| foreign body perforation of the esophagus initiating traumatic pericarditis in an australian fur seal. | postmortem examination of a juvenile australian fur seal, arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, washed ashore on philip island, victoria, revealed traumatic fibrinous pericarditis and hemothorax. a foreign body lodged in the right ventricle was identified as the barbed spine of the ray urolophus paucimaculatus. a small puncture wound through the esophagus indicated the initial perforation site. | 1978 | 368351 |
| tuberculosis in a captive colony of pinnipeds. | tuberculosis was diagnosed in 10 of 16 otariid seals upon post mortem examination. the species involved were new zealand fur seals (arctocephalus forsteri), australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and an australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). five seals died, four as a direct result of mycobacterial infection. one seal died of unrelated disease. the remaining 10 animals were subsequently tuberculin tested and then killed and necropsied. tuberculous lesions were seen in five. gro ... | 1991 | 2067051 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in the australian fur seal, arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. | | 1987 | 3117145 |
| tuberculosis in a wild australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) from tasmania. | tuberculosis was found in a wild, mature male australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) at hobart, tasmania on 8 march 1992. we observed fibrogranulomatous and pyogranulomatous lesions in the lung, pleura, lymph nodes and spleen. the sds/page profile of this tasmanian isolate was similar to other seal strains; however, differences were detected using ptbn12 and insertion sequence is6110 probes. | 1995 | 7563431 |
| a review of heavy metal and organochlorine levels in marine mammals in australia. | study of toxic contaminants in marine mammal specimens collected around australia is currently uncoordinated and piecemeal. most states collect samples but there is little or no financial support for their analysis. this study combines data, published or unpublished, from 13 sources. heavy metals have been analysed in about 676 specimens; over 400 were for mercury levels in p. macrocephalus taken at a whaling station. the remaining samples were mostly from toothed whales, a few baleen whales (< ... | 1994 | 7973602 |
| genetic variation of southern hemisphere fur seals (arctocephalus spp.): investigation of population structure and species identity. | we have examined phylogenetic and geographic patterns of variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of southern hemisphere fur seals (arctocephalus spp.). our survey of 106 individuals from four putative species reveals three distinct patterns of variation reflecting ancient, recent historic, and contemporary gene flow. for the combined samples of subantarctic (arctocephalus tropicalis) and antarctic (arctocephalus gazella) fur seals, we find low levels of sequence diversity and reciprocal ... | 1997 | 9183848 |
| the composition of australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk throughout lactation. | the proximate chemical composition of milk was determined throughout lactation in the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus wood jones), a temperate species with an 11-mo lactation period typical of most temperate otariids. average lipid and protein contents were 42% and 10%, respectively, which is similar to that recorded for the polar otariid species but higher than reported in other temperate, long-lactation species. milk composition, however, varied substantially throughout l ... | 1999 | 10521328 |
| chemical characterisation of the oligosaccharides in hooded seal (cystophora cristata) and australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk. | carbohydrates were extracted from hooded seal milk, crystophora cristata (family phocidae). free oligosaccharides were separated by gel filtration and then purified by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin layer or paper chromatography and their structures determined by 1h-nmr. the hooded seal milk was found to contain inositol and at least nine oligosaccharides, most of which had lacto-n-neotetraose or lacto-n-neohexaose as core units, similar to those in milk of othe ... | 2001 | 11207444 |
| electrophoretic detection of population variation within contracaecum ogmorhini (nematoda: ascaridoidea: anisakidae). | this study examined genetic variation among specimens of contracaecum ogmorhini from different otariid hosts and geographical origins using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based mutation detection approach. the first (its-1) and second (its-2) internal transcribed spacers (its) of ribosomal dna (rdna) were amplified individually by pcr, scanned for sequence variation by single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), and samples displaying variable sscp profiles were subjected to cycle sequenc ... | 2001 | 11465491 |
| fecal shedding of helicobacter spp. by co-housed australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | with the emergence of helicobacter species as agents of gastrointestinal disease within a broad range of animal hosts, there is growing awareness of the need to identify such species and the potential role(s) they play within the intestine. of interest in this study are captive seals and sea lions, where close proximity to one another may enhance the transmission of pathogens, in particular helicobacter. the feces of several captive australian sea lions and australian fur seals were assessed for ... | 2004 | 15261996 |
| comparison of helicobacter spp. genetic sequences in wild and captive seals, and gulls. | helicobacter species are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal system of humans and many animal taxa. investigations of natural infections are essential to elucidating their role within the host. the feces of fur seals arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and sea lions neophoca cinerea from 3 separate captive populations, as well as a wild colony from kangaroo island, australia, were examined for the occurrence of helicobacter spp. the feces from several wild silver gulls larus novahollandiae w ... | 2005 | 16060262 |
| a new species of parafilaroides (nematoda: filaroididae) in three species of fur seals (carnivora: otariidae) from the southern hemisphere. | blocks of frozen lungs of 2 australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus wood jones, 1925), 2 new zealand fur seals (a. forsteri [lesson, 1828]), and 1 sub-antarctic fur seal (a. tropicalis [gray, 1872]) from 3 different locations (australia, new zealand, and south africa, respectively) were examined and found to contain lung parasites. this represents the first thorough description and identification of a new species, parafilaroides normani, from an eared seal (otariidae) in the south ... | 2009 | 18652523 |
| analysis of australian fur seal diet by pyrosequencing prey dna in faeces. | dna-based techniques have proven useful for defining trophic links in a variety of ecosystems and recently developed sequencing technologies provide new opportunities for dietary studies. we investigated the diet of australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) by pyrosequencing prey dna from faeces collected at three breeding colonies across the seals' range. dna from 270 faecal samples was amplified with four polymerase chain reaction primer sets and a blocking primer was used to lim ... | 2009 | 19317847 |
| epizootiology of brucella infection in australian fur seals. | novel members of the bacterial genus brucella have recently emerged as pathogens of various marine mammal species and as potential zoonotic agents. we investigated the epizootiology of brucella infection in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) by establishing demographic and temporal variations in antibody prevalence, attempting isolation of the causative agent, and determining whether this potential pathogen is involved in frequent abortions observed in this pinniped species. ... | 2011 | 21441188 |
| serologic survey for potential pathogens and assessment of disease risk in australian fur seals. | the introduction of pathogens into populations of animals with no previous exposure to them and, therefore, no immunologic protection, can result in epizootics. predicting the susceptibility of populations to infectious diseases is crucial for their conservation and management. australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) have a relatively small population size, a restricted range, and form dense aggregations. these factors make this species vulnerable to epizootics of infectious dise ... | 2011 | 21719820 |
| mycobacterium pinnipedii tuberculosis in a free-ranging australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) in south australia. | this report describes the first case in south australia, australia, of mycobacterium pinnipedii tuberculosis in a free-ranging australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). severe pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia with intrahistocytic acid-fast beaded filamentous bacilli was seen on histology. m. pinnipedii was confirmed by full 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (miru-vntr) typing. spillover concerns for public health and cattle are discuss ... | 2014 | 25632695 |
| mycoplasmas in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus): identification and association with abortion. | bacteria from the genus mycoplasma are common inhabitants of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts of mammals. the understanding of the pathological significance of mycoplasmas in seals is poor, as few studies have utilized the specific culture techniques required to isolate these bacteria. the current study surveyed for the mycoplasma species present in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and investigated the association between infection and pathology. mycop ... | 2011 | 22362792 |
| molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (nematoda: uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation. | hookworms of the genus uncinaria have been widely reported from juvenile pinnipeds, however investigations of their systematics has been limited, with only two species described, uncinaria lucasi from northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and uncinaria hamiltoni from south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). hookworms were sampled from these hosts and seven additional species including steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), california sea lions (zalophus californianus), south american fu ... | 2013 | 24162075 |
| morphometric and molecular characterization of the species of uncinaria frölich, 1789 (nematoda) parasitic in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber), with notes on hookworms in three other pinniped hosts. | this study presents morphological and molecular data on hookworms from the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber) currently identified in australian waters as uncinaria hamiltoni baylis, 1933. additional specimens from the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea (péron) and the new zealand fur seal arctocephalus forsteri (lesson) from australia, and the southern elephant seal mirounga leonina (linnaeus) from antarctica, were included. using the internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2013 | 23595493 |
| characterisation of proteins in the milk of fur seals. | milk protein composition was investigated throughout the lactation periods of the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and antarctic fur seal (arctocephalus gazella). the mean protein content of the milk was found to be 10.9% and 10.6% respectively. the concentration of total protein did not change during lactation, although a decline in casein content of the milk in late lactation was apparent. milk protein concentration during a foraging/suckling cycle of the antarctic fur se ... | 2005 | 15820141 |
| dive characteristics can predict foraging success in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) as validated by animal-borne video. | dive characteristics and dive shape are often used to infer foraging success in pinnipeds. however, these inferences have not been directly validated in the field with video, and it remains unclear if this method can be applied to benthic foraging animals. this study assessed the ability of dive characteristics from time-depth recorders (tdr) to predict attempted prey capture events (apc) that were directly observed on animal-borne video in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, ... | 2016 | 26873950 |
| drivers and annual estimates of marine wildlife entanglement rates: a long-term case study with australian fur seals. | methods of calculating wildlife entanglement rates are not standardised between studies and often ignore the influence of observer effort, confounding comparisons. from 1997-2013 we identified 359 entangled australian fur seals at seal rocks, south-eastern australia. most entanglement materials originated from commercial fisheries; most frequently entangling pups and juveniles. using generalized additive mixed models, which incorporated observer effort and survey frequency, we identified that en ... | 2015 | 26475026 |
| sexual niche segregation and gender-specific individual specialisation in a highly dimorphic marine mammal. | while sexual segregation is expected in highly dimorphic species, the local environment is a major factor driving the degree of resource partitioning within a population. sexual and individual niche segregation was investigated in the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), which is a benthic foraging species restricted to the shallow continental shelf region of south-eastern australia. tracking data and the isotopic values of plasma, red blood cells and whiskers were combined to ... | 2015 | 26244371 |
| from video recordings to whisker stable isotopes: a critical evaluation of timescale in assessing individual foraging specialisation in australian fur seals. | estimating the degree of individual specialisation is likely to be sensitive to the methods used, as they record individuals' resource use over different time-periods. we combined animal-borne video cameras, gps/tdr loggers and stable isotope values of plasma, red cells and sub-sampled whiskers to investigate individual foraging specialisation in female australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) over various timescales. combining these methods enabled us to (1) provide quantitative ... | 2016 | 26233674 |
| characteristics of marine debris that entangle australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) in southern australia. | marine debris is a global issue that can have devastating impacts on marine mammals. to understand the types of materials that result in entanglement and thus the potential impact of entangling items on marine wildlife, we analysed data collected from items in which australian fur seals had been entangled in southern victoria, australia over a 15year period. from 1997 to 2012, 138 entangling items were removed from seals. the majority of these entanglements were plastic twine or rope, and seals ... | 2015 | 26165938 |
| use of anthropogenic sea floor structures by australian fur seals: potential positive ecological impacts of marine industrial development? | human-induced changes to habitats can have deleterious effects on many species that occupy them. however, some species can adapt and even benefit from such modifications. artificial reefs have long been used to provide habitat for invertebrate communities and promote local fish populations. with the increasing demand for energy resources within ocean systems, there has been an expansion of infrastructure in near-shore benthic environments which function as de facto artificial reefs. little is kn ... | 2015 | 26132329 |
| identification of prey captures in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) using head-mounted accelerometers: field validation with animal-borne video cameras. | this study investigated prey captures in free-ranging adult female australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) using head-mounted 3-axis accelerometers and animal-borne video cameras. acceleration data was used to identify individual attempted prey captures (apc), and video data were used to independently verify apc and prey types. results demonstrated that head-mounted accelerometers could detect individual apc but were unable to distinguish among prey types (fish, cephalopod, sting ... | 2015 | 26107647 |
| foraging-based enrichment promotes more varied behaviour in captive australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | during wild foraging, australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) encounter many different types of prey in a wide range of scenarios, yet in captive environments they are typically provided with a narrower range of opportunities to display their full repertoire of behaviours. this study aimed to quantitatively explore the effect of foraging-based enrichment on the behaviour and activity patterns displayed by two captive australian fur seals at melbourne zoo, australia. food was pres ... | 2015 | 25946412 |
| australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) use raptorial biting and suction feeding when targeting prey in different foraging scenarios. | foraging behaviours used by two female australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) were documented during controlled feeding trials. during these trials the seals were presented with prey either free-floating in open water or concealed within a mobile ball or a static box feeding device. when targeting free-floating prey both subjects primarily used raptorial biting in combination with suction, which was used to draw prey to within range of the teeth. when targeting prey concealed wi ... | 2014 | 25390347 |
| characterisation of the mitochondrial genome of parafilaroides normani (lungworm) of arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (australian fur seal). | parafilaroides normani is a metastrongyloid nematode of clinical relevance in some species of pinnipeds. the taxonomy, biology and epidemiology of this and related species are not well understood. mitochondrial (mt) dna can provide markers for studies in these areas, but genetic data are scant. here, we characterised the mt genome of p. normani. adults of this nematode were collected from arctocephalus pusillus doriferus from phillip island, victoria, australia, and genomic dna was extracted fro ... | 2014 | 24924434 |
| temporal allocation of foraging effort in female australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | across an individual's life, foraging decisions will be affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic drivers that act at differing timescales. this study aimed to assess how female australian fur seals allocated foraging effort and the behavioural changes used to achieve this at three temporal scales: within a day, across a foraging trip and across the final six months of the lactation period. foraging effort peaked during daylight hours (57% of time diving) with lulls in activity just prior to ... | 2013 | 24244511 |
| age-related differences revealed in australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus gut microbiota. | the gut microbiota of australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) was examined at different age classes using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish) and 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing. the fish results indicated that in the fur seal groups, the predominant phyla are firmicutes (22.14-67.33%) followed by bacteroidetes (3.11-15.45%) and then actinobacteria (1.4-5.9%) consistent with other mammals. phylum proteobacteria had an initial abundance of 1.8% in the 2-month-old pups, but < 1% ... | 2013 | 23746080 |
| accuracy of argos locations of pinnipeds at-sea estimated using fastloc gps. | argos satellite telemetry is one of the most widely used methods to track the movements of free-ranging marine and terrestrial animals and is fundamental to studies of foraging ecology, migratory behavior and habitat-use. argos location estimates do not include complete error estimations, and for many marine organisms, the most commonly acquired locations (location class 0, a, b, or z) are provided with no declared error estimate. | 2010 | 20090942 |
| terrestrial apnoeas and the development of cardiac control in australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) pups. | the development of cardiac control in association with terrestrial respiration patterns was examined throughout the period of maternal dependence in australian fur seal pups. resting eupnoic heart rate and respiration rate were significantly correlated (r (2) = 0.49) and both decreased with age (p < 0.05 in both cases). from an early age (1 month), pups displayed terrestrial apnoeas (18.1 +/- 0.5 s) accompanied by substantial bradycardia (127 beats min(-1), a 13% decrease from eupnoic hr). terre ... | 2009 | 18985355 |
| the physiological and behavioural development of diving in australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) pups. | the physiological and behavioural development of diving was examined in australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) pups to assess whether animals at weaning are capable of exploiting the same resources as adult females. haematocrit, haemoglobin and myoglobin contents all increased throughout pup development though total body oxygen stores reached only 71% of adult female levels just prior to weaning. oxygen storage components, however, did not develop at the same pace. whereas blood ... | 2007 | 17294194 |
| individual variation in the pup attraction call produced by female australian fur seals during early lactation. | otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) are colonial breeders with large numbers of females giving birth on land during a synchronous breeding period. once pups are born, females alternate between feeding their young ashore and foraging at sea. upon return, both mother and pup must relocate each other and it is thought to be primarily facilitated by vocal recognition. vocalizations of thirteen female australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) were recorded during the breeding season ... | 2006 | 16875246 |
| mercury concentrations in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus from se australian waters. | | 1985 | 4052650 |
| intrinsic and extrinsic influences on standard metabolic rates of three species of australian otariid. | the study of marine mammal energetics can shed light on how these animals might adapt to changing environments. their physiological potential to adapt will be influenced by extrinsic factors, such as temperature, and by intrinsic factors, such as sex and reproduction. we measured the standard metabolic rate (smr) of males and females of three australian otariid species (two australian fur seals, three new zealand fur seals and seven australian sea lions). mean smr ranged from 0.47 to 1.05 l o2 m ... | 2017 | 28852504 |
| swimming metabolic rates vary by sex and development stage, but not by species, in three species of australian otariid seals. | physiology may limit the ability for marine mammals to adapt to changing environments. depth and duration of foraging dives are a function of total available oxygen stores, which theoretically increase as animals grow, and metabolic costs. to evaluate how physiology may influence the travelling costs for seals to foraging patches in the wild, we measured metabolic rates of a cross-section of new zealand fur seals, australian fur seals and australian sea lions representing different foraging stra ... | 2017 | 27803974 |
| utility of fur as a biomarker for persistent organic pollutants in australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | persistent organic pollutants (pops) can cause toxic effects in many species which include endocrine dysfunction, immunotoxicity, developmental defects and neoplasia. species dominating the upper trophic level are vulnerable to these effects due to bioaccumulation. in bass strait, the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) is an important top order predator and sentinel species for ecosystem health. an alopecia syndrome is seen at high prevalence in juvenile, female australian fu ... | 2017 | 28851151 |
| utilisation of intensive foraging zones by female australian fur seals. | within a heterogeneous environment, animals must efficiently locate and utilise foraging patches. one way animals can achieve this is by increasing residency times in areas where foraging success is highest (area-restricted search). for air-breathing diving predators, increased patch residency times can be achieved by altering both surface movements and diving patterns. the current study aimed to spatially identify the areas where female australian fur seals allocated the most foraging effort, w ... | 2015 | 25692978 |
| the behavioural response of australian fur seals to motor boat noise. | australian fur seals breed on thirteen islands located in the bass strait, australia. land access to these islands is restricted, minimising human presence but boat access is still permissible with limitations on approach distances. thirty-two controlled noise exposure experiments were conducted on breeding australian fur seals to determine their behavioural response to controlled in-air motor boat noise on kanowna island (39°10's, 146°18'e). our results show there were significant differences i ... | 2012 | 22623998 |
| plasma cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations in pre-weaning australian fur seal pups. | the hormonal factors that influence development from birth to weaning in otariid seals is still largely unknown. in the present study, a suite of thyroid hormones and cortisol were measured in australian fur seal pups in order to determine baseline concentrations as well as to describe their endocrinology over this critical developmental period. a cross-section of newborn pups from a breeding colony located on kanowna island, australia were sampled at six different times over the course of the 1 ... | 2011 | 21439286 |
| acoustic features involved in the neighbour-stranger vocal recognition process in male australian fur seals. | many territorial species have the ability to recognise neighbours from stranger individuals. if the neighbouring individual is assumed to pose less of a threat, the territorial individual responds less and avoids unnecessary confrontations with familiar individuals at established boundaries, thus avoiding the costly energy expenditure associated with fighting. territorial male australian fur seals respond more to strangers than to neighbouring males. the present study evaluated which acoustic fe ... | 2008 | 18571339 |
| organochlorine contamination in pinnipeds. | organochlorines, such as pcbs and ddt, are ubiquitous contaminants. most studies reporting concentrations of organochlorines in pinnipeds have investigated ringed, grey, and harbour seals. very few studies have been carried out on pinnipeds from the southern hemisphere. pre-1980, the highest mean wet-weight blubber concentrations of ddt and related metabolites (911 +/- 582 micrograms g-1) were recorded in sea lions from california. the highest pre-1980 blubber concentrations of pcbs (1470 +/- 92 ... | 1994 | 8029490 |