| [frequency of clinical isolation of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods and their susceptibilities to antibacterial agents]. | a comparison was made for frequencies of isolation o glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr) from clinical specimens during a period from july, 1986 to june, 1987 (the first period) and that from january, 1994 to december, 1994 (the second period). also, minimum inhibitory concentrations of principal drugs were determined against these isolates. the obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. thirty four (34) species of (g)nf-gnr were found from 35,200 clinical specimens in th ... | 1995 | 7474336 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime tested against infrequently isolated pathogenic species (unusual pathogens). | the cefotaxime sodium spectrum of activity is very broad and includes many common species and a variety of less frequently isolated pathogens. we have reviewed the clinical microbiology literature (44 references) and the data base of the university of iowa hospitals and clinics (iowa city, ia) to collect data on the activity of cefotaxime against the less common species. cefotaxime was consistently active against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga spp., eikenella corrodens, ery ... | 1995 | 7587049 |
| genomic fingerprinting of epidemic and endemic strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (formerly xanthomonas maltophilia) by arbitrarily primed pcr. | arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) was used to type 64 clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 60 patients and the hands of one nurse. forty-seven different patterns were observed, most patients having isolates with unique genomic fingerprints. a single pattern, however, was obtained from six of eight patients involved in an intensive care nursery outbreak, confirming the suspected nosocomial transmission of this microorganism. this strain was also found in four other patients hospit ... | 1995 | 7615743 |
| [a report to 2 cases where stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype was isolated from the sputum]. | mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the sputum of 2 women. case 1 which we reported recently was primary pneumonia caused by s. maltophilia. however, in case 2, mucoid s. maltophilia represented part of the transient flora. interestingly, colonization of mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa on respiratory tract occurred in both cases after mucoid s. maltophilia was isolated from their sputum. | 1995 | 7745296 |
| degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by stenotrophomonas maltophilia pb1. | a mixed microbial culture capable of metabolizing the explosive rdx (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) was obtained from soil enrichments under aerobic and nitrogen-limiting conditions. a bacterium, stenotrophomonas maltophilia pb1, isolated from the culture used rdx as a sole source of nitrogen for growth. three moles of nitrogen was used per mole of rdx, yielding a metabolite identified by mass spectroscopy and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as methylene-n-(hydroxymethyl)-hydrox ... | 1995 | 7747953 |
| the role of lipopolysaccharide anionic binding sites in aminoglycoside uptake in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | aminoglycoside resistance was investigated in six clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by studying the uptake kinetics and by using a radiochemical method to detect aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. furthermore, the lipopolysaccharides (lps) were extracted and characterized by sds-page and chemical analysis. dansyl-polymyxin displacement experiments confirmed the availability of anionic binding sites. growing cells of the isolates bound dansyl-polymyxin but were not ly ... | 1995 | 7768765 |
| epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by pcr. | we used two pcr methods for epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia with either arbitrary primers (random amplified polymorphic dna) or enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences as primers (eric-pcr). the analysis was performed with 38 isolates of s. maltophilia, comprising 9 nosocomial isolates from a burn unit, 20 other clinical isolates epidemiologically unrelated, and 9 isolates from one cystic fibrosis patient. both methods indicated that all of ... | 1995 | 7790459 |
| pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype. | we describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia (xanthomonas maltophilia) strain in a patient with bronchiectasis. the patient was admitted because of mild hemoptysis and productive cough with infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field on chest x ray. the clinical symptoms were mild, and treatment with minocycline was effective. | 1994 | 7852587 |
| stenotrophomonas, a new bacterial genus for xanthomonas maltophilia (hugh 1980) swings et al. 1983. | in consideration of the criticisms of the transfer of pseudomonas maltophilia to the genus xanthomonas proposed by j. swings, p. de vos, m. van den mooter, and j. de ley (int. j. syst. bacteriol. 33:409-413, 1983), a new generic name is created for this taxon. the name stenotrophomonas is here proposed for the new genus, which includes a single species, stenotrophomonas maltophilia. this proposal restores the genus xanthomonas to its former definition (j. bradbury, p. 199-210, in n. r. krieg and ... | 1993 | 8347518 |
| a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ... | 1995 | 8529440 |
| comparison of susceptibility to extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin among gram-negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units. | the in vitro activities of extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (including piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and meropenems) were assessed and compared with the activity of ciprofloxacin against 366 clinical gram-negative bacilli isolates from the intensive care units of taichung veterans general hospital. the most prevalent species isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. the activities of ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and m ... | 1995 | 8565418 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients. | | 1995 | 8565998 |
| analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism and ribotyping of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from persisting lung infection in a cystic fibrosis patient. | a cystic fibrosis patient was infected by stenotrophomonas maltophilia over at least 15 months. the bacteria became increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. determination of restriction fragment length polymorphism and ribotyping showed that resistance was due to changes in that s. maltophilia rather than to infection by another strain. | 1995 | 8588142 |
| purification and characterization of a newly screened microbial peptide amidase. | a microbial peptide amidase was found in a limited screening and purified about 500-fold from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the native enzyme has a molecular mass of 38 kda (gel filtration). the sequence of the first 16 amino acids was determined by edman degradation. the isoelectric point was found to be around 5.8. the peptide amidase exhibited a ph optimum of 6.0 and a temperature optimum of about 39-45 degrees c. the enzyme is stable in 50 mm tris/hcl, ph 7.5, at 30 degrees c, and the residu ... | 1995 | 8597540 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia ocular infections. | to determine if the number of ocular infections associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasing, to identify predisposing factors, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility. | 1996 | 8602781 |
| transfer of ceftazidime and aztreonam resistance from nosocomial strains of xanthomonas (stenotrophomonas) maltophilia to a recipient strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa ml-1008. | | 1995 | 8605913 |
| stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. a disease that is usually severe and complicated. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections. however, well-documented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. | 1996 | 8607729 |
| antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone. | the antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone drug, was tested against 761 clinical isolates. cs-940 activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was most similar to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with a large range of mics inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (mic90s) of 0.015 to 16 micrograms/ml (median mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml). cs-940 had greater activity than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin when they were tested against acinetobacter spp. (mic90s, 0.03 mic ... | 1995 | 8619590 |
| isepamicin (sch 21420, 1-n-hapa gentamicin b): microbiological characteristics including antimicrobial potency of spectrum of activity. | isepamicin (formerly sch 21420 or 1-n-hapa-gentamicin b) is a novel broad-spectrum aminoglycoside which possesses a high level of stability to aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes and low levels of toxicity to the kidney and inner ear. the only modifying enzymes capable of inactivating isepamicin are ant(4')-i (staphylococci), ant(4')-ii and aph(3')-vi, in addition to resistance mediated by permeability mutations. the spectrum of isepamicin is most similar to that of amikacin, another aminoglycos ... | 1995 | 8622113 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an unusual cause of biliary sepsis. | we report three cases of cholangitis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and review two other cases reported in the literature. all five episodes occurred in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy complicated by biliary tract obstruction. all five episodes occurred in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy complicated by biliary tract obstruction. all patients had undergone biliary tract instrumentation. before infection developed, four of the five patients had received therapy with antibioti ... | 1995 | 8645796 |
| sensitivity of l-2 type beta-lactamases from stenotrophomonas maltophilia to serine active site beta-lactamase inhibitors. | | 1996 | 8707755 |
| structure of the o3 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | the o antigen isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a strain of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o3 was found to contain 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, d-fucose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. by means of chemical degradations and nmr spectroscopy the repeating unit of the o-specific polymer was determined to be a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown. | 1996 | 8721742 |
| in vitro activity of the tricyclic beta-lactam gv104326. | gv104326 is a novel tricyclic beta-lactam (a trinem or, formerly, tribactam). the in vitro activity of gv104326 was compared with those of cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefpirome, and ciprofloxacin. gv104326 had in vitro activity generally similar to that of cefixime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [mic90], < or = 2 micrograms/ml), with cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being 8- to 32-fold ... | 1996 | 8723475 |
| [kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase]. | nosocomial infections encountered in intensive care units are frequently due to gram negative bacilli among which stenotrophomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter sp., and enterobacter sp. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the new broad spectrum cephalosporins cefepime (fep) and cefpirome (cpo) alone or in combination with amikacin (akn), gentamicin (gtn) or ciprofloxacin (cip) against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobac ... | 1996 | 8758478 |
| [antibacterial activity of sulopenem, a new parenteral penem antibiotic]. | sulopenem, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with other antibiotics with regard to in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activities, stabilization against beta-lactamases, and effect on the release of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. the results are summarized as follows. 1. sulopenem showed more potent activities than other antibiotics against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. sulopenem showed potent bactericidal activities (mic/ ... | 1996 | 8786625 |
| survey of antimicrobial activity of four commonly used third generation cephalosporins tested against recent bacterial isolates from ten american medical centers, and assessment of disk diffusion test performance. ast surveillance group. | over 2,000 clinical isolates from ten american medical centers were tested for susceptibility to cefotaxine, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and ceftazidime by both broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. typically resistant (e.g. enterococci) and highly susceptible (e.g. streptococci) isolates showed no change in susceptibility patterns compared to previous surveys. pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibited significant decreases in susceptibility to these cephalosporin ... | 1996 | 8831036 |
| septic prepatellar bursitis caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | | 1996 | 8838214 |
| [utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria]. | detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ... | 1995 | 8850133 |
| mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. | infectious complications are major contributing factors to morbidity and mortality in the icu setting. organisms frequently encountered in the icu include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae (particularly in trauma victims), enterococci, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., acinetobacter baumanii, escherichia coli, and stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. antibiotics have played a major role in the treatment of infections caused by such bacterial pat ... | 1996 | 8856749 |
| a new selective differential medium for isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a new selective differential medium for the isolation of stenotrophomonas (formerly xanthomonas) maltophilia was developed. the medium, via agar, contained vancomycin, imipenem, and amphotericin b as selective agents and incorporated a mannitol/bromothymol blue indicator system. compared with xanthomonas maltophilia selective medium (xmsm), via agar was less inhibitory to stenotrophomonas maltophilia and was more selective than xmsm in preventing the growth of unwanted bacteria from contaminated ... | 1996 | 8874082 |
| bacteremia due to glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in patients with hematological neoplasias and solid tumors. | twenty-six patients with hematological or solid tumors who developed bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 10), pseudomonas putida (n = 6), sphingomonas paucimobilis complex (n = 4) or alcaligenes xylosoxidans (n = 6) in the period between 1993 and 1995 were studied. seventeen patients were neutropenic during the infection, and 13 were undergoing bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. twenty-three patients had catheter-related infections; only 3 of the 26 pat ... | 1996 | 8874083 |
| use of random amplified polymorphic dna for epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | we used the technique of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) to type 130 isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia, using four arbitrary short primers. of the 130 isolates, 51 were from the hospital environment, 48 from clinical specimens and 31 were geographically diverse environmental isolates. dna amplification with the four sets of primers generated 112 rapd patterns that differed by two or more bands in one of the four primers. sixteen pairs of isolates were of the s ... | 1996 | 8904371 |
| inhibition of growth of fungi pathogenic to man by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | ten strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested by a cross-streaking method for in-vitro inhibition of 10 strains of fungi known to infect man; these were candida krusei, c. keyfr, c. guillermondii, c. tropicalis, c. lusitaniae, c. parapsilosis, c. pseudotropicalis, c. albicans, c. glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus. significant inhibition of fungal growth was observed with all 10 strains of s. maltophilia, but not with escherichia coli nctc 10418, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571 and hae ... | 1996 | 8918956 |
| [simultaneous isolation of mrsa and pseudomonas aeruginosa using a novel selective and differential pmac agar]. | pmac agar, a novel, selective and differential medium has been developed and was subjected for evaluation of its selective and differential capability of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa from other bacteria such as bacillus, micrococcus, gram-negative bacteria and drug resistant ones. growth of mrsa and p. aeruginosa on pmac agar was facilitated and their colonies were easily differentiated. colonies of mrsa after 24 approximately 48 h incubation at 3 ... | 1996 | 8921677 |
| investigation of a multiyear multiple critical care unit outbreak due to relatively drug-sensitive acinetobacter baumannii: risk factors and attributable mortality. | from 1990 to 1993, an outbreak of respiratory acinetobacter baumannii infection occurred in five intensive care units (icus) of a tertiary care center. a. baumannii was subsequently isolated from disinfected temperature probes and ventilator circuits. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that a single strain accounted for 93% of patient isolates and 88% of environmental isolates. univariate risk factors for a. baumannii acquisition were tracheostomy (p < .01), ventilation >3 days (p < .01) ... | 1996 | 8940219 |
| home-use nebulizers: a potential primary source of burkholderia cepacia and other colistin-resistant, gram-negative bacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis. | inhalation of aerosols contaminated with gram-negative bacteria generated from home-use nebulizers used by cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may be a primary route for bacterial colonization of the lung. burkholderia cepacia was isolated from 3 of [corrected] 35 home-use nebulizers, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from 4 of 35 home-use nebulizers. sputum cultures for two patients whose nebulizers were contaminated with b. cepacia did not yield the organism. however, dna macrorestrictio ... | 1996 | 8904419 |
| use of sterile compared with tap water in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. | because of the concern for infection risk, use of sterile water has been recommended in the water bottle for endoscopic equipment, although studies evaluating prevalence of contamination of the water bottle with clinical outcomes have not been performed. | 1996 | 8902118 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. its activity against mycobacteria and chlamydia was also investigated. bay 12-8039 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of strains tested were inhibited [mic90s] < or = 1 microgram/ml, except for serratia spp. mic ... | 1997 | 8980763 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia in cancer patients: report on 31 cases. | | 1996 | 8880554 |
| clinical features of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. | between january 1988 and december 1992, 68 patients admitted to our department of internal medicine with haematological malignancies or solid tumours showed colonization of the respiratory tract with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. to characterize the significance of respiratory tract colonization by s. maltophilia, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 68 patients colonized with this organism. twenty-nine of these 68 patients developed pneumonia, with s. maltophilia being implica ... | 1996 | 8857324 |
| stenotrophomonas africana sp. nov., an opportunistic human pathogen in africa. | a gram-negative bacterium was isolated from a cerebrospinal fluid sample from an hiv-seropositive rwandan refugee with primary meningoencephalitis. this marseille-goma sample b isolate, strain mgbt (t = type strain), was found to exhibit evolutionary homology with stenotrophomonas maltophilia, as determined by a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, and this finding was reflected by similar phenotypic traits. mgbt could, however, be distinguished from the s. maltophilia type strain by using a number ... | 1997 | 8995819 |
| bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes. | we identified 91 cases of bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in a prospective, multicenter observational study. the patients were highly compromised; the majority had an underlying malignancy, had received immunosuppressive therapy, and had indwelling venous catheters. although 94% of patients received an antimicrobial agent to which the blood isolate was susceptible, the mortality among these patients 14 days after the onset of bacteremia was 21%. mortality was signifi ... | 1996 | 8852971 |
| susceptibilities of non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem. | agar dilution mics of 10 agents against 410 non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. mics at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; d-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 ... | 1996 | 8851609 |
| in vitro activity and spectrum of ly333328, a novel glycopeptide derivative. | reference methods were used to determine the potency of ly333328, a semisynthetic glycopeptide derivative with a key n-alkylation substitution, against 833 strains (393 gram-positive strains and representative gram-negative bacilli) with various defined resistance mechanisms. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (in micrograms per milliliter) of ly333328 and the percentages of strains at < or = 8 micrograms/ml were as follows: for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aure ... | 1997 | 9021216 |
| adhesion of the positively charged bacterium stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia 70401 to glass and teflon. | medical implants are often colonized by bacteria which may cause severe infections. the initial step in the colonization, the adhesion of bacteria to the artificial solid surface, is governed mainly by long-range van der waals and electrostatic interactions between the solid surface and the bacterial cell. while van der waals forces are generally attractive, the usually negative charge of bacteria and solid surfaces leads to electrostatic repulsion. we report here on the adhesion of a clinical i ... | 1996 | 8808938 |
| [determination of serum aminoglycoside and vancomycin concentrations by the microbiological method in the presence of other antimicrobials]. | the determination of serum concentrations of antimicrobials with a narrow therapeutic range by microbiological method requires some modifications when the patient is under combined antimicrobial therapy. the methodological conditions for the appraisal of aminoglycosides and vancomycin in the presence of other drugs were evaluated by using strains with selective sensitivity to the antimicrobial to be tested or by the adding crude extracts of beta-lactamases for the inactivation of the beta-lactam ... | 1996 | 9026822 |
| role of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics in the emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients. | a retrospective case-control study of 12 patients positive for stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 24 age-sex-matched controls revealed that in the year prior to initial isolation, colonised patients spent more days in hospital and received more days of oral ciprofloxacin, intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and nebulised aminoglycosides. they were also more likely to have grown pseudomonas aeruginosa at some time in the past, despite there being no difference in current chronic infection wit ... | 1996 | 8793400 |
| [molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated in a department of hematology]. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen. the increased isolates of s. maltophilia among hematology unit patients led to an epidemiological survey. over 26 months, 24 strains isolated from 23 patients and an environmental isolate from blood pressure armband have been identified. the isolated were first analysed by the use of phenotypical markers: biotype, antibiotic susceptibility, but the minor differences observed justified a genotypic analysis. pulsed field gel electro ... | 1996 | 8758490 |
| evaluation of the dna fingerprinting method aflp as an new tool in bacterial taxonomy. | we investigated the usefulness of a novel dna fingerprinting technique, aflp, which is based on the selective amplification of genomic restriction fragments by pcr, to differentiate bacterial strains at the subgeneric level. in totals, 147 bacterial strains were subjected to aflp fingerprinting: 36 xanthomonas strains, including 23 pathovars of xanthomonas axonopodis and six pathovars of xanthomonas vasicola, one strain of stenotrophomonas, 90 genotypically characterized strains comprising all 1 ... | 1996 | 8757752 |
| the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem. | the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem, was studied in comparison with other beta-lactam antimicrobials against 711 recent clinical isolates including gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. mic data showed that faropenem was active against most members of the enterobacteriaceae (mics < or = 4 mg/l), with reduced activity against serratia spp. (mic90 = 32 mg/l). in common with its comparators, faropenem had weak activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotropho ... | 1997 | 9044026 |
| in-vitro pharmacodynamic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. | six isolates each of enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp., serratia spp., acinetobacter spp. and enterobacter spp. (total 60 strains) were studied against the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam plus gentamicin or ciprofloxacin at physiological concentrations by the microtitre chequerboard method incorporating simultaneous time-kill curves. tazobactam was fixed at ... | 1997 | 9044028 |
| effect of bacteria on survival and growth of acanthamoeba castellanii. | the growth and survival of acanthamoeba castellanii in the presence of gram-negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia varied with the densities and species of bacteria. all species of bacteria suspended in a buffered saline at densities of 10(5) to 10(6)/ml supported the growth and survival of 10(6)/ml trophozoites of acanthamoeba castellanii in a buffered saline solution. at densities of bacteria to amoebae of 100:1 ... | 1997 | 9058539 |
| stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is emerging as a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. in general, the organism is opportunistic, colonizing or infecting patients with predisposing risk factors such intensive care unit residence, malignancy, mechanical ventilation, and previous antibiotic exposure. it can cause a variety of infections depending on underlying patient-specific medical conditions. it is often part of multimicrobial infections, and determining its role as a pathogen is ... | 1997 | 9085321 |
| sensitivity of aeromonas hydrophila carbapenemase to delta3-cephems: comparative study with other metallo-beta-lactamases. | ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone s-oxide behaved as inactivators against the metallo-beta-lactamase of aeromonas hydrophila ae036 and as substrates for the zinc beta-lactamase produced by bacillus cereus (569/h/9) and stenotrophomonas maltophilia ula 511. moreover, ro 09-1428, a catechol-cephalosporin, was not recognized by the a. hydrophila enzyme. panipenem, cephalosporin c, cephalosporin c-gamma-lactone, and loracarbef were substrates for the three studied beta-lactamases. | 1997 | 9087509 |
| structure of the o2 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | an o antigenic polymer containing l-rhamnose, d-mannose, and l-xylose was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide present in the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o2, by mild acid hydrolysis and gel-permeation chromatography. by means of nmr spectroscopy and chemical degradations, the polysaccharide was found to be based on a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown. [formula: see text]. | 1997 | 9090815 |
| a reappraisal of the diversity and class distribution of aspartate transcarbamoylases in gram-negative bacteria. | recently, the subunit composition of class a aspartate transcarbamoylases (atcases) in fluorescent pseudomonads has been clarified. we present evidence that distribution of this type of atcase may be more widespread than at first suspected. bacterial atcases exist in three forms: class a (molecular mass approximately 450-500 kda); class b, typified by escherichia coli atcase (approximately 300 kda); and class c, typified by bacillus subtilis atcase (approximately 100 kda). using gradient gel ele ... | 1996 | 8757751 |
| in vitro activities of quinolones, beta-lactams, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. | from 1991 to 1995, 8,975 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli were isolated from patients at the ohio state university medical center: 71% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14% stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 7.6% acinetobacter baumannii, and < 2% each of 25 other species. the mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219), ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, imipenem, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) were ... | 1996 | 8726011 |
| temperature-dependent aminoglycoside resistance in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia; alterations in protein and lipopolysaccharide with growth temperature. | clinical strains of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia often show large, growth temperature-dependent, variations in their susceptibility (tdvs) to aminoglycoside antibiotics. strains showing more than a fourfold increase in susceptibility between 30 degrees and 37 degrees c (tdvs+ strains; n = 23) were contrasted with those showing lesser variation (tdvs- strains; n = 15) in studies of growth temperature-dependent variation in protein and cell-wall lipopolysaccharide (lps) electrophores ... | 1996 | 8722532 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 124 xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) isolates: comparison of the agar dilution method with the e-test and two agar diffusion methods. | the in vitro susceptibility of 124 xanthomonas maltophilia isolates was tested by four methods: agar dilution (reference method), e-test, a disk diffusion and a tablet diffusion method. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity against x. maltophilia, followed by a combination of aztreonam-clavulanic acid at different ratios, the ratio 1:1 being the most active with a susceptibility rate of 85% as compared to 2% for aztreonam alone. addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobacta ... | 1996 | 8619912 |
| in vitro activities of antimicrobial combinations against stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is inherently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. in order to investigate the in vitro potential of combinations of antimicrobial agents, we obtained 230 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates from seven hospitals across canada and from northwestern memorial hospital in chicago. ticarcillin-clavulanate combined with ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were assayed for synergy against 31 ticarcillin-resistant strains of s. malto ... | 1995 | 8619571 |
| the activity of the methylpiperazinyl fluoroquinolone cg 5501: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones. | the in-vitro activity of cg 5501 against a wide range of recent clinical isolates was compared with that of three fluoroquinolones. cg 5501 inhibited 90% of the species of the family enterobacteriaceae at 0.5 mg/l or less, exceptions being enterobacter spp. (mic90 2 mg/l) and serratia spp. (mic90 4 mg/l). ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited by 16, 4 and 1 mg/l respectively. cg 5501 had high activity against gram-positive c ... | 1997 | 9145816 |
| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| multiple antibiotic resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a cryptic multidrug resistance (mdr) system in stenotrophomonas maltophilia, the expression of which is selectable by tetracycline, is described. tetracycline resistance was the consequence of active efflux of the antibiotic, and it was associated with resistance to quinolones and chloramphenicol, but not to aminoglycosides or beta-lactam antibiotics. mdr is linked to the expression of an outer membrane protein (omp54) both in a model system and in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. | 1997 | 9145884 |
| risk factors associated with isolation of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in clinical specimens. | to determine risk factors for patients whose cultures grew stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | 1997 | 9154473 |
| comparison of axenic and monoxenic media for isolation of acanthamoeba. | acanthamoeba is a genus of ubiquitous, free-living amebae that can be difficult to isolate by standard microbiologic techniques. we retrospectively reviewed the laboratory records of patients with ocular acanthamoebic infection for the period from january 1973 to june 1996 and found that acanthamoeba isolates were recovered from 73, 71, and 70% of clinical specimens inoculated onto buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (bcye), nonnutrient agar with live or dead escherichia coli, and tryptic soy a ... | 1997 | 9157153 |
| growth temperature-dependent variation of cell envelope lipids and antibiotic susceptibility in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia showed growth temperature-dependent variation in susceptibility (tdvs) to aminoglycoside antibiotics between 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c, but little or no tdvs effect for polymixin b, colistin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and piperacillin. when phenylethanol was added at sub-inhibitory concentrations, the tdvs effect was eliminated. gas liquid chromatography showed that 13-methyl tetradecanoate (i-15;0), was the predominant fatty ... | 1995 | 8522461 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| diversity of nosocomial xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) as determined by ribotyping. | seventy-seven clinical isolates of xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were consecutively collected from the rigshospitalet, copenhagen, ribotyped and compared with the ribotypes of 25 other clinical and reference strains of xanthomonas maltophilia. using restriction enzyme ecori, 20 different ribotypes were observed, with 78 isolates displaying the five most common types. using another enzyme, bamhi, these 78 isolates were further subdivided into 16 different ribotypes. three ... | 1995 | 7758481 |
| comparison of treatment with imipenem vs. ceftazidime as a predisposing factor for nosocomial acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a historical cohort study. | imipenem is considered to confer greater risk for the acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia than are other beta-lactam antibiotics. we conducted a historical cohort study to directly compare the risks of s. maltophilia acquisition in patients treated with imipenem vs. ceftazidime during a 2-year period; 843 hospitalizations of 759 patients treated with ceftazidime (465 hospitalizations), imipenem (294), or both agents (84) were included. acquisition, as measured by clinical detection, occu ... | 1997 | 9195070 |
| comparison of e test and agar dilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | currently recommended dilution test methods for the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia are labor-intensive and often impractical in many clinical laboratories. we compared the e test with the agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of 176 clinical isolates of s. maltophilia against 16 antimicrobial agents. the mics obtained by e test correlated well with those determined by the agar dilution method, with an overall agreement of 94% ... | 1995 | 7615774 |
| the emergence of epidemic, multiple-antibiotic-resistant stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia and burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised cancer patients and transplant recipients. s. maltophilia has been documented as a cause of bacteraemia, infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, meningitis, serious wound infections, mastoiditis, epididymitis, conjunctivitis and endocarditis. the reservoir of s. maltophilia and the mechanisms by which it is transmitted, remain largely unknown. risk analysis has shown ... | 1995 | 7560984 |
| molecular typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by dna macrorestriction analysis and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant, nosocomial pathogen for which optimal typing methods in epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial outbreaks have not been defined. we compared dna macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis by arbitrarily primed pcr for molecular typing of 109 multidrug-resistant strains of s. maltophilia from multiple outbreaks at our institution over a 10-month p ... | 1995 | 7559978 |
| the in-vitro activity of cp 99,219, a new naphthyridone antimicrobial agent: a comparison with fluoroquinolone agents. | the in-vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, cp 99,219 was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, du 6859, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin. cp 99,219 showed generally similar in-vitro activity to the other compounds tested against the enterobacteriaceae (mic90 of all agents < 0.5 mg/l except morganella morganii). it was found to be more active than ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin against the strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus tested (mic90 1 mg/l). cp 99,219 was found to be four- ... | 1995 | 7559198 |
| subcutaneous lesions and bacteraemia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia in three leukaemic patients with neutropenia. | subcutaneous lesions were seen in three of 13 neutropenia patients who had stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia bacteraemia. the characteristic clinical presentation resembled leukaemic infiltrates, and were different from deep ulcers or subcutaneous nodules caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. the three patients had acute leukaemia and were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy. all had previously been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and each patient recovered after proper ... | 1997 | 9217834 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against clinical bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. | the antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and norfloxacin against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. in general, the activity of trovafloxacin was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin against most gram-negative isolates tested (minor differences in the activity of each agent against individual species were seen) and it was the most active agent tested against stenotrophomonas ... | 1997 | 9222065 |
| antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin against nosocomial gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. | a total of 1132 clinical isolates from 952 patients with nosocomial infections were tested against the fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin by the agar dilution method. they comprised 285 staphylococci, 111 streptococci, 94 enterococci and 470 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 92 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27 stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 28 haemophilus influenzae and 25 acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, beta-lactam and ... | 1997 | 9222067 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| 16s rrna gene sequence analyses and inter- and intrageneric relationships of xanthomonas species and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the nearly complete, pcr-amplified, 16s rrna gene sequences have been determined from the representative type strains of eight xanthomonad phena, including six validly described species of the genus xanthomonas and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the xanthomonads comprise a monophyletic lineage-within the gamma-subclass of the proteobacteria. although the genus xanthomonas was observed to comprise a cluster of very closely r ... | 1997 | 9228747 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of ru-59863, a c-7 catechol substituted cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of ru-59863, a so-called "fifth generation" catechol cephalosporin, was evaluated against 606 bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. ru-59863 demonstrated a broad spectrum of inhibition and superior overall activity than comparators when tested against enterobacteriaciae (mic90s, 0.015 to 2 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic90, 0.25 microgram/ml ... | 1997 | 9239501 |
| temperature-dependent resistance to gentamicin in graft keratitis by stenotrophomonas (xanthamonas) maltophilia. | | 1997 | 9246293 |
| susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to carbapenems. | the susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem was investigated by various methods. s. maltophilia appeared sensitive to meropenem but resistant to imipenem by disc testing in iso-sensitest agar. agar dilution mics were performed using iso-sensitest agar and with incubation under three sets of atmospheric conditions. mics of meropenem were considerably lower than those of imipenem; this effect was maximal after incubation in 5 ... | 1997 | 9249199 |
| structure of the o10 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | a polysaccharide containing l-rhamnose and l-xylose was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia serogroup o10. by means of nmr studies and methylation analysis, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched tetrasaccharide of the structure shown. [formula: see text] | 1995 | 7535190 |
| structure of the o6 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | a polysaccharide containing d-xylose, l-rhamnose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine was released on mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide extracted from defatted cell walls of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia strain 557, the reference strain for serotype o6. by means of nmr spectroscopy and chemical degradations, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched trisaccharide with the structure shown. [formula: see text] | 1995 | 7497479 |
| cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases. | cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ... | 1997 | 9311838 |
| [bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophila]. | | 1997 | 9312285 |
| molecular epidemiology of acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nonoutbreak setting. | we prospectively studied the acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli (caz-rgn) in two surgical intensive care units (sicu) during a nonoutbreak period. surveillance cultures were obtained from patients at the time of admission and serially thereafter. caz-rgn isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three hundred and forty-three patients were enrolled from whom 1,621 baseline and follow-up cultures were obtained. the most common species isolated from pat ... | 1997 | 9316915 |
| sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from xylella fastidiosa. | a cryptic plasmid from xylella fastidiosa strain atcc 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into genbank (u71220). the plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% gc content and three open reading frames. a plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of x. fastidiosa, atcc 35878. searches of the genbank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pnkh43 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and amino acid sequence homology with phage pf3 from pseudomona ... | 1997 | 9351204 |
| bacteremia and fungemia occurring during antimicrobial prophylaxis with ofloxacin in cancer patients: risk factors, etiology and outcome. | the authors analyzed 27 breakthrough bacteremias occurring during ofloxacin prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenia over 7 years in 9989 admissions and 979 bacteremic and fungemic episodes in a national cancer center in bratislava, slovak republic. the most frequently isolated organisms in breakthrough bacteremias were gram-positive (71.3%), mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (41.3%), enterococci (9.2%) and corynebacteria (9.2%), followed by gram-negative rods-pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2%) and ... | 1996 | 8957720 |
| transferable antibiotic resistance in nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (298/85) was isolated from the extensively inflamed conjunctiva of a neonate in a regional hospital in ostrava, czech republic. it was resistant to all available antibiotics except cefepime and trimethoprim. the donor s. maltophilia strain 298/85 transferred carbenicillin and cephaloridine resistance determinants to recipient strains of escherichia coli k-12 3110 rif+ and proteus mirabilis p-38 rif+. all transconjugant colonies were co-resistant also to kanamycin, ce ... | 1997 | 9401804 |
| antimicrobial activity of 12 broad-spectrum agents tested against 270 nosocomial blood stream infection isolates caused by non-enteric gram-negative bacilli: occurrence of resistance, molecular epidemiology, and screening for metallo-enzymes. | a total of 270 recent nosocomial blood stream isolates of non-enterobacteriaceae gram-negative bacilli representing nearly 50 u.s. medical centers were characterized. the numbers of isolates of individual organisms were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 204), acinetobacter spp. (n = 48), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 18). mics were determined using the broth microdilution susceptibility method with 12 antimicrobial agents: piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefep ... | 1997 | 9401811 |
| endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: case report and review. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is a rare cause of endocarditis. the extensive resistance of this organism to several antibiotics leaves few options for antimicrobial therapy. in vitro synergism of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (tic/ca) has been demonstrated. to our knowledge, we report the first case of ventriculoatrial cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated endocarditis due to s. maltophilia. the patient was cured with combi ... | 1996 | 8953069 |
| structure of the o20 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | the o-antigen polymer recovered from the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o20, by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, was found to contain d-rhamnose and d-mannose. by means of chemical degradations and nmr studies, the repeating-unit of the polymer was deduced to be a linear tetrasaccharide with the structure shown. -->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rh ap-(1-->2)-alpha-d- rhap-(1-->. | 1996 | 8962488 |
| [meropenem: microbiologic perspective]. | meropenem is a beta-lactamic carbapenem derived from thienamycin and is structurally characterized by the presence of a beta-methyl group in position c1 which confers stability to the molecule versus renal dehydropeptidase 1 (dhp-1), thereby making the coadministration of an enzyme inhibitor unnecessary. its esterochemical configuration of the lateral chain in c2 (dimethyl carbomoilpyrrolidenethium) increases the activity versus gram negative bacteria (enterobacteria and pseudomonas) and moreove ... | 1997 | 9410064 |
| [the role of carbapenems in the treatment of nosocomial infection]. | carbapenems are active beta-lactam antibiotics versus most of the gram positive and gram negative microorganisms and anaerobes although their activity is lacking in the case of staphylococcus sp. resistant to methicillin, enterococcus faecium and streptococcus pneumoniae with high resistance to penicillin and some gram negative bacilli which naturally produce an methaloenzyme able to hydrolyze them such as stenotrophomonas maltophilia. imipenem, the first synthetized carbapenem requires administ ... | 1997 | 9410075 |
| inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamases by a series of mercaptoacetic acid thiol ester derivatives. | a series of mercaptoacetic acid thiol esters have been identified as metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors. electrospray mass spectrometry (esms) has shown that irreversible inhibition of the bacillus cereus ii metallo-beta-lactamase by sb214751, sb214752, and sb213079 was concomitant with a 90-da increase in mass of the enzyme. tryptic digestion of the b. cereus ii inhibited with sb214751 illustrated that the peptide fragment, containing the only cysteine of the enzyme, had undergone a mass increme ... | 1997 | 8980769 |
| maltophilin: a new antifungal compound produced by stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089. | strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089, isolated from the rhizosphere of rape plants (brassica napus l.), produced a novel antifungal compound, named maltophilin, which inhibited the growth of various saprophytic, human-pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi but was inactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. maltophilin is a novel macrocyclic lactam antibiotic with a molecular mass of 510 mu. the compound was isolated from the culture filtrate by ethyl acetate extraction and ... | 1996 | 8982338 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a novel oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. this compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite r-95867. the antibacterial activity of r-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. r-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. its activity was superior t ... | 1997 | 9420035 |
| molecular epidemiology of burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a cystic fibrosis center. | burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans have been isolated with increasing frequency from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis in a pediatric hospital. in 1994-95, 27 of 120 patients were persistently colonized, 17 with burkholderia cepacia, eight with alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and five with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. genotyping of 220 clinical isolates revealed that most of the burkholderia cepacia strains were clonally related, suggesting eith ... | 1996 | 8997562 |
| microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. management of s. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. these difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as y ... | 1998 | 9457429 |