| taste aversion learning in the bat, carollia perspicillata. | | 1980 | 7362586 |
| the postnatal development of frequency-place code and tuning characteristics in the auditory midbrain of the phyllostomid bat, carollia perspicillata. | this report describes the postnatal development of hearing range, auditory sensitivity and tonotopy within the inferior colliculus (ic) of a mammal specialized for ultrasonic hearing. the experimental animal, carollia perspicillata, has an adult hearing range of 7-110 khz (characteristic frequencies) but lack any significant overrepresentation of a limited frequency band as known for rhinolophoid bats and pteronotus. the audiogram of the newborn carollia includes characteristic frequencies from ... | 1994 | 7928706 |
| formation of reticulated endoderm, reichert's membrane, and amniogenesis in blastocysts of captive-bred, short-tailed fruit bats, carollia perspicillata. | as part of an effort to develop the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) as a new animal model for the study of interstitial implantation and trophoblast-uterine interactions, early embryogenesis was examined histologically and ultrastructurally in captive-bred females at different intervals after the first appearance of spermatozoa in daily vaginal smears (day 1 postcoitum [p.c.]). | 1997 | 8986306 |
| behavioral reactions of the bat carollia perspicillata to abrupt changes in gravity. | as part of an ongoing survey of the behavioral responses of vertebrates to abrupt changes in gravity, we report here on the reactions of bats (carollia perspicillata) exposed to altered gravity during parabolic aircraft flight. in microgravity, mammals typically behave as if they were upside-down and exhibit repetitive righting reflexes, which often lead to long axis rolling. since bats, however, normally rest upside-down, we hypothesized that they would not roll in microgravity. only one of thr ... | 1995 | 11541842 |
| altered trophoblastic differentiation and increased trophoblastic invasiveness during delayed development in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | during pregnancy in the short-tailed fruit bat, lengthy post-implantational delays in conceptus development can occur in response to stress in captivity and seasonally in the wild. when comparisons were made between uteri carrying embryos in delay at the primitive streak stage and those growing more rapidly, many differences were noted. during delay the developing chorioallantoic placenta was generally smaller, contained a higher ratio of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast, and had been inva ... | 2001 | 11162361 |
| the comparative phylogeography of neotropical mammals: patterns of intraspecific mitochondrial dna variation among bats contrasted to nonvolant small mammals. | the major aim of this study was to compare the phylogeographic patterns of codistributed bats and small nonvolant neotropical mammals. cytochrome b sequences (mitochondrial dna) were obtained for a total of 275 bats representing 17 species. the tissue samples were collected in coastal brazil, and were available from mexico and the guyana. the study concentrates on four species (artibeus lituratus, carollia perspicillata, sturnira lilium and glossophaga soricina) which were well represented. the ... | 2000 | 10972770 |
| dyssochroma viridiflorum (solanaceae): a reproductively bat-dependent epiphyte from the atlantic rainforest in brazil. | few neotropical plant species seem to depend on the same animal type both for pollination and seed dispersal, and the known instances refer mostly to birds as the agents in these two phases of a plant reproductive cycle. dyssochroma viridiflorum (solanaceae), an epiphyte endemic to the atlantic rainforest in south-eastern brazil, was found to be visited by phyllostomid bats for nectar as well as for fruits, with the pollination and seed dispersal of the plant ensured by these flying mammals. the ... | 2003 | 14500325 |
| unusual patterns of intermediate filament protein expression by the trophoblast and decidual cells of the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | in the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) pregnancy can be prolonged by the occurrence of lengthy delays after implantation. this is associated with the development of highly invasive trophoblast that can penetrate the myometrium, mesenteries of the reproductive tract and the oviducts via perivascular (interstitial) routes. in order to confirm the identity and distribution of this trophoblast, intermediate filament protein immunocytochemistry was utilized. in some respects the expre ... | 2000 | 11095936 |
| trichobius joblingi, aspidoptera falcata, and megistopoda proxima (diptera : streblidae) parasitic on carollia perspicallata and sturnia lillium (chiroptera : phyllostomidae) in southeastern brazil: sex ratios, seasonality, host site preference, and effect of parasitism on the host. | this note examines the effect of parasitism on host size, the preference of the parasite for a specific host body area, and the seasonal abundance for the 3 most abundant bat flies (i.e., trichobius joblingi wenzel, a parasite of the bat carollia perspicillata [linnaeus], and aspidoptera falcata wenzel and megistopoda proxima [séguy], parasites on sturnira lilium [geoffroy]). trichobius joblingi and a. falcata are moderately dorsoventrally flattened and were collected on the wing membranes of th ... | 2000 | 10701585 |
| auditory responses from the frontal cortex in the short-tailed fruit bat carollia perspicillata. | based on neuroanatomical findings it was hypothesized that an area in the bat frontal cortex is part of a sensorimotor feedback loop and probably important to goal-directed behaviors guided by auditory information. the present report describes the basic stimulus preferences and response properties of neurons from this area in the short-tailed fruit bat carollia perspicillata. responses to acoustic stimuli mimicking biosonar pulse-echo (i.e. fm-fm) combinations were found to be facilitated throug ... | 2000 | 10674499 |
| multiple groups of endogenous betaretroviruses in mice, rats, and other mammals. | betaretroviruses exist in endogenous and exogenous forms in hosts that are widely distributed and evolutionarily distantly related. here we report the discovery and characterization of several previously unknown betaretrovirus groups in the genomes of mus musculus and rattus norvegicus. each group contains both mouse and rat elements, and several of the groups are more closely related to previously known betaretroviruses from nonmurine hosts. some of the groups also include members from hosts wh ... | 2004 | 15140976 |
| relationships between orientation of the blastocyst during implantation, position of the chorioallantoic placenta, and vascularization of the uterus in the noctilionoid bats carollia perspicillata and noctilio sp. | in most eutherian mammals, the inner cell mass (icm) of the blastocyst assumes an almost constantly specific orientation to the uterus at the time of implantation, and this is usually correlated with subsequent positioning of the fetal membranes and chorioallantoic placenta. although these relationships tend to be conserved between closely related species, this is not the case in the noctilionoid bats. in carollia perspicillata, which has a simplex uterus, the icm of the single blastocyst become ... | 1999 | 10195748 |
| batflies parasitic on some phyllostomid bats in southeastern brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite relationships. | ectoparasitic batflies were studied on 12 species of phyllostomid bats, by making 35 nightly collections of bats using mist nets at the "panga" ecological reservation near uberlândia, state of minas gerais, southeastern brazil, from august 1989 to july 1990. eleven species of streblidae and one of nycteribiidae were collected on 12 species of bats. prevalence of ectoparasitic flies was lower than those reported by other authors for the new world and may be the result of the lack of caves in the ... | 1999 | 10224519 |
| relationships between patterns of chromosome banding and dna synthetic sequences: a study on the chromosomes of the seba's fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | | 1973 | 4714917 |
| advanced oviductal development, transport to the preferred implantation site, and attachment of the blastocyst in captive-bred, short-tailed fruit bats, carollia perspicillata. | the final stages of embryonic development in the oviduct, transport of the embryo to the uterus, and the initial stages of implantation have been examined in captive-bred carollia perspicillata at the light and electron microscopic levels. development progressed to the expanded, zona pellucida-free, blastocyst stage in the oviduct. the abundance of microvilli on the exterior of the trophoblast varied with the degree of blastocyst expansion and cell shape, and may function in part as a membrane r ... | 2000 | 10839632 |
| nitrogen and energy requirements of the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata): fruit bats are not nitrogen constrained. | nitrogen (n) and energy (e) requirements were measured in adult carollia perspicillata which were fed on four experimental diets. bats ate 1.3-1.8 times their body mass.day-1 and ingested 1339.5-1941.4 kj.kg-0.75.day-1. despite a rapid transit time, dry matter digestibility and metabolizable e coefficient were high (83.3% and 82.4%, respectively), but true n digestibility was low (67.0%). mass change was not correlated with e intake, indicating that bats adjusted their metabolic rate to maintain ... | 1996 | 8956503 |
| tonotopic organization and parcellation of auditory cortex in the fm-bat carollia perspicillata. | in the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata), the auditory cortex was localized autoradiographically and studied electrophysiologically in detail by using metal microelectrodes and 10-ms tone stimuli. because, in the weakly-anaesthetized preparation, neuronal responses to pure-tones were even found throughout the non-primary auditory cortex, characteristic frequencies and minimum thresholds of neuron clusters (multiunits) could be mapped consistently and used to define auditory cortica ... | 1999 | 10564374 |
| facultative hypothermia as a thermoregulatory strategy in the phyllostomid bats, carollia perspicillata and sturnira lilium. | the present study questions whether hypothermia is an artifact due to captivity-induced stress or a thermoregulatory strategy for bats of the neotropical family phyllostomidae. in guanacaste, costa rica, carollia perspicillata and sturnira lilium exhibited a bimodal distribution of body temperatures when submitted to an ambient temperature of 21 degrees c. body temperature was highly correlated with body mass in both species. c. perspicillata of mass > or = 20 g and s. lilium of mass > or = 17 g ... | 1997 | 9120068 |
| improved procedures for maintaining and breeding the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) in a laboratory setting. | improved methods have been developed for maintaining and breeding the neotropical short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata, in an easily-reproduced, laboratory setting. bipartite, all-metal cages have been designed which permit efficient, non-injurious handling of the animals. also, a fruit-based liquid diet, which is simple and inexpensive to prepare, has been formulated from readily-available canned and powdered components. when efforts were initiated to breed wild-caught animals at 3-6 ... | 1996 | 8783180 |
| electromotility of outer hair cells from the cochlea of the echolocating bat, carollia perspicillata. | isolated outer hair cells (ohcs) and explants ot the organ of corti were obtained from the cochlea of the echolocating bat, carollia perspicillata, whose hearing range extends up to about 100 khz. the ohcs were about 10-30 microns long and produced resting potentials between -30 to -69 mv. during stimulation with a sinusoidal extracellular voltage field (voltage gradient of 2 mv/microns) cyclic length changes were observed in isolated ohcs. the displacements were most prominent at the level of t ... | 1994 | 7965917 |
| fine structure of the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of bats: a comparative study. | the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the vampire bat, desmodus rotundus, and the frugivorous bats, carollia perspicillata and artibeus jamaicensis, was examined at the light-microscopic and ultrastructural levels. the neuroepithelium of these species is basically similar in morphology to that of other mammals. however, hitherto unknown differences were noted in regard to the configuration of the apical poles of cells, in the occurrence of solitary cilia, dislocated sensory cells, brush cells, cell ... | 1982 | 7102243 |
| the sound emission pattern and the acoustical role of the noseleaf in the echolocating bat, carollia perspicillata. | carollia perspicillata (phyllostomidae) is a frugivorous bat that emits low-intensity, broadband, frequency-modulated echolocation pulses through nostrils surrounded by a noseleaf. the emission pattern of this bat is of interest because the ratio between the nostril spacing and the emitted wavelength varies during the pulse, causing complex interference patterns in the horizontal dimension. sound pressures around the bat were measured using a movable microphone and were referenced to those at a ... | 1987 | 3429728 |
| high frequency distortion products from the ears of two bat species, megaderma lyra and carollia perspicillata. | in two echolocating bat species, megaderma lyra and carollia perspicillata 2f1-f2 distortion products were measured acoustically in the outer ear canal for f1 frequencies between 5 and 95 khz in an attempt to study nonlinear cochlear processes at high frequencies. similar to other mammals, the input/output (i/o) functions of 2f1-f2 show non-monotonicities and notches at f1 levels between 40-70 db spl. the slope of the initial rise of the 2f1-f2 i/o functions increased with f1 frequency from 0.73 ... | 1992 | 1639726 |
| menstruation in short-tailed fruit bats (carollia spp.). | uterine function was assessed histologically in carollia spp. removed from a laboratory breeding colony. the uteri of periovulatory bats examined on days 1-3 post coitum varied considerably depending upon whether regressing corpora lutea were present. in females lacking such corpora lutea, the endometrium was shallow and proliferative. in most of the bats having regressing corpora lutea, the endometrium was thicker and necrotic portions of the superficial lamina functionalis were being sloughed ... | 1992 | 1625240 |
| absent or low rate of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of bats (chiroptera). | bats are the only flying mammals and have well developed navigation abilities for 3d-space. even bats with comparatively small home ranges cover much larger territories than rodents, and long-distance migration by some species is unique among small mammals. adult proliferation of neurons, i.e., adult neurogenesis, in the dentate gyrus of rodents is thought to play an important role in spatial memory and learning, as indicated by lesion studies and recordings of neurons active during spatial beha ... | 2007 | 17520014 |
| further characterization of the pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress in chiroptera. | previous studies on bats from this laboratory have revealed the presence of exceptionally high circulating levels of glucocorticoids in two species of the sub-order megachiroptera. in the present study, the following questions were asked: (1) what effect does the routine handling and examination of captive bats have on the activity of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (hpa) axis?; (2) are the unusually high plasma levels of cortisol and corticosterone found in pteropus hypomelanus asso ... | 1994 | 8057075 |
| hearing in american leaf-nosed bats. ii: carollia perspicillata. | we determined the audiograms of two short-tailed fruit bats (carollia perspicillata), 18-g phyllostomids from central and south america. for testing, we used a conditioned suppression/avoidance procedure with a fruit juice reward. at an intensity of 60 db spl, the hearing of c. perspicillata extends from 5.2 to 150 khz, showing a best sensitivity of 0 db at 25 khz and a secondary region of sensitivity at 71 khz. although c. perspicillata is frugivorous and therefore does not rely on sonar for de ... | 2003 | 12684174 |
| an ultrastructural study of interstitial implantation in captive-bred, short-tailed fruit bats, carollia perspicillata: trophoblastic adhesion and penetration of the uterine epithelium. | trophoblastic adhesion to, and penetration of, the uterine epithelium during implantation have been examined in captive-bred carollia perspicillata at the light and electron microscopic levels. initial adhesion is localized to marginal ridges immediately over the apical intercellular junctions of the epithelial cells. penetration then involves the intrusion of trophoblastic processes between the epithelial cells and the formation of junctional complexes between the two cell types. as larger area ... | 2002 | 12382141 |
| acari ectoparasites of bats from minas gerais, brazil. | ectoparasites were recovered from brazilian bats captured from april to november 1997 at or near parque estadual do rio doce, state of minas gerais, southeastern brazil. sixty bats were collected, representing three families and 13 species. five acari families were recorded: myobiidae, trombiculidae, labidocarpidae, macronyssidae, and spinturnicidae. the macronyssid radfordiella desmodi radovsky (71 specimens) and the spinturnicid periglichrus iheringi oudemans (45 specimens) were the most abund ... | 2002 | 12061455 |
| phylogenetic diversity of bat trypanosomes of subgenus schizotrypanum based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic dna, and cytochrome b nucleotide sequence analyses. | trypanosome stocks isolated from bats (chiroptera) and belonging to the subgenus schizotrypanum were analyzed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) at 22 loci, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) with 14 primers and/or cytochrome b nucleotide sequence. bat trypanosomes belonged to the species trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei (10 stocks), trypanosoma dionisii (four stocks) and trypanosoma vespertilionis (three stocks). one t. rangeli stock and seven stocks of t. cruzi sensu stricto, the ag ... | 2003 | 12797982 |
| identification of a new venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from brazil. | two strains of recently isolated venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) complex virus from southern brazil, avirulent for 6- to 8-week-old mice and short-haired guinea pigs, were characterized by biologic, serologic, and biochemical means. they were shown serologically to represent a single, newly recognized variant of subtype i. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of ribonuclease t1 digests of viral ribonucleic acid showed considerable homology between the genomes of the new ... | 1982 | 7149112 |
| bat eyes have ultraviolet-sensitive cone photoreceptors. | mammalian retinae have rod photoreceptors for night vision and cone photoreceptors for daylight and colour vision. for colour discrimination, most mammals possess two cone populations with two visual pigments (opsins) that have absorption maxima at short wavelengths (blue or ultraviolet light) and long wavelengths (green or red light). microchiropteran bats, which use echolocation to navigate and forage in complete darkness, have long been considered to have pure rod retinae. here we use opsin i ... | 2009 | 19636375 |
| examination of type material of two species of litomosoides (filarioidea: onchocercidae), parasites from bats; taxonomic consequences. | type material of litomosoides hamletti sandground, 1934 from glossophaga soricina soricina in brazil and l. penai jiménez-quirós & arroyo, 1960 from carollia perspicillata azteca in costa rica, was examined. the morphology of the spicules shows that these species belong to the carinii group. their synonymy with l. guiterasi pérez vigueras, 1934, from artibeus jamaicensis yucatanicus in cuba, does not appear justified because they are distinct in several characters (body length, width of female, ... | 2003 | 14535160 |
| attraction of the fruit-eating bat carollia perspicillata to piper gaudichaudianum essential oil. | we performed field tests using mimetic piper fruits with and without essential oil extracted through hydrodistillation from piper gaudichaudianum ripe fruits in order to evaluate the role of odor in carollia perspicillata attraction and capture in mist-nets. during the field tests, 26 c. perspicillata were captured, 21 (80.7%) in nets with the essential oil of p. gaudichaudianum and five (19.3%) in nets without oil. other bat species, artibeus spp. (67), which is specialized on fruits of moracea ... | 2003 | 14682519 |
| a morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of mammary tissues from the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) and the mouse. | in the present study, mammary tissues from the fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) and mouse (mus musculus) were compared using histological and immunohistochemical methods. because the female bat exhibits greater reproductive similarities to humans, it might provide a useful animal model for studying mammary physiology and disease with relevance to our own species. in lactating and recently lactating specimens, bat tissue had significantly fewer adipocytes and more collagenous connective tissue ... | 2004 | 14749297 |
| hoxd13 expression in the developing limbs of the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | bat forelimbs are highly specialized for sustained flight, providing a unique model to explore the genetic programs that regulate vertebrate limb diversity. hoxd9-13 genes are important regulators of stylopodium, zeugopodium, and autopodium development and thus evolutionary changes in their expression profiles and biochemical activities may contribute to divergent limb morphologies in vertebrates. we have isolated the genomic region that includes hoxd12 and hoxd13 from carollia perspicillata, th ... | 2005 | 15733311 |
| distribution of 18+28s ribosomal genes in mammalian genomes. | in situ hybridization with 3h 18s and 28s ribosomal rna from xenopus laevis has been used to study the distribution of dna sequences coding for these rnas (the nucleolus organizing regions) in the genomes of six mammals. several patterns of distribution have been found: 1) a single major site (rat kangaroo, seba's fruit bat), 2) two major sites (indian muntjac), 3) multiple sites in centromeric heterochromatin (field vole), 4) multiple sites in heterochromatic short arms (peromyscus eremicus), 5 ... | 1975 | 1104290 |
| development of bat flight: morphologic and molecular evolution of bat wing digits. | the earliest fossil bats resemble their modern counterparts in possessing greatly elongated digits to support the wing membrane, which is an anatomical hallmark of powered flight. to quantitatively confirm these similarities, we performed a morphometric analysis of wing bones from fossil and modern bats. we found that the lengths of the third, fourth, and fifth digits (the primary supportive elements of the wing) have remained constant relative to body size over the last 50 million years. this a ... | 2006 | 16618938 |
| effects of prior infestation on host choice of bat flies (diptera: streblidae). | experimental approaches provide insight into the dynamics of species competition and coexistence, but studies of ectoparasitic arthropods are rare. host choice experiments were undertaken in amazonian peru, by using obligate bat fly parasites of seba's short-tailed bat, carollia perspicillata (l.). the fly species trichobius joblingi wenzel strongly preferred clean hosts to those previously infested with individuals of t. joblingi. abundance thresholds may limit conspecific parasites on host ind ... | 2006 | 16619630 |
| emerging developmental model systems. | this primer briefly describes four emerging animal model systems that promise to provide insights into specific aspects of developmental biology. highlighted here are two relatively well-characterized model systems, gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spine stickleback fish) and schmidtea mediterranea (planarian), as well as two organisms on which research is in its infancy, carollia perspicillata (short-tailed fruit bat), and the basal metazoan, trichoplax adhaerens. scientists who helped develop the ... | 2006 | 16881053 |
| collection of embryos from short-tailed fruit bats (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147097 |
| fixation and storage of embryos from short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147098 |
| whole-mount in situ hybridization of short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata) embryos with rna probes. | | 2009 | 20147099 |
| alcian blue staining of cartilage of short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147100 |
| alcian blue/alizarin red staining of cartilage and bone of short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147101 |
| whole-mount immunohistochemistry of short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147102 |
| interdigital webbing retention in bat wings illustrates genetic changes underlying amniote limb diversification. | developmentally regulated programmed cell death sculpts the limbs and other embryonic organs in vertebrates. one intriguing example of species-specific differences in apoptotic extent is observed in the tissue between the digits. in chicks and mice, bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) trigger apoptosis of the interdigital mesenchyme, leading to freed digits, whereas in ducks, bmp antagonists inhibit the apoptotic program, resulting in webbed feet. here, we show that the phyllostomid bat carollia ... | 2006 | 17015842 |
| roosts as information centres: social learning of food preferences in bats. | the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata, lives in groups in tree hollows and caves. to investigate whether these roosts might serve as information centres, we tested whether individuals' preferences for novel foods could be enhanced through social learning at the roost. we also determined whether socially learned preferences for novel foods were reversed through interaction with other roost mates by simulating changes in available food resources such as those associated with variation ... | 2005 | 17148131 |
| intestinal bacterial flora and transit time of three neotropical bat species. | klite, p. d. (middle america research unit, balboa heights, canal zone). intestinal bacterial flora and transit time of three neotropical bat species. j. bacteriol. 90:375-379. 1965.-quantitative studies on the intestinal bacterial flora of three neotropical bat species revealed the following average bacterial populations: molossus major, 10(4.8) bacteria per intestinal contents; carollia perspicillata, 10(3.3); chilonycteris rubiginosa, 10(3.9). in comparison, laboratory mice had an average of ... | 1965 | 14329450 |
| normal embryonic development of the japanese pipistrelle, pipistrellus abramus. | the normal embryonic development of the japanese pipistrelle, pipistrellus abramus was described. a total of 13 stages between the early pharyngula and the embryo just before birth were established, based on external morphological features of 33 embryonic specimens. to aid embryological comparison between chiropteran lineages, the stage numbers used in the carollia perspicillata embryonic staging system (cretekos et al., 2005) were applied to each embryonic stage of p. abramus. the size (crown-r ... | 2006 | 16616468 |
| isolation, genomic structure and developmental expression of fgf8 in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | fibroblast growth factor-8 (fgf8) encodes a secreted protein which was initially identified as the factor responsible for androgen-dependant growth of mouse mammary carcinoma cells (tanaka et al., 1992). fgf8 has been subsequently implicated in the patterning and growth of the gastrulating embryo, paraxial mesoderm (somites), limbs, craniofacial tissues, central nervous system and other organ systems during the development of several vertebrate model animals. consistent with these findings, fgf8 ... | 2007 | 17554686 |
| sound-localization acuity and its relation to vision in large and small fruit-eating bats: i. echolocating species, phyllostomus hastatus and carollia perspicillata. | passive sound-localization acuity for 100-ms noise bursts was determined behaviorally for two species of bats: phyllostomus hastatus, a large bat that eats fruit and vertebrates, and carollia perspicillata, a small species that eats fruit and nectar. the mean minimum audible angle for two p. hastatus was 9 degrees , and that for two c. perspicillata was 14.8 degrees . this places their passive sound-localization acuity near the middle of the range for mammals. sound localization varies widely am ... | 2007 | 17630232 |
| experimental transmission of the parasitic flagellates trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma rangeli between triatomine bugs or mice and captive neotropical bats. | trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma rangeli-like trypanosomes have been found in a variety of neotropical bat species. in this study, bats (artibeus lituratus, carollia perspicillata, desmodus rotundus, glossophaga soricina, molossus molossus, phyllostomus hastatus) were maintained under controlled conditions, and experiments were conducted to determine how they might become infected naturally with trypanosomes. all bats were first screened for existing infections by hemoculture and the examinatio ... | 2007 | 17710299 |
| nutrition or detoxification: why bats visit mineral licks of the amazonian rainforest. | many animals in the tropics of africa, asia and south america regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. in the amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. we measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short ... | 2008 | 18431492 |
| embryonic staging system for the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata, a model organism for the mammalian order chiroptera, based upon timed pregnancies in captive-bred animals. | there are approximately 4,800 extant species of mammals that exhibit tremendous morphological, physiological, and developmental diversity. yet embryonic development has been studied in only a few mammalian species. among mammals, bats are second only to rodents with regard to species number and habitat range and are the most abundant mammals in undisturbed tropical regions. bat development, though, remains relatively unstudied. here, we describe and illustrate a staging series of embryonic devel ... | 2005 | 15861401 |
| embryonic staging system for the black mastiff bat, molossus rufus (molossidae), correlated with structure-function relationships in the adult. | an embryonic staging system for molossus rufus (also widely known as molossus ater) was devised using 17 reference specimens obtained during the postimplantation period of pregnancy from wild-caught, captive-bred females. this was done in part by comparing the embryos to a developmental staging system that had been created for another, relatively unrelated bat, carollia perspicillata (family phyllostomidae). particular attention was paid to the development of species-specific features, such as w ... | 2009 | 19089888 |
| nutrient routing in omnivorous animals tracked by stable carbon isotopes in tissue and exhaled breath. | omnivorous animals feed on several food items that often differ in macronutrient and isotopic composition. macronutrients can be used for either metabolism or body tissue synthesis and, therefore, stable c isotope ratios of exhaled breath (delta(13)c(breath)) and tissue may differ. to study nutrient routing in omnivorous animals, we measured delta(13)c(breath) in 20-g carollia perspicillata that either ate an isotopically homogeneous carbohydrate diet or an isotopically heterogeneous protein-car ... | 2008 | 18496717 |
| bats go head-under-heels: the biomechanics of landing on a ceiling. | bats typically roost head-under-heels but they cannot hover in this position, thus, landing on a ceiling presents a biomechanical challenge. to land, a bat must perform an acrobatic flip that brings the claws of the toes in contact with the ceiling and do so gently enough as to avoid injury to its slender hindlimbs. in the present study, we sought to determine how bats land, to seek a link between landing kinematics and ceiling impact forces, and to determine whether landing strategies vary amon ... | 2009 | 19282491 |
| neo-xy body: an analysis of xy1y2 meiotic behavior in carollia (chiroptera, phyllostomidae) by chromosome painting. | classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses of mitotic and meiotic cells were performed on two species of carollia from the family phyllostomidae (chiroptera), which have an xx/xy(1)y(2) sex determination system. our results show that the species carollia perspicillata and carollia brevicauda have the same xq-autosome translocation (neo-x). using multicolor fish we observed different levels of condensation of the original x and y chromosomes when compared to the translocated autosomal segment, ... | 2009 | 19372667 |
| mites (mesostigmata: spinturnicidae and spelaeorhynchidae) associated with bats in northeast brazil. | in this article, we present the results of a study about mites associated with bats collected in the state of pernambuco, northeast brazil. of the 331 bats collected, 23 were found naturally infested by mites, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 6.9% (95% confidence interval: 4.5-10.2). four mite species were collected from seven bat species. the following mite-bat associations were recorded: periglischrus acutisternus machado-allison on phyllostomus discolor wagner; periglischrus ojastii ... | 2009 | 19496446 |
| species richness and abundance of bats in fragments of the stational semidecidual forest, upper paraná river, southern brazil. | the upper paraná river floodplain is inserted in a region of the mata atlântica biome, which is a critical area to preserve. due to the scarcity of researches about the chiropterofauna in this region, the present study investigated species richness and abundance of bats in remnants from the stational semidecidual forest of the upper paraná river, southern brazil. samplings were taken every month, from january to december 2006, using 32 mist nets with 8.0 x 2.5 m, resulting in 640 m2/h and totali ... | 2009 | 19738978 |
| proliferative endometrial lesions in a group of seba's short-tailed bats (carollia perspicillata). | an unusually high prevalence of uterine changes was observed on necropsy in a group of 169 female seba's short-tailed bats (carollia perspicillata). in this case study, 27 animals were affected from 1997 to 2007, representing 16% of the group population. all bats were of an indeterminate age and originated from the same facility, but were housed in three different zoological institutions. deaths occurred year round. most animals were found dead, with no previous clinical signs. clinical signs, w ... | 2009 | 19746857 |
| the evolutionary and developmental basis of parallel reduction in mammalian zeugopod elements. | understanding the mechanisms by which parallel evolution occurs has the potential to clarify the complex relationship between evolution and development. in this study, we examine the role of development in the repeated reduction of zeugopod elements during mammalian evolution, a functionally important phenomenon enabling locomotor specialization. by completing a morphometric study (incorporating both analyses of variation and phylogenetics) of mammalian limbs, we are able to demonstrate an evolu ... | 2007 | 17206589 |
| [ectoparasitic flies (diptera: streblidae) of bats (mammalia: chiroptera) from são luís, maranhão, brazil: infestation rates and the host-parasite association]. | this study reports the first records of the parasitism rates of the association among ectoparasitic flies of the family streblidae found in phyllostomid bats in the state of maranhão. specimens were collected in patches of secondary forest and borders of mangrove in the village of quebra pote, located in the south portion of the island of são luís. a total of 201 flies of 15 species and eight genera [aspidoptera falcata wenzel, a. phyllostomatis (perty), mastoptera minuta costa lima, megistopoda ... | 2009 | 19943006 |
| genetic regulation of mammalian diversity. | mammals have evolved a variety of morphological adaptations that have allowed them to compete in their natural environments. the developmental genetic basis of this morphological diversity remains largely unknown. bats are mammals that have the unique ability of powered flight. we have examined the molecular embryology of bats and investigated the developmental genetic basis for their highly derived limbs used for flight. initially, we developed an embryo staging system for a model chiropteran, ... | 2009 | 20028846 |
| the short-tailed fruit bat carollia perspicillata: a model for studies in reproduction and development. | | 2009 | 20147091 |
| feeding short-tailed fruit bats (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147094 |
| generating timed pregnancies in fruit bats (carollia perspicillata). | | 2009 | 20147095 |
| collection of short-tailed fruit bats (carollia perspicillata) from the wild. | | 2009 | 20147096 |
| electrical response of bat retina to spectral stimulation: comparison of four microhiropteran species. | electrical responses of the retinas of 4 species of microchiropteran bats stimulated by spectrally restricted light flashes were found to diverge systematically from the rhodopsin absorption spectrum. the divergence was progressively greater across the 4 species. the results appeared explainable by assuming a second photoreceptor class and photopigment which was present in progressively greater numbers in the retinas of eptesicus fuscus, desmodus rotundus, artibeus jamaicensis and carollia persp ... | 1979 | 488274 |
| histochemical and myosin composition of vampire bat (desmodus rotundus) pectoralis muscle targets a unique locomotory niche. | the vampire bat pectoralis muscle contains at least four fiber types distributed in a nonhomogeneous pattern. one of these fiber types, here termed iie, can be elucidated only by adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) histochemistry combined with reactions against antifast and antislow myosin antibodies. the histochemical and immunohistochemical observations indicate a well-developed specialization of function within specific regions of the muscle. in parallel, analyses of native myosin isoforms and ... | 1993 | 8230235 |
| delayed development in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | pregnancy was studied in short-tailed fruit bats, carollia perspicillata, both maintained in a captive breeding colony and collected from a reproductively synchronized wild population on the island of trinidad. gestation periods for captive females that successfully reared their young varied as follows: mated at a regular oestrus during their first year in captivity (105-178 days) (mean +/- sd: 145 +/- 19 days); mated at a postpartum oestrus during their first year in captivity (110-158 days) (1 ... | 1997 | 9068408 |
| concentration of carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol in plasma of six microchiroptera species. | to adequately feed species in captivity it is necessary to know their nutritional habits and their natural availability of specific nutrients. such essential nutrients are vitamin a, vitamin e and selected carotenoids as vitamin-a-precursors. because their blood plasma concentration are valid biomarkers of nutritional status of dietary intake, we determined the concentrations of carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol by hplc as well as the transport proteins for retinol, the retinol-binding p ... | 2007 | 17462932 |
| plasma testosterone levels decrease after activation of skin immune system in a free-ranging mammal. | the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ichh) postulates a trade-off between the display of androgen-related, sexually selected traits and investment in immune functions, often summarized as immunosuppression by testosterone (te). we investigated the relationship between delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) skin responses and the endocrine system in a free-ranging mammal and asked: (i) are high plasma te levels related to a weak dth response or (ii) does an activation of the cellular immune sys ... | 2010 | 20600041 |
| selectivity in the transport of spermatozoa to oviductal reservoirs in the menstruating fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | to better document the timing of ovulation and fertilization, female reproductive tracts were collected every 12 h from captive-bred fruit bats (carollia perspicillata) on days 1-3 postcoitum and examined histologically. this also permitted observations on sperm transport, storage, and disposition. as the animals had previously been sexually segregated, most had been cycling and possessed menstrual uteri at the time of collection. menstruation is periovulatory in this species. a widespread, head ... | 2010 | 20696851 |
| use of binaural cues for sound localization in two species of phyllostomidae: the greater spear-nosed bat (phyllostomus hastatus) and the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). | unlike humans, not all mammals use both of the binaural cues for sound localization. whether an animal uses these cues can be determined by testing its ability to localize pure tones; specifically, low frequencies are localized using time-difference cues, and high frequencies are localized using intensity-difference cues. we determined the ability to use binaural cues in 2 new world bats, phyllostomus hastatus, large omnivores, and carollia perspicillata, small frugivores, by testing their tone- ... | 2010 | 21090890 |
| chronotopically organized target-distance map in the auditory cortex of the short-tailed fruit bat. | topographic cortical representation of echo delay, the cue for target range, is an organizational feature implemented in the auditory cortices of certain bats dedicated to catch flying insects. such cortical echo-delay maps provide a calibrated neural representation of object spatial distance. to assess general requirements for echo-delay computations, cortical delay sensitivity was examined in the short-tailed fruit bat carollia perspicillata that uses frequency-modulated (fm) echolocation sign ... | 2010 | 19906883 |
| flower bats (glossophaga soricina) and fruit bats (carollia perspicillata) rely on spatial cues over shapes and scents when relocating food. | natural selection can shape specific cognitive abilities and the extent to which a given species relies on various cues when learning associations between stimuli and rewards. because the flower bat glossophaga soricina feeds primarily on nectar, and the locations of nectar-producing flowers remain constant, g. soricina might be predisposed to learn to associate food with locations. indeed, g. soricina has been observed to rely far more heavily on spatial cues than on shape cues when relocating ... | 2010 | 20520841 |
| bats (mammalia: chiroptera) in native and reforested areas in rancho alegre, paraná, brazil. | abstract: generally, natural environments have been transformed into small forest remnants, with the consequent habitat loss and species extinction. the north paraná state is not an exception, since only 2 to 4% of the original ecosystem occurs in small fragments of stational semidecidual forest. we studied the species richness and abundance of bats in two forest fragments from the fazenda congonhas, in rancho alegre city, parana state, brazil. four samplings were undertaken in a legally protect ... | 2010 | 21246993 |
| echolocation call intensity and directionality in flying short-tailed fruit bats, carollia perspicillata (phyllostomidae). | the directionality of bat echolocation calls defines the width of bats' sonar "view," while call intensity directly influences detection range since adequate sound energy must impinge upon objects to return audible echoes. both are thus crucial parameters for understanding biosonar signal design. phyllostomid bats have been classified as low intensity or "whispering bats," but recent data indicate that this designation may be inaccurate. echolocation beam directionality in phyllostomids has only ... | 2011 | 21303022 |
| nucleolar behavior during meiosis in four species of phyllostomid bats (chiroptera, mammalia). | we analyzed the behavior of the nucleolus, nucleolar structures and nucleolus organizer regions (nors) during meiotic division in four species of phyllostomid bats that have different numbers and locations of nors. nucleoli began disassembly at leptotene, and the subcomponents released from the nucleolus were dispersed in the nucleoplasm, associated with perichromosomal regions, or they remained associated with nors throughout division. in phyllostomus discolor, a delay in nucleolus disassembly ... | 2011 | 21491366 |
| trapped in the darkness of the night: thermal and energetic constraints of daylight flight in bats. | bats are one of the most successful mammalian groups, even though their foraging activities are restricted to the hours of twilight and night-time. some studies suggested that bats became nocturnal because of overheating when flying in daylight. this is because--in contrast to feathered wings of birds--dark and naked wing membranes of bats efficiently absorb short-wave solar radiation. we hypothesized that bats face elevated flight costs during daylight flights, since we expected them to alter w ... | 2011 | 21208959 |
| bat-species richness in the pantanal floodplain and its surrounding uplands. | we studied the bat fauna of the pantanal floodplain and its surrounding plateaus in mato grosso do sul, brazil, based on the scientific collection at universidade anhanguera-uniderp and on the projeto morcegos do pantanal data bank at ufms, comprising 9,037 captures of 56 species recorded from 1994 to 2007. the pantanal surveys were carried out in the nhecolândia, aquidauana, miranda, and paraguai sub-regions; the uplands surveys took place in the maracaju, bodoquena, and urucum formations. bat ... | 2011 | 21537604 |
| time and seasonal patterns of activity of phyllostomid in fragments of a stational semidecidual forest from the upper paraná river, southern brazil. | bats may exhibit different patterns of activity, considering aspects concerning niche dynamics as well as the establishment and permanence of the communities in the ecosystems. in this way, the present study analyzed the time and seasonal patterns of activity in different species of frequent phyllostomid bats in remnants of the stational semidecidual forest from the upper paraná river, southern brazil. captures were performed between january and december, 2006, using 32 mist nets set above the s ... | 2010 | 21180897 |
| bat flies on phyllostomid hosts in the cerrado region: component community, prevalence and intensity of parasitism. | streblidae flies are specialised parasites of bat hosts, mainly phyllostomids. there is a high richness of streblids in the savannah-like cerrado region; however, there is little quantitative data available in parasitological indices. here, we describe the component community, prevalence and intensity of a streblid infestation on a phyllostomid bat assemblage in serra da bodoquena, a cerrado region in southwest brazil. we conducted surveys by capturing and inspecting bat hosts during the seven-m ... | 2011 | 21655813 |
| early oogenesis in the bat carollia perspicillata: transient germ cell cysts and noncanonical intercellular bridges. | the ovaries of early embryos (40 days after fertilization) of the bat carollia perspicillata contain numerous germ-line cysts, which are composed of 10 to 12 sister germ cells (cystocytes). the variability in the number of cystocytes within the cyst and between the cysts (that defies the giardina rule) indicates that the mitotic divisions of the cystoblast are asynchronous in this bat species. the serial section analysis showed that the cystocytes are interconnected via intercellular bridges tha ... | 2011 | 21681920 |
| reinfestation of streblidae ectoparasites (diptera) in carollia perspicillata (linnaeus, 1758) (chiroptera). | the mark-recapture method allows analysis on the variation in the abundance of bat ectoparasites at consecutive captures. the objectives of this study were to compare the pattern of streblidae parasitism between capture and recapture of c. perspicillata; ascertain whether the abundance of streblidae varied with time after removal of ectoparasites at capture and analyze whether the intensity of parasitism remained the same in each individual at capture and recapture. using bats netted in the stat ... | 2011 | 22166388 |
| rapid development and screening of microsatellite loci for artibeus lituratus and their utility for six related species within phyllostomidae. | microsatellites are often the marker of choice for population genetic studies at intermediate spatial and temporal scales. developing large numbers of markers has traditionally been technically difficult, and this has limited our ability to investigate evolutionary phenomena that emerge across short temporal scales. moreover, few markers tend to successfully amplify across species boundaries. as rapid advancements in high-throughput sequencing make microsatellite development cost- and time-effec ... | 2011 | 21592315 |
| coccidioides posadasii infection in bats, brazil. | to analyze the eco-epidemiologic aspects of histoplasma capsulatum in brazil, we tested 83 bats for this fungus. although h. capsulatum was not isolated, coccidioides posadasii was recovered from carollia perspicillata bat lungs. immunologic studies detected coccidioidal antibodies and antigens in glossophaga soricina and desmodus rotundus bats. | 2012 | 22469192 |
| isolation and molecular identification of leishmania chagasi from a bat (carollia perspicillata) in northeastern venezuela. | this report describes the isolation of a leishmania chagasi strain from a bat (carollia perspicillata), and its identification using biological methods and molecular characterization. the parasites were isolated in an artificial culture medium from a blood sample extracted from a bat heart. the isolate was then inoculated into the footpads of balb/c mice, which subsequently developed a typical nodular leishmanial lesion; the parasites were confirmed as leishmania by smear and histopathology. mol ... | 2008 | 18661000 |
| assessing genetic variability in bat species of emballonuridae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae and molossidae families (chiroptera) by rflp-pcr. | a pcr-rflp analysis of the restriction pattern in nuclear (rag2) and mitochondrial (12s/16s) gene sequences of bat species from the molossidae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae, and emballonuridae families produced a large number of fragments: 107 for rag2 and 155 for 12s/16s combined in 139 and 402 haplotypes, respectively. the values detected for gene variation were low for both sequences (0.13 for rag2 and 0.15 for 12s/16s) and reflected their conservative feature, reinforced by high values o ... | 2008 | 19048495 |
| high paracellular nutrient absorption in intact bats is associated with high paracellular permeability in perfused intestinal segments. | water-soluble nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine via transcellular and paracellular mechanisms. based on a few previous studies, the capacity for paracellular nutrient absorption seems greater in flying mammals than in nonflying mammals, but there has been little investigation of the mechanisms driving this difference. therefore, we studied three species each of bats (artibeus lituratus, sturnira lilium and carollia perspicillata) and nonflying mammals (akodon montensis, mus musculus ... | 2014 | 25104759 |
| bat flies (diptera: streblidae, nycteribiidae) and mites (acari) associated with bats (mammalia: chiroptera) in a high-altitude region in southern minas gerais, brazil. | a total of 71 bat flies belonging to families nycteribiidae and streblidae, and 37 mites were collected on 12 species of bats (phyllostomidae and vespertilionidae) from the chapada do abanador (minas gerais, brazil), between july 2009 and april 2010. two new occurrences of ectoparasites were recorded on histiotus velatus (bat fly basilia producta) and on carollia perspicillata (mite parichoronyssus bakeri). five new occurrences were recorded for the state of minas gerais, increasing the range fo ... | 2013 | 24338319 |
| toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of natal, northeastern brazil. | toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. in the municipality of natal, rio grande do norte state, brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. this study aimed to investigate the presence of toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the parque da ... | 2017 | 25517529 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bolivian bat trypanosomes of the subgenus schizotrypanum based on cytochrome b sequence and minicircle analyses. | the aim of this study was to establish the phylogenetic relationships of trypanosomes present in blood samples of bolivian carollia bats. eighteen cloned stocks were isolated from 115 bats belonging to carollia perspicillata (phyllostomidae) from three amazonian areas of the chapare province of bolivia and studied by xenodiagnosis using the vectors rhodnius robustus and triatoma infestans (trypanosoma cruzi marenkellei) or haemoculture (trypanosoma dionisii). the pcr dna amplified was analyzed b ... | 2012 | 22590570 |
| phyllostomid bat microbiome composition is associated to host phylogeny and feeding strategies. | the members of the phyllostomidae, the new-world leaf-nosed family of bats, show a remarkable evolutionary diversification of dietary strategies including insectivory, as the ancestral trait, followed by appearance of carnivory and plant-based diets such as nectarivory and frugivory. here we explore the microbiome composition of different feeding specialists: insectivore macrotus waterhousii, sanguivore desmodus rotundus, nectarivores leptonycteris yerbabuenae and glossophaga soricina, and frugi ... | 2015 | 26042099 |
| neotropical bats from costa rica harbour diverse coronaviruses. | bats are hosts of diverse coronaviruses (covs) known to potentially cross the host-species barrier. for analysing coronavirus diversity in a bat species-rich country, a total of 421 anal swabs/faecal samples from costa rican bats were screened for cov rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene sequences by a pancoronavirus pcr. six families, 24 genera and 41 species of bats were analysed. the detection rate for cov was 1%. individuals (n = 4) from four different species of frugivorous (artibeus ja ... | 2015 | 25653111 |
| nutritional content of bat-consumed fruits in a forest fragment in southern brazil. | the state park mata dos godoy has 42 identified bat species, among which 21 are frugivorous and belong to the phyllostomidae family. current study investigated the concentrations of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in fruits consumed by artibeus lituratus, carollia perspicillata and sturnira lilium to understand their potential differentiated food preferences. the sampling effort it was from april/2013 to march/2014. animals captured in mist nets were identified in the field and maintained in cot ... | 2016 | 27533724 |
| olfaction in the fruit-eating bats artibeus lituratus and carollia perspicillata: an experimental analysis. | studies suggest that frugivorous bats search and select fruit mainly by olfaction so that they can be attracted by smell alone. the aim of this study was to evaluate, in captivity, the behavioural response (number of foraging attempts) of artibeus lituratus and carollia perspicillata offered essential oils extracted from ripe fruit of ficus insipida (moraceae) and piper hispidum (piperaceae) as well as intact fruit wrapped in gauze to attract bats with reduced visual stimuli. based on previous r ... | 2015 | 26536853 |
| bat airway epithelial cells: a novel tool for the study of zoonotic viruses. | bats have been increasingly recognized as reservoir of important zoonotic viruses. however, until now many attempts to isolate bat-borne viruses in cell culture have been unsuccessful. further, experimental studies on reservoir host species have been limited by the difficulty of rearing these species. the epithelium of the respiratory tract plays a central role during airborne transmission, as it is the first tissue encountered by viral particles. although several cell lines from bats were estab ... | 2014 | 24454736 |