| songbird abundance and parasitism differ between urban and rural shrublands. | many studies have examined differences in avian community composition between urban and rural habitats, but few, if any, have looked at nesting success of urban shrubland birds in a replicated fashion while controlling for habitat. we tested factors affecting nest survival, parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird (molothrus ater), and species abundance in shrubland habitat in rural and urban landscapes. we found no support for our hypothesis that nest survival was lower in urban landscapes, but s ... | 2006 | 16705988 |
| proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions. | ecologists increasingly recognize that birds can respond to features well beyond their normal areas of activity, but little is known about the relative importance of landscapes and proximate factors or about the scales of landscapes that influence bird distributions. we examined the influences of tree cover at both proximate and landscape scales on grassland birds, a group of birds of high conservation concern, in the sheyenne national grassland in north dakota, usa. the grassland contains a div ... | 2006 | 16827003 |
| vector-host interactions and epizootiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus in massachusetts. | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for outbreaks of severe disease in humans and equines, resulting in high mortality or severe neurological impairment in most survivors. in the northeastern united states, eee virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura (coquillett) and passerine birds in freshwater swamp habitats. to evaluate the role of cs. melanura and culiseta morsitan ... | 2013 | 23473221 |
| assessing multiregion avian benefits from strategically targeted agricultural buffers. | mounting evidence of wildlife population gains from targeted conservation practices has prompted the need to develop and evaluate practices that are integrated into production agriculture systems and targeted toward specific habitat objectives. however, effectiveness of targeted conservation actions across broader landscapes is poorly understood. we evaluated multiregion, multispecies avian densities on row-crop fields with native grass field margins (i.e., buffers) as part of the first u.s. agr ... | 2014 | 24779636 |
| image texture predicts avian density and species richness. | for decades, ecologists have measured habitat attributes in the field to understand and predict patterns of animal distribution and abundance. however, the scale of inference possible from field measured data is typically limited because large-scale data collection is rarely feasible. this is problematic given that conservation and management typical require data that are fine grained yet broad in extent. recent advances in remote sensing methodology offer alternative tools for efficiently chara ... | 2013 | 23675463 |
| avian seed preference and weight loss experiments: the effect of fungal endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds. | the impact of endophytic fungus-infected seeds on seed predators is poorly understood. in this multiple trophic level investigation, seed preference experiments were conducted to determine whether five species of passerines (dark-eyed juncos, junco hyemalis; american tree sparrows, spizella arborea; song sparrows, melospiza melodia; chipping sparrows, spizella pusilla; and house sparrows, passer domesticus) recognize and preferentially consume noninfected (ni) over infected (i) seeds of tall fes ... | 1991 | 28312146 |
| seasonal variation in group size is related to seasonal variation in neuropeptide receptor density. | in many species, seasonal variation in grouping behavior is widespread, with shifts towards territoriality in the breeding season and grouping in the winter. compared to the hormonal and neural mechanisms of seasonal territorial aggression, the mechanisms that promote seasonal grouping have received little attention. we collected brains in spring and winter from wild-caught males of two species of emberizid sparrows that seasonally flock (the field sparrow, spizella pusilla, and the dark-eyed ju ... | 2016 | 27788503 |
| to flock or fight: neurochemical signatures of divergent life histories in sparrows. | many bird species exhibit dramatic seasonal switches between territoriality and flocking, but whereas neuroendocrine mechanisms of territorial aggression have been extensively studied, those of seasonal flocking are unknown. we collected brains in spring and winter from male field sparrows (spizella pusilla), which seasonally flock, and male song sparrows (melospiza melodia), which are territorial year-round in much of their range. spring collections were preceded by field-based assessments of a ... | 2012 | 22723363 |
| effects of vegetation, corridor width and regional land use on early successional birds on powerline corridors. | powerline rights-of-way (rows) often provide habitat for early successional bird species that have suffered long-term population declines in eastern north america. to determine how the abundance of shrubland birds varies with habitat within row corridors and with land use patterns surrounding corridors, we ran poisson regression models on data from 93 plots on rows and compared regression coefficients. we also determined nest success rates on a 1-km stretch of row. seven species of shrubland bir ... | 2012 | 22363660 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of an endangered mexican sparrow: spizella wortheni. | the worthen's sparrow (spizella wortheni) is an endemic bird species of the mexican plateau that is protected by mexican law. considering its limited range (25 km(2)), small population size (100-120 individuals), and declining population, it is one of the most endangered avian species in north america. although it has been assumed to be the sister taxon of the field sparrow (spizella pusilla), the systematic and evolutionary relationships of worthen's sparrow have never been tested using modern ... | 2010 | 20723611 |
| song development by chipping sparrows and field sparrows. | when, where and from whom young songbirds learn their songs have been controversial issues in the study of song development. we chose to study some of these issues in two migratory and closely related songbirds, the chipping sparrow, spizella passerina, and field sparrow, spizella pusilla. nestlings of both species were collected in western massachusetts and hand-reared in the laboratory. there, juveniles were placed in separate cages and assigned to one of three rooms; in each room were eight y ... | 1999 | 10373261 |
| ecophysiological constraints shape autumn migratory response to climate change in the north american field sparrow. | our ability to accurately forecast species' geographical responses to climate change requires knowledge of the proximate and ultimate drivers of their distribution. here, we consider the ecophysiological and demographic determinants of the distribution of a partial migrant, the north american field sparrow, spizella pusilla. from 1940 to 1963, the field sparrow extended its winter northern range margin 222 km polewards. such expansion was coincident with not only a geographical expansion into su ... | 2008 | 18664419 |
| effect of septal lesions on male song and aggression in the colonial zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) and the territorial field sparrow (spizella pusilla) | the present investigation assessed the effect of lesions of the septum on male courtship and aggression in the territorial field sparrow (spizella pusilla) and the colonial zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata). in addition, pair-bonding and a variety of other social behaviors were examined in the zebra finch and dawn song (both the strictly agonistic song type and the multipurpose song type) was examined in the field sparrow. zebra finches were tested in three phases both before and after receiving ... | 1999 | 10342406 |
| effect of septal lesions on male song and aggression in the colonial zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) and the territorial field sparrow (spizella pusilla) | the present investigation assessed the effect of lesions of the septum on male courtship and aggression in the territorial field sparrow (spizella pusilla) and the colonial zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata). in addition, pair-bonding and a variety of other social behaviors were examined in the zebra finch and dawn song (both the strictly agonistic song type and the multipurpose song type) was examined in the field sparrow. zebra finches were tested in three phases both before and after receiving ... | 1999 | 10210532 |
| territorial aggression and dawn song are modulated by septal vasotocin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in male field sparrows (spizella pusilla). | previous experiments demonstrate that lesions of the septum produce opposite effects on intraspecific male aggression in the territorial field sparrow (spizella pusilla) and the colonial zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata; facilitate vs inhibit, respectively) and intraseptal infusions of arginine vasotocin (avt) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) modulate aggression in the male zebra finch (facilitate and inhibit, respectively). the present experiments were conducted to test the hypothese ... | 1998 | 9735230 |
| vasotocin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide modulate aggression in a territorial songbird, the violet-eared waxbill (estrildidae: uraeginthus granatina). | previous research demonstrates that intraseptal administrations of arginine vasotocin (avt) inhibit male aggression in the territorial field sparrow (emberizidae: spizella pusilla) but facilitate aggression in the colonial zebra finch (estrildidae: taeniopygia guttata). in order to determine whether this difference may be related to the territorial and colonial social organizations of these two species, the effect of avt infusions was examined in a territorial estrildid species, the violet-eared ... | 1998 | 9679095 |
| neurobiology of avian social organization. effects of lateral septum lesions in a territorial songbird, the field sparrow (spizella pusilla), and a colonial songbird, the zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata). | | 1997 | 9071387 |
| song frequency as a cue for recognition of species and individuals in the field sparrow (spizella pusilla). | estimate the amount of frequency variation that affected individual and species recognition by song in territorial male field sparrows with field playbacks of neighbors' songs lowered in frequency in 6 increments between 324 and 1296 hz. males gave strong responses to neighbors' songs that had been lowered by about 400 hz, which is about 11% of the mean midfrequency in field sparrow song. territorial responses were eliminated when neighbors' songs were lowered by more than about 900 hz. thus, th ... | 1989 | 2736910 |
| [control of birds in the agricultural area: the house and field sparrow]. | | 1986 | 3522177 |
| temporal summation of pure tones in birds. | two parakeets and two field sparrows were trained by a method of avoidance conditioning to respond to pure tones. absolute thresholds were obtained for 10 durations of a 2.86-khz tone. the temporal integration function for these four birds can best be described by a time constant pi of 230 ms. these data are similar to those reported for a number of other species. | 1979 | 447919 |
| [gamasidae in house and field sparrows in moscow and in moscow suburbs]. | | 2009 | 13589477 |
| avian health across the landscape: nestling immunity covaries with changing landcover. | the landscape composition of an organism's home range or territory should influence aspects of its condition, including measures of immune function. changes in immunocompetence arising from variation in landcover may provide important links between habitat changes and patterns of disease spread. to establish a baseline understanding for whether immune measures covary with changes in landcover, we examined associations between immunological parameters and landcover composition for adults and nest ... | 2019 | 31086961 |
| arrival timing and the influence of weather experienced during the nonbreeding and breeding periods on correlates of reproductive success in female field sparrows (spizella pusilla) breeding in northeastern pennsylvania, usa. | increasing evidence suggests that the environment encountered by migrating landbirds during the nonbreeding season, including temperature and precipitation, may influence individuals and population processes in subsequent seasons. however, to date, most studies have focused on linkages between factors encountered during the wintering and breeding periods in long-distance, primarily insectivorous landbirds. here, we take advantage of a long-term (23 breeding seasons) data set on the arrival and b ... | 2020 | 32328788 |