| activation of prunus necrotic ringspot virus and rose mosaic virus by rna 4 components of some ilarviruses. | | 1977 | 898665 |
| [about the influence of frost periods upon the serological detection of prunus ring spot viruses in cherries (author's transl)]. | during three years serological tests (latex test) were run from novemeber till april to detect prunus ring spot viruses in forced buds of prunus avium l., p. avium l. var. avium, and p. cerasus l. it was found that prunus necrotic ring spot virus (nrv) could be detected reliably during the winter in all infected trees. in contrary the detection of prune dwarf virus (pdv) was affected by temperatures below zero. in 1971 a low percentage of positive reacting trees was pointed out after the frost p ... | 1977 | 910571 |
| activity of prunus necrotic ring spot virus in pollen of sour cherry. | | 1967 | 5590022 |
| virulence and molecular polymorphism of prunus necrotic ringspot virus isolates. | prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) occurs as numerous strains or isolates that vary widely in their pathogenic, biophysical and serological properties. prior attempts to distinguish pathotypes based upon physical properties have not been successful; our approach was to examine the molecular properties that may distinguish these isolates. the nucleic acid sequence was determined from 1.65 kbp rt-pcr products derived from rna 3 of seven distinct isolates of pnrsv that differ serologically and ... | 1998 | 9680147 |
| the rna 5 of prunus necrotic ringspot virus is a biologically inactive copy of the 3'-utr of the genomic rna 3. | in addition to the four rnas known to be encapsidated by prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) and apple mosaic virus (apmv), an additional small rna (rna 5) was present in purified preparations of several isolates of both viruses. rna 5 was always produced following infection of a susceptible host by an artificial mixture of rnas 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicating that it was a product of viral replication. rna 5 does not activate the infectivity of mixtures that contain the three genomic rnas (rna 1 + ... | 2001 | 11402868 |
| sodium sulphite inhibition of potato and cherry polyphenolics in nucleic acid extraction for virus detection by rt-pcr. | phenolic compounds from plant tissues inhibit reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). multiple-step protocols using several additives to inhibit polyphenolic compounds during nucleic acid extraction are common, but time consuming and laborious. the current research highlights that the inclusion of 0.65 to 0.70% of sodium sulphite in the extraction buffer minimizes the pigmentation of nucleic acid extracts and improves the rt-pcr detection of potato virus y (pvy) and potato leaf ... | 2002 | 11684310 |
| characteristics of antigens and antibodies associated with the prunus necrotic ringspot virus immune system. | | 1965 | 14277068 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| the coat protein of prunus necrotic ringspot virus specifically binds to and regulates the conformation of its genomic rna. | binding of coat protein (cp) to the 3' nontranslated region (3'-ntr) of viral rnas is a crucial requirement to establish the infection of alfamo- and ilarviruses. in vitro binding properties of the prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) cp to the 3'-ntr of its genomic rna using purified e. coli- expressed cp and different synthetic peptides corresponding to a 26-residue sequence near the n-terminus were investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. pnrsv cp bound to, at least, three ... | 2003 | 12951034 |
| elimination of ppv and pnrsv through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture in nectarine. | the plum pox virus (ppv) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) cause serious disease problems in stone-fruit trees. in this work, the possibility of obtaining plant material free from these viruses through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture from infected nectarine shoots (prunus persica var. nectarina max, cv. 'arm king') was studied. in addition, the detection of these viruses in in vitro cultures and young acclimatized plantlets with double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 2003 | 12898177 |
| use of dried high-phenolic laden host leaves for virus and viroid preservation and detection by pcr methods. | the efficiency of rna extraction for apricot latent virus (aplv), plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (pbnspav), prunus necrotic ring spot virus (pnrsv), potato virus y (pvy), and apple scar skin viroid (assvd) from infected hosts is of great importance for molecular diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a method is described for drying tissue to overcome phenolic inhibitors of viral rna. this study showed that the infected host leaves, dried at 65 degrees c for 2 days a ... | 2006 | 16879877 |
| phylogeny of isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus from the ilarvirus ringtest and identification of group-specific features. | isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were examined to establish the level of naturally occurring sequence variation in the coat protein (cp) gene and to identify group-specific genome features that may prove valuable for the generation of diagnostic reagents. phylogenetic analysis of a 452 bp sequence of 68 virus isolates, 20 obtained from the european union ilarvirus ringtest held in october 1998, confirmed the clustering of the isolates into three distinct groups. although no cor ... | 2003 | 12756624 |
| the molecular variability analysis of the rna 3 of fifteen isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus sheds light on the minimal requirements for the synthesis of its subgenomic rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the rna 3 of fifteen isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) varying in the symptomatology they cause in six different prunus spp. were determined. analysis of the molecular variability has allowed, in addition to study the phylogenetic relationships among them, to evaluate the minimal requirements for the synthesis of the subgenomic rna in ilarvirus genus and their comparison to other members of the bromoviridae family. computer assisted comparisons led re ... | 2002 | 12206311 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of a peach isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of the pe-5 peach isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) was obtained from cloned cdna. the rna sequence is 1941 nucleotides and contains two open reading frames (orfs). orf 1 consisted of 284 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 31,729 da and orf 2 contained 224 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 25,018 da. orf 2 corresponds to the coat protein gene. expression of orf 2 engineered into a ptrchis vector in esche ... | 1995 | 11831718 |
| preparation of recombinant coat protein of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the coat protein (cp) gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) was cloned into pet 16b vector and expressed in escherichia coli. cp-enriched fractions were prepared from whole cell lysate by differential centrifugation. the fraction sedimenting at 20,000 x g for 30 mins was used for preparation of a rabbit antiserum to cp. this antiserum had a titer of 1:2048 and reacted in a double-antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa). | 2001 | 11394580 |
| immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with nested pcr greatly increases the detection of prunus necrotic ring spot virus in the peach. | a detection system based on nested pcr after ic-rt-pcr (ic-rt-pcr-nested pcr) was developed to improve indexing of prunus necrotic ringspot virus in peach trees. inhibitory effects and inconsistencies of the standard ic-rt-pcr were overcome by this approach. ic-rt-pcr-nested pcr improved detection by three orders of magnitude compared with das-elisa for the detection of pnrsv in leaves. several different tissues were evaluated and equally consistent results were observed. the main advantages of ... | 2001 | 11377716 |
| recognition of cis-acting sequences in rna 3 of prunus necrotic ringspot virus by the replicase of alfalfa mosaic virus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) belong to the genera alfamovirus: and ilarvirus:, respectively, of the family bromoviridae: initiation of infection by amv and pnrsv requires binding of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) to the 3' termini of the inoculum rnas and the cps of the two viruses are interchangeable in this early step of the replication cycle. cis:-acting sequences in pnrsv rna 3 that are recognized by the amv replicase were studied in in vitro re ... | 2001 | 11257202 |
| variability and molecular typing of the woody-tree infecting prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus. | the 3'-part of the movement protein gene, the intergenic region and the complete coat protein gene of sixteen isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) from five different host species from the czech republic were sequenced in order to search for the bases of extensive variability of viroses caused by this pathogen. according to phylogenetic analyses all the 46 isolates sequenced to date split into three main groups, which correlated to a certain extend with their geographic origin. mod ... | 2000 | 10893149 |
| differentiation of closely related but biologically distinct cherry isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus by polymerase chain reaction. | prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) exists as a number of biologically distinct variants which differ in host specificity, serology, and pathology. previous nucleotide sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of cloned reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) products of several biologically distinct sweet cherry isolates revealed correlations between symptom type and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 3a (putative movement protein) and 3b (coat protein) op ... | 1999 | 10471030 |
| in vitro evidence for rna binding properties of the coat protein of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus and their comparison to related and unrelated viruses. | the rna binding properties of the prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) coat protein (cp) were demonstrated by northwestern and dot-blot analyses. the capability to bind pnrsv rna 4 was compared with viruses representing three different interactions prevailing in the assembly and architecture of virions. the results showed that cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) and pnrsv cps, which stabilise their virions mainly through rna-protein interactions bound pnrsv rna 4 even at very high salt concentrations. ... | 1999 | 10365170 |
| tests for transmission of prunus necrotic ringspot and two nepoviruses by criconemella xenoplax. | in two of three trials, detectable color reactions in elisa for prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were observed for criconemella xenoplax handpicked from the root zone of infected peach trees. criconemella xenoplax (500/pot) handpicked from root zones of peach trees infected with pnrsv failed to transmit the virus to cucumber or peach seedlings. the nematode also failed to transmit tomato ringspot (tomrsv) or tobacco ringspot viruses between cucumbers, although xiphinema americanum transmit ... | 1990 | 19287748 |
| testing of plum germplasm for sensitivity to plum pox. | a long-term orchard experiment with a broad assortment of plum cultivars aimed to screen their sensitivity to plum pox virus (ppv) was established in 1991. for this purpose, 207 cultivars to be artificially infected with ppv at a permanent site were chosen. the serotype m of ppv from a tree of cv. domestic prune, which had not been contaminated by other viruses, was used as a source of the infection. three buds infected with ppv were budded on 1-year-old trees. in the course of experiment the fo ... | 1998 | 10073233 |
| differentiation among isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus by transcript conformation polymorphism. | a method based on differences in electrophoretic mobility of rna transcripts made from polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products was used for differentiation among virus isolates. a t7 rna polymerase promoter was attached to amplified prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) sequences by pcr. the pcr products then served as a template for transcription. single-stranded transcripts originated from different pnrsv isolates varied in electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels, presumably because ... | 1998 | 9763134 |
| replication of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3 with movement and coat protein genes replaced by corresponding genes of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) are tripartite positive-strand rna plant viruses that encode functionally similar translation products. although the two viruses are phylogenetically closely related, they infect a very different range of natural hosts. the coat protein (cp) gene, the movement protein (mp) gene or both genes in amv rna 3 were replaced by the corresponding genes of pnrsv. the chimeric viruses were tested for heterologous encapsidation, replicat ... | 1997 | 9400967 |
| sequence analysis of rna 2 and rna 3 of lilac leaf chlorosis virus: a putative new member of the genus ilarvirus. | rna 2 and rna 3 of lilac leaf chlorosis virus (llcv) were sequenced and shown to be 2,762 nucleotides (nt) and 2,117 nts in length, respectively. rna 2 encodes a putative 807-amino-acid (aa) rna-dependent rna polymerase associated protein with an estimated m (r) of 92.75 kda. rna 3 is bicistronic, with orf1 encoding a putative movement protein (277 aa, m (r) 31.45 kda) and orf2 encoding the putative coat protein (221 aa, m (r) 24.37 kda). the genome organization is similar to that typical for me ... | 2010 | 20432048 |
| the use of short and long pcr products for improved detection of prunus necrotic ringspot virus in woody plants. | the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used for detection of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) in dormant peach and almond trees by the application of two different pairs of primers yielding a short and a long product, respectively. the relative amount of the short (200 base pair, bp) product was higher than the longer (785 bp) product. pnrsv was detected better in plant tissues with a low virus concentration (e.g. dormant trees) by amplification of the short pcr p ... | 1997 | 9300378 |
| a remarkable synergistic effect at the transcriptomic level in peach fruits doubly infected by prunus necrotic ringspot virus and peach latent mosaic viroid. | microarray profiling is a powerful technique to investigate expression changes of large amounts of genes in response to specific environmental conditions. the majority of the studies investigating gene expression changes in virus-infected plants are limited to interactions between a virus and a model host plant, which usually is arabidopsis thaliana or nicotiana benthamiana. in the present work, we performed microarray profiling to explore changes in the expression profile of field-grown prunus ... | 2013 | 23710752 |
| the molecular biology of ilarviruses. | ilarviruses were among the first 16 groups of plant viruses approved by ictv. like alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bromoviruses, and cucumoviruses they are isometric viruses and possess a single-stranded, tripartite rna genome. however, unlike these other three groups, ilarviruses were recognized as being recalcitrant subjects for research (their ready lability is reflected in the sigla used to create the group name) and were renowned as unpromising subjects for the production of antisera. however, ... | 2013 | 23809923 |
| evolutionary relationships in the ilarviruses: nucleotide sequence of prunus necrotic ringspot virus rna 3. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) rna 3 has been determined. elucidation of the amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by the two large open reading frames (orfs) allowed us to carry out comparative and phylogenetic studies on the movement (mp) and coat (cp) proteins in the ilarvirus group. amino acid sequence comparison of the mp revealed a highly conserved basic sequence motif with an amphipathic alpha-helical structure preceding the ... | 1997 | 9170502 |
| prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus: nucleotide sequence of rna3 and the relationship to other ilarviruses based on coat protein comparison. | the rna3 of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) has been cloned and its entire sequence determined. the rna3 consists of 1943 nucleotides (nt) and possesses two large open reading frames (orfs) separated by an intergenic region of 74 nt. the 5' proximal orf is 855 nt in length and codes for a protein of molecular mass 31.4 kda which has homologies with the putative movement protein of other members of the bromoviridae. the 3' proximal orf of 675 nt is the cistron for the coat protein (cp) ... | 1995 | 7730792 |
| prunus necrotic ringspot virus as a multicomponent system. | | 1975 | 1189299 |
| in vitro and in vivo mapping of the prunus necrotic ringspot virus coat protein c-terminal dimerization domain by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. | interactions between viral proteins are critical for virus viability. bimolecular fluorescent complementation (bifc) technique determines protein interactions in real-time under almost normal physiological conditions. the coat protein (cp) of prunus necrotic ringspot virus is required for multiple functions in its replication cycle. in this study, the region involved in cp dimerization has been mapped by bifc in both bacteria and plant tissue. full-length and c-terminal deleted forms of the cp g ... | 2006 | 16690941 |
| accumulation of gentisic acid as associated with systemic infections but not with the hypersensitive response in plant-pathogen interactions. | in the present work we have studied the accumulation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a metabolic derivative of salicylic acid, sa) in the plant-pathogen systems, cucumis sativus and gynura aurantiaca, infected with either prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) or the exocortis viroid (cevd), respectively. both pathogens produced systemic infections and accumulated large amounts of the intermediary signal molecule gentisic acid as ascertained by electrospray ionization mass spectrome ... | 2006 | 16331468 |
| induction of gentisic acid 5-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside in tomato and cucumber plants infected by different pathogens. | tomato plants infected with the citrus exocortis viroid exhibited strongly elevated levels of a compound identified as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, ga) 5-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside. the compound accumulated early in leaves expressing mild symptoms from both citrus exocortis viroid-infected tomato, and prunus necrotic ringspot virus-infected cucumber plants, and progressively accumulated concomitant with symptom development. the work presented here demonstrates that ga, mainly associate ... | 2006 | 16321412 |
| mutational analysis of the rna-binding domain of the prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) movement protein reveals its requirement for cell-to-cell movement. | the movement protein (mp) of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is required for cell-to-cell movement. mp subcellular localization studies using a gfp fusion protein revealed highly punctate structures between neighboring cells, believed to represent plasmodesmata. deletion of the rna-binding domain (rbd) of pnrsv mp abolishes the cell-to-cell movement. a mutational analysis on this rbd was performed in order to identify in vivo the features that govern viral transport. loss of positive char ... | 2005 | 15963545 |
| simultaneous detection of six stone fruit viruses by non-isotopic molecular hybridization using a unique riboprobe or 'polyprobe'. | a new strategy for the simultaneous detection of plant viruses by molecular hybridization has been developed. two, four or six viral sequences were fused in tandem and transcribed to render unique riboprobes and designated as 'polyprobes'. the 'polyprobe four' (poly 4) covered the four ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees including apple mosaic virus (apmv), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and american plum line pattern virus (aplpv) whereas the 'polyprobe two ... | 2004 | 15664050 |
| rna-binding properties and mapping of the rna-binding domain from the movement protein of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the movement protein (mp) of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is involved in intercellular virus transport. in this study, putative rna-binding properties of the pnrsv mp were studied. the pnrsv mp was produced in escherichia coli using an expression vector. electrophoretic mobility shift assays (emsas) using dig-labelled riboprobes demonstrated that pnrsv mp bound ssrna cooperatively without sequence specificity. two different ribonucleoprotein complexes were found to be formed depending ... | 2004 | 14993662 |
| comparison of elisa and rt-pcr for the detection of prunus necrotic ring spot virus and prune dwarf virus in almond (prunus dulcis). | a technique based on the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been developed to detect the presence of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) and prune dwarf virus (pdv) simultaneously in almond. this paper presents the results of a 3-year study comparing both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and rt-pcr for the detection of pnrsv and pdv using 175 almond leaf samples. multiplex rt-pcr was found to be more sensitive than elisa, especially when followed by nested p ... | 2003 | 14599680 |
| adaptive covariation between the coat and movement proteins of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the relative functional and/or structural importance of different amino acid sites in a protein can be assessed by evaluating the selective constraints to which they have been subjected during the course of evolution. here we explore such constraints at the linear and three-dimensional levels for the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp) encoded by rna 3 of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv). by a maximum-parsimony approach, the nucleotide sequences from 46 isolates of pnrsv varyin ... | 2006 | 16731922 |
| comparative expression profiling of nicotiana benthamiana leaves systemically infected with three fruit tree viruses. | plant viruses cause a wide array of disease symptoms and cytopathic effects. although some of these changes are virus specific, many appear to be common even among diverse viruses. currently, little is known about the underlying molecular determinants. to identify gene expression changes that are concomitant with virus symptoms, we performed comparative expression profiling experiments on nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with one of three different fruit tree viruses that produce distinct s ... | 2007 | 17722703 |
| oxidative stress induction by prunus necrotic ringspot virus infection in apricot seeds. | prunus necrotic ringspot rvirus (pnrsv) was able to invade the immature apricot seed including the embryo. the amount of virus was very high inside the embryo compared with that present in the cotyledons. pnrsv infection produced an oxidative stress in apricot seeds as indicated by the increase in lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. this lipid peroxidation increase was parallelled with an imbalance in the seed antioxidant enzymes. a significant decrease in th ... | 2007 | 18251901 |
| molecular adaptation within the coat protein-encoding gene of tunisian almond isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the sequence alignments of five tunisian isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were searched for evidence of recombination and diversifying selection. since failing to account for recombination can elevate the false positive error rate in positive selection inference, a genetic algorithm (gard) was used first and led to the detection of potential recombination events in the coat protein-encoding gene of that virus. the recco algorithm confirmed these results by identifying, addition ... | 2013 | 23640404 |
| genetic diversity of the movement and coat protein genes of south american isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is distributed worldwide, but no molecular data have been previously reported from south american isolates. the nucleotide sequences corresponding to the movement (mp) and coat (cp) proteins of 23 isolates of pnrsv from chile, brazil, and uruguay, and from different prunus species, have been obtained. phylogenetic analysis performed with full-length mp and cp sequences from all the pnrsv isolates confirmed the clustering of the isolates into the previously ... | 2008 | 18365129 |
| simultaneous detection of the three ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees by nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. | abstract the three most economically damaging ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees on a worldwide scale are the related prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and apple mosaic virus (apmv). nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methodologies were developed that could detect all these viruses simultaneously. the latter technique was advantageous because it was discriminatory. for rt-pcr, a degenerate ... | 2000 | 18943373 |
| prunus necrotic ringspot virus early invasion and its effects on apricot pollen grain performance. | abstract the route of infection and the pattern of distribution of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) in apricot pollen were studied. pnrsv was detected both within and on the surface of infected pollen grains. the virus invaded pollen during its early developmental stages, being detected in pollen mother cells. it was distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm of uni- and bicellular pollen grains and infected the generative cell. in mature pollen grains, characterized by their triangular sh ... | 2007 | 18943628 |
| survey of prunus necrotic ringspot virus in rose and its variability in rose and prunus spp. | abstract a survey for viruses in rose propagated in europe resulted in detection of only prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) among seven viruses screened. four percent of cut-flower roses from different sources were infected with pnrsv. progression of the disease under greenhouse conditions was very slow, which should make this virus easy to eradicate through sanitary selection. comparison of the partial coat protein gene sequences for three representative rose isolates indicated that they do ... | 2001 | 18944282 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing of shoots grown in vitro and the use of immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction improve the detection of prunus necrotic ringspot virus in rose. | we developed and evaluated two different methods to improve the detection of the most prevalent virus of rose in europe, prunus necrotic ring-spot virus (pnrsv). immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was estimated to be about 100 times more sensitive than double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) and showed an equivalent specificity. based on the observation that pnrsv multiplies actively in young growing tissues (axillary shoots and cuttings) ... | 2000 | 18944559 |
| molecular variability among isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus from different prunus spp. | abstract viral sequences amplified by polymerase chain reaction from 25 isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), varying in the symptomatology they cause in six different prunus spp., were analyzed for restriction fragment polymorphisms. most of the isolates could be discriminated by using a combination of three different restriction enzymes. the nucleotide sequences of the rna 4 of 15 of these isolates were determined. sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of the rna 4 and c ... | 1999 | 18944653 |
| vertical transmission of prunus necrotic ringspot virus: hitch-hiking from gametes to seedling. | the aim of this work was to follow prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) infection in apricot reproductive tissues and transmission of the virus to the next generation. for this, an analysis of viral distribution in apricot reproductive organs was carried out at different developmental stages. pnrsv was detected in reproductive tissues during gametogenesis. the virus was always present in the nucellus and, in some cases, in the embryo sac. studies within infected seeds at the embryo globular st ... | 2009 | 19282434 |
| plant virus cell-to-cell movement is not dependent on the transmembrane disposition of its movement protein. | the cell-to-cell transport of plant viruses depends on one or more virus-encoded movement proteins (mps). some mps are integral membrane proteins that interact with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, but a detailed understanding of the interaction between mps and biological membranes has been lacking. the cell-to-cell movement of the prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is facilitated by a single mp of the 30k superfamily. here, using a myriad of biochemical and biophysical approaches, ... | 2009 | 19321624 |
| high-sensitivity detection of fruit tree viruses using bacterial magnetic particles. | prunus necrotic ring spot virus (pnrsv) and grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) were detected by fluoroimmunoassay using bacterial magnetic particles (bmps), and a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). for the fluoroimmunoassay, fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled anti-pnrsv antibody or anti-gflv antibody was conjugated onto bmps of magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense msr-1. with this method, a very low minimum antigen concentration (1 x 10(6) dilution of the original sa ... | 2009 | 19341408 |
| implication of the c terminus of the prunus necrotic ringspot virus movement protein in cell-to-cell transport and in its interaction with the coat protein. | the movement protein (mp) of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is required for viral transport. previous analysis with mps of other members of the family bromoviridae has shown that the c-terminal part of these mps plays a critical role in the interaction with the cognate coat protein (cp) and in cell-to-cell transport. bimolecular fluorescence complementation and overlay analysis confirm an interaction between the c-terminal 38 aa of pnrsv mp and its cognate cp. mutational analysis of the ... | 2010 | 20219894 |
| a plant virus movement protein regulates the gcn2p kinase in budding yeast. | virus life cycle heavily depends on their ability to command the host machinery in order to translate their genomes. animal viruses have been shown to interfere with host translation machinery by expressing viral proteins that either maintain or inhibit eif2α function by phosphorylation. however, this interference mechanism has not been described for any plant virus yet. prunnus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is a serious pathogen of cultivated stone fruit trees. the movement protein (mp) of pn ... | 2011 | 22087310 |
| ilarviruses of prunus spp.: a continued concern for fruit trees. | prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. among these viruses, members of the genus ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, muc ... | 2012 | 23148725 |
| systemic transport of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30k family. | we previously showed that the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), brome mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have analysed the capacity of the heterologous mps to systemically transport the corresponding chimeric amv genome. all mps were competent in systemic transport but required the fusion at their ... | 2013 | 23136366 |
| deep sequencing reveals a novel closterovirus associated with wild rose leaf rosette disease. | a bizarre virus-like symptom of a leaf rosette formed by dense small leaves on branches of wild roses (rosa multiflora thunb.), designated as 'wild rose leaf rosette disease' (wrlrd), was observed in china. to investigate the presumed causal virus, a wild rose sample affected by wrlrd was subjected to deep sequencing of small interfering rnas (sirnas) for a complete survey of the infecting viruses and viroids. the assembly of sirnas led to the reconstruction of the complete genomes of three know ... | 2015 | 25187347 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of four cherry viruses by two step multiplex rt-pcr with an internal control of plant nad5 mrna. | a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) was developed and standardized for the simultaneous detection of four cherry viruses: cherry virus a (cva, genus; capillovirus), cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (cnrmv, unassigned species of the betaflexiviridae), little cherry virus 1 (lchv-1, genus; closterovirus) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv, genus; ilarvirus) with nad5 as plant internal control. a reliable and quick method for total plant rna extraction fro ... | 2013 | 23707922 |
| comparative analysis among the small rna populations of source, sink and conductive tissues in two different plant-virus pathosystems. | in plants, rna silencing plays a fundamental role as defence mechanism against viruses. during last years deep-sequencing technology has allowed to analyze the srna profile of a large variety of virus-infected tissues. nevertheless, the majority of these studies have been restricted to a unique tissue and no comparative analysis between phloem and source/sink tissues has been conducted. in the present work, we compared the srna populations of source, sink and conductive (phloem) tissues in two d ... | 2015 | 25765188 |
| an efficient viral vector for functional genomic studies of prunus fruit trees and its induced resistance to plum pox virus via silencing of a host factor gene. | rna silencing is a powerful technology for molecular characterization of gene functions in plants. a commonly used approach to the induction of rna silencing is through genetic transformation. a potent alternative is to use a modified viral vector for virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) to degrade rna molecules sharing similar nucleotide sequence. unfortunately, genomic studies in many allogamous woody perennials such as peach are severely hindered because they have a long juvenile period and ar ... | 2017 | 27565765 |
| engineering cherry rootstocks with resistance to prunus necrotic ring spot virus through rnai-mediated silencing. | prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) is a major pollen-disseminated ilarvirus that adversely affects many prunus species. in this study, an rna interference (rnai) vector part27-pnrsv containing an inverted repeat (ir) region of pnrsv was transformed into two hybrid (triploid) cherry rootstocks, 'gisela 6' (gi 148-1) and 'gisela 7'(gi 148-8)', which are tolerant and sensitive, respectively, to pnrsv infection. one year after inoculation with pnrsv plus prune dwarf virus, nontransgenic 'gisela ... | 2013 | 23521804 |
| high-throughput sequencing as an effective approach in profiling small rnas derived from a hairpin rna expression vector in woody plants. | hairpin rna (hprna)-mediated gene silencing has proved to be an efficient approach to develop virus-resistant transgenic plants. to characterize small rna molecules (srnas) derived from an hprna expression vector in transgenic cherry rootstock plants, we conducted small rna sequencing of (1) a transgenic rootstock containing an inverted repeat of the partial coat protein of prunus necrotic ring spot virus (pnrsv-hprna); (2) a nontransgenic rootstock; and (3) a pnrsv-infected sweet cherry plant. ... | 2014 | 25438784 |
| rootstock-to-scion transfer of transgene-derived small interfering rnas and their effect on virus resistance in nontransgenic sweet cherry. | small interfering rnas (sirnas) are silencing signals in plants. virus-resistant transgenic rootstocks developed through sirna-mediated gene silencing may enhance virus resistance of nontransgenic scions via sirnas transported from the transgenic rootstocks. however, convincing evidence of rootstock-to-scion movement of sirnas of exogenous genes in woody plants is still lacking. to determine whether exogenous sirnas can be transferred, nontransgenic sweet cherry (scions) was grafted on transgeni ... | 2014 | 25132092 |
| rapid detection of prunus necrotic ringspot virus using magnetic nanoparticle-assisted reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) has seriously reduced the yield of prunus species worldwide. in this study, a highly efficient and specific two-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect pnrsv. total rna was extracted from sweet cherry leaf samples using a commercial kit based on a magnetic nanoparticle technique. transcripts were used as the templates for the assay. the results of this assay can be detected using agarose gel electr ... | 2014 | 25110116 |
| molecular characterization and intermolecular interaction of coat protein of prunus necrotic ringspot virus: implications for virus assembly. | coat protein (cp) and rna3 from prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv-rose), the most prevalent virus infecting rose in india, were characterized and regions in the coat protein important for self-interaction, during dimer formation were identified. the sequence analysis of cp and partial rna 3 revealed that the rose isolate of pnrsv in india belongs to pv-32 group of pnrsv isolates. apart from the already established group specific features of pv-32 group member's additional group-specific and ... | 2013 | 24426281 |
| genomic segments rna1 and rna2 of prunus necrotic ringspot virus codetermine viral pathogenicity to adapt to alternating natural prunus hosts. | prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) affects prunus fruit production worldwide. to date, numerous pnrsv isolates with diverse pathological properties have been documented. to study the pathogenicity of pnrsv, which directly or indirectly determines the economic losses of infected fruit trees, we have recently sequenced the complete genome of peach isolate pch12 and cherry isolate chr3, belonging to the pathogenically aggressive pv32 group and mild pv96 group, respectively. here, we constructed ... | 2013 | 23360459 |
| molecular characterization of two prunus necrotic ringspot virus isolates from canada. | we determined the entire rna1, 2 and 3 sequences of two prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) isolates, chr3 from cherry and pch12 from peach, obtained from an orchard in the niagara fruit belt, canada. the rna1, 2 and 3 of the two isolates share nucleotide sequence identities of 98.6%, 98.4% and 94.5%, respectively. their rna1- and 2-encoded amino acid sequences are about 98% identical to the corresponding sequences of a cherry isolate, ch57, the only other pnrsv isolate with complete rna1 and ... | 2012 | 22327390 |
| generic amplicon deep sequencing to determine ilarvirus species diversity in australian prunus. | the distribution of ilarvirus species populations amongst 61 australian prunus trees was determined by next generation sequencing (ngs) of amplicons generated using a genus-based generic rt-pcr targeting a conserved region of the ilarvirus rna2 component that encodes the rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. presence of ilarvirus sequences in each positive sample was further validated by sanger sequencing of cloned amplicons of regions of each of rna1, rna2 and/or rna3 that were generated by ... | 2017 | 28713347 |
| analysis of intra-host genetic diversity of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) using amplicon next generation sequencing. | pcr amplicon next generation sequencing (ngs) analysis offers a broadly applicable and targeted approach to detect populations of both high- or low-frequency virus variants in one or more plant samples. in this study, amplicon ngs was used to explore the diversity of the tripartite genome virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) from 53 pnrsv-infected trees using amplicons from conserved gene regions of each of pnrsv rna1, rna2 and rna3. sequencing of the amplicons from 53 pnrsv-infected tr ... | 2017 | 28632759 |
| characterization of apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus identified in a crab apple tree. | apple stem grooving virus (asgv), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv), and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were identified in a crab apple tree by small rna deep sequencing. the complete genome sequence of aclsv isolate bj (aclsv-bj) was 7554 nucleotides and shared 67.0%-83.0% nucleotide sequence identity with other aclsv isolates. a phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome sequence of all available aclsv isolates showed that aclsv-bj clustered with the isolates sy01 from hawtho ... | 2017 | 27990565 |
| a one-step multiplex rt-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of four viruses that infect peach. | a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay was developed to enable the simultaneous detection and differentiation of four viruses that infect peach, namely apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv), cherry green ring mottle virus (cgrmv), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) and apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus (apclsv). in this study, four pairs of primers, one specific for each virus, were designed; the corresponding pcr products were 632, 439, 346 and ... | 2013 | 23777367 |