| yellowhammers get fatter in the presence of a predator. | according to predictions from theoretical models, body mass and the daily foraging pattern of small birds in winter should be sensitive to predation risk. with increased risk of predation birds are expected to lower their body mass and shift their foraging to the afternoons. i studied the effect of predator presence on daily mass gain in captive yellowhammers, emberiza citrinella. the birds were tested in unisex pairs, one bird being dominant over the other. in the first treatment the amount of ... | 1998 | 9632516 |
| feather mites, pectoral muscle condition, wing length and plumage coloration of passerines. | i compared the feather mite (acari, proctophyllodidae) loads of moulting birds with features of the new plumage that they were growing. i examined 21 samples, each sample containing individuals of the same species, sex and age class (juvenile, yearling or adult). i used nine species: wren, troglodytes troglodytes; dunnock, prunella modularis; robin, erithacus rubecula; blue tit, parus caeruleus; great tit, p. major; chaffinch, fringilla coelebs; greenfinch, carduelis chloris; linnet, c. cannabin ... | 1999 | 10479371 |
| cutaneous trematode collyriclum faba in wild birds in the central european carpathians. | the occurrence of cutaneous trematode collyriclum faba in wild birds was monitored in the central european carpathians from 1996 to 2001. a total of 5,414 birds, representing 86 species, was examined. collyriclum faba was found at 7 sites (5 in slovakia, 1 in poland, and 1 in the czech republic), and prevalences at the sites varied from 1 to 16%. ten species of passerine birds were infected: blackcap (sylvia atricapilla) (16 positive/622 tested, 2% prevalence), black redstart (phoenicurus ochrur ... | 2003 | 12760670 |
| focal bird species and risk assessment approach for nonagricultural grassland scenarios in central europe. | the european food safety authority (efsa) guideline on risk assessment identifies pesticide exposure scenarios for nontarget wildlife; however, this scheme is not applicable to nonagricultural grassland. for example, different habitats and human utilization on golf courses attract bird communities that differ from those found in agricultural fields with annual crop cycles. the present study determined focal bird species for amenity grasslands such as golf courses following the efsa guideline. ba ... | 2014 | 24889926 |
| bioenergy and biodiversity: intensified biomass extraction from hedges impairs habitat conditions for birds. | biomass is increasingly used as an alternative source for energy in europe. woody material cut from hedges is considered to provide a suitable complement to maize and oilseed rape, which are currently the dominant biomass sources. since shrubs and trees are also important habitats for birds, however, coppicing of hedges at the landscape scale may adversely affect the diversity of the avifauna. to evaluate this risk, we estimated the response of hedge birds to three management scenarios differing ... | 2017 | 27915181 |
| anthropogenically-mediated density dependence in a declining farmland bird. | land management intrinsically influences the distribution of animals and can consequently alter the potential for density-dependent processes to act within populations. for declining species, high densities of breeding territories are typically considered to represent productive populations. however, as density-dependent effects of food limitation or predator pressure may occur (especially when species are dependent upon separate nesting and foraging habitats), high territory density may limit p ... | 2015 | 26431173 |
| active blood parasite infection is not limited to the breeding season in a declining farmland bird. | avian blood parasites can have significant impacts on adult breeding birds but studies of parasitism outside the breeding season are rare, despite their potentially important implications for host-parasite dynamics. here we investigate temporal dynamics of blood parasite infection in adult yellowhammers emberiza citrinella . we screened blood samples collected between december and april of 2 consecutive winters using pcr. we found a high prevalence of both haemoproteus and leucocytozoon parasite ... | 2014 | 24450288 |
| avian blood parasite infection during the non-breeding season: an overlooked issue in declining populations? | pathogens and parasites can have major impacts on host population dynamics, both through direct mortality and via indirect effects. both types of effect may be stronger in species whose populations are already under pressure. we investigated the potential for blood parasites to impact upon their hosts at the immunological, physiological and population level during the non-breeding season using a declining population of yellowhammers emberiza citrinella as a model. | 2013 | 24011390 |
| phonological-dependent territorial responses in yellowhammers (emberiza citrinella). | in songbirds, males sing to attract potential mate and to defend their territory. information about the sender such as its sex, its motivational state, its strength or identity can be encoded through subtle modifications in songs. in this study, we investigated whether territorial responses of yellowhammer males may be affected by modifications of song syntax and phonology. yellowhammer song is mainly composed of three elements among which the last one is a long and low frequency note that is su ... | 2011 | 21827836 |
| estimating the annual number of breeding attempts from breeding dates using mixture models. | well-established statistical methods exist to estimate variation in a number of key demographic rates from field data, including life-history transition probabilities and reproductive success per attempt. however, our understanding of the processes underlying population change remains incomplete without knowing the number of reproductive attempts individuals make annually; this is a key demographic rate for which we have no satisfactory method of estimating. using census data to estimate this pa ... | 2009 | 19725863 |
| microsatellite variation in the yellowhammer emberiza citrinella: population structure of a declining farmland bird. | in recent years, there has been much concern in the uk about population declines of widespread species in agricultural habitats. conservation-orientated research on declining birds has focused on vital rates of survival and productivity. however, the environmental factors which may influence movements between populations of widespread species is poorly understood. population genetic structure is an indirect description of dispersal between groups of individuals. to attempt to develop an understa ... | 2001 | 11472532 |
| escape flights of yellowhammers and greenfinches: more than just physics. | wintering birds increase their fat reserves throughout the day, and impaired escape performance is often considered to be an important cost of fat reserves. since lifting a larger mass requires more energy, if birds escape at maximum power output, an increase in mass will impair the escape flight. in this study we did not find support for mass-dependent escape performance for yellowhammers, emberiza citrinella, and greenfinches, carduelis chloris, with natural daily mass increases of 7-8%. this ... | 2000 | 10715182 |
| [paracelsus research past and present: basic results, frustrated attempts, new approaches]. | as is well known, the leipzig historian of medicine karl sudhoff inaugurated modern research on paracelsus, providing it with a basis that has remained indispensable right down to the present. pertinent scholarly contributions by sudhoff date from 1887; they culminated first in the paracelsus bibliography of 1894 and reached their fitting conclusion with the edition of hohenheim's collected works, abteilung 1: medizinische, naturwissenschaftliche und philosophische schriften; its fourteen volume ... | 1993 | 8153974 |
| [the lay theology of paracelsus from the traditional historical viewpoint and its classification to reformation and catholic reform]. | certain aspects of the theological oeuvre of paracelsus--a body of work first described in painstaking detail and on the basis of the sources by kurt goldammer--still resist our understanding of them in appropriate historical terms. this circumstance is apparent in the various unanswered questions posed by the very biography of the physician and theologian: was his critical, reform-minded position vis-à-vis the church in any way relevant to his choice of strasbourg as a place of residence or to ... | 1993 | 8153973 |
| estimating the potential effects of pesticide seed treatments on the reproductive success of arable birds. | in temperate zones, seeds of spring-sown crops may be an attractive food source for breeding farmland birds. we modelled the effects of pesticide seed treatments on the reproductive success of 4 uk arable bird species (rook, linnet, skylark, yellowhammer) exposed to treated seeds of 3 spring-sown crops (beans, barley and linseed). we ran three types of model, 1) a "broods-at-risk" model looking at the temporal overlap between nesting and seed-sowing dates, and estimating the proportion of those ... | 2017 | 28841527 |
| wide-area mapping of small-scale features in agricultural landscapes using airborne remote sensing. | natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes are likely to come under increasing pressure with the global population set to exceed 9 billion by 2050. these non-cropped habitats are primarily made up of trees, hedgerows and grassy margins and their amount, quality and spatial configuration can have strong implications for the delivery and sustainability of various ecosystem services. in this study high spatial resolution (0.5 m) colour infrared aerial photography (cir) was used in ... | 2015 | 26664131 |
| why do we still use stepwise modelling in ecology and behaviour? | 1. the biases and shortcomings of stepwise multiple regression are well established within the statistical literature. however, an examination of papers published in 2004 by three leading ecological and behavioural journals suggested that the use of this technique remains widespread: of 65 papers in which a multiple regression approach was used, 57% of studies used a stepwise procedure. 2. the principal drawbacks of stepwise multiple regression include bias in parameter estimation, inconsistenci ... | 2006 | 16922854 |
| winter availability of cereal stubbles attracts declining farmland birds and positively influences breeding population trends. | many studies have demonstrated the selection of stubble fields by farmland birds in winter, but none have shown whether provisioning of this key habitat positively influences national population trends for widespread farmland birds. we use two complementary extensive bird surveys undertaken at the same localities in summer and winter and show that the area of stubble in winter attracts increased numbers of several bird species of conservation concern. moreover, for several farmland specialists, ... | 2005 | 15870035 |
| energy crops affecting farmland birds in central europe: insights from a miscanthus-dominated landscape. | the expansion of energy crops such as miscanthus miscanthus x giganteus has changed the habitat of european farmland birds. however, most studies on the subject are based in western europe. we surveyed the avian community in a sample bioenergy landscape in poland to investigate the pattern of use of the crop by birds in central europe. during a year-long survey, 80 species were noted, with 32 sighted in miscanthus. the number of bird sightings was negatively correlated with the area covered by m ... | 2019 | 30636777 |
| yellowhammer outlines how things fall apart in a no deal brexit. | | 2019 | 31519650 |
| no deal brexit: yellowhammer document shows scale of risk to drug supplies. | | 2019 | 31515260 |