| effect of glycine betaine on osmoadaptation of propionibacterium acidipropionici cultivated in elevated osmolarities. | the sensitivity of industrial strains acetobacter aceti, gluconobacter frateurii, and propionibacterium acidipropionici to osmotic stress was studied. growth of a. aceti and g. frateurii was totally inhibited at 0.4 m nacl concentration, but p. acidipropionici was able to grow on a medium containing 1.2 m nacl. addition of glycine betaine to the medium had no detectable osmoprotective effect on a. aceti and g. frateurii cultivations in elevated nacl concentrations, but it enabled cells of p. aci ... | 2000 | 11131399 |
| isolation and characterization of thermotolerant gluconobacter strains catalyzing oxidative fermentation at higher temperatures. | thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria belonging to the genus gluconobacter were isolated from various kinds of fruits and flowers from thailand and japan. the screening strategy was built up to exclude acetobacter strains by adding gluconic acid to a culture medium in the presence of 1% d-sorbitol or 1% d-mannitol. eight strains of thermotolerant gluconobacter were isolated and screened for d-fructose and l-sorbose production. they grew at wide range of temperatures from 10 degrees c to 37 degrees ... | 2000 | 11193396 |
| purification and characterization of membrane-bound quinoprotein cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter frateurii chm 9. | a quinoprotein catalyzing oxidation of cyclic alcohols was found in the membrane fraction for the first time, after extensive screening among aerobic bacteria. gluconobacter frateurii chm 9 was finally selected in this study. the enzyme tentatively named membrane-bound cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (mcad) was found to occur specifically in the membrane fraction, and pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) was functional as the primary coenzyme in the enzyme activity. mcad catalyzed only oxidation reaction ... | 2001 | 11826975 |
| l-erythrulose production by oxidative fermentation is catalyzed by pqq-containing membrane-bound dehydrogenase. | thermotolerant gluconobacter frateurii chm 43 was selected for l-erythrulose production from mesoerythritol at higher temperatures. growing cells and the membrane fraction of the strain rapidly oxidized mesoerythritol to l-erythrulose irreversibly with almost 100% of recovery at 37 degrees c. l-erythrulose was also produced efficiently by the resting cells at 37 degrees c with 85% recovery. the enzyme responsible for mesoerythritol oxidation was found to be located in the cytoplasmic membrane of ... | 2002 | 11999403 |
| gluconobacter asaii mason and claus 1989 is a junior subjective synonym of gluconobacter cerinus yamada and akita 1984. | five strains received as gluconobacter cerinus and gluconobacter asaii were examined for dna base composition, dna-dna similarity, 16s rrna gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics, including acid production from ethanol, growth on l-arabitol and meso-ribitol and requirement for nicotinic acid. the five strains showed dna base compositions ranging from 54 to 56 mol% g+c. g. cerinus ifo 3267t and iam 1832 and g. asaii ifo 3276t and ifo 3275 showed high levels of dna-dna similarity (70-100%) ... | 2002 | 12361267 |
| identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from indonesian sources, especially of isolates classified in the genus gluconobacter. | sixty-four strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from indonesian sources such as fruits, flowers, and fermented foods by the enrichment culture at ph 3.5. forty-five strains were routinely identified as acetobacter strains because of their oxidation of acetate and lactate to carbon dioxide and water and their q-9 isoprenolog, corresponding to 70% of all the 64 acetic acid bacteria isolated. eight isolates were identified as gluconacetobacter strains because of their oxidation of acetate ... | 1999 | 12501398 |
| new developments in oxidative fermentation. | oxidative fermentations have been well established for a long time, especially in vinegar and in l-sorbose production. recently, information on the enzyme systems involved in these oxidative fermentations has accumulated and new developments are possible based on these findings. we have recently isolated several thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria, which also seem to be useful for new developments in oxidative fermentation. two different types of membrane-bound enzymes, quinoproteins and flavopr ... | 2003 | 12664142 |
| new quinoproteins in oxidative fermentation. | several quinoproteins have been newly indicated in acetic acid bacteria, all of which can be applied to fermentative or enzymatic production of useful materials by means of oxidative fermentation. (1) d-arabitol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter suboxydans ifo 3257 was purified from the bacterial membrane and found to be a versatile enzyme for oxidation of various substrates to the corresponding oxidation products. it is worthy of notice that the enzyme catalyzes d-gluconate oxidation to 5-keto-d ... | 2003 | 12686101 |
| identification of strains assigned to the genus gluconobacter asai 1935 based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer regions. | thirteen reference strains, including the type strains of the type species of the genus gluconobacter, gluconobacter oxydans (nbrc 14819t), gluconobacter cerinus (nbrc 3267t), and gluconobacter frateurii (ifo 3264t) were examined for their species identification based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions. a phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method represented three clusters corresponding respectively to the ... | 2004 | 15057706 |
| d-hexosaminate production by oxidative fermentation. | microbial production of d-hexosaminate was examined by means of oxidative fermentation with acetic acid bacteria. in most strains of acetic acid bacteria, membrane-bound d-glucosamine dehydrogenase (synonymous with an alternative d-glucose dehydrogenase distinct from quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenase) oxidized d-hexosamines to the corresponding d-hexosaminates in a stoichiometric manner. conversion of d-hexosamines to the corresponding d-hexosaminates was observed with growing cells of acetic ... | 2004 | 15290129 |
| gluconobacter thailandicus sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria. | four strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from flowers collected in thailand. in phylogenetic trees based on 16s rrna gene sequences and 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) region sequences, the four isolates were located in the lineage of the genus gluconobacter and constituted a separate cluster from the known gluconobacter species, gluconobacter oxydans, gluconobacter cerinus, and gluconobacter frateurii. in addition, the isolates were distinguished from the known species ... | 2004 | 15486825 |
| molecular properties of membrane-bound fad-containing d-sorbitol dehydrogenase from thermotolerant gluconobacter frateurii isolated from thailand. | there are two types of membrane-bound d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (sldh) reported: pqq-sldh, having pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq), and fad-sldh, containing fad and heme c as the prosthetic groups. fad-sldh was purified and characterized from the pqq-sldh mutant strain of a thermotolerant gluconobacter frateurii, having molecular mass of 61.5 kda, 52 kda, and 22 kda. the enzyme properties were quite similar to those of the enzyme from mesophilic g. oxydans ifo 3254. this enzyme was shown to be indu ... | 2005 | 15973043 |
| production of l-erythrose via l-erythrulose from erythritol using microbial and enzymatic reactions. | a rare aldotetrose, l-erythrose, was produced from erythritol via a two-step reaction. in the first step, complete oxidation of erythritol to l-erythrulose was achieved by using gluconobacter frateurii ifo 3254. washed cell suspension of the strain grown on tryptic soy broth (tsb) supplemented with 1% d-sorbitol was used to carry out the transformation reaction at 30 degrees c with shaking at 170 rpm. at 10% substrate concentration, 98% erythritol was converted to l-erythrulose within 48 h. the ... | 2001 | 16233090 |
| heterogeneity of strains assigned to gluconobacter frateurii mason and claus 1989 based on restriction analysis of 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer regions. | twenty-three strains, which were assigned to gluconobacter frateurii and maintained at culture collection nbrc, were re-identified at the species level on the basis of restriction analysis of 16s-23s rdna its regions by digestion with six restriction endonucleases: bsp1286i, mboii, avaii, taqi, bsobi, and bstni. the strains examined were divided into six groups, group iii-1, group iii-2, group iii-3, group iii-4, group iii-5, and group iv. group iii-1 and group iii-4 respectively were divided in ... | 2006 | 16556986 |
| l-sorbose reductase and its transcriptional regulator involved in l-sorbose utilization of gluconobacter frateurii. | upstream of the gene for flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad)-dependent d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (sldh), sldslc, a putative transcriptional regulator was found in gluconobacter frateurii thd32 (nbrc 101656). in this study, the whole sbor gene and the adjacent gene, sboa, were cloned and analyzed. sbor mutation did not affect fad-sldh activity in the membrane fractions. the sboa enzyme expressed and purified from an escherichia coli transformant showed nadph-dependent l-sorbose reductase (nadph-sr) ... | 2007 | 17468249 |
| distinct physiological roles of two membrane-bound dehydrogenases responsible for d-sorbitol oxidation in gluconobacter frateurii. | two different membrane-bound enzymes oxidizing d-sorbitol are found in gluconobacter frateurii thd32: pyroloquinoline quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (pqq-gldh) and fad-dependent d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (fad-sldh). in this study, fad-sldh appeared to be induced by l-sorbose. a mutant defective in both enzymes grew as well as the wild-type strain did, indicating that both enzymes are dispensable for growth on d-sorbitol. the strain defective in pqq-gldh exhibited delayed l-sorbose produ ... | 2008 | 18323643 |
| gluconobacter japonicus sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the alphaproteobacteria. | five strains, nbrc 3271(t), nbrc 3272, nbrc 3263, nbrc 3260 and nbrc 3269 were examined genetically, phylogenetically, phenotypically and chemotaxonomically. the dna g+c contents of the five strains were 55.1-56.4 mol%. the five strains had low levels of dna-dna hybridization of 13-51 % to the type strains of gluconobacter frateurii, gluconobacter thailandicus, gluconobacter oxydans, gluconobacter cerinus, gluconobacter albidus and gluconobacter kondonii and formed a cluster that was separate fr ... | 2009 | 19244423 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of l-sorbose reductase from gluconobacter frateurii complexed with l-sorbose or nadph. | nadph-dependent l-sorbose reductase (sr) from gluconobacter frateurii was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized with l-sorbose or nadph using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 k. crystals of the sr-l-sorbose complex and the sr-nadph complex were obtained using reservoir solutions containing peg 2000 or peg 400 as precipitants and diffracted x-rays to 2.38 and 1.90 a resolution, respectively. the crystal of the sr-l-sorbose complex belonged to space group c222(1), ... | 2009 | 19478431 |
| biotechnological production of d-glyceric acid and its application. | glycerol is currently produced in large amounts as a by-product during fat splitting and biodiesel fuel production. over the past decade, both chemical and biotechnological processes to convert glycerol to value-added chemicals have been increasingly explored. this mini-review provides recent information about the biotechnological production of a glycerol derivative, d-glyceric acid (d-ga), and its possible applications. little is known about ga as a bioproduct, but it is naturally found in diff ... | 2009 | 19621222 |
| microbial production of glyceric acid, an organic acid that can be mass produced from glycerol. | glyceric acid (ga), an unfamiliar biotechnological product, is currently produced as a small by-product of dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol by gluconobacter oxydans. we developed a method for the efficient biotechnological production of ga as a target compound for new surplus glycerol applications in the biodiesel and oleochemical industries. we investigated the ability of 162 acetic acid bacterial strains to produce ga from glycerol and found that the patterns of productivity and enant ... | 2009 | 19837846 |
| use of a gluconobacter frateurii mutant to prevent dihydroxyacetone accumulation during glyceric acid production from glycerol. | to prevent dihydroxyacetone (dha) by-production during glyceric acid (ga) production from glycerol using gluconobacter frateurii, we used a g. frateurii thd32 mutant, δslda, in which the glycerol dehydrogenase subunit-encoding gene (slda) was disrupted, but δslda grew much more slowly than the wild type, growth starting after a lag of 3 d under the same culture conditions. the addition of 1% w/v d-sorbitol to the medium improved both the growth and the ga productivity of the mutant, and δslda pr ... | 2010 | 21071844 |
| the crystal structure of l-sorbose reductase from gluconobacter frateurii complexed with nadph and l-sorbose. | l-sorbose reductase from gluconobacter frateurii (sr) is an nadph-dependent oxidoreductase. sr preferentially catalyzes the reversible reaction between d-sorbitol and l-sorbose with high substrate specificity. to elucidate the structural basis of the catalytic mechanism and the substrate specificity of sr, we have determined the structures of apo-sr, sr in complex with nadph, and the inactive mutant (his116leu) of sr in complex with nadph and l-sorbose at 2.83 å, 1.90 å, and 1.80 å resolutions, ... | 2011 | 21277857 |
| structural analysis of fructans produced by acetic acid bacteria reveals a relation to hydrocolloid function. | some strains of acetic acid bacteria (gluconobacter frateurii tmw 2.767, gluconobacter cerinus dsm 9533t, neoasaia chiangmaiensis nbrc 101099, kozakia baliensis dsm 14400) produce high amounts of fructans, which can be exploited in food applications as previously demonstrated empirically for dough systems. in order to get insight into the structure and functionality of these polymers, we investigated the fructans isolated from these strains with respect to their linkage types and molecular weigh ... | 2012 | 23399151 |
| draft genome sequence of gluconobacter frateurii nbrc 103465, a glyceric acid-producing strain. | gluconobacter frateurii strain nbrc 103465 can efficiently produce glyceric acid (ga) from raw glycerol feedstock derived from biodiesel fuel production processes. here, we report the 3.4-mb draft genome sequence of g. frateurii nbrc 103465. the draft genome sequence can be applied to examine the enzymes and electron transport system involved in ga production. | 2013 | 23887908 |
| change in product selectivity during the production of glyceric acid from glycerol by gluconobacter strains in the presence of methanol. | to enhance the value-added use of methanol-containing raw glycerol derived from biodiesel fuel production, the effect of methanol supplementation on glyceric acid (ga) production by gluconobacter spp. was investigated. we first conducted fed-batch fermentation with gluconobacter frateurii nbrc103465 using raw glycerol as a feeding solution. ga productivity decreased with increasing dihydroxyacetone (dha) formation when the raw glycerol contained methanol. the results of this experiment and compa ... | 2013 | 23547945 |
| short communication: evaluation of the microbiota of kefir samples using metagenetic analysis targeting the 16s and 26s ribosomal dna fragments. | milk kefir is produced by fermenting milk in the presence of kefir grains. this beverage has several benefits for human health. the aim of this experiment was to analyze 5 kefir grains (and their products) using a targeted metagenetic approach. of the 5 kefir grains analyzed, 1 was purchased in a supermarket, 2 were provided by the ministry of agriculture (namur, belgium), and 2 were provided by individuals. the metagenetic approach targeted the v1-v3 fragment of the 16s ribosomal (r)dna for the ... | 2015 | 25828663 |
| the effect of lactic acid bacteria on cocoa bean fermentation. | cocoa beans (theobroma cacao l.) are the raw material for chocolate production. fermentation of cocoa pulp by microorganisms is crucial for developing chocolate flavor precursors. yeasts conduct an alcoholic fermentation within the bean pulp that is essential for the production of good quality beans, giving typical chocolate characters. however, the roles of bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in contributing to the quality of cocoa bean and chocolate are not fully und ... | 2015 | 25889523 |
| identification and characterization of thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from coconut water vinegar in sri lanka. | from the pellicle formed on top of brewing coconut water vinegar in sri lanka, three acetobacter strains (sl13e-2, sl13e-3, and sl13e-4) that grow at 42 °c and four gluconobacter strains (sl13-5, sl13-6, sl13-7, and sl13-8) grow at 37 °c were identified as acetobacter pasteurianus and gluconobacter frateurii, respectively. acetic acid production by the isolated acetobacter strains was examined. all three strains gave 4% acetic acid from 6% initial ethanol at 37 °c, and 2.5% acetic acid from 4% i ... | 2014 | 25036846 |
| yeasts are essential for cocoa bean fermentation. | cocoa beans (theobroma cacao) are the major raw material for chocolate production and fermentation of the beans is essential for the development of chocolate flavor precursors. in this study, a novel approach was used to determine the role of yeasts in cocoa fermentation and their contribution to chocolate quality. cocoa bean fermentations were conducted with the addition of 200ppm natamycin to inhibit the growth of yeasts, and the resultant microbial ecology and metabolism, bean chemistry and c ... | 2014 | 24462702 |
| expression and characterization of a class iii alcohol dehydrogenase gene from gluconobacter frateurii in the presence of methanol during glyceric acid production from glycerol. | some acetic acid bacteria have been shown to produce large amounts of glyceric acid (ga) from glycerol, which is a by-product of biodiesel fuel (bdf) production. previously, a gluconobacter strain was found that produced decreased amounts of ga from glycerol in the presence of methanol, a major ingredient of raw glycerol derived from the bdf industry. thus, a comparative transcriptome analysis of gluconobacter frateurii nbrc103465 was performed to investigate changes in gene expression during ga ... | 2013 | 24088521 |
| characterization of genes involved in d-sorbitol oxidation in thermotolerant gluconobacter frateurii. | further upstream of sldslc, genes for fad-dependent d-sorbitol dehydrogenase in gluconobacter frateurii, three additional genes (sldr, xdha, and pera) are found: for a transcriptional regulator, nad(p)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase, and a transporter protein, a member of major facilitator superfamily, respectively. xdha and pera but not sldr were found to be in the same transcriptional unit. disruption of sldr resulted in a dramatic decrease in sldslc promoter activity, indicating that it is a ... | 2012 | 22878210 |
| effects of oxygen transfer coefficient on dihydroxyacetone production from crude glycerol. | the principal objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of dihydroxyacetone production by gluconobacter frateurii cgmcc 5397 under different oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kla) conditions in submerged bioreactors using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol as the carbon source. kla is a key fermentation parameter for the production of dihydroxyacetone. cultivations were conducted in baffled- and unbaffled-flask cultures (the kla values were 24.32h(-1) and 52.05h(-1), respecti ... | 2016 | 26887235 |
| lactobionic and cellobionic acid production profiles of the resting cells of acetic acid bacteria. | lactobionic acid was produced by acetic acid bacteria to oxidize lactose. gluconobacter spp. and gluconacetobacter spp. showed higher lactose-oxidizing activities than acetobacter spp. gluconobacter frateurii nbrc3285 produced the highest amount of lactobionic acid per cell, among the strains tested. this bacterium assimilated neither lactose nor lactobionic acid. at high lactose concentration (30%), resting cells of the bacterium showed sufficient oxidizing activity for efficient production of ... | 2015 | 25965080 |
| chemical mutagenesis of gluconobacter frateurii to construct methanol-resistant mutants showing glyceric acid production from methanol-containing glycerol. | to produce glyceric acid (ga) from methanol-containing glycerol, resistance to methanol of gluconobacter frateurii nbrc103465 was improved by chemical mutagenesis using n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. the obtained mutant gf398 produced 6.3 g/l ga in 5% (v/v) methanol-containing 17% (w/v) glycerol medium, in which the wild-type strain neither grew nor produced ga. | 2014 | 23916855 |
| efficient production of dihydroxyacetone from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by newly isolated gluconobacter frateurii. | the efficient production of dihydroxyacetone (dha) on biodiesel-derived glycerol based media was developed. a newly isolated strain, gluconobacter frateurii cgmcc 5397, could convert crude glycerol to dha with high yield and productivity. in shake-flask fermentation, the dha concentration of 73.1 gl(-1) was attained at 48 h using an optimum medium containing biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. when fed-batch fermentation was carried out in a 7-l stirred bioreactor with crude glycerol, the dha conc ... | 2013 | 23748086 |
| high-temperature sorbose fermentation with thermotolerant gluconobacter frateurii chm43 and its mutant strain adapted to higher temperature. | we succeeded in obtaining a strain adapted to higher temperature from a thermotolerant strain, gluconobacter frateurii chm43, for sorbose fermentation. the adapted strain showed higher growth and l-sorbose production than original chm43 strain at higher temperature around 38.5-40 °c. it was also shown to be useful even with the fermentation without temperature control. to understand the sorbose fermentation ability of the adapted strain at higher temperature, d-sorbitol-oxidizing respiratory cha ... | 2012 | 22434571 |