| extensive set of 16s rrna-based probes for detection of bacteria in human feces. | for the detection of six groups of anaerobic bacteria in human feces, we designed seven new 16s rrna-based oligonucleotide probes. this set of probes extends the current set of probes and gives more data on the composition of the human gut flora. probes were designed for phascolarctobacterium and relatives (phasco741), veillonella (veil223), eubacterium hallii and relatives (ehal1469), lachnospira and relatives (lach571), and eubacterium cylindroides and relatives (ecyl387), and two probes were ... | 2002 | 12039758 |
| butyrivibrio hungatei sp. nov. and pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans sp. nov., butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen. | two novel gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing bacterial species, strains mz 5t and jk 615t, were isolated from the rumen fluid of cow and sheep. both strains were curved rods that were motile by means of single polar or subpolar flagellum and common in the rumen microbial ecosystem. strain mz 5t produced high xylanase, proteinase, pectin hydrolase and dnase activities; 1,4-beta-endoglucanase was also detected in the culture medium. the bacterium utilized a wide range ... | 2003 | 12656174 |
| oligonucleotide probes that detect quantitatively significant groups of butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces. | 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed for butyrate-producing bacteria from human feces. three new cluster-specific probes detected bacteria related to roseburia intestinalis, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and eubacterium hallii at mean populations of 2.3, 3.8, and 0.6%, respectively, in samples from 10 individuals. additional species-level probes accounted for no more than 1%, with a mean of 7.7%, of the total human fecal microbiota identified as butyrate producers in this study ... | 2003 | 12839823 |
| lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. | the microbial community of the human colon contains many bacteria that produce lactic acid, but lactate is normally detected only at low concentrations (<5 mm) in feces from healthy individuals. it is not clear, however, which bacteria are mainly responsible for lactate utilization in the human colon. here, bacteria able to utilize lactate and produce butyrate were identified among isolates obtained from 10(-8) dilutions of fecal samples from five different subjects. out of nine such strains ide ... | 2004 | 15466518 |
| genetic diversity of viable, injured, and dead fecal bacteria assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and 16s rrna gene analysis. | a novel approach combining a flow cytometric in situ viability assay with 16s rrna gene analysis was used to study the relationship between diversity and activity of the fecal microbiota. simultaneous staining with propidium iodide (pi) and syto bc provided clear discrimination between intact cells (49%), injured or damaged cells (19%), and dead cells (32%). the three subpopulations were sorted and characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of 16s rrna gene amplicons obtaine ... | 2005 | 16085863 |
| two routes of metabolic cross-feeding between bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing anaerobes from the human gut. | dietary carbohydrates have the potential to influence diverse functional groups of bacteria within the human large intestine. of 12 bifidobacterium strains of human gut origin from seven species tested, four grew in pure culture on starch and nine on fructo-oligosaccharides. the potential for metabolic cross-feeding between bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactate-utilizing, butyrate-producing firmicute bacteria related to eubacterium hallii and anaerostipes caccae was investigated in vitro. e. ... | 2006 | 16672507 |
| impact of ph on lactate formation and utilization by human fecal microbial communities. | the human intestine harbors both lactate-producing and lactate-utilizing bacteria. lactate is normally present at <3 mmol liter(-1) in stool samples from healthy adults, but concentrations up to 100 mmol liter(-1) have been reported in gut disorders such as ulcerative colitis. the effect of different initial ph values (5.2, 5.9, and 6.4) upon lactate metabolism was studied with fecal inocula from healthy volunteers, in incubations performed with the addition of dl-lactate, a mixture of polysacch ... | 2007 | 17766450 |
| human gut bacterial communities are altered by addition of cruciferous vegetables to a controlled fruit- and vegetable-free diet. | in the human gut, commensal bacteria metabolize food components that typically serve as energy sources. these components have the potential to influence gut bacterial community composition. cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, contain distinctive compounds that can be utilized by gut bacteria. for example, glucosinolates can be hydrolyzed by certain bacteria, and dietary fibers can be fermented by a range of species. we hypothesized that cruciferous vegetable consumption would a ... | 2009 | 19640972 |
| lactate has the potential to promote hydrogen sulphide formation in the human colon. | high concentrations of sulphide are toxic for the gut epithelium and may contribute to bowel disease. lactate is a favoured cosubstrate for the sulphate-reducing colonic bacterium desulfovibrio piger, as shown here by the stimulation of sulphide formation by d. piger dsm749 by lactate in the presence of sulphate. sulphide formation by d. piger was also stimulated in cocultures with the lactate-producing bacterium bifidobacterium adolescentis l2-32. other lactate-utilizing bacteria such as the bu ... | 2009 | 19732152 |
| diversity of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase gene. | butyrate-producing bacteria play an important role in the human colon, supplying energy to the gut epithelium and regulating host cell responses. in order to explore the diversity and culturability of this functional group, we designed degenerate primers to amplify butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase sequences from faecal samples provided by 10 healthy volunteers. eighty-eight per cent of amplified sequences showed >98% dna sequence identity to coa-transferases from cultured butyrate-producing b ... | 2010 | 19807780 |
| kinetic modelling of lactate utilization and butyrate production by key human colonic bacterial species. | butyrate is the preferred energy source for colonocytes and has an important role in gut health; in contrast, accumulation of high concentrations of lactate is detrimental to gut health. the major butyrate-producing bacterial species in the human colon belong to the firmicutes. eubacterium hallii and a new species, anaerostipes coli ss2/1, members of clostridial cluster xiva, are able to utilize lactate and acetate via the butyryl coa : acetate coa transferase route, the main metabolic pathway f ... | 2011 | 21388423 |
| lactate- and acetate-based cross-feeding interactions between selected strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and colon bacteria in the presence of inulin-type fructans. | cross-feeding interactions were studied between selected strains of lactobacilli and/or bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria that consume lactate but are not able to degrade inulin-type fructans (itf) in a medium for colon bacteria (supplemented with itf as energy source and acetate when necessary). degradation of oligofructose by lactobacillus acidophilus ibb 801 and inulin by lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 and bifidobacterium longum lmg 11047 resulted in the release of free fru ... | 2017 | 27810444 |
| major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the human gut can arise from microbial fermentation of protein. | plant secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids are commonly associated with benefits for human health. two of the most abundant phenylpropanoid-derived compounds detected in human faecal samples are phenylacetic acid (paa) and 4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid (4-hydroxypaa). although they have the potential to be derived from diets rich in plant-based foods, evidence suggests that these compounds can be derived from the microbial fermentation of aromatic amino acids (aaas) in the colon. | 2013 | 23349065 |
| association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly. | the pathway leading from amyloid-β deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad). however, what drives amyloid buildup in sporadic nongenetic cases of ad is still unknown. ad brains feature an inflammatory reaction around amyloid plaques, and a specific subset of the gut microbiota (gmb) may promote brain inflammation. we investigated the possible role of the gmb in ad pathogenesis by studying the association of brain amyloidos ... | 2017 | 27776263 |
| trophic interactions of infant bifidobacteria and eubacterium hallii during l-fucose and fucosyllactose degradation. | fucosyllactoses (2'- or 3'-fl) account for up to 20% of human milk oligosaccharides (hmos). infant bifidobacteria, such as bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, utilize the lactose moiety to form lactate and acetate, and metabolize l-fucose to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd). eubacterium hallii is a common member of the adult gut microbiota that can produce butyrate from lactate and acetate, and convert 1,2-pd to propionate. recently, a swiss cohort study identified e. hallii as one of the first buty ... | 2017 | 28194144 |
| gradual changes of gut microbiota in weaned miniature piglets. | colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. the miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. however, less is known about the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets. here, this study was conducted to explore how the gut microbiota develops in weaned congjiang miniature piglets. in contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompa ... | 2016 | 27853453 |
| the common gut microbe eubacterium hallii also contributes to intestinal propionate formation. | eubacterium hallii is considered an important microbe in regard to intestinal metabolic balance due to its ability to utilize glucose and the fermentation intermediates acetate and lactate, to form butyrate and hydrogen. recently, we observed that e. hallii is capable of metabolizing glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa, reuterin) with reported antimicrobial properties. the key enzyme for glycerol to 3-hpa conversion is the cobalamin-dependent glycerol/diol dehydratase pducde which also u ... | 2016 | 27242734 |
| the strict anaerobic gut microbe eubacterium hallii transforms the carcinogenic dietary heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip). | 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (phip) is the most abundant food-derived heterocyclic aromatic amine in well-cooked meats and may contribute to the recognized carcinogenicity of processed meats. in this study, a panel of human gut microbes was tested for their ability to convert phip to a conjugate phip-m1. eubacterium hallii was newly identified to catalyse the conversion of phip to phip-m1 with high efficiency. the reaction was shown to involve the metabolism of glycerol to 3-h ... | 2016 | 26711372 |
| consumption of partially hydrolysed guar gum stimulates bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria in the human large intestine. | partially hydrolysed guar gum (phgg) is a water-soluble dietary fibre that is non-digestible in the upper gastrointestinal tract. it is believed that phgg benefits the health of hosts by altering the colonic microbiota and stimulating short-chain fatty acid (scfa) production. however, it remains unclear which bacteria ferment phgg in the human large intestine. in this study, the effect of phgg on faecal bacteria was analysed to specify the bacteria that contribute to the fermentation of phgg in ... | 2015 | 25519526 |
| establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: a longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of danish infants. | fecal samples were obtained from a cohort of 330 healthy danish infants at 9, 18, and 36 months after birth, enabling characterization of interbacterial relationships by use of quantitative pcr targeting 31 selected bacterial 16s rrna gene targets representing different phylogenetic levels. nutritional parameters and measures of growth and body composition were determined and investigated in relation to the observed development in microbiota composition. we found that significant changes in the ... | 2014 | 24584251 |
| starch structure modulates metabolic activity and gut microbiota profile. | normal maize starch and high amylose maize starch (has) either in native or thermally treated forms were used to investigate the effect of starch structure on the production of metabolites and gut microbiota profile using an anaerobic in vitro system. the changes in starch structure during fermentation were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (sem), high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (ftir). the native normal starch showed a por ... | 2013 | 24113693 |
| the core faecal bacterial microbiome of irish thoroughbred racehorses. | in this study, we characterized the gut microbiota in six healthy irish thoroughbred racehorses and showed it to be dominated by the phyla firmicutes, bacteroidetes, proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia, actinobacteria, euryarchaeota, fibrobacteres and spirochaetes. moreover, all the horses harboured clostridium, fibrobacter, faecalibacterium, ruminococcus, eubacterium, oscillospira, blautia anaerotruncus, coprococcus, treponema and lactobacillus spp. notwithstanding the sample size, it was noteworth ... | 2013 | 23889584 |
| essential oils have different effects on human pathogenic and commensal bacteria in mixed faecal fermentations compared with pure cultures. | a static batch culture system inoculated with human faeces was used to determine the influence of essential oil compounds (eocs) on mixed faecal microbiota. bacteria were quantified using quantitative pcr of 16s rrna genes. incubation for 24 h of diluted faeces from six individuals caused enrichment of bifidobacterium spp., but proportions of other major groups were unaffected. thymol and geraniol at 500 p.p.m. suppressed total bacteria, resulting in minimal fermentation. thymol at 100 p.p.m. ha ... | 2015 | 25500493 |