| occurrence of infectious fish diseases in fish farms in northern finland. | a total of 47 fish located in 10 lake and river systems in northern finland were examined for furunculosis, enteric redmouth diseases (erm), viral fish diseases and the parasite gyrodactylus salaris. furunculosis was found in 2 fish farms in different watercourses, erm in 8 fish farms in 3 watercourses and viral diseases were not found at all. g. salaris was looked for only in salmon and rainbow trout and was found in both species in 3 farms belonging to 2 watercourses. | 1992 | 1502999 |
| the chemotherapy of monogeneans which parasitize fish: a review. | monogeneans which parasitize fish are still treated by bathing the fish in solutions of simple chemicals or staining dyes. in the early 1960s an insecticide, trichlorphon, replaced to a large extent the formerly used simple chemicals. its success was greater specificity against monogeneans and other ectoparasites, and to its great tolerance by the fish. the fact that the number of important monogenean species (i.e. pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, p. bini, gyrodactylus salaris) which cannot be trea ... | 1991 | 1937280 |
| temperature-dependent reproduction and survival of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (platyhelminthes: monogenea) on atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | the relationship of survival and reproduction of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg on the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) to water temperature (2.5-19.0 degrees c), was studied on the basis of temporal sequence of births and age at death of individual parasites on isolated salmon, and of infrapopulation growth on isolated and grouped salmon. mean life-span of the parasite was negatively correlated with water temperature: 33.7 days at 2.5 degrees c and 4.5 days at 19.0 degrees c. the average number of ... | 1991 | 2038497 |
| parasite infections in danish trout farms. | samples from 5 danish freshwater trout farms rearing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for parasite infections from october 1993 until november 1994 and recorded parasites are listed. in addition, results from an examination of a mariculture net cage system are presented as well. a total of 10 metazoan and 10 protozoan parasites were recorded. the metazoans included gyrodactylus derjavini, gyrodactylus salaris, eubothrium crassum, triaenophorus nodulosus, proteocephalus sp., dipl ... | 1995 | 7502946 |
| a study of the composition of the sclerites of gyrodactylus nordmann, 1832 (monogenea) using x-ray elemental analysis. | the elemental compositions of the hamuli, marginal hooks and ventral bars were examined following their release from the opisthaptor of the monogenean parasites gyrodactylus salaris, g. caledoniensis and g. colemanensis. their compositions were determined using x-ray elemental analysis on an analytical scanning electron microscope, and the variation between each species investigated. hamuli and marginal hooks exhibited a major peak for sulphur, whilst the ventral bar had high peaks of both sulph ... | 1995 | 7558565 |
| discrimination between gyrodactylus salaris, g. derjavini and g. truttae (platyhelminthes: monogenea) using restriction fragment length polymorphisms and an oligonucleotide probe within the small subunit ribosomal rna gene. | the small subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) gene was amplified from gyrodactylus salaris using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloned, and the complete gene sequence of 1966 bp determined. the v4 region of the srrna gene was identified and amplified from single specimens of g. salaris, g. derjavini and g. truttae. comparison of the v4 sequences from these three species revealed sequence differences from which restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were predicted and an oligonucleotid ... | 1995 | 7609994 |
| phylogenetic analysis of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 based on the small subunit (18s) ribosomal rna gene. | | 1995 | 7630378 |
| the population age structure and reproductive biology of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg (monogenea). | gyrodactylus salaris has recently become a major pathogen of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in norway. the survivorship, population age structure and pattern of insemination of g. salaris were studied to determine the extent to which this species reproduces sexually. the age-specific mortality schedule of g. salaris could be described by an exponential model but day to day variations were large, with an increase in mortality after each birth. modelling population growth using the best fit mortali ... | 1994 | 8159462 |
| finnish salmon resistant to gyrodactylus salaris: a long-term study at fish farms. | the occurrence of gyrodactylus salaris on baltic salmon (salmo salar), sea trout (s. trutta m. trutta) and brown trout (s. trutta m. lacustris) was examined from 1984 to 1993 at 4 fish farms (a, b, c and d) that produce smolts for stocking in northern finland. no g. salaris was found on the sea or brown trout, but it did occur on salmon for 6-7 years at farms b, c and d, the prevalences of infection being 9.5%, 17.7% and 8.8% for salmon yearlings and smolts during that time, respectively, but le ... | 1996 | 8894763 |
| population dynamics of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) infecting atlantic salmon, salmo salar, parr in the river batnfjordselva, norway. | population dynamics of gyrodactylus salaris on 5 year classes of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in the river batnfjordselva in norway was studied from april 1991 to june 1994. prevalence was 100% on all year classes throughout the study period, except for a marked decline in winter and spring of 1992. median abundance generally increased during summer and peaked in september/october at levels between 400 and 1,300 parasites. the lowest number of parasites was observed during winter and spring. th ... | 1997 | 9057692 |
| species variation within the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of gyrodactylus (monogenea:gyrodactylidae) ribosomal rna genes. | the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) region from individual gyrodactylus specimens was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the reaction amplified the entire its1-5.8s-its2 region of the ribosomal rna gene cluster using primers that hybridize to the 3' terminus of the small subunit and the 5' terminus of the large subunit ribosomal rna genes. the pcr products from gyrodactylus salaris and gyrodactylus thymalli were cloned and sequenced. the gyrodactylus 5.8s gene was identifi ... | 1997 | 9105299 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of three norwegian gyrodactylus salaris populations (monogenea:gyrodactylidae). | gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) parr in 3 norwegian rivers have been compared genetically by the use of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. two primers revealed polymorphism between different populations of g. salaris. this variation has probably arisen since the introduction of g. salaris to norway in the 1970s and complements results showing morphological variation between g. salaris from different geographical areas. | 1997 | 9105317 |
| the effect of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) on the epidermis of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, parr in the river batnfjordselva, norway. | skin morphology of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, parr infected with gyrodactylus salaris was examined for 3 yr in the river batnfjordselva in norway and compared to that of uninfected salmon parr from a neighboring river. the epidermis of the infected population had more cell layers and was thicker than the epidermis of parr from the uninfected population. the number of mucous cells did not differ, and no seasonal changes in morphology of the epidermis were detected in either rivers. intensity o ... | 1997 | 9406797 |
| the application of chaetotaxy in the discrimination of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (gyrodactylidae: monogenea) from species of the genus parasitising british salmonids. | the chaetotaxy of argentophilic structures on three species of the monogenean genus gyrodactylus was investigated in an attempt to distinguish species of this genus. maps were prepared for gyrodactylus salaris from scandinavia and compared with two native species of gyrodactylus parasitising salmonids in britain, namely gyrodactylus derjavini and gyrodactylus truttae. the maps were subsequently refined and analysed for zones of homology and differentiation. the results demonstrate that g. salari ... | 1998 | 9650061 |
| killing of gyrodactylus salaris (platyhelminthes, monogenea) mediated by host complement. | gyrodactylus salaris, an important pathogen of atlantic salmon salmo salar, has been shown to be highly sensitive to factors in host serum and mucus, being killed rapidly (50% within 1 h) by serum at a dilution of 1:200. the time needed for killing was inversely proportional to serum concentration. similar effects were noted using host mucus, which contained approximately 1/20th of the anti-gyrodactylus activity of serum. serum activity was abolished completely by heating at 45 degrees c for 30 ... | 1998 | 9778636 |
| towards an automated system for the identification of notifiable pathogens: using as an example. | simple and rapid identification of pathogen species is crucial to the control of many diseases. here, james kay, andrew shinn and christina sommerville demonstrate that statistical classifiers discriminate a notifiable pathogen gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, a lethal ectoparasite of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., from its benign close relatives. | 1999 | 10322355 |
| aqueous aluminium eliminates gyrodactylus salaris (platyhelminthes, monogenea) infections in atlantic salmon. | this study focuses on the effect of acidic water and aqueous aluminium on the monogenean ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris, infecting atlantic salmon (salmo salar) parr. g. salaris-infected salmon were exposed to various combinations of acidity and aluminium concentrations. the most pronounced effect was the elimination of parasites after 4 days when 202 micrograms al/l was added to the water. the effect of aluminium was concentration dependent, but was relatively independent of ph (5.2, 5.6 and ... | 1999 | 10446701 |
| parasites in cultured and feral fish. | parasites, causing little apparent damage in feral fish populations, may become causative agents of diseases of great importance in farmed fish, leading to pathological changes, decrease of fitness or reduction of the market value of fish. despite considerable progress in fish parasitology in the last decades, major gaps still exist in the knowledge of taxonomy, biology, epizootiology and control of fish parasites, including such 'evergreens' as the ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a causat ... | 1999 | 10456421 |
| a monte carlo simulation model for assessing the risk of introduction of gyrodactylus salaris to the tana river, norway. | the tana river in northern norway, the most productive salmon river in europe, is free of gyrodactylus salaris. currently there is one salmon farm in operation on the tana fjord. because of the strong association between stocking of rivers with salmon and infestations with g. salaris there is national and international concern that the existing farm might lead to the introduction of the parasite to the tana river. in response to these concerns a quantitative analysis of the risk of introduction ... | 1999 | 10494504 |
| the susceptibility of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) x brown trout (salmo trutta l.) hybrids to gyrodactylus salaris malmberg and gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov. | salmo salar and salmo trutta co-exist in coastal river systems in europe and produce hybrids with little loss of viability or growth. this report describes the susceptibility of pure full-sibs of s. salar and s. trutta and their reciprocal half-sib hybrids to their respective gyrodactylids, gyrodactylus salaris and gyrodactylus derjavini. the pure-bred salmon and trout, and half-sib hybrids, were produced using eggs and sperm from wild anadromous s. salar (river alta stock, north norway) and wil ... | 1999 | 10599079 |
| increased susceptibility of salmonids to the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris following administration of hydrocortisone acetate. | gyrodactylus salaris infects numerous salmonid species, ranging from the fully susceptible (norwegian strains of salmo salar), through species which, though initially susceptible, eventually eliminate their infections (salvelinus alpinus and s. fontinalis) to entirely resistant (salmo trutta) species. here we describe experiments in which salvelinus alpinus, s. fontinalis and salmo trutta, implanted with hydrocortisone acetate to simulate stress-induced immunosuppression, were challenged with g. ... | 2000 | 10726266 |
| discrimination of the notifiable pathogen gyrodactylus salaris from g. thymalli (monogenea) using statistical classifiers applied to morphometric data. | the identification and discrimination of 2 closely related and morphologically similar species of gyrodactylus, g. salaris and g. thymalli, were assessed using the statistical classification methodologies linear discriminant analysis (lda) and k-nearest neighbours (knn). these statistical methods were applied to morphometric measurements made on the gyrodactylid attachment hooks. the mean estimated classification percentages of correctly identifying each species were 98.1% (lda) and 97.9% (knn) ... | 2000 | 11085251 |
| characterization of the gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (platyhelminthes: monogenea) ribosomal intergenic spacer (igs) dna. | the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal rna gene array from the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris was isolated using pcr amplification. pcr products were cloned and sequenced. three different fragments of 0.63, 1.0 and 2.62 kb, were consistently obtained. these showed homology at the 5' and 3' termini but differed in their overall size and intervening sequence. the 5' end showed homology to various 28s ribosomal rna gene sequences, suggesting that this represented the 3' terminus of the g. salaris ... | 2000 | 11128807 |
| population growth of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) on norwegian and baltic atlantic salmon (salmo salar) stocks. | reproductive success of gvrodactylus salaris from river lierelva was compared experimentally on 3 stocks of salmon (12.5 degrees c +/- 0.2). isolated fish from 2 susceptible norwegian stocks (rivers lier and alta) and 1 resistant baltic stock of salmon (river neva) were infected with a single gravid worm in order to record the temporal sequence of births and age at death of individual parasites. establishment success (proportion of worms surviving to give birth) was generally low and mortality h ... | 2000 | 11155933 |
| molecular markers for gyrodactylids (gyrodactylidae: monogenea) from five fish families (teleostei). | thirty-one gyrodactylid species from five families of freshwater fish were examined and variable region v4 of the 18s small subunit ribosomal rna gene and ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacers its1 and its2 were sequenced. both the v4 region and spacers its1 and its2 proved useful for gyrodactylid diagnosis. sequences of these fragments exhibited interspecific variations and allowed clear determination at the species level. in some cases, the length of the its1 pcr fragment provided useful ... | 2001 | 11336756 |
| the susceptibility of grayling (thymallus thymallus) to experimental infections with the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris. | the pathogenic monogenean gyrodactylus salaris infecting atlantic salmon (salmo salar) is found to attach and reproduce under laboratory conditions on several species in the subfamily salmoninae other than the atlantic salmon. the gyrodactylid species gyrodactylus thymalli infecting grayling (thymallus thymallus) in another subfamily, thymallinae, is previously said to be very similar to g. salaris based on morphometry and genetical analysis which prompted the present laboratory experiments to t ... | 2001 | 11403770 |
| the use of host specificity, pathogenicity, and molecular markers to differentiate between gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 and g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | the validity of gyrodactylus thymalli has been questioned, based on its morphological and genetic resemblance to g. salaris. this taxonomic problem has practical implications regarding correct diagnosis of g. salaris, which has proved to be highly pathogenic to stocks of wild norwegian atlantic salmon. the host specificity and pathogenicity of g. salaris and g. thymalli were experimentally tested on salmon and grayling. both parasite species were able to infect, live and reproduce on both fish s ... | 2002 | 11860035 |
| primers for amplifying approximately 820 bp of highly polymorphic mitochondrial coi gene of gyrodactylus salaris. | | 2002 | 12564635 |
| comparative susceptibility of two races of salmo salar (baltic lule river and atlantic conon river strains) to infection with gyrodactylus salaris. | the susceptibility of various races of salmonids towards infections with the skin parasitic monogenean gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, differs markedly. norwegian and scottish salmon strains are known as extremely susceptible to infection, whereas baltic salmon races such as the neva strain (russian origin) and the indals river (swedish origin) salmon have been characterized as relatively resistant. however, the status of the many other baltic strains has remained unknown. the present study ... | 2003 | 12650249 |
| characterization of a gyrodactylus salaris variant: infection biology, morphology and molecular genetics. | a laboratory population of a danish gyrodactylus salaris variant founded by 1 single specimen was established and infection studies performed. rainbow trout as well as atlantic salmon of 3 different stocks were infected both in cohabitation systems and as single-parasite infections on isolated hosts. both infection systems revealed that this particular morphotype exhibits low virulence towards atlantic salmon. thus, in isolated hosts, the parasites could either not establish or only reproduce to ... | 2003 | 12954018 |
| mitochondrial dna variation of gyrodactylus spp (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) populations infecting atlantic salmon, grayling, and rainbow trout in norway and sweden. | approximately 800 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene were sequenced from 76 gyrodactylus specimens of 32 salmonid host populations, i.e. from salmo salar, thymallus thymallus, and oncorhynchus mykiss in norway, sweden and latvia. the coi sequences indicated a substantial intraspecific differentiation of gyrodactylus salaris and gyrodactylus thymalli. in total, 12 haplotypes were identified which group into five well supported clades, three clades with parasites from atlantic ... | 2003 | 14572510 |
| characterisation of a beta-tubulin gene from the monogenean parasite, gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. | the cdna and two partial genomic sequences of beta-tubulin genes have been isolated from the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris. the cdna sequence is not represented by either of the genomic sequences, implying that at least three isotypes of the gene exist in g. salaris. the sequences show regions of high homology with other helminth beta-tubulin genes. this represents the first isolation of a beta-tubulin gene from a monogenean and contributes to the overall characterisation of these gen ... | 2004 | 14747943 |
| risk of inter-river transmission of gyrodactylus salaris by migrating atlantic salmon smolts, estimated by monte carlo simulation. | the possibility of gyrodactylus salaris infection of wild north atlantic salmon salmo salar spreading to new rivers poses a major threat in norway. this freshwater parasite can survive for some time in brackish water, and it has been suggested that smolts leaving infected rivers could transport vital parasites to new rivers. a monte carlo simulation model was used to estimate the risk that infected smolts would ascend a new river. data from an infected watercourse in norway, where the salmon pop ... | 2003 | 14960038 |
| initial steps of speciation by geographic isolation and host switch in salmonid pathogen gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | to test the hypothesis that host-switching can be an important step in the speciation of gyrodactylid monogenean flatworms, we inferred the phylogeny within a cluster of parasites morphologically close to gyrodactylus salaris malmberg 1957, collected from atlantic, baltic and white sea salmon (salmo salar), farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and grayling (thymallus thymallus) from northern europe. the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal gene was sequenced for tax ... | 2004 | 15013741 |
| the effect of various metals on gyrodactylus salaris (platyhelminthes, monogenea) infections in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) parr (age 0+), infected by the ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris, were exposed to aqueous aluminium (al), copper (cu), zinc (zn), iron (fe) and manganese (mn), at 4 different concentrations. there was a negative correlation between g. salaris infections and metal concentrations in both zn- and al-exposed salmon. in the zn-experiment, all 4 concentrations tested caused a decrease in the g. salaris infections, while in the al-experiment the g. salaris infection did no ... | 2004 | 15030004 |
| the first complete monogenean ribosomal rna gene operon: sequence and secondary structure of the gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, large subunit ribosomal rna gene. | the sequence of the gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, large subunit, or 28s, ribosomal rna (rrna) gene has been determined. this gene is the final portion of the gyrodactylus rrna gene operon to be sequenced and results in the first complete sequence of all rrna genes and spacers from a monogenean. the nucleotide sequence was used to predict the secondary structure of the large subunit rrna, and regions of conserved and variable sequence and structure were identified. the site where the 5' te ... | 2004 | 15040682 |
| susceptibility of baltic and east atlantic salmon salmo salar stocks to gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea). | the susceptibility of a baltic salmon stock salmo salar (indalsälv, central sweden) to norwegian gyrodactylus salaris (figga strain, central norway) was experimentally tested and compared with previously obtained results on east atlantic salmon (lierelva, se norway). contrary to expectation, the baltic salmon, which had no prior exposure to this parasite strain, appeared almost as susceptible as the norwegian salmon parr that naturally experience g. salaris-induced mortality. individually isolat ... | 2004 | 15109139 |
| qualitative risk assessment of routes of transmission of the exotic fish parasite gyrodactylus salaris between river catchments in england and wales. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ecto-parasite of atlantic-salmon. infection of its natural host, the baltic strain of atlantic-salmon, is inapparent. g. salaris also can infect rainbow-trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) permanently, and cause infection of < or =50 days in several other species. it is only on atlantic stocks of atlantic-salmon (salmo salar) that the parasite multiplies unchecked by an immune response, causes death in juveniles and dramatic reductions in wild populations ... | 2004 | 15325771 |
| the use of morphometric characters to discriminate specimens of laboratory-reared and wild populations of gyrodactylus salaris and g. thymalli (monogenea). | gyrodactylus thymalli zitnan, 1960 and g. salaris malmberg, 1957 have an indistinguishable ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) dna sequence, but exhibit surprisingly high levels of intra- and interspecific sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (co1) gene. to test whether different populations of these reportedly very similar species could be discriminated using morphometric methods, we examined the morphometry of four different populations representing different mi ... | 2004 | 15357403 |
| chaetotaxy applied to norwegian gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (monogenea) clades and related species from salmonids. | gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is a major pathogen of wild salmo salar l. parr populations in norway, and its delimitation from non-pathogenic species is important. the present study was undertaken to test the power of chaetotaxy to differentiate between three populations belonging to both the same and different clades (as stated by mtdna) of g. salaris, in addition to three different species of gyrodactylids (g. salaris, g. thymalli and g. caledoniensis). the gyrodactylids were processed f ... | 2004 | 15357404 |
| homing of gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini (monogenea) on different hosts and response post-attachment. | in natural european waters, the congeneric monogeneans gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975 and g. salaris malmberg, 1957 are primarily found on brown trout salmo trutta l. and atlantic salmon salmo salar l., respectively. interestingly, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), originating from north america, is as susceptible as brown trout to g. derjavini. however, the mechanisms involved in this host specificity are poorly understood but may include behavioural, mechanical and chemical ... | 2004 | 15357405 |
| qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ... | 2004 | 15648837 |
| carbohydrate localization on gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini and corresponding carbohydrate binding capacity of their hosts salmo salar and s. trutta. | the congeners gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini are specific ectoparasites of atlantic salmon salmo salar and brown trout s. trutta, respectively. to elucidate the involvement of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in this host specificity, carbohydrates on the tegument of the two species and the corresponding lectin activity of their hosts have been studied. carbohydrate composition on the tegument differed significantly between the two gyrodactylids. three of four commercially available perox ... | 2005 | 15831112 |
| [seasonal dynamic of the infestation of young landlocked salmon (salmo salar morpha sebago, girard) by the monogenean species gyrodactylus salaris]. | seasonal dymanic of the infestation of young landlocked salmon (salmo salar morpha sebago, girard) by the monogenean species gyrodactylus salaris malberg, 1957 was studied in the river lizhma, karelia. it is established, that the temperature optimal for the development and reproduction of the parasite is about 3-8 degrees c. it is stated, that the abundance of g. salaris in the river lizhma do not reach so high values, as it was observed in the regions outside the natural area of the parasite. | 2005 | 16134787 |
| skin expression of il-1beta in east atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., highly susceptible to gyrodactylus salaris infection is enhanced compared to a low susceptibility baltic stock. | | 2006 | 16436123 |
| unpredicted transmission strategy of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae): survival and infectivity of parasites on dead hosts. | the viviparous monogenean gyrodactylus salaris continues to devastate norwegian atlantic salmon populations despite the extreme measures taken to control this pathogen. increased understanding of parasite biology is needed to develop alternative control and management strategies of wild atlantic salmon. we have examined temperature-dependent survival of g. salaris, both on and off the host. at 18 degrees c, survival off the host was 1 day, but at 3 degrees c parasites survived for 4 days. howeve ... | 2006 | 16563199 |
| gene expression profiles of some immune relevant genes from skin of susceptible and responding atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) infected with gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) revealed by suppressive subtractive hybridisation. | suppressive subtractive hybridisation was used to examine the genetic basis of susceptibility and resistance of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) to gyrodactylus salaris infection. selected immune relevant genes are listed and two genes, for myeloid leukemia differentiation protein (mcl-1) and opioid growth factor receptor (ogfr), obtained from the susceptible salmon library were characterised. both sequences showed high amino acid identity and similarity with human and mouse isoforms, and their ... | 2006 | 16806223 |
| the incongruence of nuclear and mitochondrial dna variation supports conspecificity of the monogenean parasites gyrodactylus salaris and g. thymalli. | the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is an economically important parasite on atlantic salmon whereas the morphologically very similar g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 on grayling is considered harmless. even molecular markers cannot unambiguously discriminate both species. the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences are identical in both species, and although mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) sequences show substantial variation, no support for monophyly of either speci ... | 2006 | 16863602 |
| isolation of a fip2-like gene from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), found upregulated following infection with the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. | | 2007 | 16928451 |
| identification of genetic markers associated with gyrodactylus salaris resistance in atlantic salmon salmo salar. | gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is a freshwater monogenean ectoparasite of salmonids, first recorded in norway in 1975 and responsible for extensive epizootics in wild atlantic salmon salmo salar l. the susceptibility of different populations of atlantic salmon to g. salaris infection differs markedly, with fish from the baltic being characterised as relatively resistant whereas those from norway or scotland are known to be (extremely) susceptible. resistance to gyrodactylus infection in sal ... | 2006 | 16956059 |
| arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) in norway. | gyrodactylus specimens infecting both anadromous arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) from river signaldalselva (northern norway) and resident arctic charr from lake pålsbufjorden (southern norway) were identified as g. salaris using molecular markers and morphometrics. the infection in pålsbufjorden represents the first record of a viable g. salaris population infecting a host in the wild in the absence of salmon (salmo salar). g. salaris on charr from signaldalselva and pålsbufjorden bear differe ... | 2007 | 17054822 |
| the ultrastructure of hypersymbionts on the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris infecting atlantic salmon salmo salar. | there is increasing pressure to develop alternative control strategies against the pathogen gyrodactylus salaris, which has devastated wild atlantic salmon salmo salar in norway. hyperparasitism is one option for biological control and electron microscopy has revealed two ectosymbionts associated with g. salaris: unidentified rod-shaped bacteria, and the protist, ichthyobodo necator. no endosymbionts were detected. the flagellate i. necator occurred only occasionally on fish suffering costiosis, ... | 2006 | 17125547 |
| the mitochondrial genome of gyrodactylus salaris (platyhelminthes: monogenea), a pathogen of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | in the present study, we describe the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the atlantic salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris, the first for any monogenean species. the circular genome is 14,790 bp in size. all of the 35 genes recognized from other flatworm mitochondrial genomes were identified, and they are transcribed from the same strand. the protein-coding and ribosomal rna (rrna) genes share the same gene arrangement as those published previously for neodermatan mt genomes (representing ces ... | 2007 | 17156582 |
| variation in host preference within gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea): an experimental approach. | the monogenean ectoparasite, gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, has had a devastating effect on wild atlantic salmon (salmo salar) since its introduction to norway in the mid-1970s. in lake pålsbufjorden, southern norway, upstream of the stretches of the river numedalslågen with anadromous atlantic salmon, a resident arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) population has been reported to be infected with g. salaris which is viable in the absence of its normal host, the atlantic salmon. currently, th ... | 2007 | 17166321 |
| mitochondrial haplotype diversity of gyrodactylus thymalli (platyhelminthes; monogenea): extended geographic sampling in united kingdom, poland, and norway reveals further lineages. | in recent years, the mitochondrial haplotype diversity of the monogenean ectoparasites gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 on atlantic salmon and g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 on grayling has been studied intensively to understand the taxonomy and phylogeography of the two species. according to these studies, neither species can be considered monophyletic, but unfortunately, the geographic sampling has mostly been restricted to fennoscandia. only few samples from continental europe have been analysed ... | 2007 | 17216240 |
| differentiation between a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic form of gyrodactylus salaris using pcr-rflp. | | 2007 | 17298568 |
| selection by parasites in spate conditions in wild trinidadian guppies (poecilia reticulata). | gyrodactylids are ubiquitous fish parasites and yet, with the notable exception of gyrodactylus salaris, few studies have reported the effect of these parasites on host survival in natural populations. here, we assess the impact of the parasite load of gyrodactylids (g. turnbulli and g. bullatarudis) on the survival and migration of guppies (poecilia reticulata) in their natural habitat of the aripo river in trinidad. the recapture rate of males declined by 19% with every additional parasite, a ... | 2007 | 17307185 |
| characterisation of a low pathogenic form of gyrodactylus salaris from rainbow trout. | gyrodactylus salaris was isolated from rainbow trout in a danish freshwater trout farm, and a laboratory population of this particular parasite form was established on rainbow trout. challenge infections were performed using different salmonid strains and species, including east atlantic salmon salmo salar (from the danish river skjernå), baltic salmon s. salar (from the swedish river ume alv) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (from the danish rainbow trout farm fousing). these were compared ... | 2007 | 17330743 |
| escape from an evolutionary dead end: a triploid clone of gyrodactylus salaris is able to revert to sex and switch host (platyhelminthes, monogenea, gyrodactylidae). | diploid parthenogenesis, with rare sex, is considered as the basic mode of reproduction among the hermaphroditic and viviparous gyrodactylus. a particular strain of the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris (rbt clone) was recognized by an invariable, unique mitochondrial dna haplotype in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. the rbt clone was shown to be triploid and asexual by analyzing a 493 bp sequence of a nuclear dna marker. three alleles were present as heterozygous in all 237 ind ... | 2006 | 17362339 |
| geographic risk factors for inter-river dispersal of gyrodactylus salaris in fjord systems in norway. | gyrodactylus salaris has been recorded in 46 norwegian rivers since 1975 and is considered a threat to atlantic salmon stocks. the primary introductions of g. salaris (primary infected rivers) have been accounted for by specific events, as reported in the literature. the parasite has subsequently dispersed to adjacent localities (secondary infected rivers). the objective of this paper is to address the occurrence of secondary infections by examining the hypothesis of inter-river dispersal of g. ... | 2007 | 17432043 |
| [parasite fauna of young landlocked salmon (salmo salar m. sebago girard) in the pista river (the white sea basin)]. | a native population of landlocked salmon of the pista river was investigated in 2000-2002. adult salmon in pista river has smallest size among other populations of landlocked salmon in karelia. data on the biology and parasite fauna of young salmon are presented. the presence of local salmon populations in lakes of the river system is apparently one of the mechanisms keeping the magnitude of population. the presence of gyrodactylus salaris, a harmful parasite of the young landlocked salmon, is e ... | 2007 | 17460940 |
| isolation of a novel fish thymidylate kinase gene, upregulated in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following infection with the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris. | analysis of differential gene expression in salmon (salmo salar) blood following infection with the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris, resulted in the isolation of a thymidylate kinase gene not previously described from fish and which showed similarity to an lps-inducible thymidylate kinase gene isolated from mouse macrophages. this salmon tyki-like gene may play a role in an innate generalised response to pathogen infection as it was upregulated in salmon following infection with the par ... | 2007 | 17467294 |
| the application of risk analysis in aquatic animal health management. | risk analysis has only been regularly used in the management of aquatic animal health in recent years. the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (sps) stimulated the application of risk analysis to investigate disease risks associated with international trade (import risk analysis-ira). a majority (9 of 17) of the risk analyses reviewed were ira. the other major focus has been the parasite of atlantic salmon--gyrodactylus salaris. six studies investigated the spread ... | 2007 | 17544160 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the monogenean gyrodactylus thymalli (platyhelminthes: monogenea), a parasite of grayling (thymallus thymallus). | we present the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of gyrodactylus thymalli, a monogenean ectoparasite on grayling (thymallus thymallus). the circular genome is 14788 bp in size and includes all 35 genes recognized from other flatworm mt genomes. the overall a+t content of the mt genome is 62.8%. twenty regions of non-coding dna ranging from 1 to 111 bp in length were identified in addition to 2 highly conserved large non-coding regions 799 bp and 767 bp in size. compared to the recently describe ... | 2007 | 17559954 |
| mitochondrial dna variation of a natural population of gyrodactylus thymalli (monogenea) from the type locality river hnilec, slovakia. | the monogenean flatworm gyrodactylus thymalli (zitnan, helminthologia, 2:266-269, 1960) is considered a harmless ectoparasite on grayling (thymallus thymallus). the species is closely related to g. salaris malmberg, 1957 that causes severe gyrodactylosis on atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in many norwegian rivers. in this paper, we study the mitochondrial diversity of a g. thymalli population from one of the type localities hrable on river hnilec, slovakia. by sequencing parts of the mitochondrial ... | 2007 | 17694404 |
| host-based identification is not supported by morphometrics in natural populations of gyrodactylus salaris and g. thymalli (platyhelminthes, monogenea). | gyrodactylus salaris is a serious pest of wild pre-smolt atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in norway. the closely related g. thymalli, originally described from grayling (thymallus thymallus), is assumed harmless to both grayling and salmon. the 2 species are difficult to distinguish using traditional, morphometric methods or molecular approaches. the aim of this study was to explore whether there is a consistent pattern of morphometrical variation between g. salaris and g. thymalli and to analyse t ... | 2007 | 17697446 |
| baltic salmon activates immune relevant genes in fin tissue when responding to gyrodactylus salaris infection. | immune mechanisms in 2 strains of salmo salar (baltic salmon from river ume alv in sweden and east atlantic salmon from river skjernå in denmark) infected with the monogenean ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris were elucidated by molecular tools (real-time pcr). the gene expression in the fins (the preferred microhabitat of the parasite) of the susceptible but responding swedish salmon was compared to the expression in the fins of the highly susceptible and nonresponding east atlantic salmon. expe ... | 2007 | 17718169 |
| hybrid origin of baltic salmon-specific parasite gyrodactylus salaris: a model for speciation by host switch for hemiclonal organisms. | host switching explains the high species number of ectoparasitic, viviparous, mainly parthenogenetic but potentially hermaphroditic flatworms of the genus gyrodactylus. the starlike mitochondrial phylogeny of gyrodactylus salaris suggested parallel divergence of several clades on grayling (also named as gyrodactylus thymalli) and an embedded sister clade on baltic salmon. the hypothesis that the parasite switched from grayling to salmon during the glacial diaspora was tested using a 493-bp nucle ... | 2007 | 17971088 |
| gyro-scope: an individual-based computer model to forecast gyrodactylid infections on fish hosts. | individual-based computer models (ibm) feature prominently in current theoretical ecology but have only been applied in a small number of parasitological studies. here we designed an ibm to simulate the infection dynamics of gyrodactylid parasites and immune defence of naïve hosts (i.e. fish previously not exposed to these parasites). we compared the results of the model with empirical data from guppies (poecilia reticulata) infected with gyrodactylus parasites. the laboratory experiments on gup ... | 2008 | 18022176 |
| microhabitat selection of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg on different salmonids. | the microhabitat selection of the ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris (laerdalselva strain, norway) was investigated concurrently with studies on the parasite population growth on five strains of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and a strain of danish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). the salmon used were hatchery-reared parr of east atlantic strains [river conon (scotland), river storå (western denmark) and river atran (western sweden)] and baltic strains [lule and ume (eastern sweden ... | 2007 | 18034680 |
| molecular faunistics of accidental infections of gyrodactylus nordmann, 1832 (monogenea) parasitic on salmon salmo salar l. and brown trout salmo trutta l. in nw russia. | salmon salmo salar l. and brown trout s. trutta l. juveniles were examined for the presence of accidental monogenean ectoparasitic species of gyrodactylus nordmann, 1832 in the baltic and white sea basins of russian karelia in order to estimate the frequency of host-switching attempts on an ecological timescale. to collect phylogeographical information and for exact species identification, the parasites were characterised by nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequences of rdna (its) and, for so ... | 2008 | 18038199 |
| occurrence of gyrodactylids on wild atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., in danish rivers. | three hundred and one parr of wild salmon, salmo salar l., from three river systems in denmark were examined in december 2005 and august 2006 for gyrodactylid infections. the species determination was done by morphological analyses of the opisthaptoral hard parts and molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region using pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequencing. five species of the genus gyrodactylus were found: gyrodactylus derjavini, gyrodactylus teu ... | 2008 | 18234020 |
| epidemiology of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) in the river tornionjoki, a baltic wild salmon river. | the occurrence of gyrodactylus salaris in the river tornionjoki was investigated in 2000-2004. infection of salmon parr, salmo salar, was common in the uppermost reach of the river system but decreased downstream and was rare in the lowermost reach. this pattern was consistent across the study period regardless of varying water temperatures. the oldest age groups of parr were more often infected than younger ones throughout the river system, irrespective of their origin (wild or stocked). parasi ... | 2008 | 18355178 |
| demonstrating freedom from gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this paper describes an approach to demonstrate freedom of individual rainbow trout farms from gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. the infection status of individual farms is relevant should g. salaris be introduced into a country or zone previously known to be free of the parasite. trade from farms where g. salaris may have been introduced would be restricted until freedom had been demonstrated. cage, fish and parasite sample sizes were calculated based on the minimum detectable prevalence (p* ... | 2008 | 18429441 |
| the mitochondrial genome of gyrodactylus derjavinoides (platyhelminthes: monogenea)--a mitogenomic approach for gyrodactylus species and strain identification. | systematists and evolutionary biologists are constantly on the lookout for new sources of characters to discriminate amongst taxa and estimate interrelationships within and between taxa. entire mitochondrial genomes provide a wealth of data, both at the nucleotide and amino acid level. molecular markers are of particular utility when applied to small, morphologically conserved taxa, as is the case for many monogenean ectoparasites of fish. gyrodactylus species display a considerable degree of an ... | 2008 | 18448274 |
| [long-term changes in the epizootic of juvenile salmon (salmo salar l.) in the keret river (white sea basin) depending on the invasion of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957]. | results of long-term investigations on the population dynamics of juvenile atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in the keret' river (white sea drainage basin) depending on the invading of gyrodactylus salaris (malmberg, 1957) and mass infestation of salmon with this parasite are presented. gyrodactylus salaris was for the first time recorded in the keret' river in 1992. during the period lesser than five years the parasite spread along the river. the rise in the infestation of salmon parr with g. sa ... | 2008 | 19198173 |
| assessment of exotic fish disease introduction and establishment in the united kingdom via live fish transporters. | live fish transporters returning empty from mainland europe may mechanically introduce exotic pathogens and parasites to the uk. a qualitative risk assessment approach was adopted to investigate the likelihood of introduction and establishment in rainbow trout farms of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs), infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) and gyrodactylus salaris via this route. a scenario tree was developed and estimates made for the likelihood of each step based on a review of the avai ... | 2009 | 19326789 |
| the evolution of fish ectoparasite communities--the role of the ice ages. | the monogenean ectoparasite genera dactylogyrus and gyrodactylus are hyperdiverse, and yet monogenean communities infecting freshwater fish in the northern holarctic are variable and often impoverished. this is a result of extinctions during periods of glaciation when the host fishes experienced range contraction. fish species recolonised northern europe by one of three routes; stenohaline fishes recolonised from the black sea basin via danube-rhine or dnieper-dniester-vistula connections. these ... | 2008 | 19338218 |
| selected parasitosis in cultured and wild fish. | while intensive aquaculture has and will continue to supply the ever growing population with highly nutritious protein, it also comes with problems which include more frequent outbreaks of diseases in fish farms and transmission of diseases between farmed and wild fish. we have selected four phyla of economically important fish parasites for our present discussion-a haemoflagellate (cryptobia salmositica), a microsporidian, (loma salmonae), a monogenean (gyrodactylus salaries) and two copepods ( ... | 2009 | 19573992 |
| phenotypic plasticity of taxonomic and diagnostic structures in gyrodactylosis-causing flatworms (monogenea, platyhelminthes). | the present study addresses the effect of varying temperature and host species on the size and shape of the opisthaptoral hard-parts in isogenic strains of gyrodactylus salaris and g. thymalli. variation in shape was examined using geometric morphometrics. since the opisthaptoral hard-parts of gyrodactylus have few specific landmarks, their shape information mostly being represented by outlines and surfaces, a method based on sliding semi-landmarks was applied. the ventral bars of g. salaris did ... | 2009 | 19660157 |
| the first report of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (platyhelminthes, monogenea) on italian cultured stocks of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is considered one of the most important parasites of wild salmonids in the european community due to the heavy ecological and economical damage it has inflicted on atlantic salmon (salmo salar) parr populations. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is susceptible to g. salaris and can act as a suitable carrier host and, consequently, its trade in eu territory is restricted in relation to the status of "recognized free" zones. despite the economic ... | 2009 | 19700245 |
| molecular and immunohistochemical studies on epidermal responses in atlantic salmon salmo salar l. induced by gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. | various strains of atlantic salmon exhibit different levels of susceptibility to infections with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus salaris. the basic mechanisms involved in this differential ability to respond to this monogenean were elucidated using controlled and duplicated challenge experiments. highly susceptible east atlantic salmon allowed parasite populations to reach up to 3000 parasites per host within 6 weeks, whereas less susceptible baltic salmon never reached larger parasite ... | 2010 | 19728897 |
| seawater tolerance in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., brown trout, salmo trutta l., and s. salar × s. trutta hybrids smolt. | high levels of hybridization between atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and brown trout (salmo trutta) have been reported in the gyrodactylus salaris infected rivers vefsna and driva in norway. the survival and behaviour during the sea phase of such hybrids is unknown. the reported work documents ionoregulatory status after 24 h seawater challenge tests (24hsw) and gill na+/k+-atpase (nka) activity of migrating wild smolts of atlantic salmon, brown trout and hybrids at two sampling dates during the 2 ... | 2010 | 19821045 |
| treatment of gyrodactylid infections in fish. | since norway experienced the devastating gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea) epidemics in atlantic salmon salmo salar, there has been heightened interest in how to treat gyrodactylosis in fish. here we summarize chemical treatments previously used against gyrodactylids and discuss the main problems associated with these control measures including efficacy, host toxicity, human health concerns and application of treatments. unfortunately, for these reasons and because of the different methodologies ... | 2009 | 19899351 |
| quantification of free-living gyrodactylus salaris in an infested river and consequences for inter-river dispersal. | gyrodactylus salaris is a major threat to wild populations of atlantic salmon salmo salar in norway. inter-river dispersal of this parasite is considered to be mainly linked to infested fish. dispersal through movement of contaminated water is considered possible but has not been quantitatively evaluated. to approach this problem, we built a simple model to estimate (1) the water concentration of free-living g. salaris and (2) the probability that given water volumes would contain free-living pa ... | 2009 | 20099414 |
| response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in skin and fin tissue during infection with a variant of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | response mechanisms of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), experimentally infected with a danish strain of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 were investigated using molecular tools (qpcr) and immunohistochemistry. expression of ten immune-relevant genes and reactivity with five different antibodies in the epidermis of skin and fin tissue were analysed in susceptible but responding rainbow trout. rainbow trout were susceptible with regard to the parasite strain which initially colonise ... | 2009 | 20128237 |
| multi-centre testing and validation of current protocols for the identification of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea). | despite routine screening requirements for the notifiable fish pathogen gyrodactylus salaris, no standard operating procedure exists for its rapid identification and discrimination from other species of gyrodactylus. this study assessed screening and identification efficiencies under real-world conditions for the most commonly employed identification methodologies: visual, morphometric and molecular analyses. obtained data were used to design a best-practice processing and decision-making protoc ... | 2010 | 20595003 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for the identification of gyrodactylus parasites infecting salmonids in northern europe. | gyrodactylus salaris is a monogenean freshwater parasite that causes high mortality in wild atlantic salmon, and a number of countries employ monitoring programmes for its presence. a taqman-mgb (minor groove binding) probe real-time multiplex assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal dna (its rdna) was developed to simultaneously identify g. salaris/g. thymalli and 2 other commonly occurring gyrodactylus species infecting salmonids in northern europe: g. derjavinoides and g. tru ... | 2010 | 20662370 |
| experiments to test if allopatric salvelinus alpinus are suitable year-round hosts of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea). | there has been an increased focus on salvelinus alpinus as a potential long-term host to gyrodactylus salaris and, here, both susceptibility to g. salaris and ability to sustain a parasite population seasonally, was tested using fry and parr of s. alpinus from the river skibotnelva, northern norway. fry were highly susceptible. gyrodactylus salaris survived on allopatric s. alpinus parr during the 5 month-long winter when water temperatures were c. 1 degrees c. salvelinus alpinus fry also mainta ... | 2009 | 20735647 |
| high gyrodactylus salaris infection rate in triploid atlantic salmon salmo salar. | we describe an unusually high infection rate of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg in juvenile atlantic salmon salmo salar l. of baltic sea origin, which are generally believed to be more resistant to g. salaris than east atlantic salmon populations. based on analyses of mitochondrial (complete cytochrome oxidase 1 [co1] gene, 1548 bp) and nuclear (adnam1, 435 bp; internal transcribed spacer [its] rdna region, 1232 bp) dna fragments, the closest relatives of the characterized estonian g. salaris stra ... | 2010 | 21387992 |
| freshwater charr (salvelinus alpinus) as hosts for gyrodactylus salaris: implications for management. | | 2011 | 21493514 |
| microrna preparations from individual monogenean gyrodactylus salaris-a comparison of six commercially available totalrna extraction kits. | abstract: | 2011 | 21714869 |
| The effect of octopaminergic compounds on the behaviour and transmission of Gyrodactylus. | The high transmission potential of species belonging to the monogenean parasite genus Gyrodactylus, coupled with their high fecundity, allows them to rapidly colonise new hosts and to increase in number. One gyrodactylid, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, has been responsible for devastation of Altantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in a number of Norwegian rivers. Current methods of eradicating G. salaris from river systems centre around the use of non-specific biocides, such as roteno ... | 2011 | 22032413 |
| morphological and molecular characterisation of gyrodactylus salmonis (platyhelminthes, monogenea) isolates collected in mexico from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | gyrodactylus salmonis (yin et sproston, 1948) isolates collected from feral rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) in veracruz, southeastern mexico are described. morphological and molecular variation of these isolates to g. salmonis collected in canada and the u.s.a. is characterised. morphologically, the marginal hook sickles of mexican isolates of g. salmonis closely resemble those of canadian specimens - their shaft and hook regions align closely with one another; only features of the ... | 2011 | 22169222 |
| seawater tolerance and post-smolt migration of wild atlantic salmon salmo salar × brown trout s. trutta hybrid smolts. | high levels of hybridization between atlantic salmon salmo salar and brown trout salmo trutta have been reported in the river driva. this study presents the underlying mechanisms of development of seawater (sw) tolerance and marine migration pattern for s. salar×s. trutta hybrids. migrating s. salar×s. trutta hybrid smolts caught in the river driva, norway (a river containing gyrodactylus salaris), displayed freshwater (fw) gill na(+), k(+) -atpase (nka) activity levels of 11·8 µmol adp mg prote ... | 2012 | 23331146 |
| [peculiarities of the biology and parasite fauna of juvenile atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in the pista river (white sea basin), according to the gyrodactylus salaris infestation]. | juvenile salmon salmo salar m. sebago girard from the pista river system (the white sea basin) was investigated. the data on species composition and occurrence peculiarities of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 are given. this monogenean is the alien species for the river system and it is recorded for the first time. it is shown that the distribution of the parasite abundance is can be described as the negative binomial distribution; variations of its parameters (k and p) were also characteriz ... | 2012 | 23285741 |
| substantial loss of conserved and gain of novel microrna families in flatworms. | recent studies on microrna (mirna) evolution focused mainly on the comparison of mirna complements between animal clades. however, evolution of mirnas within such groups is poorly explored despite the availability of comparable data that in some cases lack only a few key taxa. for flatworms (platyhelminthes), mirna complements are available for some free-living flatworms and all major parasitic lineages, except for the monogenea. we present the mirna complement of the monogenean flatworm gyrodac ... | 2013 | 24025793 |
| reconstructing mitochondrial genomes directly from genomic next-generation sequencing reads--a baiting and iterative mapping approach. | we present an in silico approach for the reconstruction of complete mitochondrial genomes of non-model organisms directly from next-generation sequencing (ngs) data-mitochondrial baiting and iterative mapping (mitobim). the method is straightforward even if only (i) distantly related mitochondrial genomes or (ii) mitochondrial barcode sequences are available as starting-reference sequences or seeds, respectively. we demonstrate the efficiency of the approach in case studies using real ngs data s ... | 2013 | 23661685 |
| occurrence and morphogenetic characteristics of gyrodactylus (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from a rainbow trout farm (lake ladoga, russia). | gyrodactylus parasite infected juveniles on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) from a fish farm in lake ladoga were investigated. the observed cases of infection in fish featured a high prevalence, when almost all of the fish were infected. however, if an outbreak of the monogenean infection is observed in spring, the intensity of the infection may be low, and when the infection occurs in the ice-covered period (late autumn - winter), the number of parasites on the fins of a singl ... | 2016 | 26751886 |
| correction: predicting the potential for natural recovery of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) populations following the introduction of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (monogenea). | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169168.]. | 2017 | 28196136 |