| a comparison of the genes which encode non-structural protein ns3 of different orbiviruses. | the segment 10 (s10) genes of african horsesickness virus (ahsv), palyam virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus were translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. each of the s10 genes encoded two proteins ns3 and ns3a, which were shown to be related by peptide mapping. cloned copies of the s10 genes of two ahsv serotypes (ahsv-3 and ahsv-9) and palyam virus were sequenced and compared to each other and to the nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus (btv) gene s10. two in-p ... | 1991 | 2033391 |
| further studies on bluetongue and bluetongue-related orbiviruses in the sudan. | the seasonal incidence of bluetongue virus (btv) in central sudan is related primarily to fluctuations in the prevalence of the vector, culicoides imicola. population densities of this midge begin to rise with the onset of precipitation and peak during october, before falling sharply at the end of the rainy season in november. these are also the months of btv transmission. populations of c. schultzei, the commonest midge in central sudan, are also related to the rainy season but this species doe ... | 1990 | 2174372 |
| bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer and related viruses: current situation in australia. | since 1975 3 serotypes of bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) have been identified in australia: btv1 (csiro156), btv20 (csiro19) and btv21. at present 2 further bt viruses (dpp90 and dpp192) have been isolated from the blood of healthy cattle in the northern territory (nt) and are undergoing identification. there is serological evidence for btv15 infection in western australia (wa) and the nt, and a background level of serological activity to btv serotypes 1 to 17. in addition, over 50 isolations of ep ... | 1985 | 2989863 |
| sequence relatedness of palyam virus genes to cognates of the palyam serogroup viruses by rna-rna blot hybridization. | cognate genes of nine members of the palyam serogroup of orbiviruses have been identified and their relatedness to the prototype, palyam virus, has been determined. viral dsrna segments were electrophoresed through 10% polyacrylamide gels, transferred to membranes, and hybridized to labeled rna from palyam virus under hybridization conditions using 52 degrees, 50% formamide, 5 x ssc. cognate genes of each virus isolate were identified by hybridizing their genomes to [5'-32p]pcp-labeled, isolated ... | 1985 | 4060583 |
| evaluation of a commercial competitive elisa test kit for the detection of group-specific antibodies to bluetongue virus. | the performance of a competitive (c) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit, blueplate special (bps), commercially produced by diagxotics (wilton, ct) for detection of group-specific antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv) was compared with that of an internationally endorsed celisa-i. a total of 1,026 serum samples were tested in this study: 133 samples from 23 calves and 3 sheep experimentally infected with south african isolates of 19 btv serotypes and us isolates of 5 btv serotypes ... | 1993 | 8396982 |
| expression and antigenic characterization of the major core protein vp7 of chuzan virus, a member of the palyam serogroup orbiviruses. | the palyam serogroup-specific antigen, vp7, of chuzan virus strain k-47 was expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus. the expressed protein appeared as a single band of 38kda corresponding to the predicted molecular mass of chuzan virus vp7 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). in immunoprecipitation analysis, the recombinant vp7 was not only recognized by all polyclonal antibodies against the palyam serogroup viruses (palv) tested in this study, but also by antiser ... | 2001 | 11600267 |
| evidence of an antigenic shift among palyam serogroup orbiviruses. | the japanese isolates of palyam serogroup viruses isolated from 1985 to 2001 were investigated for the genome sequence of segments 2 and 7 and were phylogenetically analyzed in comparison with australian and african isolates of the same serogroup. the nucleotide sequences of segment 7 were highly conserved within japanese isolates (95.1 to 100%) and between japanese and taiwanese isolates (96.0 to 100%), whereas the identities between japanese and taiwanese isolates and australian and african is ... | 2004 | 15472317 |
| a duplex rt-pcr assay for detection of genome segment 7 (vp7 gene) from 24 btv serotypes. | since 1998, six distinct serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) have invaded southern and central europe, persisting in some regions for up to 6 years and resulting in the deaths of >1.8 million sheep. rapid and reliable methods of virus detection and identification play an essential part in our fight against bluetongue disease (bt). we have therefore developed and evaluated a duplex, one-step rt-pcr assay that detects genome segment 7 (encoding the major serogroup (virus-species) specific antigen ... | 2007 | 17241676 |
| serosurveillance of viral diseases in korean native goats (capra hircus). | a total of 804 goat sera were collected from 144 goat farms in five regions of south korea during a period between 2005 and 2006 and screened for the antibodies of viral pathogens in ruminants. the individual seropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/804) for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), 9.5% (76/804) for bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3v), 5.5% (44/804) for akabane virus (akav), 13.3% (107/804) for aino virus (ainv), 2.0% (16/804) for chuzan virus (chuv) and 1.0% (8/804) for bov ... | 2008 | 18840974 |
| a single-tube rt-pcr for rapid detection and differentiation of some african isolates of palyam serogroup orbiviruses. | a single-tube nested reverse transcriptase (nrt) polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr) was developed and evaluated for detection of palyam serogroup orbiviruses ribonucleic acid (rna) in cell cultures and clinical samples. a pair of outer primers (pal1 and pal2), designed from genome segment three of chuzan virus of the palyam viruses serogroup, resulted in amplification of a primary 660-base pair (bp) pcr product. using a pair of internal (nested) primers (pal3 and pal4), the nrt-pcr produced a 3 ... | 2009 | 19500619 |
| development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic aino, akabane and chuzan viruses. | aino, akabane and chuzan viruses are arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses transmitted by blood-sucking insects like mosquitoes and culicoides biting midges. these arbovirus infections are mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital defects in pregnant cattle, sheep and goats, which induces a considerable economic loss in livestock industry. the viruses seem to be widely distributed in southeast asia and australia. as a control strategy, an inactivated trivalent vaccine against aino, aka ... | 2011 | 21411335 |
| zoonotic and emerging orbivirus infections. | many novel emerging orbiviruses have been isolated in the past 15 years. important viruses include peruvian horse sickness virus (phsv) and yunnan orbivirus (yuov), pathogens of equids which were originally isolated almost simultaneously from 1997 to 1999 in the people's republic of china, australia and peru. yuov has also been isolated from cattle, sheep and a dog. the isolation of yuovfrom a dog is not the first case of an orbivirus being isolated from a carnivore. bluetongue virus and african ... | 2015 | 26601440 |
| complete genome sequence of a chuzan virus strain isolated for the first time in mainland china. | chuzan virus (chuv) belongs to the palyam serogroup, causes bovine congenital disease, and is prevalent in asia. to date, only one full palyam virus (palv) genome sequence, that of japanese chuv strain k47, has been reported. sequence analysis indicates that palv strains isolated from different geographical regions show significant diversity, which is mainly shaped by geographically independent evolution and genetic reassortment. our understanding of the genetic characteristics of palv is hamper ... | 2016 | 26733292 |