| in vitro binding of parasites (bonamia ostreae) and latex particles by hemocytes of susceptible and insusceptible oysters. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite that has caused severe losses in the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) industry in europe. the cupped oyster (crassostrea gigas), recently introduced and cultured in europe, is not infected by the disease. in vitro tests were conducted to determine whether there was a difference in the ability of hemocytes from each species to recognize and bind inert foreign particles (fluorescent latex beads) and purified, infective b. ostreae. the results indicated no differe ... | 1988 | 3350192 |
| proteins with insulinlike activity isolated from oyster (ostrea edulis l.) hepatopancreas. | | 1973 | 4735495 |
| [true plasmodial forms exist in bonamia ostreae, a pathogen of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis]. | research on the cycle of b. ostreae, a parasite which is responsible for the flat oyster epizooty in brittany (france), has allowed us to describe true plasmodial parasitic forms. this result confirms the appartenance of b. ostreae to the haplosporidian group and definitely discards it from marteilia. | 1982 | 6812890 |
| in vitro activity of the antimicrobial peptide magainin 1 against bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis. | magainins are peptide antibiotics with broad antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, originally extracted from the skin of xenopus laevis. we investigated the effects of magainin 1 against bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis. viability of purified protozoa was assessed microscopically by the uptake of the vital dyes acridine orange and ethidium bromide. following exposure to magainin 1, bonamia viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. within ... | 1994 | 7704115 |
| [international trade in bivalve mollusks and the current situation in france and in europe]. | over the last century and a half, trade in shellfish has introduced into france four new species intended for aquaculture, as follows: -the portuguese oyster (crassostrea angulata) -the american clam (mercenaria mercenaria) -the pacific oyster (c. gigas) -the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). the development of hatcheries and air transport facilities has led to increased trade in these species among the countries of the european union (france, ireland, italy, the netherlands, portugal, spai ... | 1996 | 9019238 |
| in vitro activity of the limulus antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin i on marine bivalve pathogens | tachyplesin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide extracted from hemocytes of the japanese horseshoe crab tachypleus tridentatus. we studied the in vitro activity of tachyplesin i against bivalve pathogens: the oyster parasites bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis and perkinsus marinus, the histozoic parasite of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica, and the bacterium vibrio p1, pathogenic for the clam tapes philippinarum. viability of the protozoans was asses ... | 1997 | 9056468 |
| specific inhibition of chemiluminescent activity by pathogenic vibrios in hemocytes of two marine bivalves: pecten maximus and crassostrea gigas. | hemocytes from two adult bivalves, pecten maximus and crassostrea gigas, were exposed to 12 different bacterial strains including 2 alteromonas spp. (u1 and t413), 2 type strains of vibrios (v. anguillarum atcc 19264 and v. alginolyticus atcc 17749), 1 vibrio (s322) pathogenic to c. gigas larvae, 2 vibrios (v110 and v117) virulent to ostrea edulis larvae, and 5 different strains of a same vibrio sp. (group a496) isolated from moribund p. maximus larvae. after 1.5 h contact with bacteria, zymosan ... | 1998 | 9446738 |
| a revised description of haplosporidium armoricanum, parasite of ostrea edulis l. from galicia, northwestern spain, with special reference to the spore-wall filaments. | haplosporidian spores from ostrea edulis, previously described as minchinia armoricana, were reexamined by light and electron microscopy. these spores were either free among host cells or enclosed in sporocysts. they contained two long epispore cytoplasm extensions (ece), each possessing cytoskeletal structures corresponding to the filaments. after lysis and degradation of the ece, these extensions disappeared and the spores became devoid of membrane-bound extensions. however, 2 long filaments ( ... | 1999 | 10599920 |
| patterns in metazoan parasite communities of some oyster species. | metazoan parasite communities of crassostrea gigas and ostrea edulis from great britain, crassostrea virginica from mexico, and saccostrea commercialis from australia are described and summarized in terms of species composition, species richness, total number of individuals and dominance. metazoan parasite communities in all host species were composed of turbellarians and the metacercarial stage of digeneans, with the exception of s. commercialis where only metacercariae were found. arthropods, ... | 1999 | 10654396 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna of marteilia refringens validates the existence of phylum paramyxea (desportes and perkins, 1990). | marteilia refringens is recognized as one of the most significant pathogens of bivalve molluscs. the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of marteilia refringens is used to elucidate the phylogenetic position of the phylum paramyxea. genomic dna was extracted from sporangia of marteilia, purified from infected blue mussels, mytilus edulis, and flat oysters, ostrea edulis. the sequences obtained from marteilia species purified from both oysters and mussels were identical. t ... | 2000 | 10847346 |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in bivalve molluscs destined for human consumption. | clams (dosinia exoleta, ruditapes philippinarum, venerupis pullastra, venerupis rhomboideus, venus verrucosa), mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis), and oysters (ostrea edulis) were tested for the presence of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using various stain techniques and a commercially available kit containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. all molluscs were harvested in northwest spain (galicia) except for r. philippinarum, which was from italy, and 1 of the 6 oyste ... | 2000 | 10958471 |
| detection of bonamia ostreae based on small subunit ribosomal probe. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis, which has caused significant loss of oysters in europe over the last decade. b. ostreae was purified from infected flat oysters and dna was extracted. the nearly complete small subunit rdna gene of b. ostreae was amplified using universal oligonucleotides and the pcr product was cloned and sequenced. blast research with this sequence revealed similarities to haplosporidium nelsoni, haplosporidium costale, and minchinia te ... | 2000 | 10963400 |
| enzymatic activities in european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, and pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, hemolymph. | enzymatic activities in the hemolymph of healthy and bonamia-infected ostrea edulis and crassostrea gigas were studied with a commercial kit for the detection of 19 enzymes: 15 and 16 enzymes, respectively, were detected in the hemolymph of o. edulis and c. gigas and 10 of them showed relatively high activity levels. most of them existed in both the cell-free fraction of the hemolymph and in the hemocytes. the cell-free hemolymph fraction of bonamia ostreae-infected european flat oysters showed ... | 2000 | 11023742 |
| the effects of salinity on the interaction between a pathogen (listonella anguillarum) and components of a host (ostrea edulis) immune system. | data are presented from a study to determine how salinity may modulate the interactions between an opportunistic bacterial pathogen listonella anguillarum and the immune system of a bivalve host, the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. oysters were acclimated to three salinity regimes (32, 25 and 16%, at 15 degrees c) for 7 days within the laboratory and were then inoculated with a sub-lethal dose of live l. anguillarum. forty-eight hours after inoculation measurements were made of the changes i ... | 2000 | 11079374 |
| concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat crassostrea gigas and ostrea edulis. | concomitant sporadic high mortalities were reported in france in may 1994 among batches of hatchery-reared larval pacific oysters crassostrea gigas and european flat oysters ostrea edulis in 2 hatcheries, and in june and july 1994 among batches of cultured spat of both species in a shellfish nursery. histological observation showed the presence of cellular abnormalities in moribund animals. transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like virus particles in infected larvae a ... | 2000 | 11104068 |
| development of a pcr assay for detection of the oyster pathogen bonamia ostreae and support for its inclusion in the haplosporidia. | the development of diagnostic assays more sensitive and specific than traditional histological techniques is important for the management of bonamiasis in flat oysters ostrea edulis. a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol was developed for the detection of very small amounts of bonamia ostreae (pichot et al. 1980) ribosomal dna (rdna) in bulk dna from oyster gill and hemolymph. the presence of a 760 bp pcr amplification product corresponded with b. ostreae infections determined cyto ... | 2000 | 11104071 |
| ribotyping of vibrio populations associated with cultured oysters (ostrea edulis). | the intraspecific variability of vibrio splendidus, v. harveyi and v. tubiashii recovered from oysters (ostrea edulis) collected at the mediterranean coast near valencia, spain, was analyzed by ribotyping. the two former species represented the most abundant ones, and the third one was the only species described as pathogenic for oysters. a total of 115 environmental strains were studied, 84 of v. splendidus, 23 of v. harveyi and 8 of v. tubiashii. chromosomal dna was digested with kpni and hybr ... | 2000 | 11108021 |
| influence of parentage upon growth in ostrea edulis: evidence for inbreeding depression. | genetic variability for growth was analysed in three populations of ostrea edulis, selected for resistance to the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. this study was undertaken first to determine the potential for selection for growth in populations that have never been selected for this character, and second to estimate heterosis versus inbreeding depression. growth was monitored in culture for 10 months. the selected populations (namely s85-g3, s891-g2 and s89w-g2), their crossbred population a ... | 2000 | 11132409 |
| claire ponds as an experimental model for marteilia refringens life-cycle studies: new perspectives. | since its first description, the paramyxean parasite marteilia refringens (grizel et al.) has been recognised as a significant pathogen of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis l. the existence of a complex life-cycle involving several hosts was postulated early on by many authors, although it remains unsolved. recent developments in the dna-based diagnosis of m. refringens provides new prospects for the detection of the parasite in potential hosts. however, this screening remains impeded by th ... | 2001 | 11165301 |
| evidence for interspecies transmission of oyster herpesvirus in marine bivalves. | since 1991, numerous herpesvirus infections associated with high mortality have been reported around the world in various marine bivalve species. in order to determine whether these infections are due to ostreid herpesvirus-1 (oshv1), a previously characterized pathogen of the japanese oyster (crassostrea gigas), pcr analysis was carried out on 30 samples of larvae collected from four bivalve species (c. gigas, ostrea edulis, ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum), most exhibiting mor ... | 2001 | 11257192 |
| response of haemocyte lysosomes to bacterial inoculation in the oysters ostrea edulis l. and crassostrea gigas (thunberg) and the scallop pecten maximus (l). | data are presented that demonstrate the application of the neutral red retention assay (nrr) to monitor the effects of a bacterial inoculation on the haemocyte lysosomes of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis, pacific oyster crassostrea gigas and scallop pecten maximus. bivalves were acclimated to three temperature regimes (5, 15 and 25 degrees c), at constant salinity for 7 days in the laboratory. once baseline responses to acclimation temperature had been established, the effects of an in v ... | 2001 | 11308076 |
| ultrastructural characterisation of marteilia species (paramyxea) from ostrea edulis, mytilus edulis and mytilus galloprovincialis in europe. | a focused ultrastructural study of marteilia spp. found in cultured ostrea edulis, mytilus edulis and mytilus galloprovincialis from france and spain was conducted with emphasis placed on haplosporosomes, striated plate-like inclusions and spore wall morphology. two types of haplosporosome were identified, sphaeroid and oblate, which were common to the parasite in all 3 host species. a total of 492 haplosporosomes were measured; those from the marteilia sp. in mytilus spp. were marginally smalle ... | 2001 | 11324815 |
| flow cytometric analysis of european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, haemocytes using a monoclonal antibody specific for granulocytes. | the importance of haemocytes in mollusc defence mechanisms can be inferred from their functions. they participate in pathogen elimination by phagocytosis (cheng, 1981; fisher, 1986). hydrolytic enzymes and cytotoxic molecules produced by haemocytes contribute to the destruction of pathogenic organisms (cheng, 1983; leippe & renwrantz, 1988; charlet et al., 1996; hubert et al., 1996; roch et al., 1996). haemocytes may also be involved in immunity modulation by the production of cytokines and neur ... | 2001 | 11394693 |
| molecular evidence for the existence of two species of marteilia in europe. | marteilia refringens is one of the most significant pathogens of bivalve molluscs. previous sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of m. refringens isolates derived from the infected mussels (mytilus edulis and mytilus galloprovinciallis) and the oyster (ostrea edulis) in europe did not reveal genetic polymorphisms despite indications from epizootiological data that distinct types may exist. we investigated the existence of polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer region of t ... | 2001 | 11456321 |
| lysozyme activity and protein concentration in the haemolymph of the flat oyster ostrea edulis (l.). | lysozyme activity and protein concentration in the haemolymph of the flat oyster ostrea edulis were investigated. these biochemical constituents of the haemolymph could be an indication of the physiological condition and vitality of the defence system of an animal. haemolymph protein and lysozyme in oysters were examined over an 18 month period to determine their relationship with the strain of oyster, the season, the site, and parasitism by bonamia ostreae. haemolymph protein concentration exhi ... | 2001 | 11592588 |
| population bottleneck and effective size in bonamia ostreae-resistant populations of ostrea edulis as inferred by microsatellite markers. | genetic variability at five microsatellite loci was analysed in three hatchery-propagated populations of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. these populations were part of a selection programme for resistance to the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae and were produced by mass spawns, without control of the genealogy. evidence for population bottlenecks and inbreeding was sought. a reduction in the number of alleles, mainly due to the loss of rare alleles, was observed in all selected populations, re ... | 2001 | 11865715 |
| kinetics of metal elimination in oysters from a contaminated estuary. | in oysters crassostrea gigas translocated from a metal-enriched estuary (gironde, france) to a comparatively clean site, the bay of bourgneuf (france), cd, cu and zn concentrations were determined monthly in the whole soft tissues, or in different fractions (cytosolic or insoluble) of gills and digestive glands. in all cases, the concentrations of all of the three metals decreased logarithmically and half-lives were always shortest for cd (86-251 days). after 4 months, the cd concentration had b ... | 2002 | 11912053 |
| needle in a haystack: involvement of the copepod paracartia grani in the life-cycle of the oyster pathogen marteilia refringens. | marteilia refringens is a major pathogen of the european flat oyster, ostrea edulis linnaeus. since its description, the life-cycle of this protozoan parasite has eluded discovery. attempts to infect oysters experimentally have been unsuccessful and led to the hypothesis of a complex life-cycle involving several hosts. knowledge of this life-cycle is of central importance in order to manage oyster disease. however, the exploration of m. refringens life-cycle has been previously limited by the de ... | 2002 | 11922433 |
| survival of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from experimentally contaminated oysters (ostrea edulis) and clams (tapes decussatus). | samples of two species of shellfish that form part of the human food chain (the oyster ostrea edulis and the marine clam tapes decussatus) were experimentally contaminated with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. changes in the viability of oocysts subsequently recovered from the shellfish were evaluated by means of an immunofluorescent antibody technique (ifat) and inclusion/exclusion of the fluorogenic vital dye propidium iodide. there was a sharp decrease in oocyst viability during the first 4 da ... | 2002 | 11936501 |
| changes in circulating and tissue-infiltrating hemocyte parameters of european flat oysters, ostrea edulis, naturally infected with bonamia ostreae. | we assayed european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, hemocyte parameters, circulating and tissue-infiltrating hemocyte densities, circulating hemocyte type distribution and lysosomal enzyme contents, to possibly relate these hematological parameters to bonamia ostreae infection. circulating hemocyte densities were not statistically different between infected and uninfected oysters. in contrast, the number of tissue-infiltrating hemocytes increased with infection intensity suggesting a recruitment pro ... | 2003 | 12725808 |
| detection of the oyster parasite bonamia ostreae by fluorescent in situ hybridization. | bonamia ostreae is an economically significant protistan parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis in europe and north america. management of this parasite depends partly upon its reliable identification in wild and aquacultured oyster populations, but b. ostreae is small and difficult to detect by traditional microscopic methods. we designed a fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) assay to sensitively detect b. ostreae in standard histopathological sections of b. ostreae-infected oysters usi ... | 2003 | 13677511 |
| comparison of light microscopic techniques for the diagnosis of the infection of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. | a comparison among various histological techniques for the detection of the parasite bonamia ostreae in oysters ostrea edulis was performed to evaluate their sensitivity and suitability for different purposes. the comparison involved examination of histological sections, tissue imprints from gills, digestive gland, gonad and heart, and haemolymph cell monolayers, prepared through various protocols. every technique produced some false negative. the haemolymph cell monolayers were more sensitive t ... | 2004 | 15050839 |
| detection of enteric viruses in shellfish from the norwegian coast. | common blue mussels (mytilus edulis), horse mussels (modiolus modiolus), and flat oysters (ostrea edulis) obtained from various harvesting and commercial production sites along the norwegian coast were screened for the presence of norovirus by a real-time reverse transcription (rt)-nested pcr assay and for possible indicators of fecal contamination, i.e., for f-specific rna bacteriophages (f-rna phages) by plaque assay and for human adenoviruses and human circoviruses by nested pcr assay. the ai ... | 2004 | 15128518 |
| estimates of trace metal bioavailability to humans ingesting contaminated oysters. | oysters, as very popular food items in france, are subject to rules concerning the maximum acceptable contents of trace metals in foods. the food standards for the quantities of metals permitted are always based on total metal concentrations, and not on the metal concentrations that are potentially bioavailable to the consumer (man). in order to estimate the percentages of accumulated trace metals (i.e. ag, cd, cu and zn) that are potentially bioavailable during consumption, we have used a simpl ... | 2004 | 15350688 |
| the molecular diagnosis of marteilia refringens and differentiation between marteilia strains infecting oysters and mussels based on the rdna igs sequence. | marteilia refringens is a paramyxean parasite which infects the flat oyster ostrea edulis and mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis), where it has been attributed to a separate species, marteilia maurini, by several authors. doubts persist though as to the existence or not of two species of marteilia in europe. we have devised a molecular method for the diagnosis of m. refringens based on 358 bp nested-pcr of the rdna intergene spacer (rdna igs) which is capable of detecting 0.5 fg of m. refringens ... | 2004 | 15521629 |
| infection dynamics of marteilia refringens in flat oyster ostrea edulis and copepod paracartia grani in a claire pond of marennes-oléron bay. | the protozoan parasite marteilia refringens has been partly responsible for the severe decrease in the production of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis linnaeus in france since the 1970s. the calanoid copepod paracartia grani sars was recently found to be a host for m. refringens in french shallow-water oyster ponds ('claires'). this study reconsidered m. refringens transmission dynamics in the light of this finding, taking into account not only oyster infection dynamics and environmental fa ... | 2004 | 15584417 |
| polymorphisms in the sequences of marteilia internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal rna genes (its-1) in spain: genetic types are not related with bivalve hosts. | marteilia refringens is a protozoan parasite causing a disease notifiable to the office international des epizooties (oie) and its distribution has implications for the transfer of live animals. the internal transcribed spacer-1 (its-1) from marteilia clones contains polymorphism. digestion with hhai reveals two different restriction profiles, previously referred as 'o' (marteilia from oyster or marteilia refringens) and 'm' (marteilia from mussels or marteilia maurini). the aim of the present w ... | 2005 | 15960656 |
| proteomic approach to probe for larval proteins of the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis. | a proteomic approach was used to search for larval proteins specific to the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis from galicia in northwest spain. the study included both a comparative analysis, through two-dimensional electrophoresis, of protein expression maps of the larvae of the mussel and of 5 abundant and commercially important bivalve species from the region (ostrea edulis, cerastoderma edule, pecten maximus, tapes decussatus, and venarupis pullastra) and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis ... | 2005 | 15976943 |
| pathogenic bacteria isolated from disease outbreaks in shellfish hatcheries. first description of vibrio neptunius as an oyster pathogen. | shellfish hatcheries are often affected by disease outbreaks. three such episodes were investigated in different galician hatcheries in order to establish the relationship between present microbiota and mortalities. isolates were obtained from various parts of the hatcheries. experimental tests for pathogenicity were carried out in microscale experiments using selected strains on ostrea edulis larvae. the pathogenicity of 1 strain from each outbreak was demonstrated and shown to cause high morta ... | 2005 | 16408836 |
| branchial lesions associated with abundant apoptotic cells in oysters ostrea edulis of galicia (nw spain). | an experiment to evaluate differences in growth, mortality and disease susceptibility among ostrea edulis stocks was performed. five families were produced from each of 4 oyster populations (irish, greek and 2 galician). the spat were transferred to a raft in the ria de arousa (galicia, spain) for grow-out. monthly samples of each family were histologically processed from 2001 to 2003. one of the pathological conditions discovered by this study was the occurrence of extensive branchial lesions c ... | 2006 | 16875400 |
| investigating the possible role of benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton in the life cycle of the haplosporidian bonamia ostreae. | bonamia ostreae is a protistan parasite of the european flat oyster, ostrea edulis. though direct transmission of the parasite can occur between oysters, it is unclear if this represents the complete life cycle of the parasite, and the role of a secondary or intermediate host or carrier species cannot be ruled out. in this preliminary study, benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton from a b. ostreae-endemic area were screened for the presence of parasite dna, using polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2007 | 17118355 |
| the persistence of infectious adenovirus (type 35) in mussels (mytilus edulis) and oysters (ostrea edulis). | the aim of this study was to provide information for improving risk assessment of viral contaminants in bivalves. the persistence of viable adenovirus type 35 (ad35) after controlled contaminations of blue mussels, mytilus edulis, and oysters, ostrea edulis, was studied. bivalves, kept in running seawater at two different temperatures (4 and 18 degrees c) were sampled after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 70 days. virus particles were separated from the gills and the digestive gland through ... | 2007 | 17141347 |
| dynamics of the parasite marteilia refringens (paramyxea) in mytilus galloprovincialis and zooplankton populations in alfacs bay (catalonia, spain). | since the first description of marteilia refringens (paramyxea) in flat oysters ostrea edulis in 1968 in the aber wrach, brittany (france), the life-cycle of this parasite has remained unknown. however, recent studies, conducted in the 'claire' system, have proposed the planktonic copepod acartia grani as a potential intermediate host for the parasite. nevertheless, experimental transmission of the parasite through the copepod has failed. recent studies in this field have reported the presence o ... | 2007 | 17623489 |
| characterization of actin genes in bonamia ostreae and their application to phylogeny of the haplosporidia. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite that infects the european flat oyster ostrea edulis, causing systemic infections and resulting in massive mortalities in populations of this valuable bivalve species. in this work, we have characterized b. ostreae actin genes and used their sequences for a phylogenetic analysis. design of different primer sets was necessary to amplify the central coding region of actin genes of b. ostreae. characterization of the sequences and their amplification in differ ... | 2007 | 17672924 |
| variability of haemocyte and haemolymph parameters in european flat oyster ostrea edulis families obtained from brood stocks of different geographical origins and relation with infection by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. | a research project to compare productive traits (growth and mortality), disease susceptibility and immune capability between ostrea edulis stocks was performed. this article reports the results on the immune capability and its relation with infection by the intrahaemocytic protozoan bonamia ostreae. four to five oyster spat families were produced from each of four european flat oyster populations (one from ireland, one from greece and two from galicia, spain) in a hatchery. the spat were transfe ... | 2008 | 18329903 |
| identification of marteilia refringens infecting the razor clam solen marginatus by pcr and in situ hybridization. | marteilia refringens is a protozoan parasite recognized as a significant pathogen of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. it is believed to have a complex life-cycle involving several hosts. in this study, we applied molecular approaches to identify this parasite in samples of the razor clam solen marginatus from the south west coast of spain. we used a pcr assay to amplify a fragment of the igs rdna region. pcr products were sequenced and the phylogenetic affinity of the sequences was determ ... | 2008 | 18378424 |
| herpesvirus infection in european flat oysters ostrea edulis obtained from brood stocks of various geographic origins and grown in galicia (nw spain). | we evaluated differences in productive traits and disease susceptibility among ostrea edulis stocks. we produced 4 to 5 families from each of 4 oyster populations (irish, greek and 2 galician) in a hatchery. spat corresponding to 19 different families were transferred to a raft in the ría de arousa (galicia, spain) for grow-out. samples of each family were histologically processed every month for 2 yr. one of the pathological conditions disclosed by histological examination was characterised by ... | 2008 | 18380216 |
| first report of a mikrocytos-like parasite in european oysters ostrea edulis from canada after transport and quarantine in france. | as part of a disease resistance experiment, 112 apparently healthy european flat oysters ostrea edulis l. were exported from canada (nova scotia) into france to test their susceptibility to bonamia ostreae infection. twelve oysters died in transit and 17 others died within 2 wk of laboratory quarantine acclimation. all oysters were examined histologically, and the 17 that died during quarantine were assayed for microcells (bonamia sp. and mikrocytos mackini) using molecular techniques. a microce ... | 2008 | 18714681 |
| combining two-stage testing and interval mapping strategies to detect qtl for resistance to bonamiosis in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | we have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) in the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) for resistance to bonamia ostreae, a parasite responsible for the dramatic reduction in the aquaculture of this species. an f(2) family from a cross between a wild oyster and an individual from a family selected for resistance to bonamiosis was cultured with wild oysters injected with the parasite, leading to 20% cumulative mortality. selective genotyping of 92 out of a total of 550 f(2) progeny (i.e., 46 heavily ... | 2009 | 19139958 |
| infection with the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae modifies in vitro haemocyte activities of flat oyster ostrea edulis. | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protozoan parasite, infecting haemocytes of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. oyster defence mechanisms mainly rely on haemocytes. in the present study in vitro interactions between parasites and flat oyster haemocytes were investigated using flow cytometry and light microscopy. haemocyte parameters including: non specific esterase activity, reactive oxygen species (ros) production and phagocytosis were monitored using flow cytometry after 2 h cell incub ... | 2009 | 19358892 |
| effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of bonamia ostreae, a parasite infecting flat oysters ostrea edulis. | bonamiosis due to the intrahaemocytic protistan parasite bonamia ostreae is a european endemic disease affecting the flat oyster ostrea edulis. the parasite has been described in various ecosystems from estuaries to open sea, but no clear correlation has yet been demonstrated between disease development and environmental parameters. in this study, the effect of temperature and salinity on the survival of purified parasites maintained in vitro in seawater was investigated by flow cytometry. purif ... | 2009 | 19593935 |
| molecular detection and quantification of the protozoan bonamia ostreae in the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protozoan which is recognized as a cause of mortality in european populations of flat oysters (ostrea edulis). based on the recent characterization of actin genes of b. ostreae, specific primers were designed for real-time pcr using sybr green chemistry. specificity was demonstrated by the unique melting temperature peak observed in positive samples and by the lack of amplification in samples of oysters infected by closely related parasites, including bonamia ... | 2009 | 19596439 |
| brominated dioxins (pbdd/fs) and pbdes in marine shellfish in the uk. | the occurrence of brominated dioxins (pbdd/fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) was investigated in commonly consumed species of marine shellfish in the uk. individual samples of pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas), native oysters (ostrea edulis), mussels (mytilus edulis), scallops (pecten maximus), and cockles (cerastoderma edule) were collected from different coastal regions between 2006 and 2007. samples of a particular species from each site were composited and 60 samples were anal ... | 2009 | 19680967 |
| observation of a bonamia sp. infecting the oyster ostrea stentina in tunisia, and a consideration of its phylogenetic affinities. | the small non-commercial oyster ostrea stentina co-occurs with commercially important ostrea edulis in the mediterranean sea, yet its disposition with respect to the destructive pathogens bonamia ostreae and marteilia refringens is unknown. we began an evaluation of the bonamia spp. infection status of o. stentina from hammamet, tunisia, in june 2007 using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics followed by histology and in situ hybridization. of 85 o. stentina sampled, nine were pcr-positive for ... | 2010 | 20036670 |
| mitochondrial and nuclear dna analysis of genetic heterogeneity among recruitment cohorts of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | marine species with high fecundity and high early mortality may also have high variance in reproductive success among individuals due to stochastic factors, making successful reproduction a "sweepstakes." in some cases, the impact is sufficient to reduce the effective number of breeders in wild populations. we tested two predictions of the sweepstakes reproductive success hypothesis in a french atlantic population of the european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, by evaluating (1) whether individuals ... | 2009 | 20040748 |
| observations raise the question if the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, can act as either a carrier or a reservoir for bonamia ostreae or bonamia exitiosa. | this study investigated the ability of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, to act as a carrier or reservoir of the protistan bonamia ostreae. studies were carried out independently in ireland and in spain. naïve c. gigas were exposed to b. ostreae both in the field and in the laboratory via natural exposure or experimental injection. naïve flat oysters, ostrea edulis, were placed in tanks with previously exposed c. gigas. oysters were screened for b. ostreae by examination of ventricular hear ... | 2010 | 20388237 |
| detection of bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa (haplosporidia) in ostrea edulis from the adriatic sea (italy). | the flat oyster ostrea edulis l. is widespread along the italian coasts. in particular, the manfredonia gulf (adriatic sea) represents an important site where natural beds subsist. previous monitoring conducted in 1990 by light microscopy and ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of bonamia-like microcell parasites in some flat oysters: following this observation, a new sampling of o. edulis was carried out at this location in 2007. of 750 oysters collected, 3 showed the presence of unin ... | 2010 | 20391915 |
| identification of genes from flat oyster ostrea edulis as suitable housekeeping genes for quantitative real time pcr. | bonamia ostreae is an intrahaemocytic protozoan affecting ostrea edulis. the parasite multiplies within haemocytes without being degraded and involves changes in cellular activities. studies aiming at better understanding host response to a pathogen at the transcriptome levels are frequently based on the use of real time pcr assays, which require some reference genes. however, very few sequence data is available for o. edulis in public databases. subtracted cdna libraries were constructed from t ... | 2010 | 20696253 |
| domoic acid--a new toxin in the croatian adriatic shellfish toxin profile. | this is the first study that presents concentrations of domoic acid detected in the whole shellfish tissue from breeding and harvesting areas along the croatian coast of the adriatic sea during the period 2006 to 2008. shellfish sample analyses after sax cleaning procedures, using a uv-dad-hplc system, showed the presence of domoic acid in four species. the most prevalent of those species were the blue mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis), followed by european flat oyster (ostrea edulis), mediterr ... | 2010 | 20938398 |
| molecular responses of ostrea edulis haemocytes to an in vitro infection with bonamia ostreae. | bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae is a disease affecting the flat oyster ostrea edulis. b. ostreae is a protozoan, affiliated to the order of haplosporidia and to the cercozoan phylum. this parasite is mainly intracellular, infecting haemocytes, cells notably involved in oyster defence mechanisms. suppression subtractive hybridisation (ssh) was carried out in order to identify oyster genes differentially expressed during an infection of haemocytes with b. ostreae. forward and revers ... | 2010 | 21073892 |
| comparison of antibacterial activity in the hemolymph of marine bivalves from galicia (nw spain). | a screening study of in vitro antibacterial activity was conducted in marine bivalves with economical importance and widespread along the coast of galicia (nw spain). hemocyte lysate supernatant (hls) and plasma of mytilus galloprovincialis, ostrea edulis, crassostrea gigas, ruditapes decussatus, ruditapes philippinarum, and cerastoderma edule were incubated with vibrio splendidus and micrococcus sp. hls and plasma for all the species demonstrated antibacterial activity, and c. edule had the hig ... | 2010 | 21134379 |
| can the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae infect larvae of flat oysters ostrea edulis? | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protistan parasite affecting flat oysters ostrea edulis. it can be detected in juveniles but mortalities mainly affect oysters which are more than 2 years old. the parasite is usually observed inside haemocytes and sometimes free, notably in gill epithelia suggesting a parasite release through this organ. however, the infective form and ways of entry and release remain undetermined. flat oysters incubate their larvae in their pallial cavity for 8-10 days befor ... | 2011 | 21334809 |
| cellular and molecular responses of haemocytes from ostrea edulis during in vitro infection by the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan, affiliated to the order haplosporidia and to the phylum cercozoa. this parasite is intracellular and infects haemocytes, cells notably involved in oyster defence mechanisms. bonamiosis due to the parasite b. ostreae is a disease affecting the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. the strategies used by protozoan parasites to circumvent host defence mechanisms remain largely unknown in marine bivalve molluscs. in the present work, in vitro experiments were carried out in ord ... | 2011 | 21447342 |
| characterization of 27 microsatellite loci in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | the flat oyster ostrea edulis is native to europe and populations have been severely depleted by the parasite bonamia ostreae since the 1980s. additional genetic markers are required to improve population genetics study and linkage map development for selection for b. ostrea-resistance in this species. here, we characterized 27 novel microsatellite loci for o. edulis. number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 25 and observed heterozygosity between 0.375 and 1. null alleles were suggested at a ... | 2009 | 21564805 |
| norovirus, hepatitis a virus and enterovirus presence in shellfish from high quality harvesting areas in portugal. | this is the first report on the screening of shellfish from portugal for the presence of human enteropathogenic viruses. approximately 2000 shellfish (curbicula fluminea, ruditapes decussatus, tellina crassa, spisula solida, dosinia exoleta, ensis spp., mytilus spp., ostrea edulis and cerastoderma edule), organized in 49 batches, were collected between march 2008 and february 2009. they were tested for norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav) and enterovirus (ev) by rt-pcr followed by nucleotide ... | 2011 | 21569936 |
| detection of the oyster herpesvirus in commercial bivalve in northern california, usa: conventional and quantitative pcr. | the ostreid herpesvirus (oshv-1) and related oyster herpesviruses (oshv) are associated with world-wide mortalities of larval and juvenile bivalves. to quantify oshv viral loads in mollusc tissues, we developed a sybr green quantitative pcr (qpcr) based on the a-region of the oshv-1 genome. reaction efficiency and precision were demonstrated using a plasmid standard curve. the analytical sensitivity is 1 copy per reaction. we collected crassostrea gigas, c. sikamea, c. virginica, ostrea edulis, ... | 2011 | 21648239 |
| identification and expression of immune genes in the flat oyster ostrea edulis in response to bonamiosis. | the european flat ostrea edulis is highly susceptible to infection by the protozoan bonamia ostreae and bonamia exitiosa, intracellular parasites able to survive and proliferate within the oyster haemocytes. the parasite, once phagocytosed by the haemocyte, the main cellular effector of the immune system, appears to have some counter mechanism that turns off the haemocyte's metabolic destructive capacity, so that the parasite survives within the cell. to further understand the molecular basis of ... | 2012 | 22085815 |
| comparison of haemocytic parameters among flat oyster ostrea edulis stocks with different susceptibility to bonamiosis and the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. | farming of the flat oyster ostrea edulis in europe is severely constrained by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. the introduction of the resistant species crassostrea gigas has been a relief for the farmers, while the pilot programmes to select o. edulis strains resistant to bonamiosis performed in various countries can be seen as a promising strategy to minimise the effects of bonamiosis. however, the physiological bases of this differential susceptibility remain unknown. a search for an explanatio ... | 2012 | 22245470 |
| fatty acid components of larval ostrea edulis (l.): importance of triacylglycerols as a fatty acid reserve. | 1. the fatty acid profiles of all of the acyl-lipid classes of 1- and 10-day-old european oyster ostrea edulis (l.) larvae were studied in detail by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. 2. no significant changes in the fatty acids were detected between the different larval stages. 3. total lipid fatty acids showed a higher degree of unsaturation than previously reported. this may be a consequence of the extraction of lipids from the living tissues without sample storage. 4. one-third of the tria ... | 2011 | 3248373 |
| detection of bonamia exitiosa in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis in southern portugal. | | 2016 | 26096446 |
| species-specific oligonucleotide probe for detection of bonamia exitiosa (haplosporidia) using in situ hybridisation assay. | bonamiosis is a disease affecting various oyster species and causing oyster mass mortalities worldwide. the protozoans bonamia exitiosa and b. ostreae (haplosporidia) are included in the list of notifiable diseases of the world organisation for animal health as the causative agents of this disease. although the geographic range of both species was considered different for years, both species are now known to co-occur in some european areas affecting the same host, ostrea edulis, which strengthen ... | 2014 | 25060500 |
| detection of bonamia exitiosa (haplosporidia) in european flat oysters ostrea edulis cultivated in mainland britain. | following a reported mortality event of european flat oysters ostrea edulis in southwestern england in december 2010, a sample of 30 oysters was examined using histology and molecular techniques. histological examination of the oysters revealed the presence of microcell stages in the haemocytes and connective tissues of 3 out of the 30 animals examined. one animal showing marked haemocyte infiltration of the connective tissues was considered to be infected with bonamia ostreae based on the prese ... | 2013 | 24113250 |
| bonamia exitiosa (haplosporidia) observed infecting the european flat oyster ostrea edulis cultured on the spanish mediterranean coast. | bonamia exitiosa and bonamia ostreae are parasites that reproduce within the haemocytes of several oyster species. in europe, the host species is the flat oyster ostrea edulis. the parasite b. ostreae has been responsible for mortalities since the late 1970s throughout the european atlantic coast. b. exitiosa was first detected, in 2007, on this continent in flat oysters cultured in galicia (nw spain). since then, the parasite has also been detected in france, italy and the united kingdom. the b ... | 2012 | 22465568 |
| construction of an ostrea edulis database from genomic and expressed sequence tags (ests) obtained from bonamia ostreae infected haemocytes: development of an immune-enriched oligo-microarray. | the flat oyster, ostrea edulis, is one of the main farmed oysters, not only in europe but also in the united states and canada. bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae has been associated with high mortality episodes in this species. this parasite is an intracellular protozoan that infects haemocytes, the main cells involved in oyster defence. due to the economical and ecological importance of flat oyster, genomic data are badly needed for genetic improvement of the species, but they are ... | 2016 | 27815201 |
| flat oyster follows the apoptosis pathway to defend against the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. | the in vitro model ostrea edulis hemocyte - bonamia ostreae is interesting to investigate host-parasite interactions at the cellular level. indeed, this unicellular parasite infects the flat oyster ostrea edulis and multiplies within hemocytes, the central effectors of oyster defenses. apoptosis is a mechanism used by many organisms to eliminate infected cells. in order to study the potential involvement of this mechanism in the oyster response to b. ostreae, in vitro experiments were carried ou ... | 2016 | 27431587 |
| investigating the significance of the role of ostrea edulis larvae in the transmission and transfer of bonamia ostreae. | in this study, the ability of oyster larvae, brooded in the pallial cavity of the parent oyster, to become infected in the pallial fluid, which is influenced by the brooding oyster and surrounding environment, was investigated. larvae were collected over three summers from three areas around ireland. samples were screened for the presence of bonamia ostreae dna using pcr analysis. four samples of larvae were found to be positive for b. ostreae dna, though the parent oysters were negative for inf ... | 2016 | 26880159 |
| screening of repetitive motifs inside the genome of the flat oyster (ostrea edulis): transposable elements and short tandem repeats. | the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) is one of the most appreciated molluscs in europe, but its production has been greatly reduced by the parasite bonamia ostreae. here, new generation genomic resources were used to analyse the repetitive fraction of the oyster genome, with the aim of developing molecular markers to face this main oyster production challenge. the resulting oyster database, consists of two sets of 10,318 and 7159 unique contigs (4.8 mbp and 6.8 mbp in total length) representing the o ... | 2015 | 26341181 |
| oral immunostimulation of the oyster ostrea edulis: impacts on the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bioactive compounds were orally administered to the native european oyster ostrea edulis to evaluate the immune response and the progression of infection of the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. the immunostimulants lipopolysaccharide and zymosan directly administrated to the water column induced an increase in lysozyme activity and the percentage of granulocytes in naïve oysters over a period of 7 days. in another set of experiments, zymosan and curdlan were microencapsulated in alginate and ... | 2015 | 25652290 |
| oyster parasites bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa co-occur in galicia (nw spain): spatial distribution and infection dynamics. | bonamiosis constrains the flat oyster industry worldwide. the protistan species bonamia ostreae had been considered solely responsible for this disease in europe, but the report of b. exitiosa infecting ostrea edulis 5 yr ago in galicia (nw spain), and subsequently in other european countries, raised the question of the relevance of each species in bonamiosis. the spatial distribution of b. exitiosa and b. ostreae in galicia was addressed by sampling 7 natural o. edulis beds and 3 culture raft a ... | 2014 | 25060504 |
| thirty-year history of irish (rossmore) ostrea edulis selectively bred for disease resistance to bonamia ostreae. | the protistan pathogen bonamia ostreae was first detected in ostrea edulis at rossmore, cork harbour, on the south coast of ireland in 1987. a selective breeding programme commenced in 1988 by atlantic shellfish ltd. to produce b. ostreae-resistant oysters using 3 to 4 yr old survivors as broodstock for controlled spawning in land-based spatting ponds. on-growing of oyster spat settled on mussel cultch was carried out on designated beds within cork harbour. oyster production subsequently increas ... | 2014 | 25060503 |
| epidemiology of bonamia in the uk, 1982 to 2012. | bonamiasis, caused by bonamia ostreae, was confirmed in native flat oysters ostrea edulis l. in england in 1982. hudson & hill (1991; aquaculture 93:279-285) documented investigations into the initial spread of the disease in wild and cultivated stocks of native oysters in the uk. they also described the controls that were initially applied to prevent the further spread of the pathogen. this paper reports on subsequent controls and associated monitoring applied in the uk and reports on the epide ... | 2014 | 25060502 |
| interlaboratory variability in screening for bonamia ostreae, a protistan parasite of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | the spread of the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae is of major concern to the european flat oyster ostrea edulis industry. many studies have looked at the sensitivity of individual methods available to screen for b. ostreae, but in this study, 3 separate laboratories examined 4 methods of diagnosis currently used routinely in laboratories: heart imprints, histology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in situ hybridisation (ish). the results were compared to estimate interlaboratory variabilit ... | 2014 | 25060501 |
| role of micrornas in the immunity process of the flat oyster ostrea edulis against bonamiosis. | micrornas (mirnas) are small (∼22nt) non-coding regulatory single strand rna molecules that reduce stability and/or translation of sequence-complementary target. mirnas are a key component of gene regulatory networks and have been involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. many mirnas are broadly conserved among the animal lineages and even between invertebrates and vertebrates. the european flat oyster ostrea edulis is high ... | 2014 | 25008434 |
| detection and characterization of bonamia ostreae in ostrea edulis imported to china. | the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae is a destructive pathogen of flat oysters and has been reported to be widespread in europe and north america. the biological characteristics of this unicellular parasite are still not fully understood. in this study, 104 ostrea edulis imported from the usa to the guangdong province of china for consumption were examined for bonamia infection. pcr assay, combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequencing and blast analysis, showed that b. ost ... | 2013 | 24062556 |
| species-specific diagnostic assays for bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa in european flat oyster ostrea edulis: conventional, real-time and multiplex pcr. | bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa have caused mass mortalities of various oyster species around the world and co-occur in some european areas. the world organisation for animal health (oie) has included infections with both species in the list of notifiable diseases. however, official methods for species-specific diagnosis of either parasite have certain limitations. in this study, new species-specific conventional pcr (cpcr) and real-time pcr techniques were developed to diagnose each parasite sp ... | 2013 | 23709468 |
| heat shock protein 90 of bonamia ostreae: characterization and possible correlation with infection of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. | in this study, we described the cytosolic hsp90 of bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite of ostrea edulis hemocytes. the complete open reading frame was assembled by rapid amplification cdna ends reactions on cdna of b. ostreae-infected hemocytes. hsp90 amplification was corroborated in infected oysters and b. ostreae purified cells. the functionality of the hsp90, studied by inhibitory assays with radicicol, suggests that this protein may play a role in hemocyte invasion. our results infor ... | 2013 | 23489327 |
| new insights in flat oyster ostrea edulis resistance against the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae has been associated with massive mortality in flat oyster stocks in europe. control of the disease currently relies on disease management practices and transfer restriction. previously, massal selections based on survival to challenge to infection with b. ostreae have been applied to produce flat oyster families with resistant progeny. in an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in disease resistance, differentially expressed seque ... | 2012 | 22406616 |
| the occurrence of haplosporidian parasites, haplosporidium nelsoni and haplosporidium sp., in oysters in ireland. | the phylum haplosporidia is a group of obligate protozoan parasites that infect a number of freshwater and marine invertebrates. haplosporidian parasites have caused significant mortalities in commercially important shellfish species worldwide. in this study, haplosporidia were detected in pacific oysters crassostrea gigas originating in ireland and were subsequently identified independently in laboratories both in ireland and in spain as haplosporidium nelsoni. in ireland, h. nelsoni plasmodia ... | 2013 | 23238163 |
| bioaccumulation efficiency, tissue distribution, and environmental occurrence of hepatitis e virus in bivalve shellfish from france. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an enteric pathogen of both humans and animals, is excreted by infected individuals and is therefore present in wastewaters and coastal waters. as bivalve molluscan shellfish are known to concentrate viral particles during the process of filter feeding, they may accumulate this virus. the bioaccumulation efficiencies of oysters (crassostrea gigas), flat oysters (ostrea edulis), mussels (mytilus edulis), and clams (ruditapes philippinarum) were compared at different time ... | 2014 | 24795382 |
| detection of marteilia refringens infecting the european flat oyster ostrea edulis and the dwarf oyster ostrea stentina in southern portugal and spain. | in the present study, marteilia sp. was detected by histological examination and in situ hybridisation in ostrea edulis and ostrea stentina collected in southern iberian peninsula. marteilia refringens dna was detected by pcr in o. edulis (collected in southern portugal) and o. stentina (collected in southern spain and portugal). sequencing analysis revealed the presence of m. refringens type o in o. edulis, and type o and m in o. stentina. this is the first confirmed detection of m. refringens ... | 2015 | 26149820 |
| new data on perkinsus mediterraneus in the balearic archipelago: locations and affected species. | perkinsus mediterraneus, a protozoan parasite that can cause perkinsosis (marine mollusc disease), was first detected in oysters ostrea edulis from mahon (minorca, balearic islands, spain) in 2004. several years later it was also found in andratx harbour (majorca, balearic islands) and in the gulf of manfredonia (adriatic coast of italy) in oyster populations. since 2007, perkinsus surveys have been conducted in different localities and shellfish species in the balearic archipelago. in the prese ... | 2014 | 25392044 |
| contribution to the understanding of the cycle of the protozoan parasite marteilia refringens. | the paramyxean parasite marteilia refringens infects several bivalve species including european flat oysters ostrea edulis and mediterranean mussels mytilus galloprovincialis. sequence polymorphism allowed definition of three parasite types 'm', 'o' and 'c' preferably detected in oysters, mussels and cockles respectively. transmission of the infection from infected bivalves to copepods paracartia grani could be experimentally achieved but assays from copepods to bivalves failed. in order to cont ... | 2014 | 24128728 |
| characterization of the protozoan parasite marteilia refringens infecting the dwarf oyster ostrea stentina in tunisia. | marteilia refringens is a protozoan parasite recognized as a significant pathogen of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. the life cycle of this species is still poorly known, although there is evidence of the need for intermediate host(s). in the present study, we have used molecular approaches to identify this parasite in samples of the dwarf oyster ostrea stentina after reports of massive mortality along the tunisian coasts. in 2009 we evaluated the status of o. stentina from monastir and ... | 2013 | 23219430 |
| a marteilia-like parasite in blue mussels mytilus edulis in china. | species of the genus marteilia (phylum paramyxea) are protozoan parasites of marine mollusks. marteilia spp. have been detected in mollusks from different parts of the world, but the presence of these parasites in china has not been previously reported. therefore, a survey was conducted to look for the presence of marteilia spp. in blue mussels mytilus edulis and asian green mussels perna viridis collected along china's coasts. histological and pcr analyses revealed that 5 of 180 m. edulis (prev ... | 2012 | 22897134 |
| nocardiosis in mediterranean bivalves: first detection of nocardia crassostreae in a new host mytilus galloprovincialis and in ostrea edulis from the gulf of naples (italy). | in this work m. galloprovincialis and o. edulis specimens were surveyed for a pathological study in the gulf of naples (mediterranean sea, campania region, southern italy). clusters of nocardia sp.-like cells were observed in histological slides. pcr amplification, sequencing and in situ hybridization were carried out in order to corroborate nocardia species identification for both hosts. blast results showed a 99% of maximum identity with nocardia crassostreae sequences in genbank. this is the ... | 2013 | 24140500 |
| development of a real-time pcr for detection of the oyster pathogen nocardia crassostreae based on its homogeneous 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region. | nocardia crassostreae, the causative agent of pacific oyster nocardiosis (pon), is a gram-positive actinomycete bacterium associated with pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) mortalities. oysters infected with this bacterium have been reported previously from the west coast of north america and japan. more recently, n. crassostreae was reported in oyster culture areas in the netherlands. in this study, a sensitive real-time pcr for specific detection of n. crassostreae was developed, and the intra ... | 2013 | 23876658 |
| experimental infection of european flat oyster ostrea edulis with ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvar (oshv-1μvar): mortality, viral load and detection of viral transcripts by in situ hybridization. | ostreid herpesvirus 1 (oshv-1) infections have been reported in several bivalve species. mortality of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas spat has increased considerably in europe since 2008 linked to the spread of a variant of oshv-1 called μvar. in the present study we demonstrated that o. edulis juveniles can be infected by oshv-1μvar when administered as an intramuscular injection. mortality in the oysters injected with oshv-1μvar was first detected 4 days after injection and reached 25% mortal ... | 2016 | 26945849 |
| summer mortalities and detection of ostreid herpesvirus microvariant in pacific oyster crassostrea gigas in sweden and norway. | the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas has recently expanded its range in scandinavia. the expansion is presumably a result of northwards larval drift. massive settlements were recorded in many areas along the swedish west coast and southern norway in 2013 and 2014. after the spawning season in 2014, the temperature of the surface water peaked at 24-26°c. after this period, high and sudden mortalities occurred in a swedish hatchery and in wild populations along the swedish west coast and south coa ... | 2016 | 26758650 |
| update of information on perkinsosis in nw mediterranean coast: identification of perkinsus spp. (protista) in new locations and hosts. | this study addressed perkinsosis in commercially important mollusc species in the western mediterranean area. perkinsus olseni was found in santa gilla lagoon (sardinia) infecting ruditapes decussatus, cerastoderma glaucum and venerupis aurea, in balearic islands infecting venus verrucosa and in delta de l'ebre (ne spain) parasitising ruditapes philippinarum and r. decussatus. perkinsus mediterraneus was detected infecting ostrea edulis from the gulf of manfredonia (se italy) and alacant (e spai ... | 2015 | 25553580 |
| increased survival of juvenile turbot scophthalmus maximus by using bacteria associated with cultured oysters. | preventing vibriosis in juvenile cultured turbot scophthalmus maximus caused by vibrio anguillarum frequently requires the use of feed supplemented with antibiotics in addition to vaccines. whether the use of probiotics instead of antibiotics in juvenile turbot is a safer strategy requires more study. the antibacterial potential of 148 vibrio spp. strains (mostly isolated from cultures of healthy oysters, clams, and turbot) was analyzed in vitro against v. anguillarum and other pathogens by mean ... | 2014 | 25361445 |