode and two cestode species were found in the hares while only two nematode and one cestode species were found in the rabbits. trichostrongylus retortaeformis was recorded from 88% of the 193 hares and 92% of the rabbits while comparable figures for passalurus ... | 1986 | 3734402 |
| the incidence of helminth parasites from the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in eastern scotland. | samples of wild rabbits were collected each month over the six-year period 1977-82 and their intestines and abdomens examined for helminths. three species of nematode, four of cestode and one trematode were found. graphidium strigosum was recorded in 33% of the 786 rabbits, trichostrongylus retortaeformis in 79%, passalurus ambiguus in 14.2%, cittotaenia pectinata in 37%, c. denticulata in 11%, coenurus pisiformis in 3%, cysticercus serialis in 0.1% and fasciola hepatica in 0.1%. g. strigosum an ... | 1985 | 3989265 |
| [endoparasite infestation of the stomach and intestinal tract of feral rabbits from the leipzig region]. | investigations on the infestation with endoparasites in stomach and gut of feral rabbits from the region of leipzig. during the hunting periods in the years 1976 till 1979 the viscera of 122 wild rabbits shot in two different biotopes in the area of leipzig were examined for endoparasites. 63.11% harboured ctenotaenia ctenoides and cittotaenia denticulata and 8.19% cysticercus pisiformis. graphidium strigosum was demonstrated in 36.88%, trichostrongylus retortaeformis in 82.78%, passalurus ambig ... | 1984 | 6465615 |
| endoparasites of hares (lepus timidus l. and l. europaeus pallas) in finland. | intestinal and lung parasites of 85 mountain hares (lepus timidus) and 24 european hares (l. europaeus) were examined. the species of parasites found in both hare species were trichostrongylus retortaeformis zeder, 1800; mosgovoyia pectinata goeze, 1782 and protostrongylus pulmonalis froelich, 1802. eimeria semisculpta madsen, 1938 and e. townsendi carvalho, 1943 were found only in the european hares and eimeria leporis nieschulz, 1923 and dicrocoelium dendriticum rudolphi, 1819 only in the moun ... | 1983 | 6644932 |
| influence of host weight, sex and reproductive status on helminth parasites of the wild rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus, in navarra, spain. | a study was carried out in navarra (northern spain) on the influence of the weight, sex and reproductive status (lactant, pregnant or lactant + pregnant females and testicular weight for males) of the wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) on two cestodes species: andrya cuniculi and mosgovoyia ctenoides and four intestinal nematodes: graphidium strigosum, trichostrongylus retortaeformis, nematodiroides zembrae and dermatoxys hispaniensis. a significantly higher prevalence of a. cuniculi was detect ... | 1999 | 10526414 |
| factors influencing the fecal egg and oocyst counts of parasites of wild european rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in southern western australia. | abundance of intestinal parasites was monitored by fecal egg and oocyst counts for samples of wild rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus with different levels of imposed female sterility from 12 populations in southwestern australia. differences in egg counts of trichostrongylus retortaeformis between seasons and age groups were dependent on the sex of the host. pregnancy may have been responsible for these differences because egg counts were consistently higher in intact females than in females surgica ... | 1999 | 10577712 |
| evaluation of the association of parasitism with mortality of wild european rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in southwestern australia. | abundances of the parasitic nematodes trichostrongylus retortaeformis and passalurus ambiguus, and 8 eimeria species were estimated by fecal egg and oocyst output in 12 discrete free-ranging populations of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in southwestern australia. comparisons of parasite egg and oocyst counts were made between those rabbits known to have survived at least 2 mo after fecal samples were collected and those rabbits that did not survive. there were significant negative relation ... | 1999 | 10577713 |
| helminth parasites of the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus near malham tarn, yorkshire, uk. | between 1992 and 1996, 95 rabbits from the immediate locality of malham tarn, north yorkshire, uk were examined for the presence of helminth parasites. all the examinations took place in late september or october. three species of nematodes, graphidium strigosum, passalurus ambiguus and trichostrongylus retortaeformis and two species of cestodes, taenia pisiformis and cittotaenia pectinata were identified. there were no associations between helminth species richness and year of sampling, host we ... | 1999 | 10654397 |
| morphogenesis and distribution of trichostrongylus retortaeformis in the intestine of the rabbit. | the morphogenesis and the distribution along the digestive tract of trichostrongylus retortaeformis(zeder, 1800) (nematoda) were studied in detail in one of its natural hosts, oryctolagus cuniculus. worm-free rabbits were each infected with t. retortaeformis larvae and were killed at 12 h post-infection (hpi) and on each day from 1 to 15 days post-infection (dpi). the distribution of worm populations along the small intestine was assessed. at the different dates of infection, more than 80% of th ... | 2000 | 10881279 |
| patterns of parasite aggregation in the wild european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | understanding the factors controlling the distribution of parasites within their host population is fundamental to the wider understanding of parasite epidemiology and ecology. to explore changes in parasite aggregation, taylor's power law was used to examine the distributions of five gut helminths of the wild rabbit. aggregation was found to be a dynamic process that varied with year, season, host sex, age class, and myxomatosis. yearly and seasonal changes are thought, in the main, to be the r ... | 2001 | 11595228 |
| the potential role of habitat on intestinal helminths of mountain hares, lepus timidus. | over the last century in the uplands of scotland, the extent of heather moorland which supports high densities of mountain hares lepus timidus has diminished and has gradually been replaced by large-scale commercial forestry plantations or expanding natural woodlands. the potential impact of such a change in land use on host-parasite interactions was investigated by comparing the intensity and prevalence of infection of hares by parasites in two separate habitats: a large hare-fenced young fores ... | 2001 | 11818051 |
| life cycle of trichostrongylus retortaeformis in its natural host, the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | the chronology of the life cycle of trichostrongylus retortaeformis (zeder, 1800) (nematoda, trichostrongyloidea) is studied in its natural host oryctolagus cuniculus. the free living period lasted 5 days at 24 degrees c. worm-free rabbits were each infected per os with t. retortaeformis larvae. rabbits were killed at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and every day from one day to 13 days p.i. by 12 h p.i., all the larvae were exsheathed and in the small intestine. the third moult occurred between 3 an ... | 2002 | 12363370 |
| intestinal migrations of trichostrongylus retortaeformis (trichostrongylina, trichostrongylidae) in the rabbit. | observations were made on histological sections of the stomach and small intestine of seven rabbits infected with trichostrongylus retortaeformis and from one uninfected control rabbit. at 12h post-infection, larvae were found in the small intestine. at first, only a few larvae were observed entering the mucosa through capillaries of the stroma of villi; the majority of larvae remained in the intestinal lumen, within mucus of the crypts. we consider that the presence of the worms in the stroma i ... | 2003 | 12581591 |
| development of trichostrongylus colubriformis and trichostrongylus vitrinus, parasites of ruminants in the rabbit and comparison with trichostrongylus retortaeformis. | the parasitic phase of development of both trichostrongylus colubriformis and trichostrongylus vitrinus, parasites of ruminants, was studied in detail in the rabbit. in t. colubriformis, the third moult appeared by 4 days after infection (dai) and the last moult occurred between 10 and 11 dai. in t. vitrinus, the third moult occurred between 8 and 11 dai and the last one between 12 and 15 dai. the prepatent period lasted 16-17 days for t. colubriformis and 20 days for t. vitrinus. the chronology ... | 2003 | 12743805 |
| phenomenon of protection in infections of trichostrongylus retortaeformis. | | 1953 | 13087209 |
| galvanotactic reaction of infective larvae of trichostrongylus retortaeformis. | | 1962 | 13903007 |
| helminths of the wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) in macaronesia. | two hundred and four rabbits from 8 macaronesian islands (pico, san jorge, san miguel, terceira, and flores from azores archipelago; tenerife and alegranza from canary islands; and madeira from madeira archipelago) were examined for helminth parasites between 1995 and 2000. three species of cestodes, taenia pisiformis (larvae), andrya cuniculi, and mosgovoyia ctenoides, and 5 species of nematodes, trichuris leporis, graphidium strigosum, trichostrongylus retortaeformis, passalurus ambiguus, and ... | 2003 | 14627142 |
| parasitic helminths of the wild rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus, in different bioclimatic zones in tenerife, canary islands. | faunistic and ecological analyses of the wild rabbit helminth fauna were undertaken in tenerife island (canary islands). rabbits were collected between 1998 and 2000 in seven bioclimatic zones in tenerife selected by orientation and altitude. five parasite species were identified, three cestodes (taenia pisiformis (larvae), andrya cuniculi and mosgovoyia ctenoides) and two nematodes (trichostrongylus retortaeformis and passalurus ambiguus). taenia pisiformis presented an irregular distribution w ... | 2003 | 14627446 |
| self-cure in infections of trichostrongylus retortaeformis and its causation. | | 1952 | 14941078 |
| inhibition of development of trichostrongylus retortaeformis. | | 1952 | 14941095 |
| a 12-month survey of the gastro-intestinal helminths of antelopes, gazelles and giraffids kept at two zoos in belgium. | faecal egg count patterns and clinical signs associated with gastro-intestinal (gi) nematodes of 107 zoo ruminants were monitored at fortnightly intervals for 1 year. the ruminants in this study were kept under different husbandry conditions at two sites of the royal zoological society of antwerp, the antwerp zoo and the animal park planckendael. artiodactylids involved were arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), bongos (tragelaphus euryceros isaaci), sitatungas (trage ... | 2004 | 15710531 |
| prevalence, intensity and aggregation of intestinal parasites in mountain hares and their potential impact on population dynamics. | mountain hare lepus timidus populations show unstable dynamics and since hares carry a significant helminth infection and host-parasite interactions are known to be destabilising, they have been proposed as a possible causal mechanism for the observed instability. we assessed the prevalence, intensity of infection and aggregation of the helminth parasites graphidium strigosum and trichostrongylus retortaeformis recovered from 589 mountain hares culled from 30 scottish sporting estates in 1999 an ... | 2005 | 15777913 |
| parasite-mediated reduction in fecundity of mountain hares. | mountain hare populations in scotland exhibit regular 10 year fluctuations in abundance. simple models of host-parasite population dynamics suggest that parasite-mediated reductions in host fecundity can cause a transition from stable to cyclic host population dynamics. we tested the hypothesis that parasites reduce hare fecundity by experimentally reducing parasite burdens and recording female survival, body condition and fecundity. we captured 41 adult female hares in october 2002; 22 were tre ... | 2004 | 15801590 |
| peak shift and epidemiology in a seasonal host-nematode system. | insight into the dynamics of parasite-host relationships of higher vertebrates requires an understanding of two important features: the nature of transmission and the development of acquired immunity in the host. a dominant hypothesis proposes that acquired immunity develops with the cumulative exposure to infection, and consequently predicts a negative relationship between peak intensity of infection and host age at this peak. although previous studies have found evidence to support this hypoth ... | 2005 | 16024378 |
| variation in host susceptibility and infectiousness generated by co-infection: the myxoma-trichostrongylus retortaeformis case in wild rabbits. | one of the conditions that can affect host susceptibility and parasite transmission is the occurrence of concomitant infections. parasites interact directly or indirectly within an individual host and often these interactions are modulated by the host immune response. we used a free-living rabbit population co-infected with the nematode trichostrongylus retortaeformis, which appears to stimulate an acquired immune response, and the immunosuppressive poxvirus myxoma. modelling was used to examine ... | 2007 | 17580288 |
| the helminth parasites of the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus and their effect on host condition in dunas de mira, portugal. | the present study focuses on the helminth parasite community of the wild rabbit in a sand dune area in portugal over a 5-year period. the influence of host sex and year on the composition of the helminth community is assessed, along with the potential effect of the detected helminths on host body condition. the basic structure of the helminth community comprises mosgovoyia ctenoides, graphidium strigosum, trichostrongylus retortaeformis, nematodiroides zembrae and passalurus ambiguus. mean inten ... | 2007 | 17594739 |
| parasite co-infection and interaction as drivers of host heterogeneity. | we examined the hypothesis that the interaction between concomitant infecting parasites modifies host susceptibility, parasite intensity and the pattern of parasite distribution within the host population. we used a 26 year time series of three common parasites in a natural population of rabbits: two gastrointestinal nematodes (trichostrongylus retortaeformis and graphidium strigosum) and the immunosuppressive myxoma virus. the frequency distribution of nematodes in the host population and the r ... | 2008 | 17936286 |
| seasonality, cohort-dependence and the development of immunity in a natural host-nematode system. | acquired immunity is known to be a key modulator of the dynamics of many helminth parasites in domestic and human host populations, but its relative importance in natural populations is more controversial. a detailed long-term dataset on the gastrointestinal nematode trichostrongylus retortaeformis in a wild population of european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) shows clear evidence of seasonal acquired immunity in the age-structured infection profiles. by fitting a hierarchy of demographic infe ... | 2008 | 18077257 |
| the ecology of immature phases of trichostrongyle nematodes; the vertical distribution of infective larvae of trichostrongylus retortaeformis in relation to their habitat. | | 1948 | 18876873 |
| the ecology of immature phases of trichostrongyle nematodes; the effect of climatic factors on the availability of the infective larvae of trichostrongylus retortaeformis to the host. | | 1948 | 18876874 |
| effects of host characteristics and parasite intensity on growth and fecundity of trichostrongylus retortaeformis infections in rabbits. | host-mediated responses and parasite density-dependent processes can have a major influence on the growth and fecundity of parasitic nematodes. however, host characteristics and parasite intensity consistently change during the course of an infection and these could affect worm length and number of eggs in a non-constant way. we used a free-living population of rabbits naturally infected with trichostronglyus retortateformis and examined how adult nematode length and the number of eggs in utero ... | 2009 | 19126275 |
| can parasites drive population cycles in mountain hares? | understanding the drivers of population fluctuations is a central goal of ecology. although well-established theory suggests that parasites can drive cyclic population fluctuations in their hosts, field evidence is lacking. theory predicts that a parasite that loosely aggregates in the host population and has stronger impact on host fecundity than survival should induce cycling. the helminth trichostrongylus retortaeformis in the uk's only native lagomorph, the mountain hare, has exactly these p ... | 2009 | 19203927 |
| [dynamics of endoparasite infections in rabbits at different rearing regimes]. | this study was intended to evaluate the occurrence and seasonality of infection of coccidian and helminth parasites, in three rabbit warrens differently managed. mothers stayed with their offspring on deep litter (farm a, 90 dams), in boxes cleaned weekly (farm b, 30 dams) or on slatted floor (farm c, 10 females), whereas all the young after weaning (1 to 5 months of age) were kept in cages with slatted floor. animals were fed a complete balanced pelleted feed (warrens a and b) or traditional fo ... | 2009 | 19670533 |
| the second ecdysis of trichostrongylus retortaeformis (zeder). | | 1947 | 20282364 |
| explaining patterns of infection in free-living populations using laboratory immune experiments. | the host response to different helminth species can vary and have different consequences for helminth persistence. often these differences are generated by changes in the dynamics and intensity of the immune components against parasites with distinct life history strategies. we examined the immune response of rabbits to primary infections of the gastrointestinal nematodes trichostrongylus retortaeformis and graphidium strigosum under controlled conditions for 120 days post-challenge. results sho ... | 2011 | 21272036 |
| snapshot of spatio-temporal cytokine responses to single and co-infections with helminths and bacteria. | cytokines play a key role in maintaining communication between organs and in so doing modulate the interaction between concurrent infections. the extent of these effects depends on the properties of the organ infected and the intensity and type of infections. to determine systemic bystander effects among organs, ifn-γ, il-4 and il-10 gene expression was quantified at 7 days post-challenge in directly infected and uninfected organs during single and co-infections with the respiratory bacterium bo ... | 2011 | 24371558 |
| health screening of free-ranging european brown hares (lepus europaeus) on the german north-sea island pellworm. | a sudden decline of the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population in one of the best hunting districts for small game species in northern germany, the german north-sea island pellworm, in the years 2007/08 following marked habitat changes led to the implementation of a thorough health assessment program of the population. 110 animals were collected during the normal hunting season in the years 2010 and 2011. a post-mortem examination and histopathological investigation was performed on al ... | 2015 | 26238993 |
| network model of immune responses reveals key effectors to single and co-infection dynamics by a respiratory bacterium and a gastrointestinal helminth. | co-infections alter the host immune response but how the systemic and local processes at the site of infection interact is still unclear. the majority of studies on co-infections concentrate on one of the infecting species, an immune function or group of cells and often focus on the initial phase of the infection. here, we used a combination of experiments and mathematical modelling to investigate the network of immune responses against single and co-infections with the respiratory bacterium bor ... | 2012 | 22253585 |
| gastrointestinal nematode species diversity in soay sheep kept in a natural environment without active parasite control. | molecular methods based on its2 sequence analysis were used to identify strongylid parasites and describe their diversity in a management intervention and anthelmintic drug treatment-free sheep flock. fourteen different nematode parasite species were identified in the flock and the results showed a greater level of nematode species diversity than is normally reported in managed farmed flocks, with the presence of parasites such as bunostomum trigonocephalum, ostertagia leptospicularis, spiculopt ... | 2016 | 27523929 |
| infections do not predict shedding in co-infections with two helminths from a natural system. | given the health and economic burden associated with the widespread occurrence of co-infections in humans and agricultural animals, understanding how coinfections contribute to host heterogeneity to infection and transmission is critical if we are to assess risk of infection based on host characteristics. here, we examine whether host heterogeneity to infection leads to similar heterogeneity in transmission in a population of rabbits single and co-infected with two helminths and monitored monthl ... | 2014 | 25039232 |
| does host immunity influence helminth egg hatchability in the environment? | transmission success for helminths with free-living stages depends on the ability of eggs and larvae to develop and survive once in the environment. while environmental conditions are often suggested to influence egg phenology and hatching rate, immunity against parasite eggs might also play a role. we examined this hypothesis using the gastrointestinal helminths trichostrongylus retortaeformis and graphidium strigosum, two common infections of the european rabbit. changes in egg hatching rate a ... | 2015 | 24780158 |
| parasites of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) from an urban area in germany, in relation to worldwide results. | the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) belongs to the most invasive and successful mammalian species, which is distributed nearly worldwide. in europe, they inhabit broad parts of the mainland and subsequently reached several european islands via anthropogenic diversion. rabbits can also serve as hosts for numerous parasite species. the parasite and pathogen fauna of o. cuniculus have been well documented in various european countries, although studies in germany are scarce. until now, a co ... | 2013 | 24096608 |
| a co-infection with two gastrointestinal nematodes alters host immune responses and only partially parasite dynamics. | given their global distribution and abilities to persist in the host, helminths can play a crucial role in affecting risk of infections by increasing individual variation in infection. helminth co-infections are of particular interest because by altering host immune responses, they can modify host susceptibility and thus intensity and transmission of other parasites/pathogens. the dynamics of co-infection were examined using two helminths of the european rabbit. individuals were simultaneously c ... | 2013 | 23790075 |
| climate changes influence free-living stages of soil-transmitted parasites of european rabbits. | climate warming has been suggested to augment the risk of infectious disease outbreaks by extending the seasonal window for parasite growth and by increasing the rate of transmission. understanding how this occurs in parasite-host systems is important for appreciating long-term and seasonal changes in host exposure to infection and to reduce species extinction caused by diseases. we investigated how free-living stages of two soil-transmitted helminths of the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculu ... | 2013 | 23504881 |
| ovine nematodes in wild lagomorphs in australia and first record of trichostrongylus rugatus in free living lagomorphs. | gastrointestinal parasites are a major problem for sheep graziers and anthelmintic resistance has been reported worldwide. given that in experimental circumstances, sheep helminths are able to develop in rabbits and hares, and that hares are very mobile and sympatric with sheep in many regions of australia, free-living lagomorphs were investigated regarding carriage of ovine nematode parasites under field conditions. we performed specific worm counts in the gastrointestinal tracts of 88 rabbits ... | 2013 | 23890598 |