| a cdc42 ortholog is required for penetration and virulence of magnaporthe grisea. | cdc42, a member of the rho-family small gtp-binding proteins, is a pivotal signaling switch that cycles between active gtp-bound and inactive gdp-bound forms, controlling actin cytoskeleton organization and cell polarity. in this report, we show that mgcdc42, a cdc42 ortholog in magnaporthe grisea, is required for its plant penetration. consequently, the deletion mutants show dramatically decreased virulence to rice due to the arrest of penetration and infectious growth, which may be attributed ... | 2009 | 19298860 |
| dynamics and residues of mixed formulation of fenamidone and mancozeb in gherkin field ecosystem. | the dynamics and residues of mixed formulation of fenamidone and mancozeb in a gherkin field ecosystem were investigated. the quantification was performed using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (gc-ecd) and uv-vis spectrophotometry for fenamidone and mancozeb residues, respectively. the method was validated using blank samples spiked at three levels and the results showed that recoveries ranged from 92 to 98 and 90 to 96 percent with relative standard deviations (rsd) ranging of 0.7 ... | 2013 | 24041529 |
| cactus: a medicinal food. | with excellent quality and flavour of fresh fruits, young leaves of cactus serve as nutritious vegetable and salad dish and the immature fruits for making mock-gherkins. cactus, with high water use efficiency produce forage for animals, vegetables, and fruits with 14% glucose. traditionally cactus used as a valuable health supporting nutrient and it also has applications in pharmaceutical industries. cactus with number of uses has immense potential to be the food of future. | 2012 | 24082263 |
| determination of the mineral composition of caigua (cyclanthera pedata) and evaluation using multivariate analysis. | caigua (in brazil "maxixe do reino") is a fruit that is generally consumed either cooked or even raw as salad. this fruit has been used as a food and also in folk medicine. in this work, the mineral composition of caigua was determined for the first time. twenty-nine samples from five farms located in the southwestern region of bahia, brazil were acquired and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. the elements determined in this fruit included calcium, magnesium ... | 2014 | 24444984 |
| simultaneous determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in gherkin under field conditions. | a rapid, simple, and selective analytical method for the simultaneous determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in gherkin and soil was developed and validated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. the samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine sorbent. the limit of quantification of the method was 0.05 mg/kg for all three compounds. the method was ... | 2015 | 25619713 |
| comparison of the residue persistence of trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) on gherkin and soil at two locations. | residue study of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on gherkin was carried out at two locations (bangalore and gouribiddunur, india) after applications at the standard and double doses of 75 + 150 and of 150 + 300 g ha(-1) of the formulated product, trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) (nativo 75 wg). the fungicides were determined by gas chromatography (gc) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). extraction and purification of the samples were carried out by quick, ea ... | 2015 | 26603299 |
| relationship between serum leptin, ghrelin and dietary macronutrients in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. | polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is the most common endocrinopathy in women. it may involve an impairment in physiologic regulation of leptin and ghrelin. there is limited, controversial data on the relation of dietary components with leptin and ghrelin in pcos, so the current study has been conducted to explore the effects of different macronutrients on serum levels of leptin and ghrelin in pcos and healthy subjects. | 2017 | 26644854 |
| on the mechanism of the changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity induced by ultraviolet and blue light in gherkin hypocotyls. | irradiation with ultraviolet light causes in the hypocotyl of dark-grown gherkin seedlings the partial conversion of trans-hydroxycinnamic acids to the cis-isomers. the trans-hydroxycinnamic acids inhibit the development of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, and the transformation of these compounds to the much less inhibitory cis-isomers forms a ready explanation for the increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in the hypocotyl of gherkin seedlings irradiated with ultraviolet light. ... | 1974 | 16658955 |
| aluminium, calcium and magnesium content of hungarian foods and dietary intakes by children aged 3.9 and 14 years. | the al, ca and mg content of 147 kinds of foods and beverages, representing a large proportion of the hungarian diet, has been determined using replicate samples. dietary intakes of these minerals by 67 kindergarten children and 139 schoolchildren have been assessed. the richest sources of al were: parsley, celery, gherkins, barley-malt; of ca: dairy products, celery, parsley, savoy; of mg: dried beans and peas, parsley, dill, maize-flour, rice, gherkins, chocolate. flavouring agents (e.g. salt, ... | 1988 | 3227864 |
| residue dynamics of fenamidone and mancozeb on gherkin under two agro climatic zones in the state of karnataka, india. | residue dynamics of fenamidone and mancozeb on gherkin was evaluated at two different agro climatic zones i.e. at bangalore (zone-1) and dharwad (zone-2) in the state of karnataka, india. two treatments of the combination formulation (fenamidone 10% + mancozeb 50%) were given at the standard dose 150 + 750 g a.i. ha(-1) and double dose 300 + 1,500 g a.i. ha(-1). initial residue deposits of fenamidone were 0.467 and 0.474 mg kg(-1) at zone-1 and 2, respectively from standard dose treatment. from ... | 2012 | 22349284 |
| photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings : iv. the role of the temperature. | 1. the temperature dependence of each of the three phases (lag phase, increase of the enzyme level, decrease of this level) of the photoinduced development of phenylalanine deaminase (padase) in gherkin seedlings has been determined. 2. for the temperature range of 12-32°, the higher efficiency of the irradiation at a higher temperature is compensated by a shorter duration of the period of light sensitivity, whereas the higher rate of padase synthesis is compensated by the earlier onset of repre ... | 1970 | 24500741 |
| low-temperature dependent development of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in gherkin hypocotyls. | | 1969 | 5362012 |
| persistence and dissipation of flubendiamide and its risk assessment on gherkin (cucumis sativus l.). | a supervised open field trial was conducted to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of flubendiamide in gherkin fruits following foliar application of fame 480 sc at 60 and 120 g a.i. ha(-1). samples of gherkin fruits were drawn at different time intervals and quantified by hplc-dad. the maximum initial deposits of flubendiamide on gherkin were found to be 0.79 and 1.52 mg kg(-1), respectively, at recommended and double the recommended doses. the dissipation pattern of flubendiam ... | 2014 | 24691735 |
| multi-residue matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the determination of six synthetic pyrethroids in vegetables followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. | an effective multi-residue matrix solid-phase dispersion (mspd) extraction and gas chromatographic-electron-capture detection method for the determination of six synthetic pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin) in 5 g of vegetables (west indian gherkin, eggplant, pak-choi, cabbage and garden peas) is described. the method uses a florisil-based mspd column for direct in-line clean-up with n-hexane-acetone (9:1). recoveries calculated at 0. ... | 1995 | 7735459 |
| effect of cycloheximide on the inactivation of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings. | | 1967 | 5585874 |
| association of a potyvirus with mosaic disease of gherkin (cucumis anguria l.) in india. | a virus associated with severe mosaic disease of gherkin (cucumis anguria l.) in south india was identified. the infected plants showed mosaic, vein banding, blistering on malformed leaves and fruits. host range, transmission, serological and electron microscopic studies were carried out to identify the virus. the virus was readily transmitted by sap inoculation and by aphids in a non-persistent manner. the host range of the virus was mainly limited to cucurbitaceous and chenopodium species. the ... | 2010 | 23100832 |
| use of weeds as traditional vegetables in shurugwi district, zimbabwe. | most agricultural weeds are usually regarded as undesirable and targeted for eradication. however, weeds are useful to human beings as food and traditional medicines. few studies have been done to document the uses of weeds as traditional vegetables. this study was therefore, done to document indigenous knowledge related to the diversity and use of agricultural weeds as traditional vegetables in shurugwi district, zimbabwe, emphasizing their role in food security and livelihoods of the local peo ... | 2013 | 23962298 |
| optimization of factors influencing in vitro flowering of gherkin (cucumis anguria l.). | this study investigated the factors influencing in vitro flowering of gherkin (cucumis anguria l.). multiple shoots were efficiently regenerated from cotyledonary node and axillary bud explants of c. anguria within 15 days on msb5 medium containing 3% sucrose and supplemented with 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzyladinine (ba). the elongated shoots were excised and transferred to msb5 medium containing 4% sucrose supplemented with 0.5 mg l(-1) gibberellic acid (ga(3)) and 1.0 mg l(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (ib ... | 2014 | 24561896 |
| first report of zucchini yellow mosaic virus infecting gherkin (cucumis anguira) in india. | a field visit in september 2011 to the cucumis anguira (gherkin) growing regions of kuppam, chittoor district of andhra pradesh, india revealed occurrence of mosaic, blistering and fruit malformation leading to the crop losses. analysis of field samples revealed association of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) with the disease. this is the first confirmed report of natural occurrence of zymv on gherkin in india. | 2013 | 24426289 |
| the role of calprotectin and ghrelin in diagnosis of post ercp pancreatitis. | acute pancreatitis is a common and dreaded complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) patients. the study identified the incidence of post ercp pancreatitis and role of serum calprotectin and ghrelin in its diagnosis. one hundred forty two patients underwent ercp-related procedures were studied. serum amylase, lipase, calprotectin and ghrelin concentrations were measured 24 hours after the procedure using elisa, kinetic and colorimetric methods. thirty two healthy cont ... | 2010 | 21268534 |
| study of gherkin lactase in cell culture and in seedlings. | a synthetic substrate replacing lactose has facilitated application of a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the identification and determination of extracellular and intracellular gherkin lactase. the intracellular enzyme activity was estimated from the cell suspension, while the extracellular enzyme activity was established within the cell free cultivation medium. a suspension of gherkin cells was permeabilized by tween 20, or tween 80, or hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, or hexadecylpy ... | 2011 | 20728921 |
| host range and complete genome sequence of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, a new member of the genus crinivirus. | cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) causes chlorotic yellows on cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo) and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci biotype b and q whiteflies. to characterize the host range of ccyv, 21 cucurbitaceous and 12 other plant species were inoculated using whitefly vectors. all tested cucumis spp. except cucumis anguria and cucumis zeyheri were systemically infected with ccyv, although infection rates varied among species. citrullus lanatus, cucurbita pepo, and ... | 2010 | 20465411 |
| anthocyanin accumulation and pal activity in a suspension culture of daucus carota l. : inhibition by l-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid and t-cinnamic acid. | cells of daucus carota grown in a liquid medium produced large amounts of cyanidin as the only flavonoid aglycon. after inoculation in fresh medium a maximum activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5) was observed within 24 h. l-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (l-aopp), thought to be a competitive inhibitor of pal, inhibited cyanidin accumulation up to 80%. in order to study the regulatory role of pal, the effects of l-aopp and t-cinnamic acid, the product of the deamination of ... | 1980 | 24306300 |
| salicylates in foods. | to determine salicylate content, 333 food items were analyzed. foods were homogenized with 25% sodium hydroxide, allowed to stand overnight, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with warm diethylether over 5 hours. the extract was dried and taken up in dilute sodium bicarbonate solution for analysis. salicylic acid was separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by reading at 235 nm. salicylic acid standards were used throughout to standardize ... | 1985 | 4019987 |
| hearing loss in mozambique: current data from inhambane province. | mozambique is a developing african country recuperating from a lengthy civil war. as a result, documenting the incidence of hearing loss has remained a low priority. this paper provides results from work being carried out by the mozambique audiology program (map), which is a philanthropic effort established in 1997 to introduce audiology services and identify auditory disorders in the country. some decades before the map, another program reported extremely high incidence rates of otitis media in ... | 2008 | 18781514 |
| life-threatening uvular angioedema caused by ecbalium elaterium. | ecbalium elaterium, known as the wild or squirting cucumber, is a hairy perennial herbaceous vine of the cucurbitaceae family, endemic to the mediterranean region. all parts of the plant are toxic, particularly the gherkin-like fruits. it is frequently used in the treatment of sinusitis by nasal aspiration in some parts of the mediterranean. the studies regarding to ecbalium elaterium, argue that it has an anti-inflammatory characteristic. two cases of uvular oedema have been ascribed to the und ... | 2001 | 11785606 |
| a cucumis sativus cell-free translation system: preparation, optimization and sensitivity to some antibiotics and ribosome inactivating proteins. | a cell-free translation system was prepared from 3- to 5-day-old embryonic axes of gherkin (cucumis sativus l.). the system was optimized for mg2+ , k+ , nh+4 , high speed supernatants, trna mixture from wheat germ, time and temperature. the system translates efficiently both endogenous mrna (using a 30000 g supernatant) and polyuridylic acid (using either a 30000 g supernatant or a 100000 g supernatant supplemented with purified ribosomes). translation by gherkin ribosomes was inhibited by seve ... | 1993 | 28741771 |
| purification to homogeneity and some properties of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of irradiated mustard (sinapis alba l.) cotyledons. | 1. lyase (l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.5) from far-red light-irradiated mustard cotyledons was purified to a single protein using ammonium sulphate fractionation, column chromatography on l-phenylalanyl-sepharose 4b and on sephadex g-200, isoelectric focusing and polyacryalmide gel electrophoresis. 2. the enzyme constituted 0.01% of total cellular protein, did not catalyse the deamination of l-tyrosine, had a ph optimum of ph 8.6 and an isoelectric point of ph 5.6. 3. the sedimentatio ... | 1979 | 486502 |
| superinduction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in gherkin hypocotyls caused by the inhibitor, l-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid. | the extractable activity of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ec 4.3.1.5) and the concentration of sugar esters of p-coumaric and ferulic acids in the hypocotyls of etiolated gherkin seedlings increase upon irradiation with white light. treatment of intact seedlings with the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitors alpha-aminooxyacetic acid and l-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid during illumination causes enhanced formation of the lyase and reduces the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids. e ... | 1979 | 427220 |
| a specific and reversible macromolecular inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase in gherkins. | a non-dialysable inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.5) has been partially purified from dark-grown gherkin hypocotyls. on extraction of tissue it is found both in the soluble (106 000 x g supernatant) and microsomal (106 000 x g pellet) fractions and can be extracted from the microsomal membranes with 10 mm sodium cholate and 1 m kcl. the soluble and microsomal fractions have similar properties, suggesting the presence of the same active component. ... | 1978 | 656446 |
| chlorophyll metabolism in etiolated gherkin seedlings. i. photoinhibition of chlorophyll accumulation. | | 1977 | 594180 |
| regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis by cinnamic acid. its implication for the light mediated regulation of the enzyme. | 1. there is an increase in the extractable acitivity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase following excision of hypocotyl segments of dark-grown gherkin seedlings this increase is prevented by the reaction product, cinnamin acid. 2. density-labelling experiments show that cinnamic acid affects the rate of enzyme synthesis. by contrast the regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity by light has previously been shown to involve activation of existing inactive enzyme. 3. it is proposed that regul ... | 1975 | 1125257 |
| a possible role of divalent manganese ions in the photoinduction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. | divalent mn ions cause an increase in the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in gherkin hypocotyls. with the exception of mg ions, which had a small effect, no other metal ion has so far been found which could replace the mn ion in this respect. invertase and peroxidase were not significantly affected by the mn treatment. the increase in phenylalanine ammonialyase activity is explained by the removal, under the influence of mn ions, of hydroxycinnamic acids, which cause repression of phenylala ... | 1972 | 16658225 |
| putative rhogap proteins orchestrate vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | rho gtpases, acting as molecular switches, are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. rho gtpase activating proteins (rho gaps) function as negative regulators of rho gtpases and are required for a variety of signaling processes in cell development. but the mechanisms underlying rho gaps in rho-mediated signaling pathways in fungi are still elusive. there are eight rhogap domain-containing genes annotated in the magnaporthe oryzae genome. to understand the function of these rh ... | 2014 | 24731806 |
| low-temperature effects on phenylalnine ammonia-lyase activity in gherkin seedlings. | treatment at temperatures below 10° causes in both dark-grown and pre-irradiated gherkin seedlings a rise in the activity of the enzyme phenyl-alanine ammonia-lyase (pal). this increase takes place both in the course of the cold treatment or after transfer to higher temperature; in the latter case, however, it is followed by a decline. the results can be explained, on the basis of evidence obtained previously, that at temperatures above 10° a pal-inactivating system compensates for pal synthesis ... | 1970 | 24500053 |
| photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings : iii. effects of excision and irradiation on enzyme development in hypocotyl segments. | 1. if hypocotyl segments from gherkin seedlings are floated on water the level of the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase (padase) increases for about 30 hours (25°) and then remains constant. the pattern of these changes differs from that of the photoinduced changes in the padase level in intact seedlings, where an initial increase in enzyme level is followed by a decline that starts at 25° about 3 hours after the beginning of irradiation. 2. the development of padase in the segments is inhibited by ... | 1968 | 24518997 |
| beta-galactosidase in immobilized cells of gherkin cucumis sativus l. | cell suspensions of gherkin (cucumis sativus l.) were permeabilized by tween-80, and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. beta-galactosidase showed ph optimum at 4.9 and temperature optimum at 58 degrees c. the enzyme catalysed hydrolysis was linear for 3 h with 60-68% conversion of the substrate. the cells characterized by high beta-galactosidase activity and stability on long-term storage showed valuable technological properties. | 1998 | 9821891 |
| photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings : i. effect of blue light. | 1. exposure of dark-grown gherkin seedlings to blue light causes temporary changes in the level of phenylalanine deaminase (padase). following a time lag of about 90 min the enzyme level increases; about 180 min after the beginning of irradiation it declines again. 2. the light-induced increase in the level of padase is due to de-novo enzyme synthesis, since spraying of the plants with cycloheximide prior to the light treatment results in inhibition of the increase in enzyme level. 3. the increa ... | 1967 | 24549304 |
| photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings : ii. effect of red and far-red light. | 1. exposure of dark-grown gherkin seedlings to red or far-red light causes changes in the level of phenylalanine deaminase (padase) which follow the same time course and show a similar dependence on light intensity as the changes induced in blue light. from this it is concluded that light of different regions of the visible spectrum is initiating the same sequence of dark reactions leading to enhanced production of padase, followed by a phase of inactivation of this enzyme and repression of its ... | 1967 | 24522456 |
| effects of photoperiod and nitrogen supply on growth and reproduction in the gherkin. | | 1949 | 16654262 |
| multi-residue determination of 130 multiclass pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. | a multi-residue method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification and confirmation of around 130 multiclass pesticides in orange, nectarine and spinach samples by gc-ms/ms with a triple quadrupole analyzer. compounds have been selected from different chemical families including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and acaricides. three isotopically labeled standards have been used as surrogates in order to improve accurate quantitation. samples were extracted by using a ... | 2010 | 20237919 |
| determining the probiotic potential of cholesterol-reducing lactobacillus and weissella strains isolated from gherkins (fermented cucumber) and south indian fermented koozh. | this study sought to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from traditionally fermented south indian koozh and gherkin (cucumber). a total of 51 lab strains were isolated, among which four were identified as lactobacillus spp. and three as weissella spp. the strains were screened for their probiotic potential. all isolated lactobacillus and weissella strains were capable of surviving under low ph and bile salt conditions. gi9 and fki21 were able to survive at ph ... | 2015 | 25839996 |
| histological effect of certain pickles on the human gastric mucosa. a preliminary report. | the histological effects of several types of pickles and control substances were assessed by repeated suction (per os) biopsies of the gastric antrum in three healthy men. the ingestion of 30 ounces of fukujinzuke (assorted vegetables pickled in soy sauce) or of vinegared gherkins over a three-day period caused marked changes in the surface epithelium and gastric pits in all three subjects. the abnormalities consisted of loss of cellular mucus, nuclear enlargement, prominent nuclear chromatin an ... | 1967 | 6026337 |
| medieval herbal iconography and lexicography of cucumis (cucumber and melon, cucurbitaceae) in the occident, 1300-1458. | the genus cucumis contains two species of important vegetable crops, c. sativus, cucumber, and c. melo, melon. melon has iconographical and textual records from lands of the mediterranean basin dating back to antiquity, but cucumber does not. the goal of this study was to obtain an improved understanding of the history of these crops in the occident. medieval images purportedly of cucumis were examined, their specific identity was determined and they were compared for originality, accuracy and t ... | 2011 | 21798859 |