| the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review. | a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ... | 1977 | 336288 |
| incidence of aflatoxin-potential contamination in spanish sausages. | 525 strains of moulds were isolated from 8 samples of red pepper (capsicum annuum) and from 3 samples of black pepper (piper nigrum). these spices were commonly added to the various kinds of spanish sausages, specially to the spanish "chorizo". of these 525 isolated moulds, 100 belonged to the aspergillus flavus group. 69 were isolated from red pepper and 31 from black pepper. of these strains, 28 strains isolated from red pepper were found positive in producing aflatoxin b1 while only 8 of the ... | 1977 | 613913 |
| dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern. | a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ... | 1991 | 1777386 |
| use of digoxigenin-labelled probes for detection and host-range studies of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus. | we studied the host range of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) in some agronomically important tomato species. transmission tests with the natural vector bemisia tabaci from tomato to sweet pepper, eggplant, cucumber, melon, zucchini and spinach showed that these species did not develop symptoms and did not support viral replication. these species therefore do not constitutive a reservoir of the virus and can be cultivated as alternatives to tomato in the most affected areas. for host-range ... | 1991 | 1796214 |
| the effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. | the effect of feeding curcumin, capsaicin, ginger, mustard, black pepper and cumin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in rats. the activity of hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated in curcumin (turmeric), capsaicin (red pepper), ginger and mustard treated animals. the enzyme activity was comparable to controls in black pepper and cumin fed rats. serum and liver microsomal cholesterol contents were ... | 1991 | 1806542 |
| comparison of the effects of piperine administered intragastrically and intraperitoneally on the liver and liver mixed-function oxidases in rats. | piperine, a major pungent constituent of black and red peppers, was administered to rats intragastrically and intraperitoneally to study whether it alters the activities of hepatic mixed-function oxidases (mfo) and serum enzymes as specific markers of hepatotoxicity. an intragastric dose of 100 mg/kg of piperine to adult, male sprague-dawley rats caused an increase in hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 and cytochrome b5, nadph-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine n-demethylase, aminopyrine n-d ... | 1991 | 1893751 |
| spice allergy in celery-sensitive patients. | scratch tests (sct) with powdered commercial spices were performed in 70 patients with positive skin tests to birch and/or mugwort pollens and celery. positive sct to aniseed, fennel, coriander and cumin--all from the same botanical family (apiaceae) as celery--were observed in more than 24 patients. spices from unrelated families (red pepper, white pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon) elicited positive immediate skin test reactions only in three of 11 patients. specific serum ige to spices (determ ... | 1991 | 1957997 |
| inhibition by capsaicin of nadh-quinone oxidoreductases is correlated with the presence of energy-coupling site 1 in various organisms. | the nadh-ubiquinone reductase activity of the respiratory chains of several organisms was inhibited by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are the pungent principles of red pepper. this inhibition was correlated with the presence of an energy transducing site in this segment of the respiratory chain. where the nadh-quinone oxidoreductase segment involved an energy coupling site (e.g., in paracoccus denitrificans, escherichia coli, and thermus thermophilus hb-8 membranes and bovine heart mitoch ... | 1990 | 2118334 |
| effect of unilateral vagotomy on capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in the trachea of rats. | this study reports the effect of unilateral vagotomy on neurogenic inflammation in the trachea. neurogenic inflammation was produced in the trachea of vagotomized rats by a venous injection of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red pepper. monastral blue was used as tracer dye to label the affected blood vessels. vagus nerves and tracheal tissues were processed for light and electron microscopy. the damaged right vagus nerve was found to have degenerated. however, unilateral vagotomy did not c ... | 1990 | 2213967 |
| the dual function of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the bladder and urethra. | the sensory innervation of the urinary bladder and urethra plays a key role in a variety of reflexes involved in urine storage and voiding. dysfunction of these systems is a possible cause of many disturbances related to urine continence but basic knowledge in this field has been hampered by the lack of tools for studying sensory nerves. the use of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red peppers, allowed us to investigate the anatomical and functional properties of a specific subset of sensory ... | 1990 | 2226067 |
| effects of the substance p antagonist [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp on miosis caused by echothiophate iodide or pilocarpine hydrochloride. | the anticholinesterase agent echothiophate iodide (ei) and the cholinergic agent pilocarpine hydrochloride (pilocarpine), drugs commonly used in glaucoma therapy, cause miosis in rabbits as well as in man. in rabbits the miotic effect decreases after a few days of treatment, a phenomenon possibly due to a drug-induced decrease in the number of muscarinic receptors. however, the muscarinic pupillary contraction caused by stimulation of the retina with light is intact. in this investigation the mi ... | 1985 | 2412852 |
| resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper. | resiniferatoxin is an extremely irritant diterpene present in the latex of several members of the genus euphorbia. its mechanism of action has been shown to be clearly distinct from that of the structurally related phorbol esters. since resiniferatoxin possesses a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substituent, a key feature of capsaicin, the major pungent ingredient of plants of the genus capsicum, we examined the ability of resiniferatoxin to induce typical capsaicin responses. we report here that trea ... | 1989 | 2747924 |
| effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. | effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, were studied in experiments using male rats fed a diet containing 30% lard. capsaicin was supplemented at 0.014% of the diet. the level of serum triglyceride was lower when capsaicin was present in the diet than when it was not. levels of serum cholesterol and pre-beta-lipoprotein were not affected by the supplementation of capsaicin. the perirenal adipose tissue weight was lower when capsaicin was present in the diet than when it was ... | 1986 | 2875141 |
| spectrophotometric analysis of irradiated spices. | seven different spices (thyme, cinnamon, coriander, caraway, pimento, paprika, black pepper) were treated by gamma radiation at an absorbed dose of 10 kgy, and the effect on chemical quality was determined. the effects of this dose were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of some water-soluble constituents of spices (carbohydrates; carbonyl compounds) and on the content of water-insoluble steam-volatile oils. the colour of paprika and the content of piperine in pepper held in different packa ... | 1987 | 3040629 |
| effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. | spices have long been implicated as a cause of gastric mucosal injury. we assessed the effects of red and black pepper on the gastric mucosa using double-blind intragastric administration of test meals containing red pepper (0.1-1.5 g) or black pepper (1.5 g) to healthy human volunteers; aspirin (655 mg) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. serial gastric washes were performed after test meal administration and gastric contents were analyzed for dna, pep ... | 1987 | 3103424 |
| inhibition of calcium and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activity in rats by capsaicin. | capsaicin, reported to elevate hormone sensitive lipase (hsl), is also found to inhibit the ca++ and calmodulin-dependent camp phosphodiesterase (pde) activity in adipose tissue of rats, fed high fat diet. the dependence of the enzyme activity on ca++ and calmodulin in vitro, in control rats, is shown by its substantial lowering in the presence of egta and inhibition by trifluoperazine (tfp) (ic50 between 10-20 microm). this enzyme activity is also inhibited by both red pepper extract (80% inhib ... | 1987 | 3118870 |
| headaches and sinus disease: the endoscopic approach. | headaches can be of sinugenic origin even if this cause may not be suspected from the case history. endoscopy of the lateral nasal wall with rigid cold light endoscopes in combination with polytomography or computed tomography usually will reveal the underlying causes hidden from the unaided eye, the operating microscope, and standard x-ray examination. small lesions in the lesser cells of the ethmoid complex may give rise to headaches, especially when located in the key areas of the ethmoid inf ... | 1988 | 3140703 |
| study of the bacillus flora of nigerian spices. | bacteriological examination of 230 samples of five different unprocessed spices (aligator pepper, red pepper, black pepper, thyme and curry powder) collected randomly from port harcourt main markets revealed that the spices were highly contaminated, with bacterial counts ranging from 1.8 x 10(4) to 1.1 x 10(8) per gram. bacillus cereus was isolated in high numbers in the majority of the 230 samples examined. it was also observed that other bacillus spp. including b. subtilis, b. polymyxa and b. ... | 1988 | 3275301 |
| some pungent principles of spices cause the adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamine in anesthetized rats. | we recently reported that capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the rat adrenal medulla. in this study, the effects of some pungent principles of spices on adrenal catecholamine secretion were investigated as compared with that of capsaicin. an increase in catecholamine, especially epinephrine, secretion was observed not only on capsaicin infusion but also on piperine (a pungent principle of pepper) and zingerone (ginger) infusion. even on infusion ... | 1988 | 3375268 |
| simplified cleanup and gas chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in crops. | a simple and efficient cleanup method for gas chromatographic determination of 23 organophosphorus pesticides in crops including onion is described. the sample was extracted with acetone. the extract was purified with coagulating solution, which contained ammonium chloride and phosphoric acid, and then filtered by suction. the filtrate was diluted with nacl solution and reextracted with benzene. the organic layer was evaporated and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photomet ... | 1987 | 3610958 |
| capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats. | using a direct monitoring system for catecholamine (ca) secretion into the adrenal vein, we have demonstrated that capsaicin (cap) evokes ca secretion from the adrenal medulla of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. a significant increase in epinephrine (e) secretion was seen in rats infused with cap (200 micrograms/kg, i.v.) without a detectable lag after the infusion. norepinephrine (ne) secretion evoked by cap was fairly weak compared with e secretion. the secretion of e evoked by cap was dose-am ... | 1987 | 3814133 |
| co-carcinogenic effects of several korean foods on gastric cancer induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in rats. | in study i, 48 aci and fisher inbred rats were given mnng 100 micrograms/ml, with or without 1 per cent or 3 per cent red pepper diet; in study ii, 164 sprague-dawley rats given mnng 100 micrograms/ml, with or without 5 per cent or 10 per cent nacl; in study iii, 181 wistar rats given mnng 83 micrograms/ml with or without maejoo 10 gm per cent/diet; in study iv, 78 wistar rats given mnng 83 micrograms/ml with or without ginseng extract 150 micrograms/ml; in study v, 120 wistar rats given mnng 83 ... | 1985 | 3831496 |
| effect of spiced food on metabolic rate. | since the time of lavoisier it has been known that the ingestion of food in animals and man produces an increase in oxygen consumption. this increase in metabolic rate was originally called 'specific dynamic action' (sda) and is now widely referred to as the thermic effect (te) of food or diet-induced thermogenesis (dit) (rothwell & stock, 1981). much of the early work on the thermic effect was confined to the type and amount of food, notably the macronutrients--proteins, fats and carbohydrates. ... | 1986 | 3957721 |
| capsaicin pretreatment attenuates suppression of food intake by cholecystokinin. | capsaicin, the pungent principal in red pepper, has been shown to damage small-diameter peptide-containing sensory neurons. suppression of feeding by cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck op) was attenuated after systemic pretreatment with capsaicin. capsaicin pretreatment did not attenuate suppression of food intake by intragastric preloads. pretreatment of rats with microgram quantities of capsaicin injected into the fourth ventricle, near the sites of vagal afferent termination, also attenuated cc ... | 1985 | 3985191 |
| [antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment]. | this study was carried out to understand the antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment in boiling water. the samples included the core and the outer layers of onion, the white and the green parts of green onion, garlic bulb, ginger, ginger root, sweet pepper, chili pepper, brown pepper, and mustard. the test microorganisms included escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus ... | 1985 | 4064797 |
| irreversible impairment of thermoregulation induced by capsaicin and similar pungent substances in rats and guinea-pigs. | 1. in rats and guinea-pigs a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin, the substance responsible for the pungency of red pepper, produces profound hypothermia associated with skin vasodilatation.2. after large doses of capsaicin rats and guinea-pigs become insensitive to the hypothermic action of capsaicin. this densensitization is apparently irreversible since it is present months after the capsaicin treatment.3. capsaicin-desensitized animals are no longer able to protect themsel ... | 1970 | 5498502 |
| microflora of black and red pepper. | dilution cultures of 30 samples of ground black pepper yielded an average of 39,000 colonies of fungi per g, with a range of 1,700 to 310,000 per g. total numbers of colonies of bacteria from 11 samples averaged 194,000,000 per g, with a range from 8,300,000 to 704,000,000 per g. a variety of fungi grew from nearly all surface-disinfected whole peppercorns that were cultured. thirteen samples of ground red pepper from the united states yielded an average of 1,600 colonies of storage fungi per g ... | 1967 | 6035055 |
| capsaicin pretreatment prevents disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye. | capsaicin, the irritating agent of red pepper, produces ocular inflammation through a neurogenic mechanism. the present study is concerned with the long-term effects of capsaicin pretreatment on the capacity of the eye to respond to different inflammatory stimuli. following retrobulbar injection of capsaicin to rabbits the aqueous flare response induced by subsequent infrared irradiation (ir) of the iris, subcutaneously administered alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and exogenousl ... | 1983 | 6602116 |
| [effects of inflammation and stimulant diets on functions of autonomic nervous system (author's transl)]. | in usual medical consultation, we have been met a lot of female patients suffering from disturbances of autonomic nervous system such as headache, shoulder-ache and so on. experiments were designed to elucidate whether or not these disturbances of autonomic nervous system were induced by inflammation and accelerated by stimulant diets. functions of autonomic nervous system were examined by lipolysis in rat epididymal adipose tissue which was partly controlled by sympathetic nervous system. it wa ... | 1981 | 7246063 |
| the effects of capsaicin on intestinal sodium and fluid transport. | capsaicin, the pungent component of red pepper, was studied to determine its inhibitory effect on fluid and na+ absorption using rat and hamster everted jejunal sacs. at a mucosal concentration of 140 mg% incubated for 60 min, capsaicin reduced the fluid transport into the serosal side by 14.8% in rat and 23.9% in hamster. similarly, na+ transport was also inhibited by 12.5% and 26.2% in rat and hamster, respectively. such decrease in serosal sodium coincided with the increase in na+ content of ... | 1980 | 7277177 |
| hypocholesterolemic effect of red pepper & capsaicin. | | 1980 | 7461749 |
| clastogenicity of red pepper (capsicum frutescens l.) extracts. | extracts from the fruits of capsicum frutescens l. were tested for their clastogenicity using the mouse-bone-marrow micronucleus (mouse-mn) assay. results of the mouse-mn, an in vivo method, indicated that the isolate cf-1 is clastogenic at the maximum tolerated dose of 1.22 mg/kg mouse. statistical analysis using the wilcoxon two-sample test showed that the null hypothesis, mu tetracycline = mucf-1, is acceptable at 0.05 and 0.01 degrees of significance. hence, the clastogenicity of cf-1 is sta ... | 1994 | 7510827 |
| identification of a plastid protein involved in vesicle fusion and/or membrane protein translocation. | structural evidence has accumulated suggesting that fusion and/or translocation factors are involved in plastid membrane biogenesis. to test this hypothesis, we have developed an in vitro system in which the extent of fusion and/or translocation is monitored by the conversion of the xanthophyll epoxide (antheraxanthin) into the red ketocarotenoid (capsanthin). only chromoplast membrane vesicles from red pepper fruits (capsicum annuum) contain the required enzyme. vesicles prepared from the mutan ... | 1995 | 7777561 |
| role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages. | reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by activated macrophages play an important role in the initiation of inflammation. ten different spice principles, some of which with known anti-inflammatory properties, were tested for their effect on generation of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and nitrite radical generation by activated rat peritoneal macrophages. preincubation of macrophages with 10 microm capsaicin (from red pepper) or 10 microm curcumin (from turmeric) completely inhibited the ... | 1994 | 7981240 |
| fermentation and sensory characteristics of kimchi containing potassium chloride as a partial replacement for sodium chloride. | a study was designed to determine the effects of substituting up to 50% of the nacl in kimchi, a fermented chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) product containing scallions, garlic, ginger and hot red pepper powder, with kcl. brine water (15% salt) used to soak cabbage contained nacl:kcl ratios of 1:0 (control), 5:1, 2:1 and 1:1 (wt:wt). total acidity and ph of kimchi reached acceptable ranges of 0.4-0.6% (as lactic acid) and 4.4-4.7, respectively, after 13 days of incubation at 13 +/- 1 degree ... | 1994 | 8043352 |
| a rapid capsaicin-activated current in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. | a subpopulation of pain fibers are activated by capsaicin, the ingredient in red peppers that produces a burning sensation when eaten or placed on skin. previous studies on dorsal root ganglion neurons indicated that capsaicin activates sensory nerves via a single slowly activating and inactivating inward current. in rat trigeminal neurons, we identified a second capsaicin-activated inward current. this current can be distinguished from the slow one in that it rapidly activates and inactivates, ... | 1994 | 8290592 |
| major fruit and vegetable contributors to the main serum carotenoids in the spanish diet. | to identify the main sources of serum carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) among the fruits and vegetables in the spanish diet, to be used in the design of food questionnaires and to provide useful information for epidemiological and comparative studies. | 1996 | 8730612 |
| capsaicin does not inhibit the intracellular calcium handling process in rat ventricular papillary muscle. | 1. we studied the effects of capsaicin, a pungent agent extracted from red pepper, on rested-state contraction (rsc) of isolated rat ventricular papillary muscles. 2. the rsc was induced by stimulation, after a rest interval of 5 sec to 10 min, after the twitch tension of the muscle preparation stimulated at the regular stimulus frequency of cycle lengths of 5, 1 or 0.2 sec attained the steady state. 3. drug effects were evaluated on the rsc in the presence of capsaicin 10(-5) m, caffeine 10(-2) ... | 1996 | 8742504 |
| inhibition of contractile tension by capsaicin in isolated rat papillary muscle. | 1. we examined effects of capsaicin (10(-9) - 10(-5) m), a pungent agent extracted from red pepper, on the contractile tension of rat ventricular papillary muscles stimulated at various cycle lengths (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 sec). 2. capsaicin produced a marked concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude, the rate of rise (dp/dt) and the rate of relaxation (dr/dt) of the tension. 3. however, the half relaxation time and the time to peak tension of the tension were slightly affected by the age ... | 1996 | 8742509 |
| influence of sundrying on the chemical composition, aflatoxin content and fungal counts of two pepper varieties--capsicum annum and capsicum frutescens. | samples of sundried, matured red pepper, capsicum annum with a moisture content (mc) of 12.7-26.8 percent had on dry weight basis, vitamin c, 5.0-6.4 mg/100 g; crude protein, 0.8-1.2 percent; total soluble solids, 3.3-4.1 percent, and fungal counts of log 4.4-4.5/g. ordinary matured red c. annum had mc, 75.7-78.2 percent vitamin c, 36.1-38.5 mg/100 g; crude protein, 2.4-2.8 percent; total soluble solids, 9.3-9.9 percent and fungal count of log 3.32-3.39/g. sundried matured red c. frutescens had ... | 1996 | 8811723 |
| capsaicin or feeding with red peppers during gestation changes the thermonociceptive response of rat offspring. | capsaicin is responsible for the pungent sensation produced by red peppers on the body's mucous membranes. this substance is found naturally in the gender capsicum, widely used in the diet of different cultures in america, asia, and africa. in this paper we used the hot plate model (53 +/- 0.5 degrees c) to study the effect of acute thermonociceptive stimulus on escape response latency in the offspring of rats that were treated during gestation, either with an aqueous red pepper solution (capsic ... | 1996 | 8840903 |
| capsaicin in diet does not affect glycogen contents in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats before and after exercise. | effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, on glycogen contents in the liver and skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise were studied in rats. the contents of glycogen in the liver and soleus muscle, and the concentrations of serum glucose, lactate, free fatty acid and glycerol were examined. capsaicin was supplemented at 0.014% of the experimental diet. each group of rats was fed the capsaicin-diet ad libitum for 7 days, and then both groups of rats were fed isoenergetic d ... | 1996 | 8866261 |
| effect of capsianoside, a diterpene glycoside, on tight-junctional permeability. | previous work (hashimoto et al., (1994) biosci. biotech. biochem. 58, 1345) revealed that a sweet pepper extract enhanced the tight-junctional (tj) permeability of a human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayer. in the present study, the substance which modulated the tj permeability was chromatographically purified from the extract. the active substances were identified as capsianosides a-f, diterpene glycosides. treatment of the cells with capsianoside f, the most active compound, decreased the cellu ... | 1997 | 9042350 |
| presence of an acidic glycoprotein in the serum of arthritic rats: modulation by capsaicin and curcumin. | levels of various serum proteins were found to change in adjuvant induced arthritis. increased levels of a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 72 kda (gp a72) were observed in the sera of arthritic rats. gp a72 is an acidic glycoprotein with a pi of 5.1. gp a72 also showed antitryptic activity. the appearance of gp a72 in the serum preceded the onset of paw inflammation in arthritic rats and persisted in the chronic phase. oral administration of the antiinflammatory spice principle ... | 1997 | 9089639 |
| effects of capsaicin on chemically-induced two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a principal pungent ingredient of hot red peppers. there are some controversies with regard to its inherent tumorigenicity and mutagenicity. the present work was undertaken to assess tumor initiating and promotional effects of capsaicin in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. a single topical application of capsaicin (10 micromol) followed by twice-weekly applications of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate onto shaven backs of female ... | 1997 | 9103286 |
| [structural changes in the tissues of white rats after capsaicin administration]. | tissue structure of albino rat lung, skin and cornea changing after administration of capsaicin (neurotoxin isolated from red pepper) was studied using light and electron microscope. 5 mg/kg dose causes tissue swelling and microcirculatory bed reaction. 200 mg/kg dose leads to more significant dystrophic tissue alterations. fibrosclerosis signs were found in certain cases. microcirculatory disorders are proposed as the main reason for tissue structure alterations observed, although the mechanism ... | 1997 | 9244551 |
| resistance to tobamoviruses in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein gene of pepper mild mottle virus (korean isolate). | red pepper, one of the most important vegetable crops in korea, is severely affected by viral diseases causing 20-50% reduction in product yield. a pepper strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv-p) is the most common virus in red pepper. to study the molecular structure of the tmv-p virus, we generated cdna clones of the viral genome. partial sequencing of a few cdna clones revealed that tmv-p shares a 98% identity at the nucleotide level with the spanish isolate of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmv-s) ... | 1997 | 9264016 |
| antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. | the antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils was examined against two gram-negative (pseudomonas fluorescens and serratia liquefaciens) and four gram-positive (brochothrix thermosphacta, carnobacterium piscicola, lactobacillus curvatus, and lactobacillus sake) bacteria involved in meat spoilage. various amounts of each preservative were added to brain heart infusion or mrs (deman, rogosa and sharpe) agars, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for each ... | 1997 | 9310850 |
| effect of curcumin and capsaicin on arachidonic acid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages. | the inflammatory mediators secreted by macrophages play an important role in autoimmune diseases. spice components, such as curcumin from turmeric and capsaicin from red pepper, are shown to exhibit antiinflammatory properties. the influence of these spice components on arachidonic acid metabolism and secretion of lysosomal enzymes by macrophages was investigated. rat peritoneal macrophages preincubated with 10 microm curcumin or capsaicin for 1 h inhibited the incorporation of arachidonic acid ... | 1997 | 9397403 |
| recent advances in understanding of vanilloid receptors: a therapeutic target for treatment of pain and inflammation in skin. | c-fiber sensory afferent neurons, which contain neuropeptides such as calcitonin-gene related peptide and substance p, mediate a wide variety of physiologic responses, including chemogenic pain, thermoregulation, and neurogenic inflammation. capsaicin, the pungent constituent in red pepper, functions to activate and then, at higher doses and longer times, desensitize this class of neurons. this latter response provides the basis for the therapeutic application of capsaicin. a major advance in th ... | 1997 | 9487017 |
| in vitro antimutagenic and in vivo anticlastogenic effects of carotenoids and solvent extracts from fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids. | the water insoluble residues of some carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, such as apricots, oranges, brussels sprouts, carrots, yellow-red peppers, and tomatoes, were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and 2-propanol, and solvent extracted materials were tested for inhibition of mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin b1 (afb1), benzo[a]pyrene (bap), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq), and cyclophosphamide (cp) in histidine-deficient strains of salmonella typ ... | 1998 | 9639691 |
| effect of pepper and bismuth subsalicylate on gastric pain and surface hydrophobicity in the rat. | the mechanism by which dietary pepper causes dyspepsia and epigastric pain is poorly understood, as is the ability of bismuth subsalicylate (bss) to relieve these symptoms. | 1998 | 9663730 |
| chemoprotective properties of some pungent ingredients present in red pepper and ginger. | there has been a substantial body of data, supporting that dietary factors have a profound impact on prevention as well as etiology of human cancer. capsaicin has been tested by many investigators for its effects on experimental carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. data in the literature indicate that capsaicin has dual effects on carcinogenic and mutagenic processes. at present, there is no solid evidence that hot red and chili peppers or their principal pungent ingredient capsaicin are carcinogenic ... | 1998 | 9675305 |
| inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas hydrophila by plant extracts in refrigerated cooked beef. | refrigerated ready-to-eat foods are becoming increasingly popular but are often vulnerable to contamination and subsequent growth by psychrotrophic foodborne pathogens. consequently, there is a need for additional methods to assure the safety of these foods. beef slices prepared from roasted whole sirloin tips were used in the study. nine plant extracts were evaluated for ability to inhibit the growth of two psychrotrophic pathogens (aeromonas hydrophila and listeria monocytogenes) in refrigerat ... | 1998 | 9708301 |
| protective effects of fruits and vegetables against in vivo clastogenicity of cyclosphosphamide or benzo[a]pyrene in mice. | seven fruits and 10 vegetables commonly consumed in germany were investigated for their anticlastogenic potencies against cyclophosphamide (cp) and benzo[a]pyrene (bap) in the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. we detected protective effects in 76.5% and 70.6% of the samples, respectively, and more or less distinct quantitative differences between the various plant materials and the two clastogens investigated. with respect to cp, moderate activities were exerted by sweet cherries, st ... | 1998 | 9734714 |
| lack of tumor promoting activity of capsaicin, a principal pungent ingredient of red pepper, in mouse skin carcinogenesis. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the major pungent principle of hot peppers of the genus capsicum. there have been numerous investigations to evaluate the effects of capsaicin on experimental carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, but the results are discordant. in the present study, we have assessed the tumor promoting potential of capsaicin using a two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. repeated applications of capsaicin (10 mumol) onto the shaven backs of female icr mice fol ... | 1998 | 9891468 |
| [effect of green vegetable on digestive tract absorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in rats]. | the effect green vegetable on fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (pcdd) congeners and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (pcdf) congeners was examined in male rats. the rats were administered 10% vegetable diets or a basal diet containing 0.2 ml of the causal rice-bran oil of yusho that had occurred in the southwest part of japan in 1968 and kept on the same diet for five days. the fecal excretion of 2,3,7,8-t4cdd and 2,3,4,7,8-p5cdf in the group fed with komatsuna, mitsuba, spinach a ... | 1999 | 10396873 |
| modulation of intestinal functions by food substances. | the small intestinal epithelium plays a crucial role in the digestion/modification of food components, absorption of nutrients and recognition of food-derived signals. it also acts as a barrier against unfavourable materials in food. these intestinal functions may be influenced by food substances. in this paper, the effects of various food substances on the intestinal functions, particularly the absorption functions, are discussed. a new assay method, using a monolayer culture system of human in ... | 1999 | 10399347 |
| capsaicin induces cystatin s-like substances in submandibular saliva of the rat. | irritating dietary substances such as tannin and papain have been reported to alter the morphology of salivary glands and their secretions. such alterations can be one line of protection from toxic or irritating substances in food. we investigated the effects of dietary capsaicin (a pungent ingredient of hot red pepper) on the rat submandibular gland and its secretions. several groups of animals were offered either control diets or diets containing capsaicin (from 0.0001 to 0.1%) for seven days. ... | 1999 | 10520965 |
| 2,4-nonadienal and benzaldehyde bioantimutagens in fushimi sweet pepper (fushimi-togarashi). | fushimi sweet pepper, "fushimi-togarashi", is one of the "kyo-yasai", traditional vegetables, in kyoto, japan. the chloroform fraction of fushimi sweet pepper showed bioantimutagenicity on uv induced mutation in escherichia coli b/r wp2. the bioantimutagen was purified with silica gel chromatography and identified as 2, 4-nonadienal (id(50) = 20 microg/plate) on the basis of gc retention time and ei-ms spectrum of authentic 2,4-nonadienal. the sweet pepper also contained a known bioantimutagen, ... | 1999 | 10563930 |
| effects of roasting on pyrazine contents and oxidative stability of red pepper seed oil prior to its extraction. | red pepper seeds were roasted with constant stirring for 6, 9, 10, and 12 min at 210 degrees c, and oils were extracted from the roasted red pepper seeds using an expeller. the iodine values and fatty acid compositions of red pepper seed oils did not change with roasting time. the fatty acid composition of the oil obtained from the red pepper seeds roasted for 6 min was 0.24% myristic acid, 13. 42% palmitic acid, 0.33% palmitoleic acid, 2.07% stearic acid, 10. 18% oleic acid, 73.89% linoleic aci ... | 1999 | 10564041 |
| lipid peroxidation and the oxidative burst associated with infection of capsicum annuum by botrytis cinerea | a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy and analytical chemistry has been used to study the changes in free radical content, transition metal ion status and lipid peroxidation following inoculation of fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) with botrytis cinerea. epr detected a high concentration of an unidentified free radical associated with the spreading lesion that extends into the surrounding, healthy tissues. in addition, the epr-detectable iron(iii) was highes ... | 1999 | 10607300 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extracts of capsicum frutescens, citrus limon and opuntia vulgaris against newcastle disease in domestic fowl in tanzania. | prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of a combination of capsicum frutescens (red pepper), citrus limon (lemon) and opuntia vulgaris (prickly pear) against newcastle disease (nd) in domestic fowl were evaluated. eighty-eight broiler chickens were divided into five groups. birds from three groups were inoculated with velogenic nd virus strain, whereas birds from two groups were left as controls. two groups received a mixture of the plant extract three days prior to inoculation and birds from one ... | 1999 | 10624862 |
| nutritional quality and the presence of anti-nutritional factors in leaf protein concentrates (lpc). | leaf protein concentrates were prepared from 25 different plant species. the concentrates contained acceptable levels of all essential amino acids; except methionine which was limiting with chemical scores ranging between 13.5-96%. lpcs from sesbania, nebergrass, lufa and sweet pepper were lethal to the rats. per ranged between 0.28 for safflower lpc up to 1.95 for rape. positive nitrogen balance was obtained with diets based on lpcs with mean values ranging between 6.4 and 22.42 mg n per day. t ... | 1999 | 10719564 |
| influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. | the effect of spices on gastric acid secretion is variable. their mechanism of action is also not well established. | 2000 | 10812814 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of a plant protein that may be associated with the harpinpss-mediated hypersensitive response. | hypersensitive response-assisting protein (hrap) is a novel plant protein that can intensify the harpinpss-mediated hypersensitive response (hr) in harpinpss-insensitive plants, such as the vegetative stage of sweet pepper. in this report, we identified a hrap cdna clone from sweet pepper (capsicum annuum cv. ecw). the sequence of this cdna clone showed no appreciable similarity to any other known sequences. however, it contained three positively charged regions, a typical signal peptide and a c ... | 2000 | 11052195 |
| effect of red peppers (capsicum frutescens) intake during gestation on thermonociceptive response of rat offspring. | oral administration of aqueous red pepper (capsicum frutescens, cf) solution and low capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) doses during gestation produces an increase in the latency of the thermonociceptive escape response of rat offspring. the present work shows that different amounts of cf (10%, 25% and 50%) incorporated to normal food of gestating rats modify in a dose-dependent manner the flexion reflex latency (r), as well as the latency of appearance of antialgesic behaviours expres ... | 2001 | 11165333 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of carotenoid fatty acid esters of red pepper (capsicum annuum l.) by a lipase from candida rugosa. | analyses of red pepper extracts which had been pretreated with lipase type vii (ec 3.1.1.3.) from candida rugosa showed for the first time pepper carotenoid esters to be substrates of this enzyme. however, the extent of enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the respective carotenoid and was not quantitative compared to chemical saponification. after enzymatic cleavage, 67-89% of total capsanthin, 61-65% of total zeaxanthin, 70-81% of total beta-cryptoxanthin and 70-86% of total violaxanthin were detec ... | 2000 | 11204204 |
| dna repair effect of traditional sweet pepper fushimi-togarashi: seen in suppression of uv-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in human fibroblast. | the aqueous fraction of fushimi sweet pepper increased the repair effect of the solvent control against uv-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in human fibroblast to 150%, but ordinary sweet pepper did not have a statistically significant effect. when fushimi sweet pepper was boiled, the activity of the aqueous fraction was elevated to 209% of the control (p<0.05), while that of the grilled state was decreased to 125% of the control. the repair activity of a dialyzate (mw<12,000) of the aqueou ... | 2000 | 11210119 |
| inhibitory effects of curcumin and capsaicin on phorbol ester-induced activation of eukaryotic transcription factors, nf-kappab and ap-1. | recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that can inhibit, retard or reverse the multi-stage carcinogenesis. spices and herbs contain phenolic substances with potent antioxidative and chemopreventive properties. curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric and capsaicin, a pungent principle of red pepper exhibit profound anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. two well-defined eukaryotic transcription factors, nuclear factor ... | 2000 | 11216470 |
| capsaicin-induced apoptosis in sk-hep-1 hepatocarcinoma cells involves bcl-2 downregulation and caspase-3 activation. | hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies and there is no effective preventive measure in this highly malignant disease to date. in the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of capsaicin (8-methyl-n- vanillyl-6-nonenamide), the principal pungent ingredient found in hot red pepper, in sk-hep-1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. treatment of capsaicin inhibited growth of sk-hep-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner while 4-methoxy capsaicin (met-caps ... | 2001 | 11275362 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing the ferredoxin-like protein (ap1) from sweet pepper show enhanced resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | we used particle bombardment to cotransform mature seed-derived rice callus (oryza sativa l., ssp. japonica, cv. eyi 105) with plasmids containing the linked marker genes gusa and hpt, and the ap1 gene encoding an amphipathic protein previously shown to delay the hypersensitive response induced in non-host plants by the pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss). thirty-two independent lines of transgenic rice plants were regenerated, and 27 of these lines carried all three transgenes as s ... | 2001 | 11297801 |
| botrydial is produced in plant tissues infected by botrytis cinerea. | the fungal metabolite botrydial was detected for the first time in ripe fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) wound-inoculated with conidial suspensions of botrytis cinerea and also in leaves of phaseolus vulgaris and arabidopsis thaliana inoculated without wounding. this phytotoxin was produced in soft rot regions of the infection. in c. annuum, the most aggressive isolate produced the highest botrydial concentrations in planta. the levels of botrydial produced by this isolate did not correl ... | 2001 | 11397435 |
| capsaicin potentiates 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin d3- and all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cells. | human promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cells are differentiated into monocytic or granulocytic lineage when treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3] or all-trans retinoic acid, respectively. in this study, the effect of capsaicin, an active component of the red pepper of the genus capsocum, on cell differentiation was investigated in a hl-60 cell culture system. treatment of hl-60 cells with 5-30 microg/ml capsaicin for 72 h inhibited cell proliferation and induced a small increase in ce ... | 2001 | 11408028 |
| failure of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension to induce esophageal motility response in patients with barrett's esophagus. | the physiologic importance of afferent sensory pathways in the esophageal motor functions has been recently recognised. capsaicin-sensitive sensory afferents were shown to play a role in the maintenance of mucosal integrity of the gi tract, and regulation of human esophageal motility. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of topical application of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce (tabasco, 25%v/v, ph:7.0) suspension on the phasic activity of the human esophagus of healthy volu ... | 2001 | 11595437 |
| biological activity of a fruit vegetable, "anastasia green", a species of sweet pepper. | russian green sweet pepper (anastasia green) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol and the extracts were further separated into a total of twenty fractions by silica gel or ods column chromatographies. the biological activities of these extracts and fractions were compared. the extracts and fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against two human oral tumor cell lines than against normal human gingival fibroblasts, suggesting their tumor-specific action. ... | 2001 | 11695243 |
| genetic diversity underlying capsaicin intake in the mishima battery of mouse strains. | capsaicin is the active substance responsible for the pungent sensation produced by red pepper. in order to approach the underlying genetic mechanism for preference of red pepper, we conducted a 12-h, 1-bottle intake test of capsaicin solution using both male and female animals from the mishima battery of mouse strains: 10 wild-derived inbred strains (pgn2, bfm/2, hmi, cast/ei, njl, blg2, chd, swn, kjr, msm), 1 strain derived from the so-called fancy mouse (jf1), and 3 widely used laboratory str ... | 2002 | 11827737 |
| traditional production, consumption and storage of kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage. | a survey of the production, consumption and storage of kunu was carried out. some of the information included consumption rate, processing techniques and equipment, producer's status and grains used. about 73% consume kunu daily, 26% occasionally; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it. millet (pennisetum typhoideum), sorghum (sorghum vulgare), maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa) and acha (digitalis exilis) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference. the g ... | 2002 | 11855622 |
| studies on the antimicrobial mechanisms of capsaicin using yeast dna microarray. | capsaicin is a pungent element in a variety of red peppers that are widely used as food additives and considered to be an antimicrobial factor. for our tests, we used yeast dna micro-array methods to understand the mechanisms of inhibitory effects of capsaicin. the capsaicin treatment significantly induced 39 genes from approximately 6,000 genes. these induced genes were classified as multi-drug resistance transporter genes, membrane biosynthesis genes, genes encoding stress proteins, and unchar ... | 2002 | 12005045 |
| ground red peppers: capsaicinoids content, scoville scores, and discrimination by an electronic nose. | high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) was used to determine the capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and total capsaicinoids levels of different ground red pepper samples obtained from local retail markets in izmir, turkey. scoville scores were determined using sensory tests. an electronic nose (en) was used to discriminate ground red pepper samples by headspace volatiles. en data were analyzed using discriminant function analysis (dfa). an overall correct classification rate of pepper varieties by ... | 2002 | 12009995 |
| nitrate pollution in groundwater and strategies to reduce pollution. | the input-intensive rainfed tropical ecosystem, where wet season (ws) rice (oriza sativa l.)-dry season (ds) diversified high-value upland crops like vegetables predominate, has resulted in a problem of a large leakage of n into the environment, thereby polluting the water. excessive use of n fertilizer in high-value crops grown in ds is economically motivated. out of twenty water sources evaluated in a watershed with a total area of 265 ha located in magnuang, ilocos norte, philippines, twelve ... | 2002 | 12079116 |
| immunosuppressive activity of capsaicinoids: capsiate derived from sweet peppers inhibits nf-kappab activation and is a potent antiinflammatory compound in vivo. | capsiate and its dihydroderivatives are the major capsaicinoids of sweet pepper. these new capsaicinoids do not activate the vanilloid receptor type 1 (vr1) but they share with capsaicin (cps)some biological activities mediated in a vr1-independent fashion. in this study we show that cps and nordihydrocapsiate (cpt) inhibit early and late events in t cell activation, including cd69, cd25 and icam-1 cell surface expression, progression to the s phase of the cell cycle and proliferation in respons ... | 2002 | 12115659 |
| street foods in accra, ghana: how safe are they? | to investigate the microbial quality of foods sold on streets of accra and factors predisposing to their contamination. | 2002 | 12163918 |
| constitutive expression of hrap gene in transgenic tobacco plant enhances resistance against virulent bacterial pathogens by induction of a hypersensitive response. | hypersensitive response-assisting protein (hrap) has been previously reported as an amphipathic plant protein isolated from sweet pepper that intensifies the harpin(pss)-mediated hypersensitive response (hr). the hrap gene has no appreciable similarity to any other known sequences, and its activity can be rapidly induced by incompatible pathogen infection. to assess the function of the hrap gene in plant disease resistance, the camv 35s promoter was used to express sweet pepper hrap in transgeni ... | 2002 | 12182333 |
| biosynthesis of terpenes: studies on 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase. | earlier in vivo studies showed the involvement of isph protein in the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). we have demonstrated now that cell extract of an escherichia coli strain engineered for hyperexpression of the isph (lytb) gene catalyzes the in vitro conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into ipp and dmapp. the reaction requires nadh, fad, divalent cations (preferably c ... | 2002 | 12198182 |
| suppression of phorbol ester-induced nf-kappab activation by capsaicin in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells. | capsaicin, a major pungent constituent of red pepper (capsicum annuum l.) possesses a vast variety of pharmacologic and physiologic activities. despite its irritant properties, the compound exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. previous studies from this laboratory revealed that capsaicin, when topically applied onto dorsal skin of female icr mice, strongly attenuated activation of nf-kappab and ap-1 induced by the typical tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tp ... | 2002 | 12214859 |
| insecticide resistance in field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in murcia (south-east spain). | thirty-nine field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in murcia (south-east spain). all populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanat ... | 2002 | 12233190 |
| mechanism of potent antiperoxidative effect of capsaicin. | the effect of a pungent ingredient of red pepper, capsaicin, on lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria (rlm) induced by adp/fe(2+) was studied. capsaicin inhibited the lipid peroxidation significantly, being more effective than the well-known antioxidant alpha-tocopherol. capsaicin was also found to scavenge 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals both in solution and in membranes, especially the latter. capsaicin was found to scavenge radicals both at/near the membrane surface and ... | 2002 | 12383946 |
| antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common vegetables. | epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. increased consumption of fruits and vegetables containing high levels of phytochemicals has been recommended to prevent chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in the human body. in this study, 10 common vegetables were selected on the basis of consumption per capita data in the united states. a more complete profile of phenolic distributions, including both free ... | 2002 | 12405796 |
| roles of jnk-1 and p38 in selective induction of apoptosis by capsaicin in ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells. | efforts have been made to develop a chemoprevention strategy that selectively triggers apoptosis in malignant cancer cells. previous studies showed that capsaicin, the major pungent ingredient of red pepper, had differential effect between normal and transformed cells. as an approach to unveil the molecular mechanism by which capsaicin selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells, we investigated the effect of capsaicin in nontransformed and ras-transformed cells of a common origin: parent ... | 2003 | 12478662 |
| capsaicin inhibits growth of adult t-cell leukemia cells. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1)-associated adult t-cell leukemia (atl) is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. we examined the in vitro effects of capsaicin, the principal ingredients of red pepper, on three atl cell lines. capsaicin treatment inhibited the growth of atl cells both in dose- and time-dependent manner. the inhibitory effect was mainly due to the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. capsaicin treatment also induced the degradation of tax and up-regulation of ... | 2003 | 12537981 |
| nondestructive ftir monitoring of leaf senescence and elicitin-induced changes in plant leaves. | the applicability of the ftir attenuated total reflectance technique for in situ monitoring of plant physiological processes such as leaf senescence and aging has been examined. difference spectra obtained by subtracting the spectrum of the young plant leaf from that of the older one revealed positive bands at 1650-1500 cm(-1), indicating a higher relative concentration of phenolics in the older leaves of both black cherry and sweet pepper bush leaves. prolonged physiological stress of tobacco l ... | 2003 | 12583010 |
| non-pungent capsaicinoids from sweet pepper synthesis and evaluation of the chemopreventive and anticancer potential. | capsiate, the non-pungent ester isoster of capsaicin, and its dihydroderivative are the major capsaicinoids of sweet peppers. the remarkable difference between the sensory properties of capsaicin vs capsiate is solely due to the way the vanillyl and the acyl moieties of this basic structural motif are linked, via an amide bond in capsaicin-type compounds and via an ester bond in capsiate-type compounds. | 2003 | 12594536 |
| [a food poisoning outbreak caused by purple washington clam contaminated with norovirus (norwalk-like virus) and hepatitis a virus]. | a party of 57 people dined together in a restaurant in hamamatsu city on december 11, 2001. the next day, 22 of them developed symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. examination of 4 fecal specimens from these patients by elisa for norovirus (norwalk-like virus, nv) detected both genogroup i (gi) and genogroup ii (gii) nv in all the 4 specimens. in addition, rt-pcr and real-time pcr methods for nv detected the nv gene. approximately one month after the outbreak ... | 2003 | 12661084 |
| quantification of carotenoids in chicken plasma after feeding free or esterified lutein and capsanthin using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. | the present study reports about the plasma carotenoid levels of chickens achieved after feeding diets containing free and esterified lutein (from marigold) and capsanthin (from red pepper) by applying hplc analyses using a rp-c30 column. forty chickens were divided at random into four groups and were fed 2 wk with different diets after receiving a basal diet with a low carotenoid content for carotenoid depletion (3 wk). one group was fed a diet containing free lutein (g1), another group received ... | 2003 | 12705399 |
| sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as a novel selection marker for orchid transformation. | a novel method for selection of transgenic plants utilizing the sweet pepper ( capsicum annuum l.) ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as selection marker and erwinia carotovora as the selection agent has been developed. an expression vector containing a pflp cdna driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was successfully transformed into protocorm-like bodies of oncidium orchid by agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, respectively. erwinia carotovora was used as a selecti ... | 2003 | 12721849 |
| cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal activity of a vegetable, 'anastasia red', a variety of sweet pepper. | the vegetable, anastasia red, capsicum annuum l. var. angulosum mill. (solanaceae) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol, and the extracts were further separated into a total of 21 fractions by silica gel or octadecylsilane (ods) column chromatography. the biological activities of extracts and fractions were determined. these extracts showed relatively higher cytotoxic activity against two human oral tumor cell lines (hsc-2, hsg) than against normal human gin ... | 2003 | 12722138 |
| trpv1 activation and induction of nociceptive response by a non-pungent capsaicin-like compound, capsiate. | capsiate is a capsaicin-like ingredient of a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, ch-19 sweet. to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the non-pungency of capsiate, we investigated whether capsiate activates the cloned capsaicin receptor, trpv1 (vr1). in patch-clamp experiments, capsiate was found to activate trpv1 expressed transiently in hek293 cells with a similar potency as capsaicin. capsiate induced nociceptive responses in mice when injected subcutaneously into their hindpaws with a similar ... | 2003 | 12726827 |
| short-term control of capsaicin on blood and oxidative stress of rats in vivo. | capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a pungent component found in red pepper can induce body heat and possibly enhance blood flow as well as increase energy expenditure, and prevent oxidative stress. male wistar rats were divided into vehicle, 1 mg/kg body weight capsaicin and 3 mg/kg body weight capsaicin groups. samples were taken from the animals on day 1 of i.p. treatment with capsaicin and on 3 consecutive days of i.p. treatment with capsaicin. our investigation demonstrated that b ... | 2003 | 12748978 |
| red pepper attenuates cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. | the current study was conducted to examine the effect of red pepper supplementation on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) activity, along with its anti-atherosclerotic effect in cholesterol-fed rabbits. | 2003 | 12763278 |