| comparative aspects of circadian rhythms in homeotherms, re-entrainment after phase shifts of the zeitgeber. | re-entrainment of circadian activity of 3 avian species (fringillidae: fringilla coelebs, carduelis chloris, pyrrhula pyrrhula) and 4 mammalian species (rodentia: eutamias sibiricus, funambulus pennanti, glis glis, mesocricetus auratus), subjected to 12:12 h light-dark (ld) cycles as zeitgeber, was studied after shifting the ld cycle by different amounts (hours) and in different directions (advances and delays). the properties of the zeitgeber were changed by varying light intensity during dark- ... | 1978 | 700901 |
| [comparative study on the uropygial gland lipids of the greenfinch (carduelis chloris), bullfinch (pyrrhula pyrrhula) and the linnet (carduelis cannabina)]. | | 1971 | 4401890 |
| [distribution of monoamine fluorophores in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of carduelis chloris and anas platyrhynchos]. | | 1969 | 5355849 |
| accumulation of cadmium, copper and zinc in the liver of some passerine species wintering in central norway. | the concentration (mg kg-1 dry weight) of cadmium (cd), copper (cu) and zinc (zn) in the liver of parus palustris, p. montanus, p. major, carduelis chloris and pyrrhula pyrrhula was determined in birds collected in october-march, 1992-1995, in central norway. this study is especially focused on interspecific and age-dependent variations. the metal concentrations in liver are generally higher for adults than for juveniles, and there is an accumulation of cd in the parus species during winter. the ... | 1996 | 8633220 |
| structural conservation and variation in the mitochondrial control region of fringilline finches (fringilla spp.) and the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). | we sequenced the entire control region and portions of flanking genes (trna(phe), trna(glu), and nd6) in the common chaffinch (fringilla coelebs), blue chaffinch (f. teydea), brambling (f. montifringilla), and greenfinch (carduelis chloris). in these finches the control region is similar in length (1,223-1,237 bp) and has the same flanking gene order as in other birds, and contains a putative tas element and the highly conserved csb-1 and f, d, and c boxes recognizable in most vertebrates. clove ... | 1997 | 9029795 |
| the avian somatosensory system: the pathway from wing to wulst in a passerine (chloris chloris). | the organization of the wing component of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway, and somatosensory projections from the thalamus to the wulst, are described for an oscine member of the major group of birds, the passeriformes. wing primary afferents terminate throughout the cervical spinal cord, but between the brachial enlargement and the spino-medullary junction, they are confined to medial lamina v. within the medulla, terminations extend rostrally and laterally to occupy the cuneate (cu) ... | 1997 | 9219870 |
| feather mites, pectoral muscle condition, wing length and plumage coloration of passerines. | i compared the feather mite (acari, proctophyllodidae) loads of moulting birds with features of the new plumage that they were growing. i examined 21 samples, each sample containing individuals of the same species, sex and age class (juvenile, yearling or adult). i used nine species: wren, troglodytes troglodytes; dunnock, prunella modularis; robin, erithacus rubecula; blue tit, parus caeruleus; great tit, p. major; chaffinch, fringilla coelebs; greenfinch, carduelis chloris; linnet, c. cannabin ... | 1999 | 10479371 |
| the effects of testosterone on a viral infection in greenfinches (carduelis chloris): an experimental test of the immunocompetence-handicap hypothesis. | the immunocompetence-handicap hypothesis suggests that the honesty of quality signals could be guaranteed if testosterone (t) suppresses immune function while enhancing male ornaments. in addition, it has been proposed that the cost of enhancing ornaments should be highest for males with small ornaments. recently, the assertion that t causes obligate immunosuppression has been questioned. in this study, we tested whether elevated t levels would increase susceptibility to a viral infection, and w ... | 2001 | 11209893 |
| epidemiologic and pathologic aspects of salmonella typhimurium infection in passerine birds in norway. | septicemic salmonellosis caused by salmonella typhimurium 4, 12: i:1, 2 was diagnosed in 94 (64.8%) of 145 small passerines comprising nine species, examined in norway during 1999-2000. the birds were found dead at private feeding places throughout the country. the bullfinch (pyrrhula pyrrhula), eurasian siskin (carduelis spinus), common redpoll (carduelis flammea), and eurasian greenfinch (carduelis chloris) were the most frequently affected species. pathologic findings in 94 carcasses included ... | 2003 | 12685069 |
| exposure of garden birds to aflatoxins in britain. | aflatoxins are potent biological toxins that have been shown to exert a range of acute and chronic pathological effects. multiple mortality events of waterfowl caused by acute aflatoxicosis have been documented in the usa. however, international concern has recently been expressed regarding the potential effects of chronic exposure of wildlife species to low levels of dietary aflatoxin. this study documents for the first time the presence of hepatic aflatoxin residues in british wild birds: two ... | 2006 | 16271383 |
| isolation of different serovars of salmonella enterica from wild birds in great britain between 1995 and 2003. | postmortem examinations were carried out on the carcases of 779 wild birds. salmonellosis was a common cause of death in greenfinches (carduelis chloris), house sparrows (passer domesticus) and chaffinches (fringilla coelebs), and was also responsible for the deaths of other birds such as goldfinches (carduelis carduelis), feral pigeons and different species of gulls. most cases of salmonellosis in finches occurred between january and march, whereas salmonellosis in house sparrows tended to occu ... | 2006 | 16782854 |
| antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches. | costs accompanying immune challenges are believed to play an important role in life-history trade-offs and warranting the honesty of signal traits. we performed an experiment in captive greenfinches (carduelis chloris l.) in order to test whether and how humoral immune challenge with non-pathogenic antigen [sheep red blood cells (srbc)] affects parameters of individual condition including intensity of coccidian infection, estimates of total antioxidant protection, plasma carotenoids and ability ... | 2006 | 17050848 |
| lymphoplasmacytic myenteric, subepicardial, and pulmonary ganglioneuritis in four nonpsittacine birds. | a disease condition with clinical and pathologic findings compatible with psittacine proventricular dilatation disease was diagnosed in a canary (serinus canaria), a greenfinch (carduelis chloris), a long-wattled umbrellabird (cephalopterus penduliger), and a bearded barbet (lybius dubius). the canary and the greenfinch were kept as pets by different owners, whereas the bearded barbet and the long-wattled umbrellabird were kept in separate mixed species enclosures at the barcelona zoo. clinical ... | 2007 | 18087938 |
| spontaneous toxoplasmosis in canaries (serinus canaria) and other small passerine cage birds. | an outbreak of spontaneous toxoplasma gondii infection on an italian bird-farm is described. small passerine birds (serinus canaria, carduelis chloris, carduelis carduelis, carduelis spinus, carduelis cannabina, pyrrhula pyrrhula) showed clinical signs consisting of anorexia, prostration, weight loss, diarrhoea and dyspnoea accompanied by a high mortality rate. clinical, pathological, biological and serological investigations were performed. characteristic lesions and toxoplasma gondii specimens ... | 1986 | 18766519 |
| plasmodium relictum (lineage p-sgs1): further observation of effects on experimentally infected passeriform birds, with remarks on treatment with malarone. | plasmodium relictum (lineage p-sgs1) is a widespread malaria parasite that causes disease of different severity in different species of birds. however, experimental studies on the effects of this parasite on avian hosts are uncommon. we investigated development of this lineage in experimentally infected greenfinches carduelis chloris and compared the obtained data with the literature information about the virulence of the same parasite lineage for phylogenetically closely related bird species. w ... | 2009 | 19545566 |
| first report of epizootic trichomoniasis in wild finches (family fringillidae) in southern fennoscandia. | forty-one outbreaks of mortality in wild finches were reported in southern norway, sweden, and finland in the second half of 2008 (n = 40) and in february 2009 (n = 1). greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and occasional chaffinches (fringilla coelebs) primarily were affected. forty-eight greenfinches, eight chaffinches, one hawfinch (coccothraustes coccothraustes), and one blue tit (parus caeruleus) from 22 incidents were examined postmortem. birds were in poor nutritional condition and had necroti ... | 2010 | 20408413 |
| emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common british birds. | emerging infectious diseases are increasingly cited as threats to wildlife, livestock and humans alike. they can threaten geographically isolated or critically endangered wildlife populations; however, relatively few studies have clearly demonstrated the extent to which emerging diseases can impact populations of common wildlife species. here, we report the impact of an emerging protozoal disease on british populations of greenfinch carduelis chloris and chaffinch fringilla coelebs, two of the m ... | 2010 | 20805869 |
| epidemiology of salmonellosis in garden birds in england and wales, 1993 to 2003. | salmonellosis has been reported as an important cause of mortality of garden birds in several countries, including norway and scotland. we investigated the frequency of the disease in garden birds submitted for postmortem examination by members of the public in england and wales between 1993 and 2003, inclusive. we found salmonellosis to be the most frequent cause of death due to infectious disease in the garden birds submitted. this disease was confirmed in 7 of the 45 bird species that were ex ... | 2010 | 20945078 |
| effects of chronic leptin administration on nitric oxide production and immune responsiveness of greenfinches. | leptin and nitric oxide (no) are both important messengers in intra- and intercellular communication systems in vertebrates. several studies have demonstrated an involvement of both substances in the immune response. here we tested the effects of chronic leptin and anti-leptin treatments on the no production and phytohaemagglutinin- (pha) induced cutaneous inflammatory response in a wild passerine, the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). plasma leptin levels of individual birds were consistent in ti ... | 2011 | 21216301 |
| behavioural trait covaries with immune responsiveness in a wild passerine. | immune system is highly integrated with the nervous and endocrine systems, which is thought to result in covariation between behavioural syndromes and stress- and immune-associated diseases. very little is known about the associations between behaviour and immune traits in wild animals. here we describe such an association in passerine birds, the greenfinches (carduelis chloris). when wild-caught greenfinches are brought into captivity, some individuals damage their tail feathers against cage wa ... | 2011 | 21473910 |
| a clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae is the aetiologic agent of an emerging avian epidemic disease. | trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that is well characterised as a cause of trichomonosis in columbid and raptor species world-wide. the parasite emerged as a novel infection of british passerines in 2005, leading to epidemic mortality associated with significant declines of breeding populations of greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and chaffinches (fringilla coelebs). we characterised the extent of t. gallinae genotypic heterogeneity within the affected wild british avifauna by analysin ... | 2011 | 21712099 |
| evidence of spread of the emerging infectious disease, finch trichomonosis, by migrating birds. | finch trichomonosis emerged in great britain in 2005 and led to epidemic mortality and a significant population decline of greenfinches, carduelis chloris and chaffinches, fringilla coelebs, in the central and western counties of england and wales in the autumn of 2006. in this article, we show continued epidemic spread of the disease with a pronounced shift in geographical distribution towards eastern england in 2007. this was followed by international spread to southern fennoscandia where case ... | 2011 | 21935745 |
| effects of endotoxin and psychological stress on redox physiology, immunity and feather corticosterone in greenfinches. | assessment of costs accompanying activation of immune system and related neuroendocrine pathways is essential for understanding the selective forces operating on these systems. here we attempted to detect such costs in terms of disruption to redox balance and interference between different immune system components in captive wild-caught greenfinches (carduelis chloris). study birds were subjected to an endotoxin-induced inflammatory challenge and temporary exposure to a psychological stressor (a ... | 2013 | 23805316 |
| the emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the british isles. | finch trichomonosis, caused by the protozoal parasite trichomonas gallinae, was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of british passerines in 2005. the first year of seasonal epidemic mortality occurred in 2006 with significant declines of greenfinch carduelis chloris and chaffinch fringilla coelebs populations. here, we demonstrate that large-scale mortality, principally of greenfinch, continued in subsequent years, 2007-2009, with a shifting geographical distribution across the b ... | 0 | 22966140 |
| host status of seven weed species and their effects on ditylenchus destructor infestation of peanut. | the host suitability to ditylenchus destructor of seven common weed species in peanut (arachis hypogaea) fields in south africa was determined. based on the number of nematodes per root unit, white goosefoot (chenopodium album), feathertop chloris (chloris virgata), purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus), jimson weed (datura stramonium), goose grass (eleusine indica), khaki weed (tagetes minuta), and cocklebur (xanthium strumarium) were poor hosts. ditylenchus destructor survived on all weed species ... | 1990 | 19287723 |
| detection of the european epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae in finches, but not other non-columbiformes, in the absence of macroscopic disease. | finch trichomonosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting european passerines caused by a clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae. migrating chaffinches (fringilla coelebs) were proposed as the likely vector of parasite spread from great britain to fennoscandia. to test for such parasite carriage, we screened samples of oesophagus/crop from 275 apodiform, passeriform and piciform birds (40 species) which had no macroscopic evidence of trichomonosis (i.e. necrotic ingluvitis). these birds wer ... | 2016 | 27180976 |
| multi-locus sequence typing confirms the clonality of trichomonas gallinae isolates circulating in european finches. | in recent years, trichomonas gallinae emerged as the causative agent of an infectious disease of passerine birds in europe leading to epidemic mortality of especially greenfinches chloris chloris and chaffinches fringilla coelebs. after the appearance of finch trichomonosis in the uk and fennoscandia, the disease spread to central europe. finch trichomonosis first reached austria and slovenia in 2012. in the present study the genetic heterogeneity of t. gallinae isolates from incidents in austri ... | 2014 | 24476813 |
| the seroprevalence of avipoxvirus and its association with avian malaria (plasmodium spp.) infection in introduced passerine birds in the southern regions of the north island of new zealand. | blood samples were collected from 65 free-ranging birds from six species in the southern north island of new zealand. sera from the birds were tested for the presence of avipoxvirus (apv) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and blood cells from 55 birds were also tested for plasmodium spp. by pcr. forty-five birds (69.2%) tested seropositive to apv. song thrushes (turdus philomelos) presented the highest seroprevalence at 100% (4/4), followed by eurasian blackbirds (turdus m ... | 2013 | 23678738 |
| the phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (fringillidae). | phylogenetic relationships among the true finches (fringillidae) have been confounded by the recurrence of similar plumage patterns and use of similar feeding niches. using a dense taxon sampling and a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences we reconstructed a well resolved and strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for this family. we identified three well supported, subfamily level clades: the holoarctic genus fringilla (subfamly fringillinae), the neotropical euphonia and chlor ... | 2012 | 22023825 |
| [the infradian rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and related periodicity of feather replacement during the molting in passerine birds]. | in the course of 15 days, the thyroxine and corticosterone level was measured daily in blood serum of molting starlings, sturnus vulgaris, by use of enzyme immunodetection method. revealed are three-day rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and four-day one in changes of corticosterone level, both rhythms being synchronized in different birds. a beginning of growth of new oar feathers coincides with maximum thyroxine concentration in blood serum and also demonstrates a three-day period. in free-l ... | 2014 | 25508100 |
| [the infradian rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and related periodicity of feather replacement during the molting in passerine birds]. | in the course of 15 days, the thyroxine and corticosterone level was measured daily in blood serum of molting starlings, sturnus vulgaris, by use of enzyme immunodetection method. revealed are three-day rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and four-day one in changes of corticosterone level, both rhythms being synchronized in different birds. a beginning of growth of new oar feathers coincides with maximum thyroxine concentration in blood serum and also demonstrates a three-day period. in free-l ... | 2014 | 25438569 |
| immunofluorescent localization of sites binding anti-synthetic lhrh serum in the median eminence of the greenfinch (chloris chloris l.). | with an indirect immunofluorescence technique and an antiserum raised against synthetic lhrh, immunofluorescent granules were observed in fine radially oriented fibres in the palisade layer of the zoma externa in both the anterior and the posterior divisions of the median eminence in the greenfinch. there was no specific immunofluorescence in the tractus supraoptico-hypophyseus. it is concluded that the greenfinch median eminence contains material which is similar to mammalian lhrh. | 1975 | 170000 |
| isospora lacazei (labbe, 1893) and i. chloridis sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) from the english sparrow (passer domesticus), greenfinch (chloris chloris) and chaffinch (fringilla coelebs). | | 1966 | 5912390 |
| the carotenoid-continuum: carotenoid-based plumage ranges from conspicuous to cryptic and back again. | carotenoids are frequently used by birds to colour their plumage with green, yellow, orange or red hues, and carotenoid-based colours are considered honest signals of quality, although they may have other functions, such as crypsis. it is usually assumed that red through yellow colours have a signalling function while green is cryptic. here we challenge this notion using the yellow and green colouration of blue tits (cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (parus major) and greenfinches (carduelis chlo ... | 2010 | 20500884 |
| escape flights of yellowhammers and greenfinches: more than just physics. | wintering birds increase their fat reserves throughout the day, and impaired escape performance is often considered to be an important cost of fat reserves. since lifting a larger mass requires more energy, if birds escape at maximum power output, an increase in mass will impair the escape flight. in this study we did not find support for mass-dependent escape performance for yellowhammers, emberiza citrinella, and greenfinches, carduelis chloris, with natural daily mass increases of 7-8%. this ... | 2000 | 10715182 |
| a new species of isospora (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the greenfinch carduelis chloris (passeriformes: fringillidae). | a new species of isosporan (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) is reported from the greenfinch, carduelis chloris (passeriformes: fringillidae), in england. oocysts of isospora daszaki n.sp. are spherical to subspherical, 18.8 × 20.3 (16.8-22.4 × 16.8-25.2) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.08 (1.07-1.1). micropyle, polar granules and oocyst residuum are absent. sporocysts are 9.4 × 14.8 (8.4-11.2 × 12.6-18.2) μm, a shape index of 1.6, with stieda and substieda bodies. gamogony was seen in the il ... | 2012 | 22706904 |
| salmonella spp. as a cause of mortality and clinical symptoms in free-living garden bird species in poland. | some species of garden birds are considered to be sensitive to salmonella (s.) spp. infections. the aim of this study was to determine the cause of mortality of six free-living birds in one private property in suburban area of wrocław (poland). in 2013 poland experienced prolonged winter, with low temperatures and snow precipitations. during march and april, two dead individuals of the eurasian siskin (carduelis spinus) and four dead individuals of the greenfinch (carduelis chloris) were found i ... | 2014 | 25638990 |
| simple and noninvasive method for assessment of digestive efficiency: validation of fecal steatocrit in greenfinch coccidiosis model. | animals' capability to absorb energy and nutrients from food poses a major internal constraint that affects the amount of resources available for allocation to maintenance, growth, signaling, and reproduction. intestinal surface is the largest area of contact between immune system and microbial antigens; gut thus appears the main arena where trade-offs between immune function and other components of fitness arise. assessment of the integrity of digestive machinery should therefore be of high pri ... | 2016 | 28035266 |
| silver spoon effects on plumage quality in a passerine bird. | a silver spoon effect means that individuals who develop under favourable circumstances enjoy a fitness or performance advantage later in life. while there is large empirical support for silver spoon effects acting on different life-history traits in birds, such as survival and reproduction, the evidence for the carry-over effects of rearing conditions on the quality of future plumage generations is lacking. here, we examined whether abilities of individuals to undergo extensive post-juvenile mo ... | 2015 | 26543571 |
| viability selection affects black but not yellow plumage colour in greenfinches. | much of the debate surrounding the selective forces responsible for the expression of conspicuous plumage colouration is centred on the question of precisely which individual qualities are signalled by carotenoid- and melanin-based pigments. to examine this and other related issues, we performed viability selection analyses in wild-caught captive male greenfinches (carduelis chloris) in estonia during winters between 2003 and 2014. based on our measurements, birds with a darker black eumelanin-b ... | 2016 | 26386701 |
| profile of whole blood gene expression following immune stimulation in a wild passerine. | immunoecology aims to explain variation among hosts in the strength and efficacy of immunological defences in natural populations. this requires development of biomarkers of the activation of the immune system so that they can be collected non-lethally and sampled from small amounts of easily obtainable tissue. we used transcriptome profiling in wild greenfinches (carduelis chloris) to detect whole blood transcripts that most profoundly indicate upregulation of antimicrobial defences during acut ... | 2014 | 24972896 |
| high feather corticosterone indicates better coccidian infection resistance in greenfinches. | differential exposure or sensitivity to stressors can have substantial effects on the variation in immune responsiveness of animals. however, the questions about the causes and consequences of these processes have remained largely unclear, particularly as regards wild animals and their natural pathogens. here we ask how a potential marker of stress responses, the feather corticosterone (cort) content, reflects the resistance to an experimental infection with natural coccidian parasites in wild-c ... | 2014 | 24953456 |
| dexamethasone inhibits corticosterone deposition in feathers of greenfinches. | corticosterone (cort) content of feathers is a potent source of information about activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis during feather growth, which is used for assessment of well-being and stress history of individuals and populations in avian studies. however, little is known about factors affecting deposition of cort into feathers and how feather cort covaries with other markers of stress imposed upon individuals during feather growth. we addressed these questions by measuri ... | 2013 | 23856540 |
| on the methodological limitations of detecting oxidative stress: effects of paraquat on measures of oxidative status in greenfinches. | oxidative stress (os) is widely believed to be responsible for the generation of trade-offs in evolutionary ecology by means of constraining investment into a number of components of fitness. yet, progress in understanding the true role of os in ecology and evolution has remained elusive. interpretation of current findings is particularly hampered by the scarcity of experiments demonstrating which of the many available parameters of oxidative status respond most sensitively to and are relevant f ... | 2013 | 23580720 |
| coccidian infection causes oxidative damage in greenfinches. | the main tenet of immunoecology is that individual variation in immune responsiveness is caused by the costs of immune responses to the hosts. oxidative damage resulting from the excessive production of reactive oxygen species during immune response is hypothesized to form one of such costs. we tested this hypothesis in experimental coccidian infection model in greenfinches carduelis chloris. administration of isosporan coccidians to experimental birds did not affect indices of antioxidant prote ... | 2012 | 22615772 |
| individual consistency and covariation of measures of oxidative status in greenfinches. | oxidative stress results from a mismatch between production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and the organism's capacity to mitigate their damaging effects by building up sufficient antioxidant protection and/or repair mechanisms. because ros production is a universal consequence of cellular metabolism and immune responses, evolutionary animal ecologists have become increasingly interested in involvement of oxidative stress as a proximate mechanism responsible for the emergence of trade-offs rel ... | 2012 | 22494985 |
| effects of immune activation and glucocorticoid administration on feather growth in greenfinches. | elevation of glucocorticoid (gc) hormone levels is an integral part of stress response (as well as its termination) and immunomodulation. these hormones are also responsible for mobilizing energy stores by stimulation of gluconeogenesis and inhibition of protein synthesis. elevation of gcs is thus incompatible with other protein-demanding processes, such as moult. previous studies have shown that chronic elevation of gc hormones suppresses feather growth. here, we asked whether similar effect wo ... | 2011 | 21898848 |
| oxidative profile varies with personality in european greenfinches. | where behavioural responses differ consistently between individuals, this is termed 'personality'. there is the suggestion, but with little supporting data, that personality traits reflect underlying variation in physiology. here, we tested whether greenfinches carduelis chloris differing in personality traits differed in various plasma indices of oxidative profile: antioxidant capacity (oxy), pro-oxidant status (reactive oxygen metabolites, roms), oxidative stress (os) and an end-product of oxi ... | 2011 | 21525320 |
| effects of carotenoids, immune activation and immune suppression on the intensity of chronic coccidiosis in greenfinches. | allocation trade-offs of carotenoids between their use in the immune system and production of integumentary colouration have been suggested as a proximate mechanism maintaining honesty of signal traits. we tested how dietary carotenoid supplementation, immune activation and immune suppression affect intensity of coccidian infection in captive greenfinches carduelis chloris, a passerine with carotenoid-based plumage. immune activation with phytohaemagglutinin (pha) decreased body mass among birds ... | 2011 | 21176774 |
| colour cues or spatial cues? context-dependent preferences in the european greenfinch (carduelis chloris). | using featural cues such as colour to identify ephemeral food can increase foraging efficiency. featural cues may change over time however; therefore, animals should use spatial cues to relocate food that occurs in a temporally stable position. we tested this hypothesis by measuring the cue preferences of captive greenfinches carduelis chloris when relocating food hidden in a foraging tray. in these standardised associative learning trials, greenfinches favoured colour cues when returning to a f ... | 2011 | 21170666 |
| oxidative stress and information content of black and yellow plumage coloration: an experiment with greenfinches. | carotenoid and melanin pigments in the plumage of birds are hypothesized to be sensitive to oxidative stress. we manipulated oxidative status of captive greenfinches (carduelis chloris l.) by the administration of buthionine sulfoximine (bso), a selective inhibitor of the synthesis of glutathione (gsh), an intracellular antioxidant. half of the birds in the treated group, as well as in the control group, also received dietary carotenoid (lutein) supplementation. bso treatment reduced erythrocyte ... | 2010 | 20543121 |
| use of accurate mass full scan mass spectrometry for the analysis of anthocyanins in berries and berry-fed tissues. | anthocyanins in extracts from raspberries and blueberries were analyzed by reversed-phase hplc coupled to a high-resolution exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer (hr-ms) with a resolution of 100,000, operated with an electrospray source in the positive ionization mode. as consumption of anthocyanin-rich berry extracts has been associated with improved cognitive function, brain extracts from european greenfinches ( carduelis chloris ) that had been fed one blackberry daily for a period of 2 weeks w ... | 2010 | 20014766 |
| carotenoid coloration in greenfinches is individually consistent irrespective of foraging ability. | carotenoid-based plumage coloration of birds has been hypothesized to honestly reflect individual quality, either because carotenoids are difficult to acquire via food or because of a trade-off in allocation of carotenoids between maintenance and signaling functions. we tested whether differential foraging ability is a necessary precondition for maintaining individual differences in carotenoid-based plumage coloration in male greenfinches (carduelis chloris). wild-caught birds were brought into ... | 2014 | 17910002 |
| carotenoids, immune response and the expression of sexual ornaments in male greenfinches (carduelis chloris). | allocation trade-offs of carotenoids between their use in the immune system and production of sexual ornaments have been suggested as a proximate mechanism maintaining honesty of sexual signals. to test this idea, we experimentally examined whether carotenoid availability in the diet was related to variation in antibody response to novel antigens in male greenfinches (carduelis chloris aurantiiventris), a species with extensive carotenoid-dependent plumage colouration. we also measured the cost ... | 2007 | 17569027 |
| carotenoid-based plumage coloration of male greenfinches reflects health and immunocompetence. | hypotheses of parasite-mediated sexual selection (pmss) propose that elaborate male ornaments have evolved due to female preferences. females would benefit from mating with more ornamental males if males' ornamentation signals their health status and ability to provide parasite resistance genes for the offspring. carotenoid-based plumage coloration of birds has been hypothesised to honestly reflect an individual's health status due to trade-off in allocation of carotenoids between maintenance an ... | 2003 | 12647136 |
| atoxoplasma (apicomplexa: eimeriorina: atoxoplasmatidae) in the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). | merozoites of an atoxoplasma species were present within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of leucocytes in the blood vessels in the small intestine of the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). the merozoites indented the nucleus of the leucocytes. merozoites, macrogametes, and microgamonts were present in the epithelial cells of the intestines. no merogony was observed. experiments provided circumstantial evidence linking disporocystid-octozoic oocysts with the blood and intestinal infections ... | 1998 | 9714216 |
| rates and patterns of mitochondrial dna sequence evolution in fringilline finches (fringilla spp.) and the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). | rates and patterns of evolution in partial sequences of five mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, atpase 6, nadh dehydrogenase subunit 5, trna(glu), and the control region) were compared among taxa in the passerine bird genera fringilla and carduelis. rates of divergence do not vary significantly among genes, even in comparisons with the control region. rate variation among lineages is significant only for the control region and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 5, and patterns of variation are consisten ... | 1998 | 9615445 |
| historical demography and present day population structure of the greenfinch, cardueus chloris-an analysis of mtdna control-region sequences. | genetic variability within and among 10 geographically distinct populations of greenfinches (carduelis chloris) was assayed by directly sequencing a 637 bp part of the mtdna control region from 194 individuals. thirteen variable positions defined 18 haplotypes with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.8%. haplotype (h = 0.28-0.77) and nucleotide (π = 0.058-0.17%) diversities within populations were low, and decreased with increasing latitude (h:rs = -0.81; π: rs = -0.89). the distribution of pairw ... | 1997 | 28568600 |
| genetic population structure and gradual northward decline of genetic variability in the greenfinch (carduelis chloris). | | 1996 | 28565666 |
| papillomavirus infection in greenfinches (carduelis chloris). | the present report describes transmissible papillomatous digital lesions observed in two greenfinches (carduelis chloris) living in a private aviary. the disease appeared in the male bird and successively in the female but did not affect other passerine and psittacine species living with the sick birds. negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of 52.6 nm virus particles similar to papillomavirus. immunoelectronmicroscopy confirmed the presence of papillomavirus genus specific ... | 1992 | 1329406 |
| atoxoplasma in greenfinches (carduelis chloris) as a possible cause of 'going light'. | | 1989 | 2718326 |
| the stability of the circadian rhythm of green finches (carduelis chloris) under the influence of a weak electrical field. | free-running activity rhythms of nine green finches (carduelis chloris) were studied under the influence of a 10-hz square-wave electrical field. with a field strength of magnitude of e = 2.5 v/m in the empty cage, the population had a mean period of 23.64 +/- 0.77 hr. in the same experiment, but without the electrical field, the period was 23.66 +/- 0.80 hr. these results are in contradiction to wever's description of a field-induced shortening of the period. a series of experiments with 10-hz ... | 1989 | 2519601 |
| circahoralian rhythms of body temperature in mammals and birds with different metabolism levels. | the time course of intraperitoneal body temperature has been analyzed in two species of mammals (laboratory c57bl/6 mice and white-breasted hedgehogs (erinaceus roumanicus) and in two species of passerine birds (common greenfinch chloris chloris and japanese quail coturnix japonica) with different body weights. similar sets of basic harmonics appearing synchronously in different individuals have been found in the body temperature spectra of the species studied. the level of basal metabolism in t ... | 2020 | 33083878 |
| co-infections, genetic, and antigenic relatedness of avian influenza h5n8 and h5n1 viruses in domestic and wild birds in egypt. | a total of 50 poultry farms of commercial broilers (n = 39) and commercial layers (n = 11) suffered from respiratory problems and mortality during the period from january 2016 to december 2017 were investigated. also, samples were collected from quail (n = 4), bluebird (sialis, n = 1), and greenfinch (chloris chloris, n = 1) for analysis. respiratory viral pathogens were screened by pcr and positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and genetic identification. antigenic relatedness of is ... | 2019 | 30668795 |
| spatio-temporal dynamics and aetiology of proliferative leg skin lesions in wild british finches. | proliferative leg skin lesions have been described in wild finches in europe although there have been no large-scale studies of their aetiology or epizootiology to date. firstly, disease surveillance, utilising public reporting of observations of live wild finches was conducted in great britain (gb) and showed proliferative leg skin lesions in chaffinches (fringilla coelebs) to be widespread. seasonal variation was observed, with a peak during the winter months. secondly, pathological investigat ... | 2018 | 30305642 |
| investigation of systemic isosporosis outbreaks in an aviary of greenfinch (carduelis chloris) and goldfinch (carduelis carduelis) and a possible link with local wild sparrows (passer domesticus). | an outbreak of systemic isosporosis caused mortalities in greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and goldfinches (carduelis carduelis) kept in an aviary in the western suburbs of melbourne. the following year, a further outbreak in the same aviary occurred in a different flock of goldfinches. at the time of the second outbreak, dead and sick common sparrows (passer domesticus) discovered near the aviary were also found to have systemic isosporosis. | 2020 | 32430906 |
| an outbreak of trichomonosis in european greenfinches chloris chloris and european goldfinches carduelis carduelis wintering in northern france. | avian trichomonosis is a common and widespread disease, traditionally affecting columbids and raptors, and recently emerging among finch populations mainly in europe. across europe, finch trichomonosis is caused by a single clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae and negatively impacts finch populations. here, we report an outbreak of finch trichomonosis in the wintering populations of chloris chloris (european greenfinch) and carduelis carduelis (european goldfinch) from the boulonnais, in northe ... | 2019 | 30957740 |
| body temperature dynamics in small mammals and birds in 10-120-min period range. | the dynamics of intraperitoneal body temperature was analyzed in males of c57bl/6 mice and common greenfinches (chloris chloris). despite the membership in different classes, these mammals demonstrated the identical set of harmonics in body temperature spectra. the study revealed synchronicity of body temperature oscillations in distantly isolated animals. the data suggest that body temperature oscillations in 10-120-min (circahoralian) period range reflect the effect of an external environmenta ... | 2020 | 33104911 |
| trichomonosis in greenfinches (chloris chloris) in the netherlands 2009-2017: a concealed threat. | finch trichomonosis in europe is caused by a trichomonas gallinae subtype a1 strain, considered to be clonal because lacking genetic heterogeneity in partial genotyping. the disease recently emerged and has been associated with a 66% reduction of the british breeding greenfinch (chloris chloris) population. in contrast, in the netherlands, where trichomonosis was detected in 2009, the breeding greenfinch population continued to grow in subsequent years. this study aimed to elucidate whether this ... | 2019 | 31850382 |
| corticosterone levels correlate in wild-grown and lab-grown feathers in greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and predict behaviour and survival in captivity. | level of corticosterone (cort), which is a predominant glucocorticoid in birds, has become the main indicator for assessing the stress level of birds in ecological studies. feather corticosterone (cortf) provides information about corticosterone levels during feather growth, however, the underlying causes of individual variation of cortf between individuals and individual persistency of cortf are not yet fully understood. therefore, this study addresses individual consistency in cortf and the as ... | 2020 | 31765655 |
| proposed indoor test procedure to quantify pesticide treatment effects on seed consumption by birds. | pesticides used in seed coatings can influence seed consumption by birds and, therefore, actual exposure risk for them. a quantification of such effects on consumption is currently not regarded as a refinement factor in environmental risk assessments, although it is a possible option and should be considered, for example, for comparing exposure risk of different pesticides. it can highlight avoidance behavior, preventing birds from taking up lethal or sublethal pesticide doses. to formulate a st ... | 2020 | 31634978 |
| multilocus analysis resolves the european finch epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae and suggests introgression from divergent trichomonads. | in europe, trichomonas gallinae recently emerged as a cause of epidemic disease in songbirds. a clonal strain of the parasite, first found in the united kingdom, has become the predominant strain there and spread to continental europe. discriminating this epidemic strain of t. gallinae from other strains necessitated development of multilocus sequence typing (mlst). development of the mlst was facilitated by the assembly and annotation of a 54.7 mb draft genome of a cloned stabilate of the a1 eu ... | 2019 | 31364699 |
| characters discriminating two seed husking mechanisms in finches (fringillidae: carduelinae) and estrildids (passeridae: estrildinae). | finches have two major types of seed husking, each with two phases: crushing and seed husk disposal. recent observations show that both spice finches and greenfinches husk seeds by a crushing mechanism, but the greenfinch, carduelis chloris, applies mediolateral movements of the lower mandible, especially during seek husk disposal, while such movements are not-found in the spice finch, lonchura punctulata. a detailed comparison of the anatomies of their jaw apparatuses elucidates that numerous d ... | 1997 | 29852621 |