| detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i using the polymerase chain reaction. | to develop the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) infection, cell lines or peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 2 non-human primate species [african green monkeys (agm), cercopithecus aethiops; baboon, papio cynocephalus] were evaluated for their stlv-i status using oligonucleotide primer pairs and probes specific for the tax and pol gene regions of the closely related human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). these pcr re ... | 1992 | 1312066 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based p24 capsid antigen detection assay for htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i infection. | a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and employed to detect p24 capsid antigen from human t-cell lymphotropic viruses type i and ii (htlv-i, htlv-ii), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i)-infected cell lines, and from mononuclear cell cocultures of htlv-infected humans and stlv-i infected monkeys. a monoclonal antibody specific for htlv p24 and p53 capsid antigens was coated onto 96-well microtiter plates to capture htlv/ ... | 1992 | 1318063 |
| detection and characterization of t-cell leukemia virus-like proviral sequences in pbl and tissues of baboons by pcr. | the "high lymphoma-prone" baboon stock (papio hamadryas) of the sukhumi primate center colony is characterized by a high prevalence of antibodies to the stlv-i/htlv-i type of retrovirus and a high manifestation of human atl-type (adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma) malignancies (yakovleva et al., this symposium). this is in contrast to other primate colonies and wild monkeys, which have low seroprevalence and very few if any atl-type t-cell malignancies. to characterize the type of t-cell lymphoma r ... | 1992 | 1318468 |
| simian t-cell leukemia virus type i infection in captive baboons. | human t-cell leukemia virus type (htlv-i) is a type c retrovirus that has been linked to both adult t-cell leukemia and neurological disorders in humans. baboons and other old world non-human primates harbor a related virus termed simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-i), which may also be associated with neoplastic disease. to explore the utility of the baboon as a model for htlv-i infection and disease, 329 baboons from a colony of 3200 at the southwest foundation for biomedical research ( ... | 1992 | 1333779 |
| serologic confirmation of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i infection by using immunoassays developed for human t-lymphotropic virus antibody detection. | serum specimens from diverse species of old world monkeys, categorized as seropositive (n = 97) or seronegative (n = 23) for human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection, were tested by using recombinant env-spiked western immunoblot assays and synthetic peptide assays for simultaneous detection and discrimination of simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) infection. of the 97 seropositive specimens, 93 reacted with the recombinant transmembrane (r21env) protein and 90 reacted with a recombinant, mta- ... | 1992 | 1349306 |
| an antigenic structure of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i), as defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | in order to study an antigenic structure of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i), tax1 antigen, we generated and characterized a panel of rat anti-tax1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated watm-1, watm-2, watm-3, and watm-4. these mabs were derived from wka rats immunized with htlv-i-transformed (htlv-i+) syngeneic t cells. immunoblot assays showed that: (1) all the mabs reacted with the tax1 antigen in htlv-i+ cell lines and a recombinant tax1 an ... | 1992 | 1371693 |
| ltr sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a newly discovered variant of htlv-i isolated from the hagahai of papua new guinea. | a 631-bp region of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of a variant of human t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i (htlv-i), isolated from a healthy member of a remote, recently contacted group (hagahai) in papua new guinea, was sequenced and compared to ltr sequences of other members of the primate t-cell lymphoma virus group (ptlv), including htlv-i, simian t-cell lymphoma virus (stlv-i) and htlv-ii. sequence analysis of the ltr of this new guinean isolate, designated as htlv-i(png-1), indicated a ... | 1992 | 1604804 |
| prevalence and transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and simian t-cell leukemia virus in a semi-free-range breeding colony of mandrills in gabon. | | 1991 | 1662960 |
| receptor interference groups of 20 retroviruses plating on human cells. | the types of receptors on the surfaces of human and other mammalian cells for 13 c-type and 7 d-type retrovirus strains were determined by interference to the formation of syncytia and the plating of viral pseudotypes. all the d-type simian retroviruses (srv-1-5, smrv, po-1-lu) share a common receptor which is also utilized by the baboon and cat endogenous c-type viruses (baev, rd114). syncytial cross-interference was also observed in human cells between the gibbon ape leukemia/simian sarcoma as ... | 1990 | 1691887 |
| siv, stlv-i and type d retrovirus antibodies in captive rhesus macaques and immunoblot reactivity to siv p27 in human and rhesus monkey sera. | the prevalence of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-i), and type d retrovirus (srv-d) antibodies was determined for 1229 rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) from two research colonies. serum samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunoblot (ib), and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa). seropositive results for the three retroviruses tested were 0 for siv, 270 (22%) for stlv-i, and 103 (8.4%) for type d retrovirus. o ... | 1990 | 1706606 |
| production of a recombinant human t-cell leukemia virus type-i trans-activator (tax1) antigen and its utilization for generation of monoclonal antibodies against various epitopes on the tax1 antigen. | a 42-kda recombinant protein, px141, consisting of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-1) (tax1 antigen) and the amino-terminal fusion peptide of 12 amino acid residues of the alpha-peptide encoded by the plasmid puc19 was produced. in order to investigate the immunogenicity of the tax1 antigen, mice were immunized with the purified px141 and 4 anti-tax1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated taxy-1, taxy-6, taxy-7 and taxy-8 were generated, and their reacti ... | 1991 | 1710610 |
| the trans-activating c-type retroviruses share a distinct epitope(s) that induces antibodies in certain infected hosts. | using sera from hosts infected with bovine leukaemia virus (blv), human t cell lymphoma virus types i and ii (htlv-i and -ii), or simian t cell lymphoma virus type i (stlv-i), we found that the major gag proteins of these viruses cross-react immunologically. the specificity of this cross-reactivity was demonstrated by absorption using purified viral proteins, virus lysates and extracts of infected cells. the data strongly suggested that the cross-reacting epitope(s), referred to as ce, differs f ... | 1991 | 1716653 |
| predictive b- and t-cell linear epitopes in structural proteins of htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i. | the primary amino acid sequences derived from the gag, pol, and env gene products of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) and type ii (htlv-ii) and the env protein of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) were aligned and computer algorithms were used to predict b- and t-cell epitopes. structural b- and t-cell motifs that showed amino acid sequence conservation of antigenic determinants in htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i, as well as different antigenic determinants of htlv-i an ... | 1991 | 1718345 |
| t-cell lymphosarcoma in a female african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops). | a female african green monkey developed a generalized lymphosarcoma spontaneously that clinically and pathologically resembled malignant lymphoma in human beings infected with human t-lymphotropic virus type i. the monkey was serologically positive for simian t-lymphotropic virus. immunocytochemical analysis of routinely fixed and paraffin embedded tumor tissue demonstrated neoplastic cells that stained positive with antihuman monoclonal uchl1 which recognized a t-cell-restricted isotype of leuk ... | 1990 | 2153857 |
| simian t cell leukemia virus type-1-specific killer t cells in naturally infected african green monkey carriers. | studies were made on the cellular immunity of 13 african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) naturally infected with simian t cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1), closely related to human t cell leukemia virus type 1. they were classified into 3 groups: 1) progressed carrier, 2) carrier, and 3) normal control. this grouping was made according to their hematologic features, i.e., number of peripheral white blood cells, existence of blastoid cells, presence of stlv-1 ag on pbl and anti-stlv-1 a ... | 1990 | 2155962 |
| [monoclonal integration of simian t-cell leukemia virus in hamadryas with malignant lymphoma]. | the association of simian t-cell leukemia virus with baboons malignant lymphoma was studied. proviral dna integrated in cells of lymphoid organs was detected in 19 of 21 sick animals examined. only 4 of 10 monkeys from high risk colony without clinical manifestations had virus-specific sequences in their cellular dnas. as a rule, s(h)tlv-i-infected cells monoclonally proliferated both in lymphomatous and healthy baboons. the restriction patterns with ecori, hindiii, psti, bamhi of s(h)tlv-i prov ... | 1990 | 2160885 |
| heterogeneity of antigen molecules recognized by anti-tax1 monoclonal antibody lt-4 in cell lines bearing human t cell leukemia virus type i and related retroviruses. | using a monoclonal antibody, lt-4, directed against human t cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) trans-activator (tax1) antigen, we examined the expression of tax1 and related antigens in a variety of t cell lines bearing htlv-i and related retroviruses, simian t cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i) and htlv-ii, by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. lt-4 reacted with all htlv-i-bearing cell lines tested and five out of eight simian cell lines bearing stlv-i, but not with an htlv-ii-bearing ... | 1990 | 2161813 |
| subunit vaccine protects macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) against simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i challenge. | five macaques received two vaccinations consisting of soluble human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i proteins from a cell/serum-free human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i-producing cell line. five other macaques were vaccine controls. all were challenged with a simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i-producing cell line. the vaccinated macaques generated a strong serological response to challenge as opposed to the control macaques. western blot analysis of the sera showed that both groups recog ... | 1990 | 2167165 |
| prevalence of natural infection with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i in a breeding colony of sooty mangabey monkeys. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsmm) and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i) in a captive breeding colony of sooty mangabey monkeys was determined, and infection by sivsmm was confirmed in all cases by virus isolation. among 138 animals tested, 57 and 33% were infected with sivsmm and stlv-i, respectively. while the proportion of female mangabeys (66%) differed significantly (p less than 0.01) from the proportion of male mangabeys (42%) infected wit ... | 1990 | 2168716 |
| [an analysis of the simian t-cell leukemia virus clonally integrated in baboon malignant lymphoma]. | proviral integration of a simian t-cell leukemia virus, s(h)tlv-i, highly homologous to human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 was examined in cellular dnas isolated from lymphoid organs of lymphomatous and healthy baboons from the sukhumi monkey colony. most of the sick and some of healthy monkeys contained htlv-i-related sequences in their chromosomal dnas. judging from the integration site of the provirus genome, s(h)tlv-i-infected cells had selective preferences and proliferated monoclonally. | 1990 | 2171229 |
| evaluation of a htlv-1 subunit vaccine in prevention of experimental stlv-i infection in macaca nemestrina. | pig-tailed macaques were vaccinated with a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) subunit vaccine. vaccinates and controls were challenged with simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i)-infected cells. vaccination yielded antibody responses to htlv-i and stlv-i gag and env precursors. controls developed htlv-i and stlv-i antibody to gag and tax protein. immunization produced syncytium inhibiting antibody and cellular cytotoxicity to virus-infected cells. reverse transcriptase act ... | 1990 | 2172541 |
| efficacy of an htlv-1 subunit vaccine in prevention of a stlv-1 infection in pig-tailed macaques. | three pig-tailed macaques were vaccinated twice, four weeks apart, with a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) subunit vaccine. four weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinated macaques and two control monkeys were challenged with a simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1)-infected cell line. following the first vaccination, an antibody response developed to htlv-1 and stlv-1 viral proteins as visualized by western blot. the antibody recognized both gag and env protein precursors a ... | 1990 | 2178125 |
| isolation of a new human retrovirus from west african patients with aids. | the etiological agent of aids, lav/htlv-iii, is common in central africa but is not endemic in other areas of that continent. a novel human retrovirus, distinct from lav/htlv-iii, has now been isolated from two aids patients from west africa. partial characterization of this virus revealed that it has biological and morphological properties very similar to lav but that it differs in some of its antigenic components. although the core antigens may share some common epitopes, the west african aids ... | 1986 | 2425430 |
| serological survey and virus isolation of simian t-cell leukemia/t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) in non-human primates in their native countries. | infection with a simian retrovirus (stlv-i) closely related to human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was investigated in non-human primates living in their native countries in africa and asia. serum antibodies cross-reacting with htlv-i antigens were detected in 85 of 567 non-human primates of 30 species. seropositive animals were found among african green monkeys, olive baboons, sykes' monkeys, mandrills and patas monkeys in several countries in africa, and cynomolgus monkeys, celebes maca ... | 1987 | 2440820 |
| efficient replication of htlv-iii and stlv-iiimac in human jurkat cells. | high producer cell lines were established by infecting jurkat cells with either htlv-iiib from h9 cells or with stlv-iiimac from hut-78 cells. the jurkat cells produced both viruses at least 10 times more efficiently then the original cell lines; the pelleted virus from jurkat cells was also less contaminated with non-virion proteins. accordingly, a higher specificity was attained in an elisa for antibodies to htlv-iii if the antigenic activity was derived from the virus from jurkat cells, as op ... | 1987 | 2443825 |
| a stlv-iii related human retrovirus, htlv-iv: analysis of cross-reactivity with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | a category of viruses has been identified which is related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) but is more closely related to a group of simian retroviruses (stlv-iii). these viruses named htlv-iv, lav-ii, or sbl-6669, are prevalent in west-africa. in this study, we analysed the cross-reactivity at the protein level between htlv-iv and hiv (htlv-iiib). the results indicate that most people infected with htlv-iv have antibodies that react to the major gag protein of hiv p 24. there is also a hi ... | 1987 | 2444614 |
| species-dependent antigenicity of the 34-kda glycoprotein found on the membrane of various primate lymphocytes transformed by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i) and simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv-i). | sixteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against ta34 antigen found on the surface of human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i) infected cells were prepared. these mabs and one previously prepared anti-ta34 mab (tag34) recognized 34-kda peptide not only in htlv-i-infected cells, but also in cells infected with simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv-i), which is analogous in antigenicity and gene structure to htlv-i. radioimmuno-precipitation (rip) tests with the mabs showed that ta34 antigen had at le ... | 1988 | 2448251 |
| monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 core proteins: cross-reactivity with hiv type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. | four mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed after immunization with one human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 isolate and were tested for reactivity with different hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates in an immunofluorescence assay and by immunological blot analysis. one of them, an anti-capsid (p24) antibody, called r1c7, reacted with all hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv isolates tested, thus identifying an epitope shared by all hiv and siv. another anti-capsid antibody, ... | 1988 | 2457921 |
| human retroviruses: a common virology. | there are five known human retroviruses: human t-lymphotropic virus-i (htlv-i), htlv-ii, htlv-v, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), and hiv-2. these are related to animal lentiviruses. the simian retroviruses, simian t-lymphotropic virus-i (stlv-i) and stlv-iii are related closely to htlv-i and hiv-2 respectively. htlv-i and htlv-ii and, possibly, htlv-v are transforming agents that immortalize the cd4 cell. in contrast, hiv-1 and hiv-2 cause this cell to lyse, resulting in immunodeficiency ... | 1989 | 2520546 |
| increased peripheral lymphocytes, lymphoid hepatitis and anaemia in african vervet monkeys seropositive to retroviruses. | wild-caught african vervet monkeys are commonly infected by simian t-lymphotropic virus i (stlv1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), yet the natural histories of these infections are largely unknown. seropositivity was associated with increased total, t and atypical lymphocytes. in seropositive females there was mild, normocytic, normochromic anaemia. lymphoid hepatitis was present in seven seropositive cases. african vervets used in biomedical research, vaccine production and organ transp ... | 1989 | 2551937 |
| [simian aids virus: review]. | the review article on simian aids viruses compiles the presently known facts of aids-related simian retroviruses causing immunodeficiencies or lymphomas in nonhuman primates. they are also compared to the situation in man. simian acquired immunodeficiencies or lymphoproliferative diseases can be caused by infectious (exogenous) oncoviruses (c- or d-type) or by lentiviruses. infectious d-type oncoviruses of simian origin are: mason-pfizer monkey virus (mpmv), simian retrovirus type 1 (srv-1), sim ... | 1989 | 2559560 |
| influences of related retroviruses on lymphocyte functions. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) is known to be profoundly immunosuppressive [spickett and dalgleish (1988) clin. exp. immunol. 71, 1]. in this communication, we have studied the influences of hiv-1 (bh10), hiv-2 (lav-2) and stlv-3 on b and t cells from healthy volunteers. b lymphocytes were found to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells in response to stimulation by proteins of hiv-1 and lav-2, but not by stlv-3. this response was obtained at protein concentrations of 0.05-0 ... | 1989 | 2631867 |
| chronic fatal disease in gorillas seropositive for simian t-lymphotropic virus i antibodies. | sera from 10 gorillas were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay, western blotting and elisa to human t-lymphotropic viruses for cross-reacting with antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus i (stlv-i). four were antibody positive. of the 4 seropositive gorillas, one has remained healthy, while 3 have died with similar disease problems as reconstructed from clinical records. it is not known whether a causal relationship exists between these diseases and stlv-i retrovirus infection. | 1987 | 2822228 |
| relation of htlv-4 to simian and human immunodeficiency-associated viruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is the aetiologic agent of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in most countries and probably originated in central africa like the aids epidemic itself. evidence for a second major group of human immunodeficiency-associated retroviruses came from a report that west african human populations like wild-caught african green monkeys had serum antibodies that reacted more strongly with a simian immunodeficiency virus (stlv-3mac) (ref.6) than with hi ... | 1987 | 2823148 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type i isolates from gabon and ghana: comparative analysis of proviral genomes. | two isolates of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) were obtained from lymphocyte cultures of a healthy carrier in gabon and another in ghana. their proviruses were analyzed by southern blot hybridization and compared with prototypical htlv-i isolated in japan and the united states. the provirus genomes of both strains were highly homologous to the prototype htlv-i along the whole viral genome. the restriction endonuclease sites of the ghanian isolate were almost identical with those of ... | 1987 | 2825405 |
| establishment of primate lymphoblastic cell lines by coculture with a simian t-cell leukemia virus-1 positive, hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase negative japanese macaque cell line. | a cell line (jamh17+) resistant to 8-azaguanine was established from a human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 related virus (simian t-cell leukemia virus-1) positive japanese macaque cell line. lymphoblastic cell lines were established from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of humans, hominoids, and several species of macaques by coculture with jamh17+ in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. htlv-1 specific antigen was detected in some of the established cell lines. phenotypic analysis sh ... | 1988 | 2835483 |
| analysis of false positive hiv-1 serologic testing in kenya. | sera of 95 mothers and 129 children from nairobi, kenya, collected in 1976, and of 466 adults and 193 children of embu district, kenya, collected in 1984 and 1985, were analyzed for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antibodies. although no hiv-1 seropositivity was demonstrated by western blot analysis in both study groups, 7% of nairobi mothers and 10% of adult females from embu district had false positive results by enzyme immunoassay (eia) compared with less than 1% s ... | 1988 | 2840237 |
| serological evidence for virus related to simian t-lymphotropic retrovirus iii in residents of west africa. | serological evidence is presented here suggesting that a virus closely related to simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) infects man in senegal, west africa, a region where aids or aids-related diseases have not yet been observed. 25 sera from senegalese individuals that were positive for antibodies to htlv-iii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were examined for antibodies to htlv-iii and stlv-iii by western blotting. sera from individuals originating from regions where aids has been ... | 1985 | 2867393 |
| an erythematous maculopapular eruption in macaques infected with an htlv-iii-like virus (stlv-iii). | a cutaneous maculopapular eruption has been previously described in humans infected with htlv-iii/lav, the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this study, rhesus monkeys were prospectively examined after infection with an htlv-iii-like virus (stlv-iii) to ascertain the incidence and clinical course of gross and histologic alterations of the skin. between 1-3 weeks after inoculation, 83% of infected animals developed a transient cutaneous maculopapular eruption of the face, ... | 1986 | 2877030 |
| development of adult t-cell leukemia-like disease in african green monkey associated with clonal integration of simian t-cell leukemia virus type i. | proviral integration of a simian retrovirus highly homologous to human t-cell leukemia virus type i was examined in cellular dnas extracted from primary peripheral blood lymphocytes of 31 adult african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) that were seropositive for simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). among these monkeys, one case with overt leukemia, showing pleomorphic leukemia cells similar to those in human adult t-cell leukemia (atl), and five cases in a preleukemic state of atl- ... | 1987 | 2878717 |
| hematologic abnormalities similar to the preleukemic state of adult t-cell leukemia in african green monkeys naturally infected with simian t-cell leukemia virus. | studies were made of the hematologic features of 23 adult african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) naturally infected with simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv), which is closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i. none of the stlv-infected monkeys showed any clinical signs, but their absolute lymphocyte count and percentage of atypical lymphocytes were significantly higher than those of uninfected monkeys. three stlv-infected monkeys had especially high percentages of atypical ly ... | 1986 | 2880832 |
| relationship of simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii to human retroviruses in africa. | | 1987 | 2889421 |
| comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | information on the extent of genetic variability among non-human primate lentiviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is sorely lacking. here we describe the isolation of two molecular clones from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and their use to derive restriction endonuclease maps of five siv isolates from rhesus macaques and one from a cynomolgus macaque. although similar, all six viral isolates are readily distinguishable; the single isolate from a cynomolgus macaque is ... | 1988 | 2893293 |
| [clinical and virological study of a case of infection with the hiv-lav 2 virus]. | a case of aids due to hiv/lav2 is reported. the patient was a 32 year old man from guinea-bissau with no known risk factors. he had brain toxoplasmosis, oral thrush and chronic genital herpes. investigations for igg anti-hiv/lav1' (elisa, western blot, ripa) were negative. antibodies to hiv/lav2 were found and cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes and cerebro-spinal fluid were positive. hiv/lav2 seems to be similar to stlv-iii (mac), stlv-iii (agm), and probably htlv-iv. | 1987 | 2893571 |
| the origins of hiv-1 and htlv-4/hiv-2. | more sophisticated knowledge of the different strains of seemingly closely related retroviruses is essential to understanding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and developing a successful vaccine. distinct exogenous human retroviruses include human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the etiologic agent in aids; human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), which has been linked with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma; and htlv-ii, a virus closely linked to htlv-i but not definitively impl ... | 1987 | 2894192 |
| prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. | the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ... | 1988 | 2895751 |
| immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i)-producing rabbit lymphoid cell lines. | fine structural and immunocytochemical characterization of rabbit lymphoid cell lines transformed by human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was carried out. all nine cell lines tested were reactive with anti-htlv-i-positive human, monkey, and rabbit sera and monoclonal antibody to htlv-ip 19, but not with anti-htlv-i-negative sera and monoclonal antibodies to human ia and pan-t antigens. all cell lines were strongly positive for monoclonal antibodies to rabbit ia and pan-t antigens. ultrastr ... | 1988 | 2899999 |
| retroviruses associated with leukemia and ablative syndromes in animals and in human beings. | t-lymphotropic retroviruses of cats cause lymphopenia and immunosuppression and represent the major cause of death in that species. similarly htlv-i which is t4 tropic is associated with an increased risk for development of infectious disease in regions where the virus is endemic. since htlv-i is also believed to be transmitted by blood and by sexual intercourse we considered the possibility that a variant form of htlv might cause aids. the identification of cross-reactive antibodies to htlv-i-m ... | 1985 | 2990682 |
| in vitro growth characteristics of simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii. | the type c retrovirus simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) has been isolated recently from immunodeficient macaque monkeys at the new england regional primate research center. the present studies were done to define the in vitro growth characteristics of this agent. stlv-iii replicates efficiently in interleukin 2-dependent t-cell cultures of macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), less efficiently in such cultures of human and gibbon pbl, and inefficiently in baboon pbl. no repli ... | 1985 | 2996002 |
| antigens of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. | antigens encoded by the gag and env genes of the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) include a p55 gag polyprotein that yields p24 as the major virus core protein, and an env gene polyprotein, gp 160, that produces gp 120, the most immunogenic protein in humans, at the amino terminus. although its use is limited to research laboratories due to the cost and specialized procedures involved, the analysis of sera by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium ... | 1985 | 2996402 |
| isolation of t-lymphotropic retrovirus related to htlv-iii/lav from wild-caught african green monkeys. | present evidence suggests that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) emerged in central africa as a new disease in recent decades. this disease has recently approached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world. the etiologic agent of aids is believed to be the virus htlv-iii/lav, which has been proposed as having originated from a recent simian-human transmission in africa. this report describes the isolation of a designated stlv-iiiagm retrovirus closely related to htlv-iii/lav f ... | 1985 | 2997923 |
| sequence homology of the simian retrovirus genome with human t-cell leukemia virus type i. | a retrovirus highly related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) was isolated from a t-cell line established from a seropositive pig-tailed monkey and the provirus genome was molecularly cloned using htlv-i as a probe. the monkey virus (stlv) had the genomic structure of the ltr-gag-pol-env-px-ltr. analysis of the env-px-ltr region revealed the 90% homology of the nucleotide sequence with that of htlv-i in each region. this high homology of the sequence indicates that stlv is a member ... | 1985 | 2998047 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type i is a member of the african subtype of simian viruses (stlv). | the nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of simian retroviruses (stlv), which are closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) were found to be of at least two subgroups: an asian subtype in macaques and an african subtype in african green monkeys and chimpanzee. the nucleotide sequence of htlv-i was found to be included within the divergence among stlv, but showed closer homology (95%) to african subtype stlv than to asian subtype stlv (90%). | 1986 | 3002040 |
| new human t-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iiiagm). | this report describes serologic evidence for a virus similar to that known as simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii of african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm) infecting apparently healthy people in senegal, west africa, and the isolation of virus from these individuals. serum samples from selected healthy west african people showed unusual serologic profiles when tested with antigens of htlv-iii/lav, the etiologic agent of aids, and of stlv-iiiagm. the samples reacted strongly with all of the major v ... | 1986 | 3006256 |
| isolation of an htlv-iii-related retrovirus from macaques with simian aids and its possible origin in asymptomatic mangabeys. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has become a worldwide epidemic, so the development of vaccines and antiviral agents effective against the causative agent, human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), is vital. this work would be greatly simplified if a suitable animal model could be developed. here we report the isolation of an htlv-iii-related retrovirus, stlv-iii/delta, from rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with transmissible simian aids (saids) and from asymptomatic sooty manga ... | 1986 | 3012358 |
| [lav type ii: a second retrovirus associated with aids in west africa]. | a second retrovirus, named lav-ii, has been isolated from two west-african patients with aids. by its genomic sequences and its proteins, this virus is different from the lav-i/htlv-iii, isolated from u.s.a., europe and central africa. it differs also from stlv-iii, isolated from rhesus macaques with aids, but displays an antigenic relationship with the latter virus, at the level of its external envelope protein. the tropism of lav-ii for t4 lymphocytes and the induction of cytopathic effect in ... | 1986 | 3013382 |
| transmissible lymphoma and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in rhesus monkeys. | four rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were inoculated with a homogenate of a cutaneous lepromatous leprosy lesion from a mangabey monkey (cercocebus atys). one died of b-cell lymphoma, and another died of an immunodeficiency syndrome. cell suspensions prepared from the tumor and spleen of the monkey with lymphoma induced lymphoma or an immunodeficiency syndrome when inoculated into additional young rhesus monkeys. the immunodeficiency syndrome was similar to simian acquired immunodeficiency syndr ... | 1986 | 3014195 |
| lymphoproliferative syndrome in an immunodeficient rhesus monkey naturally infected with an htlv-iii-like virus (stlv-iii). | a rhesus monkey with a naturally acquired stlv-iii infection developed immunosuppression and a lymphoproliferative syndrome characterized by progressive lymphadenopathy and widespread visceral mononuclear cell infiltration. on microscopic examination, diffuse sheets of plasmacytoid lymphoblasts obliterated the sinuses and follicles of the nodes, replaced normal cellular elements of the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, and infiltrated the lung, liver, kidney, salivary gland, pancreas, thyroid, st ... | 1986 | 3014214 |
| isolation of a t-lymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected sooty mangabey monkeys (cercocebus atys). | healthy mangabey monkeys in a colony at the yerkes regional primate research center were found to be infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). virus was isolated from peripheral blood cells of 14 of 15 randomly selected mangabeys. all virus-positive animals had antibodies to the mangabey virus at the time of virus isolation and, in a retrospective study, 82% of mangabey serum samples obtained in 1981 had antibodies to the virus. the newly isolated retrovirus is (i ... | 1986 | 3014542 |
| stlv-i antibodies in feral populations of east african vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | serum samples from feral populations of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were screened for antibodies to the simian t-lymphotropic virus, type i (stlv-i). blood samples had been collected from 336 monkeys in 4 regions of central and southern kenya in 1978 and 1979, from 114 monkeys in central ethiopia in 1973, and from 85 monkeys from the kampala region of uganda in 1966. a total of 178/535 monkeys (33%) were seropositive (stlv-i+). only 4/114 monkeys (4%) from ethiopia were seropo ... | 1986 | 3019900 |
| new human and simian hiv-related retroviruses possess functional transactivator (tat) gene. | new human retroviruses antigenically related to hiv and even more closely to stlv-iii have been recently isolated from individuals from some west african countries. one of these viruses, htlv-ivp, was reportedly isolated from lymphocytes of a healthy female prostitute. another isolate, lav-2fg, was obtained from an aids patient and third, sbl-6669, from an individual with lymphadenopathy. current epidemiological studies indicate that some of these virus isolates cause immune deficiency whereas o ... | 1987 | 3039372 |
| discrimination between antibodies to hiv and to related retroviruses using site-directed serology. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strains can be separated into two types: hiv and hiv-related west african viruses. site-directed serology using synthetic peptides offers possibilities for the determination of type-specific antibodies. a 22-amino-acid peptide with the sequence ala-ile-glu-lys-tyr-leu-glu-asp-gln-ala-gln-leu-asn-ala-trp-cys-ala-phe-arg-gln - val-cys representing a conserved region of the transmembranous protein of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus-type iii (stlv-iii; related to ... | 1987 | 3041232 |
| cloning of htlv-4 and its relation to simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. | although much is now known of the strain variation among the type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), which is the cause of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in the united states, europe, and central africa, much less is yet known about a second group of viruses that have been found in west africans. one member of this group, named human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 4 (htlv-4), has been isolated from healthy senegalese. another is the virus isolated from west africans with aids-li ... | 1987 | 3104797 |
| isolation of t-cell tropic htlv-iii-like retrovirus from macaques. | the isolation of a t-cell tropic retrovirus from three immunodeficient macaques and one macaque with lymphoma is described. the morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (htlv-iii or lav). this virus is referred to as simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) of macaques. the existence of a cytopathic, t-cell tropic virus resembling htlv-iii in monkeys may fa ... | 1985 | 3159089 |
| antibody to human and simian retrovirus, htlv-i, htlv-ii, hiv, stlv-iii, and srv-i not increased in patients with multiple sclerosis. | we have tested sera from patients with multiple sclerosis, matched controls, and those with other neurological diseases, as well as sera from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and controls and patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) and controls for antibody to human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), htlv-ii, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii, or simian retrovirus type i by immunofluorescent activity test, and for htlv-i and ... | 1988 | 3279901 |
| evidence for a euro-american origin of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | recent reports of the nonspecificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test in african populations, significant genomic differences between simian t-cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the early appearance of clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the us and europe are powerful arguments against the assumption that aids originated in africa. the authors postulate that hiv infection has been endemic in the euro-american population at ... | 1987 | 3316673 |
| inapparent carriers of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome type d retrovirus and disease transmission with saliva. | simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (saids) type d retrovirus (srv) was isolated from saliva, urine, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 6-year-old healthy rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) seronegative for antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i, htlv type iii, and simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii), identified as an inapparent saids carrier in retrospective epidemiologic studies. this animal was linked to 34 cases of saids over a 3-year period. two juven ... | 1986 | 3461210 |
| natural history of endemic type d retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. | a 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of saids and infection with a type d retrovirus, saids retrovirus serotype 1 (srv-1). of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with saids within 9 months of introduction into the resident saids-endemic population. in contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenil ... | 1987 | 3477665 |
| cross-reactivity to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and molecular cloning of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii from african green monkeys. | simian t-lymphotropic retroviruses with structural, antigenic, and cytopathic features similar to the etiologic agent of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav), have been isolated from a variety of primate species including african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm). this report describes nucleic acid cross-reactivity between stlv-iiiagm and htlv-iii/lav, molecular cloning of the stlv-iiiagm genome, and evaluation of ... | 1986 | 3491989 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. | the characterization of hiv-1 (htlv-iii/lav), the human retrovirus associated with aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect cd4-bearing t lymphocytes. simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (stlv-iiimac) induces symptoms similar to those of aids in infected macaques, but isolates from african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm) and mangabeys (stlv-iimm) appear t ... | 1987 | 3497350 |
| nucleotide sequence of the protease-coding region in an infectious dna of simian retrovirus (stlv) of the htlv-i family. | a provirus clone of simian t-cell leukemia virus isolated from a pigtailed monkey (pt-stlv), which is 90% homologous to htlv-i, was shown to be biologically active in transfection assay. in transfected cells, gp61env, pr55gag, and the mature gag proteins p24, p21, and p15 were detected, and type c particles were produced. the virus could be transmitted from the transfectants to recipient cells by cocultivation. in this biologically active provirus clone, a coding frame, possibly for protease, wa ... | 1986 | 3513435 |
| the genome organization of stlv-3 is similar to that of the aids virus except for a truncated transmembrane protein. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the 3' portion of the genome of simian t-lymphotropic virus type 3 from african green monkeys (stlv-3agm) reveals that it has the same general genome structure as the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), the etiologic agent of aids. short segments of strong amino acid homology and similar predicted protein structure characterize the tat and art/trs open reading frames (orf) of both viruses. strong conservation of 3' orf and of another, cs-orf, for which no protei ... | 1987 | 3646094 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| lack of endemic hiv infection in venezuela. | a seroepidemiological survey of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was recently conducted in 556 serum samples from donors in rural and urban areas of venezuela and from aboriginal amazonian indians. the samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to hiv by the elisa technique using several commercially available kits. 19 samples were positive. these samples then were tested by immunofluorescence, western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques as confirmatory assays. ... | 1987 | 3650099 |
| structure of the long terminal repeat of simian lymphotropic virus type iii (african green monkey) and its relatedness to that of hiv. | the simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii[agm]) is a retrovirus in wild african green monkeys which is serologically related to the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii/lav-1/hiv) and other related human retroviruses. the long terminal repeats (ltr) contained in clones of viral dna of (stlv-iii[agm]) were subcloned in m13 and their dna sequence was determined and compared with that of hiv (htlv-iii[bh10]). the stlv-iii(agm) ltr is considerably larger than that of htlv-iii(bh10) ... | 1987 | 3650101 |
| humoral immune responses to t cell tropic retrovirus simian t lymphotropic virus type iii in monkeys with experimentally induced acquired immune deficiency-like syndrome. | the t cell tropic retrovirus of macaque monkeys simian t lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) has morphologic, growth, and antigenic properties indicating that it is related to human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) of humans. stlv-iii has recently been shown to induce an aids-like disease in macaque monkeys. in this study the humoral immune responses of six experimentally i ... | 1986 | 3771794 |
| spontaneous malignant lymphoma in an african green monkey naturally infected with simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv). | an african green monkey naturally infected with simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) developed spontaneous malignant lymphoma of diffuse pleomorphic type. the clinical, hematological and histopathological characteristics were very similar to those of human adult t-cell leukemia. | 1986 | 3806651 |
| serologic identification and characterization of a macaque t-lymphotropic retrovirus closely related to htlv-iii. | human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) is thought to play an etiologic role in the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). in this study the serologic characterization of a new simian retrovirus that is related to htlv-iii is described. this new virus, here referred to as stlv-iii, was isolated from sick macaques at the new england regional primate research center. radioimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed stlv-iii-specific proteins of 160, 120, 55, and 24 kilodal ... | 1985 | 3873705 |
| detection of the x gene product of simian t-cell leukemia virus. | the gene product of the x region was examined in simian lymphoid cell lines producing simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv), which is closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv). by use of specific antibodies against px peptides of htlv-i, a protein of 41 kda was identified as a px product of stlv. | 1986 | 3949002 |
| characterization of simian retrovirus genome related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i. | human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) is exogenous for human transmission by viral infection and was shown to be a causative agent of adult t-cell leukemia (atl) in man. monkeys of several species were found to have antibodies reactive with htlv-i antigens and thus infection with htlv-i like retroviruses was suspected. the retroviruses in several species of monkeys were characterized by southern hybridization, molecular cloning and sequencing. these monkey retroviruses, tentatively called ... | 1984 | 6100642 |
| isolation and characterization of a new simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 from naturally infected celebes macaques (macaca tonkeana): complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationship with the australo-melanesian human t-cell leukemia virus type 1. | a study of simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) infection in a captive colony of 23 macaca tonkeana macaques indicated that 17 animals had high human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) antibody titers. genealogical analysis suggested mainly a mother-to-offspring transmission of this stlv-1. three long-term t-cell lines, established from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from three stlv-1-seropositive monkeys, produced htlv-1 gag and env antigens and retroviral particles. the ... | 1995 | 7474117 |
| isolation and characterization of simian t-cell leukemia virus type ii from new world monkeys. | since the description of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) and its simian counterpart, simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i), the possible existence of other related simian retroviruses has been raised. here, we report a new retrovirus, stlv-ii, which we have identified in spider monkeys (ateles fusciceps), a new world primate species. initially, a recombinant htlv-ii envelope protein (rp-iib) was used to identify anti-stlv-ii antibodies in new world monkeys by western blot (imm ... | 1994 | 7507178 |
| immune recognition of genetically diverse simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i isolates. | nucleotide sequence analysis of selected regions of the gag, pol, env and px genes of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains indicated that african isolates were more closely related to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) than asian isolates. despite these recent comparative studies on nucleotide sequence homology between htlv-i and stlv-i isolates, only limited information is available regarding the influence of genetic differences on antigen-antibody recognition o ... | 1995 | 7535998 |
| [large-cell anaplastic malignant cd30/ki-1-positive t-type lymphoma, associated with stlv-1 virus (baboon malignant lymphoma model]. | large-cell anaplastic malignant lymphoma of t-type (t-lcal) as an original form among human non-hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in updated kiel classification (1988) was defined. in human pathology t-lcal presents a considerable diagnostic difficulties and is not associated with htlv except some cutaneous forms. comparative examination was carried out in 5 cases of baboon t-lcal as a part of long-term investigation of the lymphoma outbreak in sukhumi monkey stock. in tumor-bearing baboons routine ... | 1995 | 7615247 |
| human t-cell leukaemia virus. | htlv-i has a complex and finely regulated mechanism of replication, which can be used as a model to study both cellular and viral regulation pathways in t-cells. understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the pleiotropic effects of htlv-i in the host represents a real challenge. immunological regulation likely plays a central role in htlv-i induced neurological disease, uveitis, and perhaps arthritis, implicating the importance of host factors as well. viral proteins, including tax a ... | 1995 | 7663044 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii. | human t-lymphotropic virus types i (htlv-i) and ii (htlv-ii) are members of a family of four known retroviruses that are oncogenic as opposed to cytopathic. this family includes htlv-i and -ii, bovine leukemia virus, and simian t-cell leukemia virus. the two types of htlv are closely related, and for more than a decade we have been aware of the presence of these viruses in humans. in the first part of this article i summarize recent epidemiologic and clinical findings related to the presence of ... | 1993 | 7686315 |
| spontaneously generated non-hodgkin's lymphoma in twenty-seven simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody-positive baboons (papio species). | simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1), a type c retrovirus associated with leukemia/lymphoma in old world monkeys, is closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus type 1, the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma in humans. in a colony of 3200 baboons, the prevalence of antibodies to stlv-1 is more than 40%. seropositivity is more frequent in female baboons than in males and increases with age. of 27 stlv-1 antibody-positive baboons with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 20 were femal ... | 1993 | 7901450 |
| [a new variant of the simian t-lymphotropic retrovirus type i (stlv-if) in the sukhumi colony of hamadryas baboons]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1) infection of p. hamadryas and direct sequencing using oligo-nucleotide primer pairs specific for the tax and env regions of the related human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1). excellent specificity was shown in the detection of stlv-1 provirus in infected baboons by pcr using htlv-1-derived primers. the nucleotide sequences of env 467bp and tax 159bp of the proviral genome (env posi ... | 1993 | 7905690 |
| phylogenetic associations of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i strains: evidence for interspecies transmission. | homologous env sequences from 17 human t-leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) strains from throughout the world and from 25 simian t-leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains from 12 simian species in asia and africa were analyzed in a phylogenetic context as an approach to resolving the natural history of these related retroviruses. stlv-i exhibited greater overall sequence variation between strains (1 to 18% compared with 0 to 9% for htlv-i), supporting the simian origin of th ... | 1994 | 7908063 |
| a primate t-lymphotropic virus, ptlv-l, different from human t-lymphotropic viruses types i and ii, in a wild-caught baboon (papio hamadryas). | searching for clues to the evolution of the primate t-lymphotropic viruses (ptlvs), which include the human and the simian t-lymphotropic viruses (htlv and stlv), we have identified another ptlv, which differs sufficiently from the known ptlv-i and ptlv-ii types to be designated here ptlv-l. the virus was isolated from a wild-born baboon (papio hamadryas) from eritrea. in a cdna library a 1802-bp-long fragment was identified that extends from the env region, including the complete transmembrane ... | 1994 | 7908445 |
| sexual transmission of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i: a model of human t-lymphotropic virus type i infection. | simian t-lymphotropic virus type-i (stlv-i) seronegative females placed together with seropositive males for breeding purposes were followed from 1984-1990 to determined seroconversion rates by enzyme immunoassay and western immunoblot analysis. two of 26 females and 1 of 4 males previously negative for antibodies to stlv-i seroconverted during the study period. statistical analysis of sexual encounters indicated that the probability of a seronegative female testing positive for stlv-i after a s ... | 1994 | 7908709 |
| spontaneous renal lymphosarcoma in a juvenile cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis). | spontaneous lymphosarcoma, likely of renal origin, was diagnosed in a naive, juvenile, male cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis). histologically, renal architecture was effaced by dense infiltrating sheets of plump cells with indistinct borders and scant amphophilic cytoplasm. mitoses were uncommon. similar neoplastic infiltrates were also present in the right renal cortex, one adrenal medulla, the prostate, seminal vesicles, myocardium, and the pulmonary interstitium. serological tests were ... | 1994 | 7932641 |
| establishing specific retrovirus-free breeding colonies of macaques: an approach to primary screening and surveillance. | for reasons of occupational safety and animal health, as well as to improve the quality of nonhuman primates used in biomedical research, the establishment and maintenance of specific retrovirus-free breeding colonies of macaques (genus macaca) are now high priorities. sensitive and specific screening tests are now available for use in identifying macaques infected with the exogenous simian retroviruses simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv), and simian type d re ... | 1994 | 7933966 |
| isolation of a novel simian t-cell lymphotropic virus from pan paniscus that is distantly related to the human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus types i and ii. | an unusual serological profile against human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i and ii (htlv-i and -ii) proteins was reported in several human pygmy tribes in zaire and cameroon with serum antibodies reactive with gp21 and p24. here we describe a similar pattern of serum antibodies in a colony of captive pygmy chimpanzees and the isolation of a novel retrovirus, simian t-cell lymphotropic virus from pan paniscus (stlvpan-p), from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of several seroposit ... | 1994 | 7966632 |
| genotyping of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i using australo-melanesian topotype-specific oligonucleotide primer-based polymerase chain reaction: insights into viral evolution and dissemination. | sequence variants of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), genetically distinct from cosmopolitan strains of htlv-i from japan, the americas, the caribbean, and africa, have been discovered among melanesians in papua new guinea and the solomon islands and among australian aboriginals. by using oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from sequences unique to the gp46- and gp21-encoding regions of the env gene of the melanesian htlv-i variants, htlv-i strains from widely separated geograph ... | 1994 | 7995973 |
| primate t-lymphotropic virus type i ltr sequence variation and its phylogenetic analysis: compatibility with an african origin of ptlv-i. | due to the low evolutionary rate and the limited horizontal transmission of human t-lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i), its phylogenetic analysis reveals the movements and contacts of ancient populations. since simian strains cannot be distinguished from human strains by phylogenetic criteria, this virus has appropriately been called primate t-lymphotropic virus type i (ptlv-i). we sequenced the ltr of six ptlv-i strains: three htlv-i strains from african patients with tropical spastic parapare ... | 1994 | 8009833 |
| genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i: evidence for independent virus evolution in asia and africa. | type c retroviruses, designated simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i), have been isolated from several genera of old world monkeys and apes, but not from new world monkeys and prosimians. to determine the genomic diversity and molecular evolution of stlv-i and to clarify their genetic relationship to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced selected regions of the gag, pol, env, and px genes of stlv-i strains from asia and af ... | 1994 | 8116255 |
| lack of evidence for infection with known human and animal retroviruses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | we investigated 21 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who were identified through the surveillance system of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in atlanta for the presence of several human and animal retroviruses. in addition, we evaluated 21 cdc employee controls matched with the patients for age (+/- 5 years), gender, and race. the viruses tested included human t-lymphotropic viruses types i and ii; human spuma retrovirus; simian t-lymphotropic virus type i; simian retrov ... | 1994 | 8148438 |
| identification of functional regions in the human t-cell leukemia virus type i su glycoprotein. | single conservative and nonconservative amino acid substitutions were introduced into the gp45 external envelope protein (su) of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). the mutated amino acids were those identified as being conserved in htlv-i, htlv-ii, and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (but not in bovine leukemia virus). the mutated envelopes were tested for intracellular maturation and for function. mutants with three major phenotypes could be defined: (i) 9 mutants with a wild-type ... | 1994 | 8189493 |
| seroepidemiologic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of simian t-cell leukemia viruses (stlv-i) from various naturally infected monkey species from central and western africa. | a study of simian t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus infection, conducted on 747 nonhuman primates belonging to 14 different species in central and western africa, indicated that 4 species (cercopithecus aethiops, erythrocebus patas, papio doguera, and cercopithecus mona pogonias) had a high prevalence of seropositivity to simian t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). the other nonhuman primate species, however, had negative or low levels of anti-htlv-i antibodies. stlv-i pol and env dna wa ... | 1994 | 8259665 |