| [anaerobic effect of tinidazol compared with metronidazol, ornidazol, cefoxitin and lamoxactam]. | the in vitro inhibitory activity of tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and moxalactam was determined against 150 isolates of clinically important anaerobes including bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides bivius and clostridium perfringens by means of agar dilution tests. the members of 18 gramnegative and 14 grampositive species were inhibited by tinidazole at less than or equal to 0,01-8 micrograms/ml thus being without exception susceptible to the drug. a similar in vitro activity wa ... | 1983 | 6676177 |
| inhibitory effect of some intestinal bacteria on liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic c3h/he male mice. | liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic c3h/he male mice was markedly promoted by association with a bacterial combination of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, and clostridium paraputrificum. this study demonstrated that this promoting effect was suppressed by addition of certain intestinal bacteria, such as bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus acidophilus, and eubacterium rectale. | 1980 | 6780184 |
| variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | six 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed, validated, and used to quantify predominant groups of anaerobic bacteria in human fecal samples. a set of two probes was specific for species of the bacteroides fragilis group and the species bacteroides distasonis. two others were designed to detect species of the clostridium histolyticum and the clostridium lituseburense groups. another probe was designed for the genera streptococcus and lactococcus, and the final probe was designed f ... | 1998 | 9726880 |
| phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut. | butyrate is a preferred energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is thought to play an important role in maintaining colonic health in humans. in order to investigate the diversity and stability of butyrate-producing organisms of the colonic flora, anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria were isolated from freshly voided human fecal samples from three healthy individuals: an infant, an adult omnivore, and an adult vegetarian. a second isolation was performed on the same three individuals 1 y ... | 2000 | 10742256 |
| purification, cloning, and characterization of an arylsulfotransferase from the anaerobic bacterium eubacterium rectale iiih. | a bacterium, eubacterium rectale iiih, which possessed arylsulfotransferase (asst) activity was isolated from human feces. the asst gene (asta) was cloned and the corresponding protein partially characterized. this gene shows only moderate homology to the previously sequenced asst genes of klebsiella and enterobacter, which are very closely related to each other. | 2000 | 11320417 |
| oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with a human faecal flora. | dietary incorporation of fermentable, indigestible fructans may be of benefit to gastrointestinal health by providing short-chain fatty acids, stimulating the proliferation of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli and suppressing potential pathogenic organisms in the gut. we tested the hypothesis that the effects of fructans on caecal, colonic and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and microflora composition depend on their chain length. germ-free rats associated with a human faecal flora were ... | 2001 | 11502244 |
| analysis of 16s libraries of mouse gastrointestinal microflora reveals a large new group of mouse intestinal bacteria. | total genomic dna from samples of intact mouse small intestine, large intestine, caecum and faeces was used as template for pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene sequences with conserved bacterial primers. phylogenetic analysis of the amplification products revealed 40 unique 16s rdna sequences. of these sequences, 25% (10/40) corresponded to described intestinal organisms of the mouse, including lactobacillus spp., helicobacter spp., segmented filamentous bacteria and members of the altered schaed ... | 2002 | 12427955 |
| effects of alternative dietary substrates on competition between human colonic bacteria in an anaerobic fermentor system. | duplicate anaerobic fermentor systems were used to examine changes in a community of human fecal bacteria supplied with different carbohydrate energy sources. a panel of group-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization probes targeting 16s rrna sequences revealed that the fermentors supported growth of a greater proportion of bacteroides and a lower proportion of gram-positive anaerobes related to faecalibacterium prausnitzii, ruminococcus flavefaciens-ruminococcus bromii, eubacterium rectale-cl ... | 2003 | 12571040 |
| butyrivibrio hungatei sp. nov. and pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans sp. nov., butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen. | two novel gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing bacterial species, strains mz 5t and jk 615t, were isolated from the rumen fluid of cow and sheep. both strains were curved rods that were motile by means of single polar or subpolar flagellum and common in the rumen microbial ecosystem. strain mz 5t produced high xylanase, proteinase, pectin hydrolase and dnase activities; 1,4-beta-endoglucanase was also detected in the culture medium. the bacterium utilized a wide range ... | 2003 | 12656174 |
| composition of microbiota in content and mucus from cecae of broiler chickens as measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific, 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | six group-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to investigate the composition of the microbiota of cecal content and mucus from broiler chickens. together, the probes hybridized to as many as 94.7% of the bacteria detectable with the universal probe bact338 in the content of the cecum of 2-d-old chicks. fewer bacteria gave signals with these probes as the birds aged, and coverage was as low as 76% for the bacteria in cecal content of a 6-wk-old chicken. in the cecal conten ... | 2003 | 12943294 |
| effects of dietary fibre-rich juice colloids from apple pomace extraction juices on intestinal fermentation products and microbiota in rats. | effects of colloids isolated from apple pomace extraction juices (so-called b-juices) produced by enzymic liquefaction on food intake, body and faecal weights, short-chain fatty acid (scfa) profile and selected intestinal microbiota were investigated in rats. ten male wistar rats per group were fed diets without any apple dietary fibre (df) (control) or supplement with 5 % b-juice colloids or an alcohol-insoluble substance (ais) from apples for 6 weeks. rats fed with apple df (5 % b-juice colloi ... | 2003 | 13129467 |
| lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. | the microbial community of the human colon contains many bacteria that produce lactic acid, but lactate is normally detected only at low concentrations (<5 mm) in feces from healthy individuals. it is not clear, however, which bacteria are mainly responsible for lactate utilization in the human colon. here, bacteria able to utilize lactate and produce butyrate were identified among isolates obtained from 10(-8) dilutions of fecal samples from five different subjects. out of nine such strains ide ... | 2004 | 15466518 |
| spatial organization and composition of the mucosal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | the composition and spatial organization of the mucosal flora in biopsy specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd; either crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), self-limiting colitis, irritable-bowel syndrome (ibs), and healthy controls were investigated by using a broad range of fluorescent bacterial group-specific rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. each group included 20 subjects. ten patients who had ibd and who were being treated with antibiotics were also studied. use ... | 2005 | 16000463 |
| genetic diversity of viable, injured, and dead fecal bacteria assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and 16s rrna gene analysis. | a novel approach combining a flow cytometric in situ viability assay with 16s rrna gene analysis was used to study the relationship between diversity and activity of the fecal microbiota. simultaneous staining with propidium iodide (pi) and syto bc provided clear discrimination between intact cells (49%), injured or damaged cells (19%), and dead cells (32%). the three subpopulations were sorted and characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of 16s rrna gene amplicons obtaine ... | 2005 | 16085863 |
| in vitro determination of prebiotic properties of oligosaccharides derived from an orange juice manufacturing by-product stream. | fermentation properties of oligosaccharides derived from orange peel pectin were assessed in mixed fecal bacterial culture. the orange peel oligosaccharide fraction contained glucose in addition to rhamnogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan pectic oligosaccharides. twenty-four-hour, temperature- and ph-controlled, stirred anaerobic fecal batch cultures were used to determine the effects that oligosaccharides derived from orange products had on the composition of the fecal microbiota. the effects we ... | 2005 | 16332825 |
| differences in fecal microbiota in different european study populations in relation to age, gender, and country: a cross-sectional study. | a cross-sectional study on intestinal microbiota composition was performed on 230 healthy subjects at four european locations in france, germany, italy, and sweden. the study participants were assigned to two age groups: 20 to 50 years (mean age, 35 years; n = 85) and >60 years (mean age, 75 years; n = 145). a set of 14 group- and species-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes was applied to the analysis of fecal samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with flow cytometr ... | 2006 | 16461645 |
| molecular monitoring of the fecal microbiota of healthy human subjects during administration of lactulose and saccharomyces boulardii. | diet is a major factor in maintaining a healthy human gastrointestinal tract, and this has triggered the development of functional foods containing a probiotic and/or prebiotic component intended to improve the host's health via modulation of the intestinal microbiota. in this study, a long-term placebo-controlled crossover feeding study in which each subject received several treatments was performed to monitor the effect of a prebiotic substrate (i.e., lactulose), a probiotic organism (i.e., sa ... | 2006 | 16957220 |
| molecular diversity, cultivation, and improved detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization of a dominant group of human gut bacteria related to roseburia spp. or eubacterium rectale. | phylogenetic analysis was used to compare 16s rrna sequences from 19 cultured human gut strains of roseburia and eubacterium rectale with 356 related sequences derived from clone libraries. the cultured strains were found to represent five of the six phylotypes identified. a new oligonucleotide probe, rrec584, and the previous group probe rint623, when used in conjunction with a new helper oligonucleotide, each recognized an average of 7% of bacteria detected by the eubacterial probe eub338 in f ... | 2006 | 16957265 |
| selective colonization of insoluble substrates by human faecal bacteria. | insoluble plant polysaccharides and endogenous mucin are important energy sources for human colonic microorganisms. the object of this study was to determine whether or not specific communities colonize these substrates. using faecal samples from four individuals as inocula for an anaerobic in vitro continuous flow system, the colonization of wheat bran, high amylose starch and porcine gastric mucin was examined. recovered substrates were extensively washed and the remaining tightly attached bac ... | 2007 | 17298367 |
| quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial community in one- to three-week-old commercially reared broiler chickens fed conventional or antibiotic-free vegetable-based diets. | to explore the effect of drug-free poultry production on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, the bacterial community of this environment was quantitatively profiled in both conventionally reared birds and birds reared without antibiotic growth promotants (agps) on a vegetable-based diet. | 2007 | 17381758 |
| metabolism of isoflavones, lignans and prenylflavonoids by intestinal bacteria: producer phenotyping and relation with intestinal community. | many studies have investigated the importance of the intestinal bacterial activation of individual phytoestrogens. however, human nutrition contains different phytoestrogens and the final exposure depends on the microbial potential to activate all different groups within each individual. in this work, interindividual variations in the bacterial activation of the different phytoestrogens were assessed. incubation of feces from 100 individuals using soylife extra, linumlife extra and isoxanthohumo ... | 2007 | 17506823 |
| cloning, expression and purification of arylsulfate sulfotransferase from eubacterium a-44. | a gene (asta) encoding arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst), which transfers a sulfate group from phenolic sulfate esters to phenolic acceptors, was cloned from a eubacterium a-44 genomic library. the probe (1.5 kb fragment) for the asta gene was prepared from the pcr product of the primers produced using two internal amino acid sequences of asst, which had been purified from eubacterium a-44. the asta gene was cloned into the pkf3 vector. its sequence revealed a 1863 bp open reading frame (orf) ... | 2007 | 17202651 |
| reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces. | weight loss diets for humans that are based on a high intake of protein but low intake of fermentable carbohydrate may alter microbial activity and bacterial populations in the large intestine and thus impact on gut health. in this study, 19 healthy, obese (body mass index range, 30 to 42) volunteers were given in succession three different diets: maintenance (m) for 3 days (399 g carbohydrate/day) and then high protein/medium (164 g/day) carbohydrate (hpmc) and high protein/low (24 g/day) carbo ... | 2007 | 17189447 |
| pcr dgge and rt-pcr dgge show diversity and short-term temporal stability in the clostridium coccoides-eubacterium rectale group in the human intestinal microbiota. | as the clostridium coccoides-eubacterium rectale (erec; clostridial phylogenetic cluster xiva) group is one of the major groups of the human intestinal microbiota, dna- and rna-based population analysis techniques (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; dgge) were developed and applied to assess the diversity and temporal stability (6 months-2 years) of this faecal clostridial microbiota in 12 healthy adults. the stability of the erec group was compared with the stability of the predominant ba ... | 2006 | 17117993 |
| prevalence and temporal stability of selected clostridial groups in irritable bowel syndrome in relation to predominant faecal bacteria. | the differences in faecal bacterial population between irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) and control subjects have been reported in several studies. the aim of the present study was to compare the predominant and clostridial faecal microbiota of ibs subjects and healthy controls by applying denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and a recently developed multiplexed and quantitative hybridization-based technique, transcript analysis with the aid of affinity capture (trac). according to the r ... | 2006 | 16585652 |
| effect of a milk formula containing probiotics on the fecal microbiota of asian infants at risk of atopic diseases. | the fecal microbiota of 37 infants with (n = 20) or without (n = 17) probiotic administration was evaluated on d 3, and at 1, 3, and 12 mo by fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry (fish-fc), pcr, and bacteriological culture methods. they represent consecutive subjects of an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on a probiotic formula (lgg and bifidobacterium longum) administered during the first 6 mo of life. despite varying composition in each baby, there was a general bact ... | 2007 | 17957155 |
| studies on the effect of system retention time on bacterial populations colonizing a three-stage continuous culture model of the human large gut using fish techniques. | fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to quantitate bacteria growing in a three-stage continuous culture system inoculated with human faeces, operated at two system retention times (60 and 20 h). twenty-three different 16s rrna gene oligonucleotide probes of varying specificities were used to detect bacteria. organisms belonging to genera bacteroides and bifidobacterium, together with the eubacterium rectale/clostridium coccoides group, the atopobium, faecalibacterium prausnitzii and eubac ... | 2006 | 16420637 |
| isoflavones and functional foods alter the dominant intestinal microbiota in postmenopausal women. | dietary phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are used as food additives to prevent menopause-related disorders. in addition to other factors, their bioavailability strongly depends on the activity of intestinal bacteria but the underlying interactions remain poorly understood. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken with 39 postmenopausal women to characterize changes in the dominant microbial communities of the intestinal tract after 2 mo of isoflavone supplementatio ... | 2005 | 16317121 |
| modulation of the fecal microbiota by the intake of a lactobacillus johnsonii la1-containing product in human volunteers. | lactobacillus johnsonii la1 (la1) is a probiotic strain capable of stimulating the immune system of the host and interfering with gastrointestinal pathogens. this study evaluates how the ingestion of different amounts of la1 influences the main bacterial populations of the fecal microbiota. eight asymptomatic volunteers participated in the study. after a basal period, they ingested daily 100 ml of a product containing 10(8) cfu ml(-1) of la1 during the first week, 200 ml during the second week a ... | 2005 | 15970400 |
| mucosa-associated bacteria in ulcerative colitis before and after antibiotic combination therapy. | we proposed that fusobacterium varium is one of the causative agents in ulcerative colitis. | 2005 | 15813838 |
| validation of fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry for assessing interindividual variation in the composition of human fecal microflora during long-term storage of samples. | this work was conducted to assess the accuracy of in situ hybridization to show differences in human microflora composition between volunteers and to optimize the storage of fecal samples to allow delayed analysis of gut microflora composition in humans. fecal samples from 25 healthy subjects (14 women, 11 men aged 24-51) were collected. the samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (pfa) solution at 4 degrees c overnight and stored at -70 degrees c. twenty samples were analysed to quantify the ... | 2004 | 15369862 |
| a new real time pcr (taqman pcr) system for detection of the16s rdna gene associated with fecal bacteria. | a recent pcr detection technique (taqman) based on a 3'-minor groove binder (mgb) probe was applied to the detection of fecal-dominant bacteria to assess fecal contamination in environmental samples. primers and probes used bacterial 16s ribosomal dna (16s rdna) as a gene marker and accurately defined with specificity a cluster of phylotypes within the gram-positive low gc division. this cluster of phylotypes, called fec1, corresponds to around 5% of human fecal microflora. fec1 clustered 16s rd ... | 2004 | 15325749 |
| molecular studies of fecal anaerobic commensal bacteria in acute diarrhea in children. | the commensal bacterial flora of the colon may undergo changes during diarrhea, owing to colonization of the intestine by pathogens and to rapid intestinal transit. this study used molecular methods to determine changes in the composition of selected commensal anaerobic bacteria during and after acute diarrhea in children. | 2008 | 18493205 |
| mucosal and invading bacteria in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with controls. | endogenous intestinal bacteria and/or specific bacterial pathogens are suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). the aim of this study was to investigate ibd tissues for different bacterial population groups harbouring the mucosal surface and/or invading the mucosa. | 2002 | 12374228 |
| molecular analysis of the digestive microbiota in a gnotobiotic mouse model during antibiotic treatment: influence of saccharomyces boulardii. | the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast that has been proven efficient in the prevention of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea and of clostridium difficile associated colitis. we evaluated the influence of the administration of s. boulardii on the composition of the fecal microbiota in a human microbiota-associated mouse model. this evaluation was run before, during and after a 7-day oral treatment with amoxicillin clavulanic acid. predominant groups of bacteria were quant ... | 2008 | 18511310 |
| roseburia intestinalis sp. nov., a novel saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium from human faeces. | five strains of butyrate-producing, anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria were isolated from human faecal material. these strains were slightly curved rods that showed motility by means of multiple subterminal flagella. the dna g + c content of the strains was 29-31 mol%. a detailed investigation of the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the strains revealed that they represent a novel species of anaerobic, low-g+c-content, butyrate-producing bacterium that shows net acetate utilization ... | 2002 | 12361264 |
| biostructure of fecal microbiota in healthy subjects and patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea. | dysbiosis is a key component of intestinal disorders. our aim was to quantitatively access the biostructure of fecal microbiota in healthy subjects and patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea and evaluate the responses to saccharomyces boulardii treatment. | 2008 | 18570896 |
| quantification of uncultured ruminococcus obeum-like bacteria in human fecal samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry using 16s rrna-targeted probes. | a 16s rrna-targeted probe was designed and validated in order to quantify the number of uncultured ruminococcus obeum-like bacteria by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). these bacteria have frequently been found in 16s ribosomal dna clone libraries prepared from bacterial communities in the human intestine. thirty-two reference strains from the human intestine, including a phylogenetically related strain and strains of some other ruminococcus species, were used as negative controls and di ... | 2002 | 12200269 |
| dna isolation protocols affect the detection limit of pcr approaches of bacteria in samples from the human gastrointestinal tract. | a major concern in molecular ecological studies is the lysis efficiency of different bacteria in a complex ecosystem. we used a pcr-based 16s rdna approach to determine the effect of two dna isolation protocols (i.e. the bead beating and triton-x100 method) on the detection limit of seven feces-associated bacterial species of different genera. glycogen was used in these protocols to improve the precipitation of small concentrations of dna in ethanol without affecting the sequential procedures. t ... | 2001 | 11822677 |
| detection of possible ai-2-mediated quorum sensing system in commensal intestinal bacteria. | the vibrio harveyi strain bb170-autoinducer bioassay was used to detect possible quorum sensing autoinducer-2 molecule (ai-2) in culture fluids of commensal intestinal bacteria. culture fluids of bacteroides vulgatus, clostridium proteoclasticum, escherichia coli, eubacterium rectale, lachnospira multipara, pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis, roseburia intestinalis, ruminococcus albus and ruminococcus flavefaciens contained ai-2-like molecules. the pcr bands from some of the tested strains could be also ... | 2008 | 18661296 |
| in vitro effects of selected synbiotics on the human faecal microbiota composition. | synbiotics are recognized means of modulating gut microbiota composition and activities. however, whether synbiotics are superior to prebiotics and probiotics alone in moderating the gut microbiota towards a purportedly healthy composition has not been determined. eight selected synbiotics (short-chain fructooligosaccharides or fructooligosaccharides, each combined with one of four probiotics, lactobacillus fermentum me-3, lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1, lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 or bifidoba ... | 2008 | 18673391 |
| intra-individual diversity and similarity of salivary and faecal microbiota. | in the present study, polyphasic analysis [cultivation, combined with the fingerprinting of individual isolates, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge)] was applied to study whether similar features concerning the diversity and temporal stability of selected bacterial groups could be detected intra-individually in two different niches - the oral cavity and the colon - from ten adult volunteers consuming probiotics. the predominant bacterial microbiota, clostridium coccoides-eubacteri ... | 2008 | 19018030 |
| bacterial succession in the colon during childhood and adolescence: molecular studies in a southern indian village. | the colonic bacterial flora, largely anaerobic, is believed to establish and stabilize in the first 2 y of life. | 2008 | 19064526 |
| rapid detection of human fecal eubacterium species and related genera by nested pcr method. | pcr procedures based on 16s rdna gene sequence specific for seven eubacterium spp. and eggerthella lenta that predominate in the human intestinal tract were developed, and used for direct detection of these species in seven human feces samples. three species of eggerthella lenta, eubacterium rectale, and eubacterium eligens were detected from seven fecal samples. eubacterium biforme was detected from six samples. it was reported that e. rectale, e. eligens, and e. biforme were difficult to detec ... | 2001 | 11386422 |
| direct analysis of genes encoding 16s rrna from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. | the human intestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. although this microbiota has been studied in great detail by culture techniques, microscopic counts on human feces suggest that 60 to 80% of the observable bacteria cannot be cultivated. using comparative analysis of cloned 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences, we have investigated the bacterial diversity (both cultivated and noncultivated bacteria) within an adult-male fecal sample. the 28 ... | 1999 | 10543789 |
| 16s rdna analysis of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens: phylogenetic position and relation to butyrate-producing anaerobic bacteria from the rumen of white-tailed deer. | complete 16s rdna sequences of six strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, including the type strain (atcc 19171), were determined. the type strain was found to have less than 89% sequence similarity to the other isolates that were examined. the five plasmid-bearing strains formed a closely related cluster and three of these strains (ob156, ob157 and ob192) were very highly related (> 99%), indicating that they are isolates of the same genomic species. the phylogenetic position of butyrivibrio was ... | 1996 | 8987694 |
| analysis of intestinal flora of a patient with congenital absence of the portal vein. | a 14-year-old female patient, admitted for a closer examination of liver tumour (hepatocellular adenoma), was diagnosed as having a congenital absence of the portal vein. the blood ammonia level (approximately 120 micrograms dl-1) in the superior mesenteric vein was markedly low compared to the normal value of 300-350 micrograms dl-1 in the portal vein. the decreased ammonia concentration and urease activity of the patient's faeces were demonstrated. the dominant intestinal flora in the faeces o ... | 1993 | 8364525 |
| serum agglutinins to eubacterium and peptostreptococcus species in crohn's and other diseases. | sera from patients suffering from crohn's and other diseases and from healthy subjects were tested for agglutinins to anaerobic, gram-positive coccoid rods belonging to species of eubacterium and peptostreptococcus. four strains labelled eubacterium contortum (two strains), eubacterium rectale and peptostreptococcus productus were agglutinated by a higher percentage of sera from patients with crohn's disease than from healthy subjects and from patients with liver and intestinal diseases (includi ... | 1981 | 7019318 |
| [efficacy of tinidazole against anaerobes in comparison with metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and lamoxactam]. | the in vitro inhibitory activity of tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and moxalactam was determined against 150 isolates of clinically important anaerobes including bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides bivius and clostridium perfringens by means of agar dilution tests. the members of 18 gramnegative and 14 grampositive species were inhibited by tinidazole at less than or equal to 0,01-8 micrograms/ml thus being without exception susceptible to the drug. a similar in vitro activity wa ... | 1983 | 6681175 |
| an rrna-based analysis for evaluating the effect of heat stress on the rumen microbial composition of holstein heifers. | we performed a set of heifer feeding trials to investigate the effect of heat and humidity stresses on the rumen bacterial molecular diversity of holstein heifers (tajima k, nonaka i, higuchi k, takusari n, kurihara m, takenaka a, et al. anaerobe 2007;13:57-64). to further characterize the response of the microbial community to the physiological changes caused by the stresses, we evaluated changes in the ruminal bacterial community composition in the same trials by applying an rna-based method ( ... | 2010 | 19446029 |
| design and evaluation of group-specific oligonucleotide probes for quantitative analysis of intestinal ecosystems: their application to assessment of equine colonic microflora. | nine oligonucleotide probes complementary to conserved regions of small subunit rrna from phylogenetically defined clusters of intestinal anaerobic bacteria were designed and evaluated for use in quantitative analysis of intestinal microflora. optimum wash temperatures (t(w)) were determined according to the temperature of dissociation (t(d)) of each probe and target group specificity was demonstrated by comparing hybridisation to target and non-target rrna immobilised on nylon membranes. three ... | 2003 | 19719641 |
| cell wall fragments from major residents of the human intestinal flora induce chronic arthritis in rats. | to investigate the involvement of human intestinal flora in joint inflammation, cell wall fragments of 9 anaerobic gram positive bacteria of the human fecal flora were prepared and tested for arthropathic properties in the rat. a single intraperitoneal injection of cell wall fragments from eubacterium aerofaciens or bifidobacterium species induced persistent chronic arthritis, in contrast to those from eubacterium rectale, clostridium species and lactobacillus leichmanii. the results show that c ... | 1989 | 2585403 |
| microbial and dietary factors are associated with the equol producer phenotype in healthy postmenopausal women. | equol, a microbial metabolite of daidzein, has been hypothesized as a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones but is excreted by only 33% of caucasians. microbial and dietary factors associated with the ability to harbor equol-producing bacteria were studied in a randomized dietary intervention trial with 100 healthy postmenopausal women. after a 4-d baseline period, subjects delivered first-void urine, fecal, and breath samples. during the 5-d treatment period, 3 portions of either ... | 2007 | 17885005 |
| characterization of an o-desmethylangolensin-producing bacterium isolated from human feces. | a bacterium that converted daidzein to o-desmethylangolensin was isolated from the feces of healthy humans. it was an obligately anaerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile and gram-positive rod. the isolate used glucose, sucrose, raffinose, maltose, and fructose as carbon sources. it did not hydrolyze gelatin, esculin, or starch. the strain was urease, acid phosphatase, and arginine dihydrolase positive. it was catalase, oxidase, h(2)s, and indole negative. the major products of glucose fermentation ... | 2010 | 19904524 |
| acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum. | acute appendicitis is a local intestinal inflammation with unclear origin. the aim was to test whether bacteria in appendicitis differ in composition to bacteria found in caecal biopsies from healthy and disease controls. | 2011 | 19926616 |
| in vitro evaluation of the prebiotic properties of almond skins (amygdalus communis l.). | in this study we investigated the potential prebiotic effect of natural (ns) and blanched (bs) almond skins, the latter being a byproduct of the almond-processing industry. a full model of the gastrointestinal tract, including in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion, followed by colonic fermentation using mixed faecal bacterial cultures, was used. both ns and bs significantly increased the population of bifidobacteria and clostridium coccoides/eubacterium rectale group, resulting in a prebiotic ... | 2010 | 20146750 |
| effect of inulin supplementation on selected gastric, duodenal, and caecal microbiota and short chain fatty acid pattern in growing piglets. | we explored whether bifidobacteria and lactobacilli numbers and other selected bacteria in the upper intestine and the caecum of growing pigs were affected by diet and intake of inulin. starting at two weeks after weaning (28 d) 72 pigs were fed two types of diets (wheat/barley (wb) or maize/gluten (mg)), without or with 3% inulin (wb + i, mg + i) for three and six weeks. intestinal bacteria were quantified by fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (n = 8/group). duration of feeding had no effect on ... | 2007 | 17760302 |
| differences between the fecal microbiota of coeliac infants and healthy controls. | coeliac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated enteropathy with a multifactorial aetiology, characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. although evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to other chronic inflammatory disorders, its possible role in cd has not been determined. in this study, the composition of the fecal microbiota of coeliac children and age-matched controls was investigated by culture-dependent and -independent methodologies, using fluorescent i ... | 2007 | 17489434 |
| understanding the effects of diet on bacterial metabolism in the large intestine. | recent analyses of ribosomal rna sequence diversity have demonstrated the extent of bacterial diversity in the human colon, and have provided new tools for monitoring changes in the composition of the gut microbial community. there is now an excellent opportunity to correlate ecological niches and metabolic activities with particular phylogenetic groups among the microbiota of the human gut. bacteria that associate closely with particulate material and surfaces in the gut include specialized pri ... | 2007 | 17448155 |
| mucosa-associated bacterial diversity in relation to human terminal ileum and colonic biopsy samples. | little is known about bacterial communities that colonize mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are believed to play an important role in host physiology. the objectives of this study were to investigate the compositions of these populations in the distal small bowel and colon. healthy mucosal tissue from either the terminal ileum (n = 6) or ascending (n = 8), transverse (n = 8), or descending colon (n = 4) of 26 patients (age, 68.5 +/- 1.2 years [mean +/- standard devia ... | 2007 | 17890331 |
| effects of yogurt and bifidobacteria supplementation on the colonic microbiota in lactose-intolerant subjects. | colonic metabolism of lactose may play a role in lactose intolerance. we investigated whether a 2-week supplementation of bifidobacterium longum (in capsules) and a yogurt enriched with bifidobacterium animalis could modify the composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microbiota in 11 chinese lactose-intolerant subjects. | 2008 | 17927751 |
| effects of age and region on fecal microflora in elderly subjects living in bama, guangxi, china. | intestinal microflora analysis was performed on 52 healthy elderly subjects of different ages and in different regions in bama county, guangxi, china. the participants were assigned to three groups depending on their age and location: longevous (group m; mean age = 98 years; n = 21); rural younger elderly (group s; mean age = 70 years; n = 18); and urban elderly (group c; mean age = 82 years; n = 13). ten groups of bacteria were quantified using real-time pcr. age-related differences were observ ... | 2011 | 20509028 |
| evaluation of group-specific, 16s rrna-targeted scissor probes for quantitative detection of predominant bacterial populations in dairy cattle rumen. | to develop a suite of group-specific, rrna-targeted oligonucleotide scissor probes for the quantitative detection of the predominant bacterial groups within the ruminal microbial community with the rrna cleavage reaction-mediated microbial quantification method. | 2007 | 17953610 |
| flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora. | we have investigated the bacterial-dependent metabolism of ( - )-epicatechin and (+)-catechin using a ph-controlled, stirred, batch-culture fermentation system reflective of the distal region of the human large intestine. incubation of ( - )-epicatechin or (+)-catechin (150 mg/l or 1000 mg/l) with faecal bacteria, led to the generation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone, 5-phenyl-gamma-valerolactone and phenylpropionic acid. however, the formation of these metabolites from (+)-cate ... | 2008 | 17977475 |
| dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray. | a custom phylogenetic microarray composed of small subunit ribosomal rna probes, representing ≈500 bacterial species from the human and animal gut, was developed and evaluated for analysis of gut microbial diversity using fecal samples from healthy subjects and crohn's disease (cd) patients. | 2010 | 20848492 |
| rrna-based analysis to monitor succession of faecal bacterial communities in holstein calves. | to quantitatively analyse the faecal bacterial communities of holstein calves and track their succession up to 12 weeks of age. | 2010 | 20849397 |
| imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease. | coeliac disease (cd) is the most common immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. the ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of cd, but other environmental factors are also thought to play a role in this disorder. in this study, the composition of the duodenal microbiota of coeliac children with active disease, symptom-free cd patients on a gluten-free diet and control children was determined. bacteriological analyses of duoden ... | 2007 | 18033837 |
| effect of β -glucanase and xylanase supplementation of barley- and rye-based diets on caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. | 1. the aim was to investigate the effect of grain type (barley or rye) and exogenous enzymes (β-glucanase or xylanase) on the composition of chicken caecal microbiota as examined by classical culturing and molecular techniques (fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (fish) and terminal-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (t-rflp)). 2. plate counting revealed higher total numbers of anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in caecal contents of birds fed with rye-based diets than in bi ... | 2010 | 20924850 |
| resistant starches types 2 and 4 have differential effects on the composition of the fecal microbiota in human subjects. | to systematically develop dietary strategies based on resistant starch (rs) that modulate the human gut microbiome, detailed in vivo studies that evaluate the effects of different forms of rs on the community structure and population dynamics of the gut microbiota are necessary. the aim of the present study was to gain a community wide perspective of the effects of rs types 2 (rs2) and 4 (rs4) on the fecal microbiota in human individuals. | 2010 | 21151493 |
| impact of consumption of probiotic lactobacilli-containing yogurt on microbial composition in human feces. | an in vivo study was carried out to determine the effect of consuming probiotic lactobacilli-containing yogurt on the composition of microbiota in the human gut. fifteen healthy adults ingested a daily serving of one of three commercial yogurts (two of the products contained a probiotic lactobacilli strain) for 20 days. fecal samples at defined time points before, during, and after the period of yogurt ingestion were collected and analyzed. the fecal population of lactobacilli was determined by ... | 2008 | 18077045 |
| characterization of the gastrointestinal mucosa-associated microbiota of pigs and chickens using culture-based and molecular methodologies. | the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (git) can play an important role in the healthy status of farm animals and in the safety of the whole food chain. in this study, the mucosa-associated microbiota of the git of pigs and chickens was analyzed by culture methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry (fcm-fish). in all pig git sections, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, atopobium, bacteroides, and clostridium histolyticum were the predominant bacteria ... | 2007 | 18095433 |
| high-protein, reduced-carbohydrate weight-loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health. | diets that are high in protein but reduced in carbohydrate contents provide a common approach for achieving weight loss in obese humans. however, the effect of such diets on microbiota-derived metabolites that influence colonic health has not been established. | 2011 | 21389180 |
| the effect of ageing with and without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal microbiology and immunology. | elderly individuals are more susceptible to gastrointestinal problems such as constipation than young adults. furthermore, the common use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaid) among the elderly is known to further increase such gastrointestinal ailments. to describe the specific changes in elderly, intestinal microbes, their metabolites and immune markers were measured from faecal samples obtained from fifty-five elderly individuals (aged 68-88 years), using either nsaid or not, and f ... | 2008 | 18279548 |
| ecophysiology of the developing total bacterial and lactobacillus communities in the terminal small intestine of weaning piglets. | weaning of the pig is generally regarded as a stressful event which could lead to clinical implications because of the changes in the intestinal ecosystem. the functional properties of microbiota inhabiting the pig's small intestine (si), including lactobacilli which are assumed to exert health-promoting properties, are yet poorly described. thus, we determined the ecophysiology of bacterial groups and within genus lactobacillus in the si of weaning piglets and the impact of dietary changes. the ... | 2008 | 18311472 |
| the currently used commercial dna-extraction methods give different results of clostridial and actinobacterial populations derived from human fecal samples. | recently several human health-related microbiota studies have had partly contradictory results. as some differences may be explained by methodologies applied, we evaluated how different storage conditions and commonly used dna-extraction kits affect bacterial composition, diversity, and numbers of human fecal microbiota. according to our results, the dna-extraction did not affect the diversity, composition, or quantity of bacteroides spp., whereas after a week's storage at -20 °c, the numbers of ... | 2011 | 22098067 |
| potential prebiotic properties of almond (amygdalus communis l.) seeds. | almonds are known to have a number of nutritional benefits, including cholesterol-lowering effects and protection against diabetes. they are also a good source of minerals and vitamin e, associated with promoting health and reducing the risk for chronic disease. for this study we investigated the potential prebiotic effect of almond seeds in vitro by using mixed fecal bacterial cultures. two almond products, finely ground almonds (fg) and defatted finely ground almonds (dg), were subjected to a ... | 2008 | 18502914 |
| fecal microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis. | to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ra) or fibromyalgia (fm), fecal samples were collected from 51 patients with ra and 50 with fm. | 2008 | 18528968 |
| proposal of a neotype strain (a1-86) for eubacterium rectale. request for an opinion. | eubacterium rectale is one of the most abundant bacterial species recovered from human faeces. e. rectale (hauduroy et al. 1937) appears in the 'list of bacterial names with standing in nomenclature', but it is noted that the originally proposed type strain, vpi 0989(t), has been lost and its possible replacement by another strain (vpi 0990) from the same faecal sample has never been formally proposed. it is therefore proposed that strain a1-86 (=dsm 17629=ncimb 14373), isolated from human adult ... | 2008 | 18599726 |
| arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats. | the endogenous gut microbiota affects the host in many ways. prebiotics should favour beneficial intestinal microbes and thus improve host health. in this study, we investigated how a novel class of potential prebiotic long-chain arabinoxylans (lc-ax) and the well-established prebiotic inulin (in) modulate the gut microbiota of humanized rats. six weeks after axenic rats were inoculated with a human faecal microbiota, their colonic microbiota was similar to this inoculum (∼ 70%), whereas their c ... | 2011 | 21883787 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of specific butyrate-producing bacteria, desulfovibrio and enterococcus faecalis in the feces of patients with colorectal cancer. | bacterial metabolites produced in the bowel are potentially related to the genesis of colorectal cancer. butyrate is protective against cancer, whereas hydrogen sulfide and oxygen free radicals can be toxic to the epithelium. the present study was designed to quantitate eubacterium rectale, faecalibacterium prausnitzii (both butyrate-producing bacteria), desulfovibrio (sulfate-reducing bacteria), and enterococcus faecalis (that produces extracellular superoxide) in the feces of patients with col ... | 2008 | 18624900 |
| faecal microbiota composition in vegetarians: comparison with omnivores in a cohort of young women in southern india. | the effect of vegetarian diets on faecal microbiota has been explored largely through culture-based techniques. the present study compared the faecal microbiota of vegetarian and omnivorous young women in southern india. faecal samples were obtained from thirty-two lacto-vegetarian and twenty-four omnivorous young adult women from a similar social and economic background. macronutrient intake and anthropometric data were collected. faecal microbiota of interest was quantified by real-time pcr wi ... | 2011 | 22182464 |
| gut microbiota of healthy elderly nsaid users is selectively modified with the administration of lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and lactitol. | ageing changes gut microbiota composition and alters immune system function. probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may improve the health status of elderly individuals by modifying the intestinal environment and the microbiota composition, and by stimulating the immune system. in this work, we studied the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy elderly volunteers. fifty-one elders were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic dietary supplement or a placebo i ... | 2011 | 21853265 |
| use of stable isotopes to measure the metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota. | the human intestinal microbiota is a complex biological system comprising a vast repertoire of microbes with considerable metabolic activity relevant to both bacterial growth and host health. greater strides have been made in the analysis of microbial diversity than in the measurement of functional activity, particularly in vivo. stable isotope probing offers a new approach by coupling measurements of metabolic activity with microbial identification. using a low-enrichment labeling strategy in v ... | 2011 | 21948826 |
| new in vitro colonic fermentation model for salmonella infection in the child gut. | in this study, a new in vitro continuous colonic fermentation model of salmonella infection with immobilized child fecal microbiota and salmonella serovar typhimurium was developed for the proximal colon. this model was then used to test the effects of two amoxicillin concentrations (90 and 180 mg day(-1)) on the microbial composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota and on salmonella serovar typhimurium during a 43-day fermentation. addition of gel beads (2%, v/v) colonized with salmonella ... | 2009 | 19087202 |
| structure of the pilus assembly protein tadz from eubacterium rectale: implications for polar localization. | the tad (tight adherence) locus encodes a protein translocation system that produces a novel variant of type iv pili. the pilus assembly protein tadz (called cpae in caulobacter crescentus) is ubiquitous in tad loci, but is absent in other type iv pilus biogenesis systems. the crystal structure of tadz from eubacterium rectale (ertadz), in complex with atp and mg(2+) , was determined to 2.1 å resolution. ertadz contains an atypical atpase domain with a variant of a deviant walker-a motif that re ... | 2011 | 22211578 |
| linking phylogenetic identities of bacteria to starch fermentation in an in vitro model of the large intestine by rna-based stable isotope probing. | carbohydrates, including starches, are an important energy source for humans, and are known for their interactions with the microbiota in the digestive tract. largely, those interactions are thought to promote human health. using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based stable isotope probing (sip), we identified starch-fermenting bacteria under human colon-like conditions. to the microbiota of the tim-2 in vitro model of the human colon 7.4 g l(-1) of [u-(13)c]-starch was added. rna extracted from lumen ... | 2009 | 19128319 |
| identifying genomic and metabolic features that can underlie early successional and opportunistic lifestyles of human gut symbionts. | we lack a deep understanding of genetic and metabolic attributes specializing in microbial consortia for initial and subsequent waves of colonization of our body habitats. here we show that phylogenetically interspersed bacteria in clostridium cluster xiva, an abundant group of bacteria in the adult human gut also known as the clostridium coccoides or eubacterium rectale group, contains species that have evolved distribution patterns consistent with either early successional or stable gut commun ... | 2012 | 22665442 |
| diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. | butyrate-producing bacteria play a key role in colonic health in humans. this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of this functionally important group of bacteria. human colonic butyrate producers are gram-positive firmicutes, but are phylogenetically diverse, with the two most abundant groups related to eubacterium rectale/roseburia spp. and to faecalibacterium prausnitzii. five different arrangements have been identified for t ... | 2009 | 19222573 |
| molecular details of a starch utilization pathway in the human gut symbiont eubacterium rectale. | eubacterium rectale is a prominent human gut symbiont yet little is known about the molecular strategies this bacterium has developed to acquire nutrients within the competitive gut ecosystem. starch is one of the most abundant glycans in the human diet, and e. rectale increases in vivo when the host consumes a diet rich in resistant starch, although it is not a primary degrader of this glycan. here we present the results of a quantitative proteomics study in which we identify two glycoside hydr ... | 2014 | 25388295 |
| effect of a single oral administration of lactobacillus plantarum dsmz 8862/8866 before and at the time point of weaning on intestinal microbial communities in piglets. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether a single administration of two strains of lactobacillus plantarum (dsmz 8862 and 8866) either before or at the time point of weaning can influence the intestinal microbiota of piglets. a total of 176 piglets were allocated into five groups: control (lp0), administration of 5 x 10(9) or 5x10(10) cfu at day 25 of life (lp1, lp2) and administration of 5 x 10(9) or 5 x 10(10) cfu at day 28 of life (lp3, lp4). piglets were weaned on day 28 of life. on day ... | 2009 | 19237219 |
| characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla. | the adult human distal gut microbial community is typically dominated by 2 bacterial phyla (divisions), the firmicutes and the bacteroidetes. little is known about the factors that govern the interactions between their members. here, we examine the niches of representatives of both phyla in vivo. finished genome sequences were generated from eubacterium rectale and e. eligens, which belong to clostridium cluster xiva, one of the most common gut firmicute clades. comparison of these and 25 other ... | 2009 | 19321416 |
| the role of ph in determining the species composition of the human colonic microbiota. | the ph of the colonic lumen varies with anatomical site and microbial fermentation of dietary residue. we have investigated the impact of mildly acidic ph, which occurs in the proximal colon, on the growth of different species of human colonic bacteria in pure culture and in the complete microbial community. growth was determined for 33 representative human colonic bacteria at three initial ph values (approximately 5.5, 6.2 and 6.7) in anaerobic ycfa medium, which includes a mixture of short-cha ... | 2009 | 19397676 |
| effect of a new synbiotic mixture on atopic dermatitis in infants: a randomized-controlled trial. | clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis (ad) show inconsistent results. better results can possibly be achieved by combining probiotics with prebiotics, i.e. synbiotics. | 2010 | 20184604 |
| prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study. | the present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from jerusalem artichoke (ja). a three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18-50 years). subjects were randomised into three groups (n 22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (pcs) or plum-pear-beetroot (ppb), containing ja inul ... | 2010 | 20187995 |
| changes in bacterial communities from swine feces during continuous culture with starch. | bacteria from swine feces were grown in continuous culture with starch as the sole carbohydrate in order to monitor changes during fermentation and to determine how similar fermenter communities were to each other. dna extracted from fermenter samples was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). a significant decrease in diversity was observed, the shannon-weaver index dropped from 1.92 to 1.13 after 14 days of fermentation. likewise, similarity of fermenter communities to tho ... | 2010 | 20371295 |
| distinct gut microbiota of healthy children from two different geographic regions of thailand. | in thailand, food consumption by people from each region is different. this can be an important environmental factor which shapes the gut microbiota further affecting their health. this study aimed to use quantitative pcr (qpcr) to investigate the intestinal microbial community in 60 healthy children (aged 8-11 years) living in specific areas, namely central (ct) and northeastern (ne) thailand where each region has its own typical food consumption. the children from ne had significantly higher c ... | 2015 | 25644242 |
| low levels of faecal lactobacilli in women with iron-deficiency anaemia in south india. | fe deficiency in women contributes significantly to maternal and child morbidity in india. the intestinal bacterial flora may facilitate absorption of fe from the caecum and proximal colon. the present study investigated the possibility that intestinal microbiota of anaemic young women may differ from that of women with normal hb levels. the microbiota was quantified by real-time pcr in faeces of eight anaemic (hb ≤ 100 g/l) and twenty-six normohaemic (hb ≥ 120 g/l) women aged 18-25 years. seque ... | 2010 | 20447323 |
| the influence of pomegranate by-product and punicalagins on selected groups of human intestinal microbiota. | we have examined the gut bacterial metabolism of pomegranate by-product (pomx) and major pomegranate polyphenols, punicalagins, using ph-controlled, stirred, batch culture fermentation systems reflective of the distal region of the human large intestine. incubation of pomx or punicalagins with faecal bacteria resulted in formation of the dibenzopyranone-type urolithins. the time course profile confirmed the tetrahydroxylated urolithin d as the first product of microbial transformation, followed ... | 2010 | 20452076 |
| dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota. | the populations of dominant species within the human colonic microbiota can potentially be modified by dietary intake with consequences for health. here we examined the influence of precisely controlled diets in 14 overweight men. volunteers were provided successively with a control diet, diets high in resistant starch (rs) or non-starch polysaccharides (nsps) and a reduced carbohydrate weight loss (wl) diet, over 10 weeks. analysis of 16s rrna sequences in stool samples of six volunteers detect ... | 2011 | 20686513 |
| highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of crohn's disease microbiota. | recent studies suggest that gastrointestinal (gi) microbes play a part in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd). | 2011 | 20722058 |