| [cytoplasmatic polyhedrosis virus of mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l]. | | 1973 | 4592944 |
| 1,3-diglycerides from eggs of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex pipiens pipiens. | | 1973 | 4763298 |
| [meal sources for culex pipiens pipiens l. mosquitoes in the tashkent region]. | | 1972 | 4260648 |
| ecdysteroid titer and oocyte growth in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens l. | in an anautogenous strain of the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens, the ovaries reached the resting stage (follicle length = 90 microns) three days after adult emergence. follicle length increased from 90 to 550 microns between 0 and 60 hr after a blood meal. total ecdysteroids reached a peak at 400 fmol/insect at 36 hr after a blood meal then declined rapidly. the ratio of 20-hydroxyecdysone to ecdysone increased in conjunction with the total ecdysteroid level. oocyte growth beyond the res ... | 1986 | 2869872 |
| [the biology and ecology of the culex pipiens pipiens l. mosquitoes of odessa and environs]. | | 1970 | 5511252 |
| [trials of altozid sr-10 drug with juvenile activity against mosquitoes, culex pipiens pipiens l]. | | 1976 | 1023035 |
| [a new report of naturally anautogenous and stenogamic populations of culex pipiens pipiens l. in the south of france (author's transl)]. | the presence of an anautogenous and stenogamic population of culex pipiens pipiens in languedoc, france, is reported. the anautogeny was confirmed through 10 generations. a callot morphogram corresponded to the anautogenous form. these results raise again the question of the type of relationships, genetic or ecological, of the characters classically associated with autogeny. | 1977 | 907293 |
| esterase polymorphism and sensitivity to dursban organophosphorus insecticide in culex pipiens pipiens populations. | esterase polymorphism and dursban (o,o-dimethyl-2-pyridylphosphorothioate) sensitivity have been investigated in 12 natural populations and three laboratory strains of culex pipiens pipiens. this mosquito has two esterase loci, est-1 and est-2, which were shown to code esterases of the b group (aliesterases) but not cholinesterases. no correlation between est-1 polymorphism and dursban sensitivity was found, but the increase of the est-2(0.64) allele in the populations less sensitive to dursban ... | 1975 | 54163 |
| effect of the landscape and climate on the distribution of blood-sucking mosquitoes in murmansk province. | according to its orographic characteristics and climate the murmansk region represents a special landscape area of the atlantic-arctic zone with its peculiar zoogeographic characters. this specificity is clearly seen in the distribution of 19 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes over the above territory. abundant and widely encountered are only two species, aedes punctor and ae. communis. 9 species, culiseta alaskaensis, c. bergrothi, aedes pullatus, ae. excrucians, ae. pionips, ae. hexodontus, ae ... | 1977 | 19722 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum: effects of various compounds on immunity of susceptible aedes aegypti and refractory culex pipiens pipiens. | | 1973 | 4773578 |
| effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian development in culex pipiens pipiens. | | 1973 | 4708144 |
| vertebrate host specificity and experimental vectors of plasmodium (novyella) kempi sp. n. from the eastern wild turkey in iowa. | vertebrate host specificity, experimental laboratory vectors, and a description of plasmodium (novyella) kempi sp. n. from eastern wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo silvestris vieillot) in iowa are presented. plasmodium kempi is infective for domestic turkeys, bobwhites (colinus virginianus), chukars (alectoris graeca), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), peacocks (pavo cristatus), and canaries (serinus canaria), produces a transient infection in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and domestic geese (ans ... | 1983 | 6644918 |
| the development of plasmodium gallinaceum brumpt in the hemocoels of refractory culex pipiens pipiens linn. and susceptible aedes aegypti (linn.). | | 1968 | 4919048 |
| viability of culex pipiens pipiens eggs affected by nutrition and aposymbiosis. | | 1985 | 3981032 |
| search for a sensitive stage for aposymbiosis induction in culex pipiens pipiens by antibiotic treatment of immature stages. | | 1985 | 3918120 |
| distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes among mosquito vectors of viral encephalitis. | distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes in larval culex pipiens pipiens, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and their hybrids was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. three zones of enzyme activity were detected in the subspecific and hybrid populations. zone i was cathodic whereas zones ii and iii were anodic. electrophoretic variability was evident only in zone ii which was dimorphic for enzyme activity. zones i and iii were monomorphic. the subspecific and hybrid populations were distinguisha ... | 1985 | 3917888 |
| temperature-induced morphological change in culex pipiens. | the effect of temperature on culex pipiens pipiens, cx. p. quinquefasciatus, and reciprocal hybrids of the two was investigated by monitoring the dv/d ratios of these stocks maintained at 15.6 degrees c and 23.9 degrees c over 10 generations. little variation occurred in mean values of the parental subspecies at either temperature. at 23.9 degrees c, the mean ratios for both hybrid lines rose from an intermediate value to a level well above the accepted minimum for cx. p. quinquefasciatus (0.4), ... | 1985 | 3880228 |
| detection of expressed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in the saliva of culex pipiens mosquitoes. | mosquito salivary glands play an important role in the transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens. the ability to express genes in mosquitoes would be a powerful approach to characterize salivary gland genes, and to reveal important vector determinants of pathogen transmission. here we report the use of a double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) virus, designated te/3'2j/cat, and a packaged sindbis replicon virus, designated rep5/cat/26s, to express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) protein in the ... | 1997 | 9219368 |
| entomologic studies after a st. louis encephalitis epidemic in grand junction, colorado. | in 1986, after a st. louis encephalitis epidemic in grand junction, colorado, in 1985, vector mosquitoes in the city were surveyed to correlate their bionomics and infection rates with the occurrence of human disease. no human cases were reported, but mosquito surveillance disclosed st. louis encephalitis virus in culex tarsalis and culex pipiens pipiens. mosquitoes were collected with gravid traps designed to attract cx. p. pipiens and with centers for disease control light traps. culex p. pipi ... | 1988 | 2899394 |
| changes in fatty acid composition of culex pipiens pipiens during hibernation. | | 1968 | 5655799 |
| investigation of haematophagous arthropods for borreliae--summarized data, 1988-1996. | blood-sucking arthropods, collected in south moravia, czech republic, were examined by darkfield microscopy for borreliae from 1988 to 1996. among host-seeking ixodid ticks (8481 ixodes ricinus (l.), 372 dermacentor reticulatus (fabr.), 167 haemaphysalis concinna koch), borreliae were only observed in adult (23.2%), nymphal (17.2%) and larval (6.3%) i. ricinus. the prevalence of borreliae in i. ricinus did not vary considerably among habitats except for lower values in agroecosystems, xerothermi ... | 1998 | 9516997 |
| [seasonal changes in the gonoactivity of culex pipiens pipiens in northern germany and its response to day length and temperature (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4424232 |
| resistance of culex pipiens pipiens to ddt in northern iran, 1973. | | 1975 | 1242124 |
| [biocoenetic regulation of the growth and development of culex pipiens pipiens (l.) larvae]. | | 1975 | 1204432 |
| accessory glands of female culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say and autogenous culex pipiens pipiens l. (diptera, culicidae): appearance and behavior in relation to oögenesis. | | 1968 | 5699967 |
| the anthropophilism rate in mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l., 1758 (diptera, culicidae) in the area of human settlements on the gdańsk coast. | | 1976 | 1014684 |
| esterases in the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l: formal genetics and polymorphism of adult esterases. | the genetics of two esterase loci active in autogenous adults of the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l. has been studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis. three alleles at the est-1 locus and eight at the est-2 locus are described. both loci have a null allele. active alleles are codominant and there is no hybrid enzyme in heterozygotes. the est-1 locus codes esterases preferentially hydrolyzing alpha-naphthylacetate and the est-2 locus esterases preferentially hydrolyzing beta-naphthylacet ... | 1976 | 971293 |
| [gonotrophic dissociation in culex pipiens pipiens l. (author's transl)]. | under certain conditions gonotrophic dissociation has been observed in culex pipiens pipiens. to contribute to a better understanding of the factors which govern the appearance of this phenomenon and of its ecological importance a population in northern germany has been investigated. follicular development, feeding activity and occurrence of gonotrophic dissociation were examined in females obtained from wild-caught larval stages and kept under outdoor conditions after emergence in july and augu ... | 1976 | 943871 |
| [daily and seasonal changes in the oviposition activities of culex pipiens pipiens l. (author's transl)]. | the oviposition activity of c. p. pipiens during summer and autumn has been investigated at two breeding sites in west and north germany. the egg rafts were collected and counted daily or hourly. soon after its begin oviposition reached a high peak and then decreased sharply and faded out towards sunrise. there was an obvious correlation between the hourly maximum number of egg rafts deposited and nightfall. the peak of oviposition regularly followed the sunset with one hour delay. it shifted wi ... | 1979 | 575447 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus transmission following multiple feeding of culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae) during a single gonotrophic cycle. | | 1979 | 537010 |
| autogenesis vs. esterase polymorphism and chlorpyrifos (dursban) resistance in culex pipiens pipiens l. | | 1978 | 84667 |
| [the effect of synthetic pyrethroids on the mosquito, culex pipiens pipiens]. | | 1983 | 6220822 |
| positive findings of borrelia burgdorferi in culex (culex) pipiens pipiens larvae in the surrounding of brno city determined by the pcr method. | after first finding borrelia in the midgut of imago mosquitoes, we concentrated on the presence of borrelia in mosquito development stages--larvae of the third or fourth instar. in the summer season in the years of 2000-2001 a total of 439 culex (culex) pipiens pipiens larvae were collected from a barrel of rainwater in the obrany holiday area of brno city (east moravia, czech republic). the larvae midgut was observed under dark-field microscopy. ten dfm positive samples (2.28%) were further ana ... | 2002 | 12498597 |
| [swarming of culex pipiens pipiens l]. | | 1984 | 6232447 |
| [desoxyribonucleic acid content of the nuclei of various tissues from the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens]. | | 1958 | 13639509 |
| persistence of rous sarcoma virus in the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens. | | 1964 | 14103239 |
| the effect of temperature and illumination on mating of culex pipiens pipiens l. and c. p. fatigans wied. | | 1960 | 14430478 |
| [breeding of culex pipiens molestus forsk. and culex pipiens pipiens l. mosquitoes in samarkand basements]. | | 1980 | 6445481 |
| insecticide resistance genes in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) from italy: esterase b locus at the dna level. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis at the esterase b locus was performed in samples from four populations of italian culex pipiens pipiens l. to identify correctly, at the molecular level, the resistance gene. the absence of the amplified b2 haplotype was confirmed, indicating that it has not increased in frequency after its detection in continental italy around 1985. the b4 haplotype was detected in all populations at the same frequencies as a previous starch gel survey. t ... | 1994 | 7914542 |
| restriction analysis of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer region of culex restuans and mosquitoes in the culex pipiens complex. | members of the culex pipiens linn. complex in the eastern, southern, and central united states are the primary vectors of st. louis encephalitis virus. although species and subspecies in the complex can be identified as 4th-instar larvae and by characters on the male genitalia, adult females cannot be identified accurately. in this study a ribosomal dna (rdna) segment that includes the internal transcribed spacer region (its) was amplified from culex pipiens pipiens linn., culex quinquefasciatus ... | 1996 | 8887228 |
| an insensitive acetylcholinesterase in culex pipiens (diptera:culicidae) from portugal. | resistance mechanisms of a strain (praias) of northern house mosquito, culex pipiens l., collected in portugal in 1993, and highly resistant to organophosphates and carbamates, were investigated by comparing the resistance characteristics to 3 organophosphorous (temephos, chlorpyrifos, malathion) and 1 carbamate (propoxur) insecticides in the presence or absence of synergists; and by determining the possible occurrence of overproduced esterases or insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache). the ref ... | 1996 | 8913110 |
| californian hybrid zone between culex pipiens pipiens and cx. p. quinquefasciatus revisited (diptera:culicidae). | phallosome morphology (dv/d ratio) and allozyme variation were used to reexamine the transition from culex pipiens pipiens l. to cx. p. quinquefasciatus say, detected in california from the northern central valley to the mexican border of the united states of america. significant deficiency of heterozygotes was observed at the diagnostic locus mdhp-2 in populations from the central part of the hybrid zone. long tails of introgression were detected: populations from both north and south ends of t ... | 1997 | 9103754 |
| resistance to bacillus sphaericus involves different mechanisms in culex pipiens (diptera:culicidae) larvae. | field culex pipiens pipiens (l.) mosquitoes that were collected after a control failure with spherimos in southern france developed high resistance (> 10,000-fold) to bacillus sphaericus crystal toxin after < 8 generations of laboratory selection. we show that this resistance is encoded by a single major recessive gene on linkage group i at 22.1 recombination units from the sex locus, and that it is not associated with any loss of binding affinity between brush border membrane fractions and the ... | 1997 | 9151498 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation between culex pipiens pipiens and cx. p. quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in north america based on genomic differences identified by subtractive hybridization. | culex pipiens is a complex of mosquitoes that are involved in the transmission of pathogens, including st. louis encephalitis virus in north america. the 2 major taxa in the complex, cx. p. pipiens and cx. p. quinquefasciatus, are nearly identical morphologically, making identification of field-collected specimens difficult, and attempts at differentiation based on biochemical and molecular techniques have been unsuccessful. we report here the use of genomic subtractive hybridization to identify ... | 1997 | 9379458 |
| variability among tunisian populations of culex pipiens: genetic structure and susceptibility to a filarial parasite, brugia pahangi. | culex pipiens pipiens is a common mosquito found in north africa and is the primary vector of bancroftian filariasis in egypt. experimental infections with c. p. pipiens have demonstrated that this species supports brugia pahangi development (parasitic yield 6.3%). in addition, the genetic variation among c. p. pipiens populations from ben arrous (in the suburb of tunis) estimated from isoenzyme polymorphism of five neutral genes (pgm, gpi, hk1, got-1, and got-2) was slight (fst = +0.083). c. p. ... | 1998 | 9493214 |
| resistance to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) from tunisia. | resistance to the organophosphates temephos and chlorpyrifos, the carbamate propoxur, the pyrethroid permethrin, and the organochloride ddt was investigated in tunisian populations of culex pipiens pipiens (l.) collected between 1990 and 1996. resistance to temephos was uniformly low, reaching 10-fold in the most resistant population. in contrast, resistance to chlorpyrifos was highly variable, reaching the highest level (> 10,000-fold) recorded worldwide. the chlorpyrifos-resistant populations ... | 1998 | 9615543 |
| evaluating gene flow using selected markers: a case study. | the extent to which an organism is locally adapted in an environmental pocket depends on the selection intensities inside and outside the pocket, on migration, and on the size of the pocket. when two or more loci are involved in this local adaptation, measuring their frequency gradients and their linkage disequilbria allows one to disentangle the forces-migration and selection-acting on the system. we apply this method to the case of a local adaptation to organophosphate insecticides in the mosq ... | 1998 | 9649528 |
| attraction of culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae) to flower volatiles. | methylene chloride extracts of flowers from 4 plants (common milkweed, asclepias syriaca l; ox-eye daisy, leucanthemum vulgare lamarck; canada goldenrod, solidago canadensis l.; and yarrow, achillea millefolium l.) were tested in a dual-port olfactometer for attractiveness to female northern house mosquitoes, culex pipiens pipiens l. fifty milligrams of extract was used for each test, which was equivalent to the amount of extract from flowers of 0.58 common milkweed inflorescences, 1.75 ox-eye d ... | 1999 | 10467780 |
| [an experimental model to analyse the characteristics of a strain of culex pipiens and its sensitivity to insecticides]. | this study, based on phenotype of green larvae colour, has enabled the selection of a genetically distinct line of culex pipiens pipiens. the four loci under study were found to be homozygous to the 42nd generation. these loci were associated with an increased sensitivity to organochlorides in the progeny when compared to the parent strain. this observation, with possible expansion to other species, has potential practical applications in the identification of susceptible insect populations in i ... | 1999 | 10472450 |
| [surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in breclav after the flood of 1997]. | in july 1997, devastating floods occurred after heavy rains in moravia, czech republic. mosquito populations increased abruptly in the flooded area thereafter. we carried out a surveillance for mosquito-borne virus infections in the breclav area, south moravia, including serosurveys of inhabitants. a total of 11,334 female mosquitoes in 117 pools (9,100 aedes vexans, 917 a. cinereus, 11 a. cantans, 1,074 a. sticticus and 232 culex pipiens pipiens) were examined by virological methods. seven viru ... | 1999 | 10528440 |
| entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of west nile fever in romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. | between july and october 1996, a west nile (wn) fever epidemic occurred in the southern plain and danube valley of romania and in the capital city of bucharest, resulting in hundreds of neurologic cases and 17 fatalities. in early october 1996, entomologic and avian investigations of the epidemic were conducted in the city of bucharest and nearby rural areas. thirty (41%) of 73 domestic fowl sampled had neutralizing antibody to wn virus, including 5 of 13 ducks (38%), 1 of 1 goose, 19 of 52 chic ... | 1999 | 10548295 |
| [an evaluation of male reproductive success by body size in swarms of culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae)]. | | 1999 | 10798956 |
| the incrimination of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti as the vector of dirofilaria repens in nigeria. | six local species of culicides were identified as the common mosquitoes in zaria, out of 15 species captured using various adult and larval collection methods. these common culicides are culex pipiens fatigans, anopheles gambiae grp., mansonia africana, culex pipiens pipiens, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes vittatus. they were each fed directly on a local dog naturally infected with dirofilaria repens to evaluate their refractoriness/susceptibility to dirofilarial infection. in a number of d ... | 2000 | 10996744 |
| [gonotrophic cycle in culex mosquitoes. ii. some characteristics of the status of ovaries in hibernating females culex pipiens pipiens l]. | | 1968 | 5732630 |
| [observations on mortality and follicle size of culex pipiens pipiens in the course of hibernation (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4744223 |
| identification of culex species by electrophoresis. | this paper extends the usefulness of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to studies of mosquito taxonomy and mosquito vector ecology. using a newly developed double staining technique, it is possible to unambiguously separate several species of culex mosquitoes found in northern indiana. these include culex restuans, culex pipiens pipiens, and culex territans. preliminary work indicates that culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex salinarius can also be identified by this method. this technique ... | 1977 | 907038 |
| description of a microfilaria from an umbrella cockatoo (cacatua alba) and an unsuccessful attempt to infect mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens). | unidentified microfilariae circulating in the blood of an umbrella cockatoo (cacatua alba) are described. they are ensheathed, measure 102-152 microns long and 2-3 microns in diameter, and have four distinct and consistent gaps in the nuclear column. attempts to infect mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens) with the microfilariae were unsuccessful. | 1992 | 1627121 |
| [on the gonotrophic cycle in mosquitoes of the genus culex. 1. the effect of the amount of the sucked human blood on the development of eggs and fecundity of culex pipiens molestus forskl. and culex pipiens pipiens l]. | | 1966 | 6003915 |
| sensitivity to carbon dioxide in mosquitoes infected with california serogroup arboviruses. | ten species of mosquitoes became sensitive to co2 following intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation of california encephalitis (ce) virus. these included field-collected aedes melanimon, aedes nigromaculis and culiseta incidens and laboratory-colonized strains of aedes dorsalis, aedes triseriatus, anopheles freeborni, culex peus, culex pipiens pipiens, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex tarsalis. another california serogroup virus, jerry slough (= jamestown canyon) (js), also induced co2 sensitiv ... | 1982 | 6122383 |
| [breeding sites of culex pipiens pipiens l. and culex pipiens molestus forsk. mosquitoes on the territory of a large city]. | | 1982 | 6215563 |
| endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis in synanthropic populations of the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens l. (diptera, culicidae). | | 2003 | 12854423 |
| culex pipiens pipiens: characterization of immune peptides and the influence of immune activation on development of wuchereria bancrofti. | stimulating or augmenting the innate immune response of insect vectors has been shown to impede or disrupt the development and transmission of eukaryotic pathogens; however, the majority of such studies have utilized model systems and not natural parasite-vector systems. the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes functions as a primary urban vector of wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. to test the effects of immune activation on this vector-parasite interaction, culex ... | 2003 | 14550895 |
| [seasonal dynamics of oviposition in non-autogenous population of culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in the leningrad province]. | seasonal patterns of oviposition in a synanthropic unautogenous population of culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes from 69 suburban settlements (60 degrees 30' n, 30 degrees e') of the leningrad province were studied during the period 1998-2002 years. the numbers of egg rafts laid in six artificial pools (barrels) were counted every day; altogether 692 rafts were collected. the general patterns of oviposition activity were similar for all studied years, in spite of their differences in the summer te ... | 2003 | 14658306 |
| development of a new sindbis virus transducing system and its characterization in three culicine mosquitoes and two lepidopteran species. | alphavirus transducing systems (atss) are alphavirus-based tools for expressing genes in insects. here we describe an ats (5'dsmre16ic) based entirely on sindbis mre16 virus. gfp expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three culicine and two lepidopteran species. following per os infection, 5'dsmre16ic-egfp efficiently infected aedes aegypti and culex tritaeniorhynchus, but not culex pipiens pipiens. ae. aegypti clearly showed accumulation of green fl ... | 2004 | 14728670 |
| vertical transmission of west nile virus by three california culex (diptera: culicidae) species. | three california culex species previously identified as efficient laboratory vectors of west nile (wn) virus were tested for their capability to vertically transmit wn virus. wild-caught culex pipiens pipiens l., culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say, and two populations of culex tarsalis coquillett females were inoculated intrathoracically with 10(2.7 +/- 0.1) plaque-forming units of wn virus. f1 progeny were reared at 18 degrees c and subsequently tested as adults for infectious virus on vero cel ... | 2003 | 14765647 |
| pyrethroid tolerance in culex pipiens pipiens var molestus from marin county, california. | in may 2001 a sample of culex pipiens pipiens variety molestus forskål from marin county, california, collected as larvae and reared to adults, was found to show reduced resmethrin and permethrin knock-down responses in bottle bioassays relative to a standard susceptible cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus say colony (cq1). larval susceptibility tests, using cq1 as standard susceptible, indicated that the marin mosquitoes had lc50 resistance ratios of 18.3 for permethrin, 12 for deltamethrin and 3.3 fo ... | 2004 | 15119598 |
| insemination rates of hybrids between culex pipiens pipiens and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus or culex pipiens pallens at high temperature. | females of culex pipiens pallens are rarely inseminated at temperatures above 30 degrees c. insemination and egg-hatching rates (f2) were examined in females of hybrids (f1) between culex pipiens pipiens and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus at 25 degrees c and 30 degrees c to examine temperature-dependent reproductive activity. insemination rates were very high in hybrid females (f1) at 25 degrees c and 30 degrees c, and egg-hatching rate (f2) also was high at both temperatures. crosses between cx ... | 2004 | 15264618 |
| [molecular genetic methods for the identification of the urban mosquito culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus (diptera, culicidae)]. | molecular genetic methods for the identification of two ecotypes, or forms (pipiens and molestus) of the culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes, which are known as active bloodsuckers and vectors of various agents of diseases, are proposed. for the dna analysis, two populations of the urban mosquitoes (the molestus ecotype) from st. petersburg and moscow and two populations from the overground reservoirs in the leningrad province and neighboring areas of moscow (the pipiens ecotype) have been studied. ... | 2004 | 15553770 |
| detection of chicken antibodies to mosquito salivary gland antigens by enzyme immunoassay. | sentinel chickens are used to detect western equine encephalomyelitis, st. louis encephalitis, and west nile virus activity. flocks that receive high mosquito exposure will be most effective for surveillance purposes. however, mosquito population indices at the flock sites may only provide an indirect measure of potential exposure. therefore, we developed an indirect enzyme immunoassay to detect chicken antibodies to salivary gland antigens (sgas) from culex tarsalis, the primary arbovirus vecto ... | 2005 | 15825760 |
| detection of west nile viral rna from an overwintering pool of culex pipens pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in new jersey, 2003. | in total, 1,324 culex pipiens pipiens l. female mosquitoes were collected at ft. hancock, monmouth county, new jersey, from january to march 2001-2003. mosquitoes were held in an insectary at 27 degrees c and a photoperiod of 16:8 (l:d) h for 6 to 21 d after which they were tested in 34 pools. west nile viral rna was detected in one pool by a taqman reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay; however, infectious virus could not be isolated using either vero cell plaque assay or c6/36 ... | 2005 | 15962803 |
| the importance of agricultural tire habitats for mosquitoes of public health importance in new york state. | the presence of mosquito species breeding in agricultural "bunker tires" on dairy farms in new york state was evaluated. twelve species of mosquitoes (aedes vexans, anopheles barberi, an. punctipenriis, an. perplexens, culex pipiens pipiens, cx. restuans, cx. salinarius, cx. territans, toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, ochlerotatus atropalpus, oc. japonicus japonicus, and oc. triseriatus) were collected from 8 new york state dairy farms in 2001 and from 17 dairy farms in 2002. all but 2 of ... | 2005 | 16033118 |
| [the distribution of the urban mosquitoes, culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus (diptera: culicidae) in petrozavodsk city]. | the distribution of the urban mosquitoes, culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus in petrozavodsk city was studied for the first time. immature mosquito stages were found in 21 of 68 basements flooded with polluted waters, the occurrence of the mosquitoes varied in different districts of the sity. the mean siphonal index of the mosquito larvae from 6 underground populations varied from 3.8 up to 4.2, i. e. within the range typical for c. p. p. f. molestus. | 2005 | 16316062 |
| [differentiation between the urban mosquito culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus and culex torrentium (diptera: culicidae) by the molecular genetic methods]. | the molecular characters suitable for the differentiation between the autogenous form of culex pipiens pipiens (the urban mosquito) and the species culex torrentium, which was previously identified erroneously as an anautogenous form of c. pipiens pipiens (shaikevich, vinogradova, 2004), are given. these mosquitoes differ in the infection by the endosymbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis, 6 transitions among 247 nucleotide sequences of 3' part of the cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) gene of mi ... | 2005 | 16396396 |
| bird-baited traps for surveillance of west nile mosquito vectors: effect of bird species, trap height, and mosquito escape rates. | host-seeking mosquitoes were sampled in bird-baited traps at four sites in new york state in 2003-2004. trap placement and efficacy of chickens, gallus gallus domesticus l., as bait compared with house sparrows, passer domesticus l., an important reservoir of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv), was evaluated. each site had a chicken-baited trap near ground level (approximately 1.5 m) and in the tree canopy (approximately 9 m), and a house sparrow-baited trap at ground l ... | 2006 | 16506452 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese encephalitis and west nile viruses by molestus form of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) collected in uzbekistan in 2004. | we evaluated the molestus form of culex pipiens pipiens (l.) (hereafter referred to as "molestus") captured near tashkent, uzbekistan, for their ability to transmit japanese encephalitis (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev) and west nile (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) viruses under laboratory conditions. these molestus were highly competent laboratory vectors of wnv, with infection and dissemination rates of 96 and 81%, respectively. approximately 75% of female molestus tha ... | 2006 | 16619614 |
| evolutionary history of a mosquito endosymbiont revealed through mitochondrial hitchhiking. | due to cytoplasmic inheritance, spread of maternally inherited wolbachia symbionts can result in reduction of mitochondrial variation in populations. we examined sequence diversity of the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4) gene in wolbachia-infected (south africa (sa), california and thailand) and uninfected (sa) culex pipiens complex populations. in total, we identified 12 haplotypes (a-l). in infected populations, 99% of individuals had haplotype k. in the uninfected sa populatio ... | 2006 | 16769630 |
| efficacy of resmethrin aerosols applied from the road for suppressing culex vectors of west nile virus. | we determined whether aerosol applications of resmethrin, delivered from the road, suppress the reproductive activity of culex pipiens pipiens and cx. restuans mosquitoes in suburban sites located near boston. oviposition implies a prior blood-feeding event and hence a potential west nile virus (wnv) transmission-related event. droplet size, rate of delivery and meteorological conditions were monitored. the target populations proved to be fully susceptible to the insecticide that was used. the r ... | 2006 | 16796509 |
| apoptosis in mosquito midgut epithelia associated with west nile virus infection. | the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens is a documented vector of west nile virus (wnv, flaviviridae, flavivirus). our laboratory colony of c. p. pipiens, however, was repeatedly refractory to experimental transmission of wnv. our goal was to identify if a cellular process was inhibiting virus infection of the midgut. we examined midguts of mosquitoes fed control and wnv-infected blood meals. three days after feeding, epithelial cells from abdominal midguts of mosquitoes fed on wnv fluoresced under a ... | 2006 | 16820968 |
| [cultivation of the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus (diptera, culicidae) without blood feeding]. | optimal photoperiod and temperature conditions for rearing of the mosquito culex pipiens pipiens f. molestus without blood feeding (through autogenous eggs) were experimentally substantiated. this method may be used in order to obtain relatively small quantities of mosquitoes or for preservation of a laboratory colony. optimal conditions of rearing are the short-day photoperiod (12 h of light per day) at 20 degrees c, when 87 % of the females produce autogenous eggs rafts consisting of 52 eggs o ... | 2006 | 16913300 |
| various levels of cross-resistance to bacillus sphaericus strains in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) colonies resistant to b. sphaericus strain 2362. | we studied the cross-resistance to three highly toxic bacillus sphaericus strains, iab-59 (serotype h6), iab-881 (serotype h3), and iab-872 (serotype h48), of four colonies of the culex pipiens complex resistant to b. sphaericus 2362 and 1593, both of which are serotype h5a5b strains. two field-selected highly resistant colonies originating from india (kochi, 17,000-fold resistance) and france (sphae, 23,000-fold resistance) and a highly resistant laboratory-selected colony from california (geor ... | 2001 | 11679325 |
| epidemic west nile encephalitis in romania: waiting for history to repeat itself. | seroprevalence data suggest that west nile virus activity in southern romania dates to the 1960s or earlier. in the summer of 1996, southeastern romania and especially bucharest experienced an unprecedented epidemic of west nile encephalitis/meningitis, with at least 393 hospitalized cases and 17 deaths. contributing factors included a susceptible avian population and urban/suburban infrastructural conditions that favored the production of large numbers of culex pipiens pipiens. the epidemic end ... | 2001 | 11797808 |
| trypanosoma avium of raptors (falconiformes): phylogeny and identification of vectors. | avian trypanosomes are widespread parasites of birds, the transmission of which remains mostly unclear, with various blood-sucking insects mentioned as possible vectors. a search for vectors of trypanosomes of sparrowhawk (accipiter nisus), buzzard (buteo buteo), lesser-spotted eagle (aquila pomarina) and kestrel (falco tinnunculus) was performed in czech and slovak republics. black flies (eusimulium spp.), hippoboscid flies (ornithomyia avicularia), mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens) and biting ... | 2002 | 12358422 |
| stormwater ponds, constructed wetlands, and other best management practices as potential breeding sites for west nile virus vectors in delaware during 2004. | we performed longitudinal surveys of mosquito larval abundance (mean mosquito larvae per dip) in 87 stormwater ponds and constructed wetland in delaware from june to september 2004. we analyzed selected water quality factors, water depth, types of vegetation, degree of shade, and level of insect predation in relation to mosquito abundance. the 2004 season was atypical, with most ponds remaining wet for the entire summer. in terms of west nile virus (wnv) vectors, wetlands predominantly produce a ... | 2006 | 17019774 |
| upregulation of two actin genes and redistribution of actin during diapause and cold stress in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens. | two actin genes cloned from culex pipiens l. are upregulated during adult diapause. though actins 1 and 2 were expressed throughout diapause, both genes were most highly expressed early in diapause. these changes in gene expression were accompanied by a conspicuous redistribution of polymerized actin that was most pronounced in the midguts of diapausing mosquitoes that were exposed to low temperature. in nondiapausing mosquitoes reared at 25 degrees c and in diapausing mosquitoes reared at 18 de ... | 2006 | 17078965 |
| vector competence of aedes vexans (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus and potential as an enzootic vector. | vector competence of aedes vexans (meigen) and culex pipiens pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) was compared. infection rates of both species were similar 14 d after feeding on chickens, with wnv titers ranging from 10(4.2) to 10(8.7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml. median infectious doses and 95% confidence intervals (ci) were 10(6.0(5.8, 63)) and 10(5.7(5.4, 5.9)) pfu for ae. vexans and cx. p. pipiens, respectively. wnv transmission ... | 2008 | 18533439 |
| diapause-specific gene expression in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens l., identified by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | in this study we probe the molecular events underpinning diapause observed in overwintering females of culex pipiens. using suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) we have identified 40 genes that are either upregulated or downregulated during this seasonal period of dormancy. northern blot hybridizations have confirmed the expression of 32 of our ssh clones, including six genes that are upregulated specifically in early diapause, 17 that are upregulated in late diapause, and two upregulated ... | 2007 | 17098250 |
| naive and conditioned responses of culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus (diptera: culicidae) to flower odors. | flower odors are important signals for chemical communication between plants and flower visitors. here, we studied the naive responses of culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus forskal 1775 (diptera: culicidae) to typical flower odors and assessed the learning capacity of mosquitoes to floral volatiles. the odor compounds used in the bioassay, phenyl acetaldehyde, veratrole, and 2-methoxyphenol, are typically found in the floral odor of silene otites (l.) wibel, a plant that is pollinated by nec ... | 2006 | 17162948 |
| suppression of water loss during adult diapause in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens. | one of the major challenges of overwintering in the mosquito, culex pipiens, is prevention of dehydration. in this study, we compare the water balance requirements of nondiapausing and diapausing adult females of c. pipiens. although their percentage water content is lower, diapausing females contain both higher initial and dry masses than nondiapausing individuals. both nondiapausing and diapausing females tolerate a loss of up to 40% of their water mass before dying, but diapausing female c. p ... | 2007 | 17210959 |
| seasonal variation in susceptibility to west nile virus infection in culex pipiens pipiens (l.) (diptera: culicidae) from san joaquin county, california. | | 2006 | 17249364 |
| genetic differences between culex pipiens f. molestus and culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in new york. | the definition and phylogenetic placement of the autogenous molestus form of culex pipiens has puzzled entomologists for decades. we identified genetic differences between cx. p. pipiens (l.) and cx. pipiens f. molestus forskål in the sh60 fragment described previously. single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, cloning, and sequencing of this fragment demonstrated high polymorphism within and among individual cx. p. pipiens, with common sh60 variants shared among individuals from distant ... | 2007 | 17294920 |
| replication of flock house virus in three genera of medically important insects. | flock house virus (family nodaviridae, genus alphanodavirus, fhv) was originally isolated from grass grubs costelytra zealandica (white) (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in new zealand and belongs to a family of divided genome, plus-sense rna insect viruses. fhv replicates in insects, a nematode, plants, and yeast. we previously reported replication of fhv in four genera of mosquitoes and expression of green fluorescent protein in aedes aegypti (l.) produced by an fhv-based vector. we report here that ... | 2007 | 17294927 |
| disruption of the wolbachia surface protein gene wspb by a transposable element in mosquitoes of the culex pipiens complex (diptera, culicidae). | culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say and culex pipiens pipiens linnaeus are sibling species incriminated as important vectors of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases worldwide. the two forms differ little morphologically and are differentiated mainly based upon ecological, behavioural, physiological and genetic traits. within the north american zone of sympatry, populations of cx. p. quinquefasciatus and cx. p. pipiens undergo extensive introgression and hybrid forms have been reported in ... | 2007 | 17298560 |
| persistence of brugia malayi dna in vector and non-vector mosquitoes: implications for xenomonitoring and transmission monitoring of lymphatic filariasis. | xenomonitoring (detection of filarial larvae or their dna in mosquitoes) is a sensitive marker for assessing the endemicity of filariasis and a useful tool for evaluating elimination programs. to examine the fate of microfilariae (mf) and filarial dna in vector competent and non-competent mosquito strains, we compared the detection of brugia malayi parasites by dissection and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in three different mosquito strains. we conclude that pcr is mu ... | 2007 | 17360875 |
| a real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction for the identification of culex vectors of west nile and saint louis encephalitis viruses in north america. | in north america, west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses have been detected in a wide range of vector species, but the majority of isolations continue to be from pools of mixed mosquitoes in the culex subgenus culex. unfortunately, the morphologic identification of these important disease vectors is often difficult, particularly in regions of sympatry. we developed a sensitive real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction assay that allows reliable identification of culex mosquitoes including ... | 2007 | 17620631 |
| geographic variation in vector competence for west nile virus in the culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) complex in california. | we evaluated the susceptibility to infection and transmission of west nile virus (wnv) in seven populations of culex pipiens pipiens (l.), cx. p. quinquefasciatus say, and from populations containing cx. pipiens/quinquefasciatus hybrids in a north-south transect of california. samples were identified to species or as hybrid forms based on morphology of male terminalia. after 7 and 14 days of extrinsic incubation, few females were infected and none transmitted wnv from samples of cx. p. pipiens f ... | 2007 | 17627438 |
| host choice and west nile virus infection rates in blood-fed mosquitoes, including members of the culex pipiens complex, from memphis and shelby county, tennessee, 2002-2003. | the source of bloodmeals in 2,082 blood-fed mosquitoes collected from february 2002 through december 2003 in memphis and surrounding areas of shelby county, tennessee were determined. members of the genus culex and anopheles quadrimaculatus predominated in the collections. members of the cx. pipiens complex and cx. restuans were found to feed predominately upon avian hosts, though mammalian hosts made up a substantial proportion of the bloodmeals in these species. no significant difference was s ... | 2007 | 17767413 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) affects mosquito blood feeding patterns. | disease-induced lethargy can diminish host capacity to repel or kill biting mosquitoes. we exposed house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) to mosquitoes (culex pipiens pipiens), repeated the experiment after inoculating finches with mycoplasma gallisepticum, and then repeated the experiment with the same birds after curing their infections. we videotaped avian behaviors before and during mosquito exposure, identifying hosts through blood meal dna fingerprinting. results revealed heterogeneity in mo ... | 2007 | 17827365 |
| floral odors of silene otites: their variability and attractiveness to mosquitoes. | inflorescence scent samples from nine populations of dioecious silene otites, a plant pollinated by moths and mosquitoes, were collected by dynamic headspace extraction. sixty-three scent samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. out of 38 found, 35 compounds were identified, most of which were monoterpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, and benzenoids. phenyl acetaldehyde was the most dominant compound in the majority of samples. the variability in scent composition was high, a ... | 2008 | 18057987 |
| progression of plasmodium berghei through anopheles stephensi is density-dependent. | it is well documented that the density of plasmodium in its vertebrate host modulates the physiological response induced; this in turn regulates parasite survival and transmission. it is less clear that parasite density in the mosquito regulates survival and transmission of this important pathogen. numerous studies have described conversion rates of plasmodium from one life stage to the next within the mosquito, yet few have considered that these rates might vary with parasite density. here we e ... | 2007 | 18166078 |
| risk factors associated with human infection during the 2006 west nile virus outbreak in davis, a residential community in northern california. | we collected a total of 15,329 mosquitoes during weekly sampling in davis, ca, from april through mid-october 2006 at 21 trap sites uniformly spaced 1.5 km apart over an area of approximately 26 km(2). of these mosquitoes, 1,355 pools of culex spp. were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, of which 16 pools (1.2%) were positive for west nile virus (wnv). a degree-day model with a developmental threshold of 14.3 degrees c accurately predicted episodic wnv transmiss ... | 2008 | 18187785 |