| nutritive quality and palatability of switchgrass hays for sheep: effects of cultivar, nitrogen fertilization, and time of adaptation. | feeding and palatability trials were conducted with four cultivars (cv) of switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), fertilized at three levels of n (0, 75, or 150 kg of n/ha) in 2 yr. wether sheep had ad libitum access to chopped hays, and intake, apparent digestibility, particle passage rates, and concentrations of blood metabolites were determined. palatability was measured with mature sheep in cafeteria trials. nitrogen fertilization did not affect (p > .05) dm digestibility (dmd) or dmi, but there ... | 1992 | 1335450 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: i. diet composition and ingestive mastication. | in traditional grazing trials, per animal and per hectare productivity are determined, but pasture and animal measurements are generally inadequate to address reasons for different treatment responses. this 2-yr study examined the diet and diet characteristics of steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures. a randomized complete block design was us ... | 1991 | 1648065 |
| effects of nitrogen and sulfur on digestion and nutritive quality of warm-season grass hays for cattle and sheep. | the influence of n and s on the usage of warm-season grasses was examined in two metabolism trials with cattle and sheep. effects of n fertilization (75 kg n from urea/ha) on digestibility, intake, and ruminal mineral solubilization of switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.; swg) and big bluestem (andropogon gerardii vitm.; bb) hays were determined in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment with mature steers. effects of n and s applied as urea and sodium sulfate in spray form to swg hay were estimated in a 2 ... | 1991 | 1849882 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: ii. dry matter intake and digesta kinetics. | animal responses to treatments in grazing experiments frequently remain unexplained because of inadequate pasture and(or) animal measurements. this 2-yr study examined dmi, gastrointestinal tract fill of undigested dm (fill), rate of digesta passage (rop), and digesta mean retention time (mrt) for steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.). a randomized co ... | 1991 | 2061249 |
| ruminal degradation of switchgrass, big bluestem, and smooth bromegrass leaf proteins. | two in situ protein disappearance experiments were conducted to determine disappearance rates of leaf protein fractions and characterize individual leaf protein fractions that escaped ruminal degradation. fresh leaf blades of two warm-season grasses, switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) and big bluestem (andropogon gerardii vitman), and one cool-season grass, smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), were included in exp. 1. only warm-season grasses were used in exp. 2. leaves were harvested from ... | 1995 | 7601796 |
| supplementation of growing cattle grazing warm-season grass with proteins of various ruminal degradabilities. | this study was conducted to determine in situ ruminal protein degradation and animal responses to ruminally degraded and escape protein supplementation of warm-season grass. cattle grazed a mixed stand of primarily big bluestem (andropogon gerardii vitman) and switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) with some indiangrass (sorghastrum nutans [l.] nash) from the 1st wk of june to the 3rd wk of august. in 1987, 72 yearling steers (286 kg) were allotted randomly to three treatments: energy control (cornst ... | 1993 | 8074742 |
| influence of forage species and diet particle size on the passage of digesta and nylon particles from the reticulorumen of steers. | to assess factors that influence the passage of digesta from the reticulorumen, ruminally fistulated steers (387 kg) were fed to appetite in a 4 x 4 latin square design either orchardgrass (og) (dactylis glomerata l.) or switchgrass (sg) (panicum virgatum l.) hays. the two hays were fed in either the long form or ground to pass a 2-cm screen. steers fed og diets had greater dmi (p < .05) than steers fed sg diets (11.7 vs 10.4 kg/d respectively). particle size of ruminal digesta and feces determi ... | 1993 | 8226378 |
| intake and chewing behavior of steers consuming switchgrass preserved as hay or silage. | effect of preservation method on intake and chewing behavior was examined using a first, late vegetative harvest (mid-june) of kanlow switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). for silage (s), forage was harvested with a commercial field chopper (1.5 to 4 cm average chop length) and ensiled directly in silos 1.2 m in diameter and 3.6 m in height. for hay (h), forage was harvested with a flail-chopper (7 to 15 cm average chop length) and cured as hay in a drier at 77 degrees c. diets of h and s were fed ... | 2000 | 10907842 |
| nutrient movement and removal in a switchgrass biomass-filter strip system treated with dairy manure. | manure use on cropland has raised concern about nutrient contamination of surface and ground waters. warm-season perennial grasses may be useful in filter strips to trap manure nutrients and as biomass feedstock for nutrient removal. we explored the use of 'alamo' switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) in a biomass production-filter strip system treated with dairy manure. we measured changes in extractable p in the soil, no3 -n in soil water, and changes in total reactive p and chemical oxygen demand ... | 2001 | 11215655 |
| urea flux in beef steers: effects of forage species and nitrogen fertilization. | the effects of two forage species and n levels on urea kinetics and whole-body n metabolism were evaluated in eight angus steers (initial bw 217+/-15 kg). in a replicated, 4 x 4 latin square design, steers were fed gamagrass (tripsacum dactyloides l.) or switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), each of which had 56.2 (lo) or 168.5 (hi) kg of n fertilization per hectare. diets provided adequate energy for 0.5 kg adg. nitrogen balance and urea kinetics were measured from d 22 to 27 of each period. urine ... | 2001 | 11465382 |
| the isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) has been reported to be hepatotoxic, causing photosensitization in lambs and horses. in this study we show the presence of steroidal saponins in two samples of switchgrass that has been implicated in the poisonings of sheep and horses. after hydrolysis of the saponins, diosgenin was determined to be the major sapogenin in both switchgrass samples. we also confirmed the presence of diosgenin in kleingrass after hydrolysis of saponins extracted from it. | 2001 | 11695816 |
| reversal of dormancy in switchgrass with low-light photoperiod extension. | some switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) cultivars originating in the northern usa show limited late-summer and fall growth when grown in more southerly locations despite adequate temperature and moisture. our objective was to determine the effects of low-light photoperiod extension on the dry matter yield of switchgrass cultivars originating from contrasting latitudes. seedlings of the four cultivars (cave-in-rock, 'caddo', 'kanlow', and 'alamo') were grown for 100 d in a greenhouse in winter und ... | 2004 | 14592742 |
| the influence of high-nitrogen forages on the voluntary feed intake of sheep. | the objective of this research was to examine the effect of high concentrations of nonprotein nitrogen (npn) on the voluntary food intake of sheep fed high-quality grasses. wether lambs (n = 6 per treatment) were fed dried switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.; exp. 1) or dried tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.; exp. 2). in both experiments, urea was added to the dried forage at 0 (control), 12, or 24 g of n/kg of dm to increase the npn concentration. acid detergent fiber concentrations were 3 ... | 2004 | 15144097 |
| enzyme pretreatment of grass lignocellulose for potential high-value co-products and an improved fermentable substrate. | crops such as switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), bermudagrass(cynodon dactylon l.), or napiergrass (pennisetum purpureum schumach.)have the capacity to produce large quantities of lignocellulose for biofuel(1). to facilitate use of lignocellulosic material for ethanol, it will be necessaryto determine cost-efficient pretreatments to enhance the conversion tofermentable sugars. the lignified residual products from ethanol productioncould also provide a value-added co-product for industrial feedst ... | 2005 | 15917608 |
| establishment and growth of experimental grass species mixtures on coal mine sites reclaimed with municipal biosolids. | the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 requires that coal mine sites in the united states be reclaimed to establish vegetative cover that is diverse, native, and capable of plant succession. however, there is a question as to whether vegetation established on coal mine sites reclaimed with biosolids is diverse and capable of plant succession. the influx of nutrients with the addition of biosolids leads to long-term dominance by early-successional species, most notably grasses, an ... | 2005 | 15920668 |
| evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil. | four greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of native prairie grasses and two pesticide-degrading bacteria to remediate atrazine and metolachlor in soils from agricultural dealerships (alpha site soil, northwest iowa, usa; bravo site soil, central iowa, usa). the alpha soil contained a low population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms relative to the bravo soil. each soil freshly treated with atrazine or metolachlor was aged for a short or long period of time, respectively. ... | 2005 | 16268144 |
| effects of corn condensed distillers solubles supplementation on ruminal fermentation, digestion, and in situ disappearance in steers consuming low-quality hay. | two metabolism (4 x 4 latin square design) experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn condensed distillers solubles (ccds) supplementation on intake, ruminal fermentation, site of digestion, and the in situ disappearance rate of forage in beef steers fed low-quality switchgrass hay (panicum virgatum l.). experimental periods for both trials consisted of a 9-d diet adaptation and 5 d of collection. in exp. 1, 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (561 +/- 53 kg of initial b ... | 2006 | 16699103 |
| switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). | during the last decade, agrobacterium-mediated transformation of more than a dozen monocotyledonous plants, including forage and turf grasses, has been achieved. so far, switchgrass is the only warm season grass that has been transformed with a. tumefaciens. we have developed a highly efficient system for transformation of different switchgrass explants utilizing the a. tumefaciens strain agl1 carrying the binary vector pdm805, containing the phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (bar) and beta-gluc ... | 2006 | 17033052 |
| afternoon harvest increases readily fermentable carbohydrate concentration and voluntary intake of gamagrass and switchgrass baleage by beef steers. | our objective was to determine if harvest in the morning (am, 0600) vs. the afternoon (pm, 1800) affects composition and voluntary dmi of gamagrass (gg) or switchgrass (sg) stored as baleage. iuka gg (tripsacum dactyloides l.) and alamo sg (panicum virgatum l.) were cut with a mower-conditioner, immediately round-baled, wrapped in plastic, and stored as baleage. beef steers (255 +/- 7 kg of bw) were assigned (5 steers/treatment) to gg/am, gg/pm, sg/am, or sg/pm. ad libitum intake was measured fo ... | 2007 | 17179566 |
| management of warm-season grass mixtures for biomass production in south dakota usa. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), big bluestem (andropogon gerardii vitman), and indiangrass (sorghastrum nutans (l.) nash) are native warm-season grasses commonly used for pasture, hay, and conservation. more recently switchgrass has also been identified as a potential biomass energy crop, but management of mixtures of these species for biomass is not well documented. therefore, the objectives of our study were to: (1) determine the effects of harvest timing and n rate on yield and biomass cha ... | 2008 | 17349789 |
| influence of harvest time on fuel characteristics of five potential energy crops in northern china. | five potential energy crops in northern china were examined for fuel characteristics over different harvest times to test whether or not a delayed harvest improves fuel quality in a semiarid area in china as is the case in northern europe and north america. the five crops include indigo bush (amorpha fruticosa), sand willow (salix cheilophila), switch grass (panicum virgatum), reed canary grass (phalaris arundinacea), and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). these crops are considered as fuels for ... | 2008 | 17382539 |
| the interaction of harvesting time of day of switchgrass hay and ruminal degradability of supplemental protein offered to beef steers. | the objective of this study was to evaluate an interaction between harvest at 0600 (am) vs. 1800 (pm) with high (hi) or low (lo) ruminal degradability of a protein supplement to change voluntary intake, digestion, or n retention by steers offered switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) hay. black steers (255 +/- 14 kg of bw) were blocked by bw, and then randomly assigned (5 steers each) to am/hi, pm/hi, am/lo, or pm/lo treatment groups. steers were group-housed in covered, outdoor pens with individual ... | 2008 | 17911235 |
| molecular breeding of switchgrass for use as a biofuel crop. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is projected to become one of the main herbaceous, biofuel crops in united states. this status was the result of several years of research; much it sponsored by the united states department of energy (doe). literature documenting fundamental aspects of switchgrass taxonomy, genetics, breeding, management, physiology, and use is now available and form the basis for protocols to establish and manage the crop, as well as efforts to develop improved cultivars. futur ... | 2007 | 17933511 |
| net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass. | perennial herbaceous plants such as switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) are being evaluated as cellulosic bioenergy crops. two major concerns have been the net energy efficiency and economic feasibility of switchgrass and similar crops. all previous energy analyses have been based on data from research plots (<5 m2) and estimated inputs. we managed switchgrass as a biomass energy crop in field trials of 3-9 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m2) on marginal cropland on 10 farms across a wide precipitation and temp ... | 2008 | 18180449 |
| forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region. | small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ... | 2008 | 18407993 |
| seasonal changes in depth of water uptake for encroaching trees juniperus virginiana and pinus ponderosa and two dominant c4 grasses in a semiarid grassland. | we used the natural abundance of stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in soil (0.05-3 m depth), plant xylem and precipitation to determine the seasonal changes in sources of soil water uptake by two native encroaching woody species (pinus ponderosa p. & c. lawson, juniperus virginiana l.), and two c(4) grasses (schizachyrium scoparium (michx.) nash, panicum virgatum l.), in the semiarid sandhills grasslands of nebraska. grass species extracted most of their water from the upper soil pro ... | 2009 | 19203941 |
| isolation, characterization, and quantification of steroidal saponins in switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) has been identified for development into an efficient and environmentally friendly biomass energy crop. a recent 5 year study demonstrated that switchgrass grown for biofuel production produced 540% more energy than what is needed to grow, harvest, and process it into cellulosic ethanol. if switchgrass is grown on a scale useful for a bioenergy source, some of the material could be used by livestock as hay or pasture. switchgrass has been reported to cause hepat ... | 2009 | 19243100 |
| effects of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) rotations with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) on nematode populations and soil microflora. | a 3-year field rotation study was conducted to assess the potential of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) to suppress root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii), and aflatoxigenic fungi (aspergillus sp.) in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and to assess shifts in microbial populations following crop rotation. switchgrass did not support populations of root-knot nematodes but supported high populations of nonparasitic nematodes. peanut with no nematicide applied and ... | 2002 | 19265915 |
| synthesis of methyl halides from biomass using engineered microbes. | methyl halides are used as agricultural fumigants and are precursor molecules that can be catalytically converted to chemicals and fuels. plants and microorganisms naturally produce methyl halides, but these organisms produce very low yields or are not amenable to industrial production. a single methyl halide transferase (mht) enzyme transfers the methyl group from the ubiquitous metabolite s-adenoyl methionine (sam) to a halide ion. using a synthetic metagenomic approach, we chemically synthesi ... | 2009 | 19378995 |
| switchgrass (panicum virgatum) possesses a divergent family of cinnamoyl coa reductases with distinct biochemical properties. | the down-regulation of enzymes of the monolignol pathway results in reduced recalcitrance of biomass for lignocellulosic ethanol production. cinnamoyl coa reductase (ccr) catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway specifically dedicated to monolignol biosynthesis. however, plants contain multiple ccr-like genes, complicating the selection of lignin-specific targets. this study was undertaken to understand the complexity of the ccr gene family in tetraploid switchgrass (panicum virga ... | 2010 | 19761442 |
| genetic transformation of switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a highly productive warm-season c4 species that is being developed into a dedicated biofuel crop. this chapter describes a protocol that allows the generation of transgenic switchgrass plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. embryogenic calluses induced from caryopses or inflorescences were used as explants for inoculation with a. tumefaciens strain eha105. hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) was used as the selectable marker and hyg ... | 2009 | 19768615 |
| anthracnose disease of switchgrass caused by the novel fungal species colletotrichum navitas. | in recent years perennial grasses such as the native tallgrass prairie plant panicum virgatum (switchgrass) have taken on a new role in the north american landscape as a plant-based source of renewable energy. because switchgrass is a native plant, it has been suggested that disease problems will be minimal, but little research in this area has been conducted. recently, outbreaks of switchgrass anthracnose disease have been reported from the northeastern united states. incidences of switchgrass ... | 2009 | 19800001 |
| development and feeding of fall armyworm on miscanthus x giganteus and switchgrass. | observations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), larvae infesting plots of miscanthus x giganteus greef and deuter ex hodkinson and renvoize prompted laboratory-based tests of survival, development, and feeding preferences on leaf tissue from m. x giganteus and switchgrass, panicum virgatum l. survival from hatch to pupation was >70 and 50% for fall armyworms reared on switchgrass and m. x giganteus, respectively, although survival of the s. frugiperda ... | 2009 | 20069844 |
| targeted discovery of glycoside hydrolases from a switchgrass-adapted compost community. | development of cellulosic biofuels from non-food crops is currently an area of intense research interest. tailoring depolymerizing enzymes to particular feedstocks and pretreatment conditions is one promising avenue of research in this area. here we added a green-waste compost inoculum to switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and simulated thermophilic composting in a bioreactor to select for a switchgrass-adapted community and to facilitate targeted discovery of glycoside hydrolases. small-subunit (ss ... | 2010 | 20098679 |
| optimizing on-farm pretreatment of perennial grasses for fuel ethanol production. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) were pretreated under ambient temperature and pressure with sulfuric acid and calcium hydroxide in separate experiments. chemical loadings from 0 to 100g (kg dm)(-1) and durations of anaerobic storage from 0 to 180days were investigated by way of a central composite design at two moisture contents (40% or 60% w.b.). pretreated and untreated samples were fermented to ethanol by saccharomyces cerevisiae d5a in the pre ... | 2010 | 20202834 |
| a high-throughput transient gene expression system for switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) seedlings. | abstract: | 2010 | 20459651 |
| application of sequence-independent amplification (sia) for the identification of rna viruses in bioenergy crops. | miscanthus x giganteus, energycane, and panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are three potential biomass crops being evaluated for commercial cellulosic ethanol production. viral diseases are potentially significant threats to these crops. therefore, identification of viruses infecting these bioenergy crops is important for quarantine purposes, virus resistance breeding, and production of virus-free planting materials. the application is described of sequence-independent amplification, for the identif ... | 2010 | 20638415 |
| transition of cellulose crystalline structure and surface morphology of biomass as a function of ionic liquid pretreatment and its relation to enzymatic hydrolysis. | cellulose is inherently resistant to breakdown, and the native crystalline structure (cellulose i) of cellulose is considered to be one of the major factors limiting its potential in terms of cost-competitive lignocellulosic biofuel production. here we report the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the cellulose crystalline structure in different feedstocks, including microcrystalline cellulose (avicel), switchgrass (panicum virgatum), pine ( pinus radiata ), and eucalyptus ( eucalyptus globu ... | 2011 | 21361369 |
| bioenergy crops miscanthus x giganteus and panicum virgatum reduce growth and survivorship of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | large-scale cultivation of plants used as biofuels is likely to alter the ecological interactions of current agricultural crops and their insect pests in a myriad of ways. recent evidence suggests many contemporary maize pests will be able to use potential biofuel crops such as switchgrass, panicum virgatum l., and miscanthus as hosts. to determine how suitable these biofuels are to the maize, zea mays l., pest and generalist graminivore, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuid ... | 2011 | 21510193 |
| oxidative lime pretreatment of alamo switchgrass. | previous studies have shown that oxidative lime pretreatment is an effective delignification method that improves the enzymatic digestibility of many biomass feedstocks. the purpose of this work is to determine the recommended oxidative lime pretreatment conditions (reaction temperature, time, pressure, and lime loading) for alamo switchgrass (panicum virgatum). enzymatic hydrolysis of glucan and xylan was used to determine the performance of the 52 studied pretreatment conditions. the recommend ... | 2011 | 21537891 |
| three sympatrically occurring species of metarhizium show plant rhizosphere specificity. | here we tested the hypothesis that species of the soil-inhabiting insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium are not randomly distributed in soils but show plant rhizosphere-specific associations. we isolated metarhizium from plant roots at two sites in ontario, canada, sequenced the 5' ef-1a gene to discern metarhizium species, and developed an rflp for rapid species identification. results indicated a non-random association of three metarhizium species (metarhizium robertsii, m. brunneum and m. guiz ... | 2011 | 21778205 |
| switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) ubiquitin gene (pvubi1 and pvubi2) promoters for use in plant transformation. | abstract: background: the ubiquitin protein is present in all eukaryotic cells and promoters from ubiquitin genes are good candidates to regulate the constitutive expression of transgenes in plants. therefore, two switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) ubiquitin genes (pvubi1 and pvubi2) were cloned and characterized. reporter constructs were produced containing the isolated 5' upstream regulatory regions of the coding sequences (i.e. pvubi1 and pvubi2 promoters) fused to the gusa coding region (gus) ... | 2011 | 21745390 |
| the effects of herbivory on neighbor interactions along a coastal marsh gradient. | many current theories of community function are based on the assumption that disturbances such as herbivory act to reduce the importance of neighbor interactions among plants. in this study, we examined the effects of herbivory (primarily by nutria, myocastor coypus) on neighbor interactions between three dominant grasses in three coastal marsh communities, fresh, oligohaline, and mesohaline. the grasses studied were panicum virgatum, spartina patens, and spartina alterniflora, which are dominan ... | 1997 | 21708623 |
| rapid determination of syringyl: guaiacyl ratios using ft-raman spectroscopy. | lignin composition in relation to its basic phenylpropanoid units, particularly the syringyl to guaiacyl (s/g) ratio, is an important property for biomass characterization and varies greatly as a function of species, genotype and environment. a rapid screening method is highly desirable to assess lignin composition in a large number of samples. we have developed a nondestructive and label-free fourier transform raman (ft-raman) spectroscopic method that is capable of rapidly and reliably measuri ... | 2011 | 22012706 |
| The insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (Clavicipitaceae) is also an endophyte that stimulates plant root development. | • Premise of the study: The soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii also colonizes plant roots endophytically, thus showing potential as a plant symbiont. Metarhizium robertsii is not randomly distributed in soils but preferentially associates with the plant rhizosphere when applied in agricultural settings. Root surface and endophytic colonization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by M. robertsii were examined after inoculation with ... | 2011 | 22174335 |
| Functional characterization of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) R2R3-MYB transcription factor PvMYB4 for improvement of lignocellulosic feedstocks. | • The major obstacle for bioenergy production from switchgrass biomass is the low saccharification efficiency caused by cell wall recalcitrance. Saccharification efficiency is negatively correlated with both lignin content and cell wall ester-linked p-coumarate: ferulate (p-CA : FA) ratio. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB transcription factor from switchgrass and evaluated its potential for developing lignocellulosic feedstocks. • The switchgrass PvMYB4 cDNAs w ... | 2012 | 21988539 |
| gateway-compatible vectors for high-throughput gene functional analysis in switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) and other monocot species. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a c4 perennial grass and has been identified as a potential bioenergy crop for cellulosic ethanol because of its rapid growth rate, nutrient use efficiency and widespread distribution throughout north america. the improvement of bioenergy feedstocks is needed to make cellulosic ethanol economically feasible, and genetic engineering of switchgrass is a promising approach towards this goal. a crucial component of creating transgenic switchgrass is having the ca ... | 2011 | 21955653 |
| Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Kanlow switchgrass by thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3: the effect of enzyme loading, temperature and higher solid loadings. | Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was subjected to hydrothermolysis pretreatment and then used to study the effect of enzyme loading and temperature in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with the thermotolerant yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 at 8% solid loading. Various loadings of Accellerase 1500 between 0.1 and 1.1 mL g(-1) glucan were tested in SSF at 45 °C (activity of enzyme was 82.2 FPU mL(-1)). The optimum enzyme loading was 0.7 mL g(-1) glucan based on the si ... | 2011 | 21955879 |
| diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with switchgrass in the native tallgrass prairie of northern oklahoma. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a perennial c4 grass native to north america that is being developed as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. industrial nitrogen fertilizers enhance switchgrass biomass production but add to production and environmental costs. a potential sustainable alternative source of nitrogen is biological nitrogen fixation. as a step in this direction, we studied the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nfb) associated with native switchgrass plants from the ... | 2014 | 25002418 |
| microbial community analysis of switchgrass planted and unplanted soil microcosms displaying pcb dechlorination. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) pose potential risks to human and environmental health because they are carcinogenic, persistent, and bioaccumulative. in this study, we investigated bacterial communities in soil microcosms spiked with pcb 52, 77, and 153. switchgrass (panicum virgatum) was employed to improve overall pcb removal, and redox cycling (i.e., sequential periods of flooding followed by periods of no flooding) was performed in an effort to promote pcb dechlorination. lesser chlorinate ... | 2015 | 25820643 |
| complete genome of the switchgrass endophyte enterobacter clocace p101. | the enterobacter cloacae complex is genetically very diverse. the increasing number of complete genomic sequences of e. cloacae is helping to determine the exact relationship among members of the complex. e. cloacae p101 is an endophyte of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and is closely related to other e. cloacae strains isolated from plants. the p101 genome consists of a 5,369,929 bp chromosome. the chromosome has 5,164 protein-coding regions, 100 trna sequences, and 8 rrna operons. | 2014 | 25197457 |
| identification, characterization, and gene expression analysis of nucleotide binding site (nb)-type resistance gene homologues in switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a warm-season perennial grass that can be used as a second generation bioenergy crop. however, foliar fungal pathogens, like switchgrass rust, have the potential to significantly reduce switchgrass biomass yield. despite its importance as a prominent bioenergy crop, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of nb-lrr disease resistance genes has yet to be performed in switchgrass. | 2016 | 27821048 |
| metabolic engineering of caldicellulosiruptor bescii yields increased hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass. | members of the anaerobic thermophilic bacterial genus caldicellulosiruptor are emerging candidates for consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) because they are capable of efficiently growing on biomass without conventional pretreatment. c. bescii produces primarily lactate, acetate and hydrogen as fermentation products, and while some caldicellulosiruptor strains produce small amounts of ethanol c. bescii does not, making it an attractive background to examine the effects of metabolic engineering. the ... | 2013 | 23731756 |
| succession of lignocellulolytic bacterial consortia bred anaerobically from lake sediment. | anaerobic bacteria degrade lignocellulose in various anoxic and organically rich environments, often in a syntrophic process. anaerobic enrichments of bacterial communities on a recalcitrant lignocellulose source were studied combining polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, amplicon sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and culturing. three consortia were constructed using the microbiota of lake sediment as the starting inoculum and untreated switchgrass (panicum virgatum) ... | 2016 | 26875750 |
| expression in grasses of multiple transgenes for degradation of munitions compounds on live-fire training ranges. | the deposition of toxic munitions compounds, such as hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (rdx), on soils around targets in live-fire training ranges is an important source of groundwater contamination. plants take up rdx but do not significantly degrade it. reported here is the transformation of two perennial grass species, switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera), with the genes for degradation of rdx. these species possess a number of agronomic trait ... | 2016 | 27862819 |
| a simple and reliable multi-gene transformation method for switchgrass. | a simple and reliable agrobacterium -mediated transformation method was developed for switchgrass. using this method, many transgenic plants carrying multiple genes-of-interest could be produced without untransformed escape. switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a promising biomass crop for bioenergy. to obtain transgenic switchgrass plants carrying a multi-gene trait in a simple manner, an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was established by constructing a gateway-based binary vector, ... | 2014 | 24700247 |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the productivity and structure of prairie grassland communities. | due to their complementary roles in meeting plant nutritional needs, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (n(2)-fixers) may have synergistic effects on plant communities. using greenhouse microcosms, we tested the effects of amf, n(2)-fixers (symbiotic: rhizobia, and associative: azospirillum brasilense), and their potential interactions on the productivity, diversity, and species composition of diverse tallgrass prairie communities and on the productivity of panicum v ... | 2012 | 22684866 |
| isolation and characterization of indigenous endophytic bacteria associated with leaves of switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) cultivars. | to isolate and characterize indigenous bacterial endophytes from cultivars of switchgrass and study their antimicrobial and growth promoting potential. | 2013 | 23190162 |
| ubiquity of insect-derived nitrogen transfer to plants by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi: an additional branch of the soil nitrogen cycle. | the study of symbiotic nitrogen transfer in soil has largely focused on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. vascular plants can lose a substantial amount of their nitrogen through insect herbivory. previously, we showed that plants were able to reacquire nitrogen from insects through a partnership with the endophytic, insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii. that is, the endophytic capability and insect pathogenicity of m. robertsii are coupled so that the fungus acts as a conduit to provide insect ... | 2014 | 24334669 |
| hydrogen peroxide staining to visualize intracellular bacterial infections of seedling root cells. | visualization of bacteria in living plant cells and tissues is often problematic due to lack of stains that pass through living plant cell membranes and selectively stain bacterial cells. in this article, we report the use of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (dab) to stain hydrogen peroxide associated with bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells. tissues were counterstained with aniline blue/lactophenol to stain protein in bacterial cells. using this staining method to visualize intracellular ... | 2014 | 24825573 |
| protoplast isolation and transient gene expression in switchgrass, panicum virgatum l. | transient assay systems using protoplasts have been utilized in several plant species and are a powerful tool for rapid functional gene analysis and biochemical manipulations. a protoplast system has not been used in switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), even though it is a bioenergy crop that has received considerable attention. here we report the first protocol to isolate large numbers of viable protoplasts from both leaves and roots of two switchgrass genotypes. furthermore, we demonstrate trans ... | 2008 | 18064611 |
| abolishing activity against ascorbate in a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is being developed as a bioenergy species. recently an early version of its genome has been released permitting a route to the cloning and analysis of key proteins. ascorbate peroxidases (apx) are an important part of the antioxidant defense system of plant cells and present a well studied model to understand structure-function relationships. analysis of the genome indicates that switchgrass encodes several cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases with apparent varying l ... | 2013 | 23809633 |
| complete genome sequence of switchgrass mosaic virus, a member of a proposed new species in the genus marafivirus. | the complete genome sequence of a virus recently detected in switchgrass (panicum virgatum) was determined and found to be closely related to that of maize rayado fino virus (mrfv), genus marafivirus, family tymoviridae. the genomic rna is 6408 nucleotides long. it contains three predicted open reading frames (orfs 1-3), encoding proteins of 227 kda, 43.9 kda, and 31.5 kda, compared to two orfs (1 and 2) for mrfv. the complete genome shares 76 % sequence identity with mrfv. the nucleotide sequen ... | 2012 | 22661377 |
| conversion of switchgrass to ethanol using dilute ammonium hydroxide pretreatment: influence of ecotype and harvest maturity. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a perennial c4 grass that is being developed as a bioenergy crop because it has high production yields and suitable agronomic traits. five switchgrass biomass samples from upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes harvested at different stages or maturity were used in this study. switchgrass samples contained 317.0-385.0 g glucans/kg switchgrass dry basis (db) and 579.3-660.2 g total structural carbohydrates/kg switchgrass, db. carbohydrate contents were greate ... | 2013 | 24350437 |
| evaluation of the bioconversion of genetically modified switchgrass using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and a consolidated bioprocessing approach. | | 2012 | 23146305 |
| xylose isomerase improves growth and ethanol production rates from biomass sugars for both saccharomyces pastorianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the demand for biofuel ethanol made from clean, renewable nonfood sources is growing. cellulosic biomass, such as switch grass (panicum virgatum l.), is an alternative feedstock for ethanol production; however, cellulosic feedstock hydrolysates contain high levels of xylose, which needs to be converted to ethanol to meet economic feasibility. in this study, the effects of xylose isomerase on cell growth and ethanol production from biomass sugars representative of switch grass were investigated u ... | 2017 | 22866331 |
| microplate-based evaluation of the sugar yield from giant reed, giant miscanthus and switchgrass after mild chemical pre-treatments and hydrolysis with tailored trichoderma enzymatic blends. | giant reed, miscanthus, and switchgrass are considered prominent lignocellulosic feedstocks to obtain fermentable sugars for biofuel production. the bioconversion into sugars requires a delignifying pre-treatment step followed by hydrolysis with cellulase and other accessory enzymes like xylanase, especially in the case of alkali pre-treatments, which retain the hemicellulose fraction. blends richer in accessory enzymes than commercial mix can be obtained growing fungi on feedstock-based substra ... | 2017 | 28386674 |
| rust fungi on panicum. | rusts are economically important diseases of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and other paniceae grasses. phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the nuc rdna 5.8s internal transcribed spacer 2 region (its2), partial 28s region, and intergenic spacer region (igs) of nuc rdna showed that species of rust fungi infecting switchgrass are closely related within puccinia. variation among rbcla sequences for the associated hosts sampled concurred with the original identifications. five species infect ... | 2017 | 28402789 |
| detection and phylogenetic relationships of puccinia emaculata and uromyces graminicola (pucciniales) on switchgrass in new york state using rdna sequence information. | the species of rust fungi (pucciniales) inciting disease on switchgrass (panicum virgatum) grown in bioenergy feedstock systems across the north-central and eastern united states remain unclear. in the present study, the species number and phylogenetic relationships of rust species affecting switchgrass were examined in 2011-2013 at two sites in new york state as well as selected sites in alabama, iowa, nebraska, pennsylvania, south dakota, and west virginia using ribosomal rna gene data (partia ... | 2016 | 27109375 |
| two-year field analysis of reduced recalcitrance transgenic switchgrass. | switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) is a leading candidate for a dedicated lignocellulosic biofuel feedstock owing to its high biomass production, wide adaptation and low agronomic input requirements. lignin in cell walls of switchgrass, and other lignocellulosic feedstocks, severely limits the accessibility of cell wall carbohydrates to enzymatic breakdown into fermentable sugars and subsequently biofuels. low-lignin transgenic switchgrass plants produced by the down-regulation of caffeic acid o- ... | 2014 | 24751162 |
| insect and plant-derived mirnas in greenbug (schizaphis graminum) and yellow sugarcane aphid (sipha flava) revealed by deep sequencing. | schizaphis graminum (green bug; gb) and sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid; ysa) are two cereal aphid species with broad host ranges capable of establishing on sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and several switchgrass (panicum virgatum) cultivars. switchgrass and sorghum are staple renewable bioenergy crops that are vulnerable to damage by aphids, therefore, identifying novel targets to control aphids has the potential to drastically improve yields and reduce losses in these bioenergy crops. despite th ... | 2017 | 27838454 |
| co-purification, co-imniunoprecipitation, and coordinate expression of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase activity, biotin carboxylase, and biotin carboxyl carrier protein of higher plants. | acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase; ec 6.4.1.2) is a regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, and in some higher-plant plastids is a multi-subunit complex consisting of biotin carboxylase (bc), biotin-carboxyl carrier protein (bccp), and carboxyl transferase (ct). we recently described a nicotiana tabacum l. (tobacco) cdna with a deduced amino acid sequence similar to that of prokaryotic bc. we here provide further biochemical and immunological evidence that this higher-plant polypeptide is an aut ... | 1996 | 28321661 |
| avian use of perennial biomass feedstocks as post-breeding and migratory stopover habitat. | increased production of biomass crops in north america will require new agricultural land, intensify the cultivation of land already under production and introduce new types of biomass crops. assessing the potential biodiversity impacts of novel agricultural systems is fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, yet the consequences of expanded biomass production remain unclear. we evaluate the ability of two candidate second generation biomass feedstocks (switchgr ... | 2011 | 21390274 |
| genotypic diversity effects on biomass production in native perennial bioenergy cropping systems. | the perennial grass species that are being developed as biomass feedstock crops harbor extensive genotypic diversity, but the effects of this diversity on biomass production are not well understood. we investigated the effects of genotypic diversity in switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (andropogon gerardii) on perennial biomass cropping systems in two experiments conducted over 2008-2014 at a 5.4-ha fertile field site in northeastern illinois, usa. we varied levels of switchgrass a ... | 2016 | 27668013 |
| dissolution, sorption, and phytoremediation of imx-101 explosive formulation constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (dnan), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (nto), and nitroguanidine. | the insensitive munition, imx-101 approved for use in the usa, contains 2,4-dinitroanisole (dnan), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (nto), and nitroguanidine (nq) and is designed to be less sensitive to shock and sympathetic detonation. given the estimated future use of imx-101, an understanding of imx-101 constituent attenuation mechanisms on testing and training ranges is needed. studies were conducted to determine (1) the rates of imx-101 fragment dissolution during simulated rainfall, (2) dnan an ... | 2014 | 25212590 |
| reactive oxygen species, aba and nitric oxide interactions on the germination of warm-season c4-grasses. | hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) as a source of reactive oxygen species (ros) significantly stimulated germination of switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) seeds with an optimal concentration of 20 mm at both 25 and 35 degrees c. for non-dormant switchgrass seeds exhibiting different levels of germination, treatment with h(2)o(2) resulted in rapid germination (<3 days) of all germinable seeds as compared to seeds placed on water. exposure to 20 mm h(2)o(2) elicited simultaneous growth of the root and sh ... | 2007 | 17431667 |
| plant demographic responses to mycorrhizal symbiosis in tallgrass prairie. | the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on seedling emergence, flowering and densities of several grasses and forbs were assessed in native tallgrass prairie and in sown garden populations at the konza prairie in northeastern kansas. mycorrhizal activity was experimentally suppressed with the fungicide benomyl. flowering and stem densities of the cool-season grass, dichanthelium oligosanthes, sedges (carex spp.), and the forb aster ericoides were higher in non-mycorrhizal (benomyl-treated) than in ... | 1994 | 28313944 |
| effects of bison grazing on andropogon gerardii and panicum virgatum in burned and unburned tallgrass paririe. | responses to clipping and bison grazing in different environmental contexts were examined in two perennial grass species, andropogon gerardii and panicum virgatum, on the konza prairie in northeastern kansas. grazed tillers had lower relative growth rates (rgr) than clipped tillers following defoliation but this difference was transient and final biomass was not affected by mode of defoliation. grazed tillers of both species had higher rgr throughout the season than ungrazed tillers, resulting i ... | 1992 | 28313524 |
| density- and growth stage-dependent responses to defoliation in two rhizomatous grasses. | responses to defoliation were studied in two tallgrass prairie perennials (andropogon gerardii and panicum virgatum) established from seed at three densities. p. virgatum was also grown from transplanted rhizomes of established clones. plants of both species displayed a continuum of responses to defoliation, from large reductions in biomass, tillering and seed production to significant increases in one or more performance measures. in crowded populations, defoliation shifted plants into subordin ... | 1989 | 28312071 |
| water relations and growth of three grasses during wet and drought years in a tallgrass prairie. | the water relations and growth of three tallgrass prairie species panicum virgatum, andropogon gerardii and a. scoparius were examined in irrigated and unwatered prairie in eastern kansas (usa). measurements of the osmotic potential at full turgor, ψ π(100) , at zero turgor, ψ(0), and growth of vegetative and reproductive tillers were made in a year with above-normal precipitation and a drought year to evaluate: 1) the ability of these grasses to osmotically adjust in response to water stress an ... | 1984 | 28312107 |
| switchgrass (panicum virgatum) intercropping within managed loblolly pine (pinus taeda) does not affect wild bee communities. | intensively-managed pine (pinus spp.) have been shown to support diverse vertebrate communities, but their ability to support invertebrate communities, such as wild bees, has not been well-studied. recently, researchers have examined intercropping switchgrass (panicum virgatum), a native perennial, within intensively managed loblolly pine (p. taeda) plantations as a potential source for cellulosic biofuels. to better understand potential effects of intercropping on bee communities, we investigat ... | 2016 | 27827916 |
| genome-wide characterization of major intrinsic proteins in four grass plants and their non-aqua transport selectivity profiles with comparative perspective. | major intrinsic proteins (mips), commonly known as aquaporins, transport not only water in plants but also other substrates of physiological significance and heavy metals. in most of the higher plants, mips are divided into five subfamilies (pips, tips, nips, sips and xips). herein, we identified 68, 42, 38 and 28 full-length mips, respectively in the genomes of four monocot grass plants, specifically panicum virgatum, setaria italica, sorghum bicolor and brachypodium distachyon. phylogenetic an ... | 2016 | 27327960 |
| an essential role of caffeoyl shikimate esterase in monolignol biosynthesis in medicago truncatula. | biochemical and genetic analyses have previously identified caffeoyl shikimate esterase (cse) as an enzyme in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway in arabidopsis thaliana, although the generality of this finding has been questioned. here we show the presence of cse genes and associated enzyme activity in barrel medic (medicago truncatula, dicot, leguminosae), poplar (populus deltoides, dicot, salicaceae), and switchgrass (panicum virgatum, monocot, poaceae). loss of function of cse in transposon ... | 2016 | 27037613 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the r2r3 myb secondary cell wall regulators of arabidopsis, poplar, rice, maize, and switchgrass. | r2r3 myb proteins constitute one of the largest plant transcription factor clades and regulate diverse plant-specific processes. several r2r3 myb proteins act as regulators of secondary cell wall (scw) biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana (at), a dicotyledenous plant. relatively few studies have examined scw r2r3 myb function in grasses, which may have diverged from dicots in terms of scw regulatory mechanisms, as they have in cell wall composition and patterning. understanding cell wall regulat ... | 2014 | 24885077 |
| metarhizium robertsii produces an extracellular invertase (mrinv) that plays a pivotal role in rhizospheric interactions and root colonization. | as well as killing pest insects, the rhizosphere competent insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii also boosts plant growth by providing nitrogenous nutrients and increasing resistance to plant pathogens. plant roots secrete abundant nutrients but little is known about their utilization by metarhizium spp. and the mechanistic basis of metarhizium-plant associations. we report here that m. robertsii produces an extracellular invertase (mrinv) on plant roots. deletion of mrinv (δmrinv) redu ... | 2013 | 24205119 |
| turnover of fatty acids during natural senescence of arabidopsis, brachypodium, and switchgrass and in arabidopsis beta-oxidation mutants. | during leaf senescence, macromolecule breakdown occurs and nutrients are translocated to support growth of new vegetative tissues, seeds, or other storage organs. in this study, we determined the fatty acid levels and profiles in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), brachypodium distachyon, and switchgrass (panicum virgatum) leaves during natural senescence. in young leaves, fatty acids represent 4% to 5% of dry weight and approximately 10% of the chemical energy content of the leaf tissues. in a ... | 2009 | 19561121 |
| uptake and effects of six rare earth elements (rees) on selected native and crop species growing in contaminated soils. | rare earth elements (rees) have become increasingly important metals used in modern technology. processes including mining, oil refining, discarding of obsolete equipment containing rees, and the use of ree-containing phosphate fertilizers may increase the likelihood of environmental contamination. however, there is a scarcity of information on the toxicity and accumulation of these metals to terrestrial primary producers in contaminated soils. the objective of this work was to assess the phytot ... | 2015 | 26076480 |
| rare earth elements (rees): effects on germination and growth of selected crop and native plant species. | the phytotoxicity of rare earth elements (rees) is still poorly understood. the exposure-response relationships of three native canadian plant species (common milkweed, asclepias syriaca l., showy ticktrefoil, desmodium canadense (l.) dc. and switchgrass, panicum virgatum l.) and two commonly used crop species (radish, raphanus sativus l., and tomato, solanum lycopersicum l.) to the rees lanthanum (la), yttrium (y) and cerium (ce) were tested. in separate experiments, seven to eight doses of eac ... | 2014 | 23978671 |
| seedling biomass partition and water use efficiency of switchgrass and milkvetch in monocultures and mixtures in response to various water availabilities. | seedling biomass and allocation, transpiration water use efficiency (twue), and species competition between switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) and milkvetch (astragalus adsurgens pall.) were investigated in a pot-cultivated experiment under different levels of water availability. the experiment was conducted using a simple replacement design in which switchgrass and milkvetch were grown in growth chamber with ten seedlings per pot, in three combinations of the two species (0:10, 5:5 and 10:0). fi ... | 2010 | 20437177 |
| [comparison of ecophysiological characteristics of seven plant species in semiarid loess hilly-gully region]. | the diurnal course of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and leaf water potential (psi l) of five plant species in north shaanxi loess hilly-gully region were measured in dry seasons. based on the daily maximum photosynthetic and transpiration rates, daily total assimilation and transpiration, and diurnal change characteristics of psi l, the test plants were classified into different eco-adaptation types. panicum virgatum l. had high photosynthetic rate, low transpiration rate and high wat ... | 2007 | 17650846 |
| relative performance of non-local cultivars and local, wild populations of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) in competition experiments. | the possibility of increased invasiveness in cultivated varieties of native perennial species is a question of interest in biofuel risk assessment. competitive success is a key factor in the fitness and invasive potential of perennial plants, and thus the large-scale release of high-yielding biomass cultivars warrants empirical comparisons with local conspecifics in the presence of competitors. we evaluated the performance of non-local cultivars and local wild biotypes of the tallgrass species p ... | 2016 | 27120201 |
| in situ dynamics of phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution of five species. | root activity can modify the chemistry of the rhizosphere and alter phosphorus (p) availability and uptake. however, until recently, relatively little was known about the dynamics of soil solution p at the root surface because of our inability to measure in situ changes in solution p at the plant root. a mini-rhizotron experiment with corn (zea mays l. cv. stine 2250), soybean [glycine max (l.) merr. cv. pioneer 3563), cottonwood (populus deltoids l.), smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.), and s ... | 2013 | 15254121 |
| the effect of five forage species on transport and transformation of atrazine and isoxaflutole (balance) in lysimeter leachate. | a field lysimeter study with bare ground and five different ground covers was established to evaluate the effect of forage grasses on the fate and transport of two herbicides in leachate. the herbicides were atrazine (atr; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and isoxaflutole [ixf; 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluormethyl-benzoyl)isoxazole], which has the commercial name balance (aventis crop science, strasbourg, france). the ground covers included orchardgrass (dacty ... | 2013 | 14674520 |
| [characteristics of soil microelements contents in the rhizospheres of different vegetation in hilly-gully region of loess plateau]. | to explore the rhizosphere effect of the microelements in the soils under different vegetation types in loess plateau, this paper analyzed the organic c, total n, mn, cu, fe, and zn contents in the rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of six vegetation types in hilly-gully region of loess plateau. among the six vegetation types, caragana korshinskii, heteropappus altaicus, and artemisia capillaries had higher organic c and total n contents in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. with the exception of c ... | 2012 | 22720606 |
| forage and tree seedling growth in a soil with an encased swine sludge layer. | the closure of swine farms requires decommissioning of lagoons that contain large amounts of swine solids (sludge). sludge is typically transported and land applied to soils. however, in some cases this process could be economically prohibitive and/or unpractical. an alternative idea is to encase sludge with lagoon soil berms after removing overlying effluent, followed by establishment of forages or short-rotation woody crops on the encased sludge. the objective of this study was to investigate ... | 2013 | 23835521 |
| leaching and ponding of viral contaminants following land application of biosolids on sandy-loam soil. | much of the land available for application of biosolids is cropland near urban areas. biosolids are often applied on hay or grassland during the growing season or on corn ground before planting or after harvest in the fall. in this study, mesophilic anaerobic digested (mad) biosolids were applied at 56,000 l/ha on a sandy-loam soil over large containment lysimeters seeded to perennial covers of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum), or planted annually to maize (ze ... | 2012 | 22885066 |
| herbaceous vegetation productivity, persistence, and metals uptake on a biosolids-amended mine soil. | the selection of plant species is critical for the successful establishment and long-term maintenance of vegetation on reclaimed surface mined soils. a study was conducted to assess the capability of 16 forage grass and legume species in monocultures and mixes to establish and thrive on a reclaimed appalachian surface mine amended with biosolids. the 0.15-ha coarse-textured, rocky, non-acid forming mined site was prepared for planting by grading to a 2% slope and amending sandstone overburden ma ... | 2012 | 16151233 |
| evaluation of tetraploid switchgrass (poales: poaceae) populations for host suitability and differential resistance to four cereal aphids. | switchgrass, panicum virgatum l., is being developed as a bioenergy feedstock. the potential for large-scale production has encouraged its evaluation as a host for important grass pests. eight no-choice studies were performed for two developmental stages of two switchgrass cultivars ('kanlow' and'summer') and two experimental strains, k x s, and s x k produced by reciprocal mating of these cultivars followed by selection for high yield. plants were evaluated for host suitability and damage diffe ... | 2014 | 24665729 |
| the complete chloroplast genome of an irreplaceable dietary and model crop, foxtail millet (setaria italica). | the complete chloroplast genome sequence of foxtail millet (setaria italica), an important food and fodder crop in the family poaceae, is first reported in this study. the genome consists of 1 35 516 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (irs) of 21 804 bp separated by a large single-copy (lsc) region and a small single-copy (ssc) region of 79 896 bp and 12 012 bp, respectively. coding sequences constitute 58.8% of the genome harboring 111 unique genes, 71 of which are protein-coding genes, 4 ... | 2016 | 26486605 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships for 2-[(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]pyridine 1-oxide herbicides. | phenyl-substituted analogues of 2-[(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]pyridine 1-oxide preemergent herbicides were examined in order to determine quantitative relationships between structure and activity against the following three weed species: switch grass (panicum virgatum l.), barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l. beauv.), and green foxtail (setaria viridis l. beauv.). analogues were chosen to provide maximum parameter orthogonality. regression analysis yielded structure-activity relationships wherei ... | 1983 | 6834380 |